Skip to main content

Full text of "A Collection of Several Pieces of John Toland"

See other formats 


This  is  a  digital  copy  of  a  book  that  was  preserved  for  generations  on  library  shelves  before  it  was  carefully  scanned  by  Google  as  part  of  a  project 
to  make  the  world's  books  discoverable  online. 

It  has  survived  long  enough  for  the  copyright  to  expire  and  the  book  to  enter  the  public  domain.  A  public  domain  book  is  one  that  was  never  subject 
to  copyright  or  whose  legal  copyright  term  has  expired.  Whether  a  book  is  in  the  public  domain  may  vary  country  to  country.  Public  domain  books 
are  our  gateways  to  the  past,  representing  a  wealth  of  history,  culture  and  knowledge  that's  often  difficult  to  discover. 

Marks,  notations  and  other  marginalia  present  in  the  original  volume  will  appear  in  this  file  -  a  reminder  of  this  book's  long  journey  from  the 
publisher  to  a  library  and  finally  to  you. 

Usage  guidelines 

Google  is  proud  to  partner  with  libraries  to  digitize  public  domain  materials  and  make  them  widely  accessible.  Public  domain  books  belong  to  the 
public  and  we  are  merely  their  custodians.  Nevertheless,  this  work  is  expensive,  so  in  order  to  keep  providing  this  resource,  we  have  taken  steps  to 
prevent  abuse  by  commercial  parties,  including  placing  technical  restrictions  on  automated  querying. 

We  also  ask  that  you: 

+  Make  non-commercial  use  of  the  files  We  designed  Google  Book  Search  for  use  by  individuals,  and  we  request  that  you  use  these  files  for 
personal,  non-commercial  purposes. 

+  Refrain  from  automated  querying  Do  not  send  automated  queries  of  any  sort  to  Google's  system:  If  you  are  conducting  research  on  machine 
translation,  optical  character  recognition  or  other  areas  where  access  to  a  large  amount  of  text  is  helpful,  please  contact  us.  We  encourage  the 
use  of  public  domain  materials  for  these  purposes  and  may  be  able  to  help. 

+  Maintain  attribution  The  Google  "watermark"  you  see  on  each  file  is  essential  for  informing  people  about  this  project  and  helping  them  find 
additional  materials  through  Google  Book  Search.  Please  do  not  remove  it. 

+  Keep  it  legal  Whatever  your  use,  remember  that  you  are  responsible  for  ensuring  that  what  you  are  doing  is  legal.  Do  not  assume  that  just 
because  we  believe  a  book  is  in  the  public  domain  for  users  in  the  United  States,  that  the  work  is  also  in  the  public  domain  for  users  in  other 
countries.  Whether  a  book  is  still  in  copyright  varies  from  country  to  country,  and  we  can't  offer  guidance  on  whether  any  specific  use  of 
any  specific  book  is  allowed.  Please  do  not  assume  that  a  book's  appearance  in  Google  Book  Search  means  it  can  be  used  in  any  manner 
anywhere  in  the  world.  Copyright  infringement  liability  can  be  quite  severe. 

About  Google  Book  Search 

Google's  mission  is  to  organize  the  world's  information  and  to  make  it  universally  accessible  and  useful.  Google  Book  Search  helps  readers 
discover  the  world's  books  while  helping  authors  and  publishers  reach  new  audiences.  You  can  search  through  the  full  text  of  this  book  on  the  web 


at|http  :  //books  .  google  .  com/ 


i      -- 


la 


* '  - 


f 


•0 


li"' 


V 


k 


2  w  4 


Jp 


iu^/ 


Digitized  by  VjOOQI^ 


N     . 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


i 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


'1 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


^fWiff^^  ^fc^^^^m^ 


COLLECTION 

OF    SEVERAL 

P      I    E   C   E    S 

O  F 

Mr.   JOHN  TOLAND, 

Noxv-    firft  publifh'd  from  his  Original 
Manufcripts  : 

Wif  H 

lome    MEMOIRS   ^/  ^/>  LIFE    ^»^ 
Writings. 

VOLUME     L 


L  0  NT)  O  N: 

Printed  for  J.  Peei^e,  at  Locke's  Head  in 
Tater-npfter  Raw.    M.  dcc.  xxvi. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


(iii    ) 


S  O  M  E 


MEMOIRS 


OF    THE 


LIFE   ANt)  WRITINGS 


O  F 


Mr.  JOHN  TOLANt): 

I  N     A 

LETTER 

T  O 

5***     B***L***. 


SIR, 


May  i6^  1722. 


[HEN,  in  the  courfc  of  our  Cor- 
refpondcncc,  1  fcnt  you  the  news 
of  Mr,  Toland's  Death,  I  little 
cxpcfted  you  wou'd  ask  me  for  an 
Account  of  his  Lifc>  and  there- 
fore ia  my  next  Letter,  I  dcUr  d  yoa  to  confidet 
*  A  z  ,      that 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


iv  T  H  E    L  I  F  E     O  F 

that  I  was  every  way  unqoalified  fpr  a  work 
of  that  nature  :  but  your  anfwer  was,  that,  as 
you  coricciv'd  the  Life  of  an  Author  chiefly 
confiftcd  in  the  Hiftory  of  his  Books  and  Dif- 
putes,  with  which  any  one  might  eaiily  make 
himfelf  acquainted  ^  you  did  not  require  more 
of  me  than  I  could  perform.  This  made  mc 
fufpeft,  that  you  intended  to  try,  whether 
my  readincfs  to  oblige  you,  was  anfwerable 
to  the.  feveral  marks  of  friend(hip  I  had  re- 
ceived from  you  5  and  therefore,  without  any 
further  confideration,  1  refolv'd  to  comply 
with  your  rec^ueft.  But  when  I  came  to  the 
performarice,  I  found  it  fo  difficult  to  meet 
with  proper  materials,  that  I  thought  I  fliou'd 
have  been  obliged,  either  to  drop  my  dcfign, 
Dt  to  fend  you  a  moft  confus'd  and  imper- 
fed  account :  the  former  of  which,  you  might 
have  imagined  to  proceed  from  my  want  of 
refjpeft  for  you  5  and  the  latter,  to  be  an  ef- 
fed  of  my  iiegligence.  But  it  happened,  by 
the  greatejft  accident  in  the  world,  that  I  fell 
into  the  company  of  a  Gcntlenpn,  who  had 
been  intimately  acquainted  with  Mr.ToLAND, 
and  who  very  generoufly  communicated  to 
mc  feveral  particulars  concerning  him,  Thefe 
have  been  of  great  ufc  to  me  in  compiling 
the  following  Memoirs,  which,  I  hope,  wil| 
afford  you  £pmc  entertainment,  * 


Mr.  ToLANi>  was   born   on  the  30th  of 
Kovembcr  1670,  in  the  moft  northern  Penin- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.  TOLAND.  v 

fala  in  Ireland^  in  the  Ifthmus  whereof  ftands 
Londonderry.  That  Peninfula  was  originally 
called  Inis-Eogariy  or  Inis  E again ,  but  is 
now  caird  Intfoen^  or  Enis-owen.  He  had 
the  Name  of  Janus  Junius  given  him  at  the 
font;  and  was  caird  by  that  name  in  the 
fchool-roll  every  morning :  but  the  other 
boys  making  a  jeft  of  it,  the  M after  himfclf 
ortler'd  him  to  be  call'd  John  for  the  future  j 
which  name  he  kept  ever  after. 

I  can  give  you  no  particular  account  of  his 
Parentage.  Some  have  affirm'd  that  his  Fa* 
thcr  was  a  Popith  Pricftj  and  he  hath  been 
abufcd  by  Abbot  Tilladet  (i),  Bifhop 
HuETius(2)3  and  others,  upon  the  account 
of  his  pretended  illegitimacy  :  which^  were 
it  frue>  is  a  moll  bale  and  ridiculous  re- 
proach 5  the  Child,  in  fuch  a  cafe,  being  in- 
tircly  innocent  of  the  guilt  of  his  Parents. 
But  no  Popifh  Writer  will,  I  prefumc,  afpcirfc 
him  in  that  refped  for  the  future,  when  they 
have  feen  the  Teftimonial,  which  war  given 
him  in  the  year  1708,  by  the  Irifh  Francif- 
cans  of  Prague,  where  he  happcn'd  to  be  at 
that  time.     It  runs  thus  : 

Infra-fcripti  tefiamur  T^om.  T  o  a  n  n  e  m 

To  L  A  N  D  oftum  ejfe  ex  honejtay  nobiliy  & 

anticpiijfima  Familiay  qua  per  f  lures  cente- 

'•'A  3  fioi 

(i)  Preface  des  Dijfettathns  de  Mr.  Huet  fitr  MverfiS  ms^ 
tUres  di  Religkn  &P  dd  Fbilohgie^  |.  v. 
{2)  Cmmevtamf  dc  rtbus  ad  earn  pfrtinentlhtiSp  pag.  412* 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


vi  TH5    LIFE    OF 

nos  armos^  ut  Regni  Hiftoria  &  continua 
monftrant  memoriae  in  Teninfula  Hibetms 
Enis-Ocn  di^hy  prope  urbem  Londina-T)eri- 
enfem  in  Ultonia^  perduravit.  In  cujus  ret 
firr/vorem  fidem^  nos  ex  eadem  Tatria  ori- 
undi  propriis  manibus  fuhfcripjimus,  Traga 
in  Bobemi^y  h^c  die  z  Jan.  1708. 

Joannes  o  Neill,  Superior  CoUegU 
Hibcrnoruni. 


L.S. 


Franciscus  o  Deulin,  S.  Theolo- 
gian Profcflbr. 

RuDOLPHys  6  Neill,     S.  Tiicol. 
Leftor. 

THESE  honeft  Friars,  you  fee,  do  certify 
under  their  hands  and  fcal,  that  Mr.  Tolanp 
vas  defcended  from  an  honourable,  noble, 
^d  Hioft  ancient  Family,  recorded  in  the 
HUtory  of  Ireland  for  fevcral  hundred  years. 

H  O  WIE  V  E  R,  we  may  take  it  for  grant- 
ee^ that  his  Relations  were  Papifts :  for  he 
himfelf  tells  us,  that  h?  was  "  educated  (3), 
"  from  his  cradle  in  the  groflcft  Superftition 
^^  apd  Idolatry,  but  God  was  pleas'd  to  make 
^^  his  own  Rcafpn,  and  fuch  ^  made  ufc  of 
^^  theirs,  the  hgppy  inftruments  of  his  Con- 
^  verfion :''   for   "  he  was  not  iixteen  years 

"  old 

(3)  Prcfiicc  to  Qhrifiia/thy  mtmyJIermSf  p.  m,  vUi.  ix. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.  TOLAND.  vU 

^^  old  when  he  became  (4)  as  zealous  againit 
"  Popery,  as  he  hath  ever  fince  continued. 

PROM  the  School  at  "  Redcaftle  near 
"  Londonderry,  he  went  in  1687  to  the 
^  College  of  Glafcow  in  Scotland :'  and  tf- 
ter  three  years  ftay  there,  he  vifited  the  Uni* 
verfity  of  Edinburg,  where  he  was  created 
Mafter  of  Arts,  on  the  30th  of  June  idpie, . 
and  jreceiv'd  the  ufual  Diploma  or  Ccrtificjitc 
from  the  Profeflbrs.     Here  is  a  Copy  of  it. 

UNivkRsis  S*  Jingulis  ad  quos  prafentes 
Liter  £  pewewmty  Nos  Univerfitatis  Jacobi 
Regis  Edinburgens  VrofeJforeSy  falutem  in 
domino  fempiternam  comprecamur:  Una- 
Qu  E  teftamur  ingemUm  hunc  bona  fpei  Ju- 
venem  Magiftrum  Joannem  Toland  Hi- 
bernumy  merlbus,  diligent ia^  &  laudabili  Jkc- 
cejfu  fe  nobis  ita  approbajfe^  ut  pofi  edi^ 
turn  Thikfophici  profeBus  examen^  folenni 
more  Magifier  in  jirtibus  Liber alibus  renun- 
ciaretWy  m  Comitiis  noftris  Laureatis  anno 
falutis  millejimoy  fexcentejimo  &  nonagefimo, 
trigejimo  die  Jimii :  ^u^propter  mm  dubita- 
mus  eum  nune  a  Nobis  in  Tatriam  redei/m- 
temy  ut  egregimn  Adolefcentemy  ommhus  fuos 
adire  n>el  quibufatm  verfari  contigerit  de  me- 
iiori  not  a  commendarey  fperantes  ilium  {00- 
tulmte  divina  gratia)  Literis  hifce  Tefti- 
momali^s  fore  abunde  refpanfurum.  In  qm- 
*A4  rum 

(4)  An  Aitilo^y  fof  Mr,  Toland,  Lond.  1(^971  p*  itf. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


via 


THE    LIFE    OF 


Tumfidem  inclyta  Civitas  Edinburgum  Acd- 
demi£  hujus  Tarens  &  AltriXy  jigillo  fuo 
publico  Literas  Jyngraphis  nofiris  porro  con- 
firmari  jujjit. 

^abamus  in  fu-  Al.  Monro,   S.  S.  T.  D. 
pradiSfo  Athenao  Profeflfor  primarius. 

Jtegio    22^«    die 

Juliianno^yEr£  Jo.  Strahan,  S.  S.  T.  D. 
%2hrifiiana  1690.  cjufdemque  Profcffor. 

D.  Gregorie,  Math.  P. 

T.  Herbertus  Kennedy, 
P.P. 


L.  S.  J.  Drummond,  H.  L.  p. 

Tho:  Burnet>  Ph.  P. 

Robertus  Henderson  , 
B.*  &  Acadcmix  ab 
Archivis,  &c. 

Mr.  ToLAND  having  recciv'd  his  Diploma, 
went  back  to  Glafcow,  where  he  made  but 
a  fhort  ftay.  Upon  his  departure  from  it,  the 
Magiftratcs  of  that  City  gave  him  the  follow- 
ing recommendatory  Letters : 

"WE  the  Magiftrats  of  Glafcow  under- 
**  fubfcribeing,  do  hereby  teftifie  and  declare 
^*  to  all  whom  thefe  prefents  may  concern. 

That  the  bearer  John  Tolland,  Mafter  erf 

*^  Arts, 


tt 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mr.  TOLAND.  ix 

^^  Arts  did  rcfidc  here  for  fome  yearcs  as  a 
^'  Student  at  the  Univerlitie  in  this  Citic,  du- 
*'  reing  which  tyme  he  behaved  himfelf  as  anc 
"  trcw  Protcftant  and  Loyal  Subjcft  5  as  witnefe 
**  owr  hands  at  Glafcow  the  penult  day  of 
"  July  one  thoufand  fcx  hundreth  and  ninetie 
<<  yeares.  And  the  common  Scale  of  Office 
^*  of  the  faid  Citie  is  hereunto  affixt. 

John  Lecke. 
L.S. 

George  Nisbitt. 

FROM  Scotland,  Mr.  Toland  intend- 
ed to  have  returned  into  Ireland,  as  it  appears 
by  the  Certificate  of  the  Univerfity  of  Edin- 
burg :  but  he  altered  his  mind>  and  came  in- 
to England,  "  where  he  liv'd  (5)  in  as  good 
^  Protcftant  Families  as  any  in  the  Kingdom, 
"  till  he  went  to  the  famous  Univerfity  of 
*^  Leiden  in  Holland  to  perfed  his  Studies," 
under  the  celebrated  Spanhemius,  Triglan- 
vius,  &c.  There  he  was  gencroufly  fupport- 
ed  and  maintained  by  fome  eminent  Diftenters 
in  England,  who  had  conceived  great  hopes 
from  his  uncommon  parts,  and  might  flatter 
themfelves  that,  in  time,  he  wou'd  be  fervicc- 
able  to  them  in  the  quality  of  a  Minifter.  For 
he  had  liv'd  in  their  communion  ever  fincc 
he  forfook  Popery  5  as  he  owns  himfelf  in  a 
Pamphlet  printed  in  the  year  1697 •[ "  Mr.  To- 
land, 


cc 


0)  ^1^,  p.  17. 

Digitized 


by  Google 


4C 


X  THE     LIFE    OF 

«^  LAND,  (fays  he  (6)  in  atifwcr  to  the  impu- 
tation of  being  a  rigid  Noncanf0rmi/i)yV/ill 
«  never  deny  but  the  real  iimplicity  of  the 
*^  Diflenters  Worfhip,  and  the  feeming  equi- 
^  ty  of  tbcir  Difcipline  (into  which  being  fo 
*^  young  he  could  not  diftin£tly  penetrate)  did 
"  gain  extraordinarily  upon  his  affedions,  juft 
"  as  he  was  newly  deliver  d  from  the  infup- 
"  portable  yoke  of  the  moft  pompous  and  ty- 
"  rannical  Policy  that  ever  cnflaved  mankind 
"  under  the  name  or  fhew  of  Religion.    But 
"  when  greater  experience   and  more  years 
"  had  a  little  ripen'd  his  judgment,  he  eafily 
*^  perceiv'd  that  the  Differences  were  not  fo 
*^  wide  as  to  appear  irreconcileable,  or  at  leaft, 
^  that  men  who  were  found  Proteftants  on 
**  both  fides,  fbould  barbaroufly  cut  one  ano- 
^  thcrs  t?hroat$,  or  indeed  give  any  difturbancc 
^  to  the  fociety  about  them.     And  asfoon  as 
*^  he  underftood  the  late  heats  and  animoii- 
^  ties  did  not  totally  (if  at  all)  proceed  from 
**  a  concern   for  mere  Religion,  he  allowed 
"  himfelf  a  latitude  in  feveral  things,   that 
"  would  have  been  matter  of  fcruplc  to  him 
*^  before.     His  travels  increased,  and  the  ftudy 
*^  of  Ecclefiaftical  Hiftory  perfefted  this  difpo- 
^  fition,  wherein  he  continues  to  this  hour: 
*^  for,   whatever  his  own   opinion  of  thofc 
*^  Differences  be,  yet  he  finds  fo  eflentiaJ  an 
^  Agreement  between  tlie   French,   DiEtch^ 
«  Englifti,  Scotifli,  and  other  Proteftants,  that 

«  he's 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.   TOLANEh  xi 

^'  he's  refolv'd  never  to  lofe  the  benefit  of 
"  an  inftrudive  Difcourfc  in  any  of  their 
" .  Churches  upon  that  fcore ;  and  it  muft  b?  a 
"  civil  not  a  religious  intereft  that  can  engage 
"  him  againft  any  of  thcfe  Parties,  not  think- 
^^  ing  all  their  private  notions  wherein  they 
^^  dilagree  worth  endangering,  much  left  fub- 
"  verting,  the  publick  Peace  of  a  Nation.  If 
"  this,  purfues  he^  makes  a  man  a  Noncon- 
^*  formift,  then  Mr.  Toland  is  one  unquef- 
^'  tionaWy. 

IN  the  year  1692,  Mr.  Daniel  Wil- 
liams, a  Diflcnting  Minifter,  having  publifh'd 
a  Book  intitled  :  Gofpel  Truth  Jiated  andf 
vindicated  I  wherein  fbme  of  ©r.  Crisp's 
Opinions  are  confidere/y  and  the  oppofite  truths 
are  plainly  jiated  and  confirmed  5  Mr.  Toland 
fent  it  to  the  Author  of  the  Bibliotheque  Uni- 
verfelUy  and  defir'd  him  to  give  an  Abftraft 
of  it  in  that  Journal :  at  the  fame  time,  he 
related  to  him  the  Hiftory  of  that  Boc^,  and 
of  the  Controverfy  it  referred  to.  The  Jour- 
nalift  comply'd  with  his  requeft  i  and  to  the 
Abftrad  of  Mr.  Williams's  Book,  he  prefixed 
the  Letter  he  had  received  from  Mr.  To- 
land, whom  he  ftyles  Student  in  divi- 
nity (7). 

AFTER  having  fojourn'd  about  two  years 
at  Leiden,  he  came  back  into  Englandj  and 

fooa 

(7)  SlUMeqHellniverfelkf  Tom,  xxiiLp.  505. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


xu  THE   LIFE    OF 

foon  after  went  to  Oxford  5  where  befides  the 
Converfation  of  learned  Men,  who  have  never 
been  wanting  in  that  famous  Univcrfity,  he 
had  the  advantage  of  the  publick  Library. 
He  colleded  materials  upon  various  fubjeds, 
and  composed  fome  Pieces ,  among  others  a 
^ijfertation  wherein  he  proves  the  received 
Htftory  of  the  tragical  T)eath  of  Atilius 
Regulus,  the  Roman  Conful,  to  be  a  fable 
(8).  And  here  he  begun  to  (hew  his  inclina- 
tion for  Paradoxes,  and  the  pleafure  he  took 
in  oppofing  traditional  and  commonly  re- 
ceived Opinions :  which  humour  is  often  be- 
neficial to  the  Public,  as  it  promotes  the  dif- 
covery  of  truth,  which  feldom  or  never  fufFers 
by  a  free  examination.  Mr.  Toland  owns 
himfelf  indebted  for  this  notion  to  Palme- 
Rius:  who  has  examined  that  fubjed,  in  his 
Obfervations  on^  feveral  Greek  Authors  {9). 
If  the  ingenious  Abbe  de  Vertot  had  feen 
that  learned  and  judicious  performance  of  Pal- 
mer lus,  he  wou  d  not  have  related,  as  a  fad, 
the  tragical  Death  of  that  Conful,  in  his  Re- 
volutions of  the  Roman  Refublick  5  but  have 
looked  upon  it  as  a  Romance. 

THE  fame  byafs  for  Paradoxes,  put  MrTo- 
LAND  upon  another  Work  of  greater  confe- 
quence :  he  undertook  to  prove  that  there  are 

no 

(8)  That  Differtation-  you JI  find  in  this  CoHeBion.  VoL  IL 
ptg.  18. 

(9)  Ohfetvationes  in  ffftimorfer9  Author^s  Gr^cos.  pag*  147, 

1511  &  feqq* 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mr.  T  O  L  A  N  D.  xiU 

no  Myfteries  in  the  Chriftian  Religion,  But 
he  kit  Oxford  in  1695,  before  that  Book  was 
finifh'd  i  and  came  to  London,  where  he  pub- 
lifh'd  it  the  next  year,  under  the  title  of  Chri- 
ft i unity  not  Myfterious  \  or^  a  Treatife  fbew- 
ingj  that  there  is  nothing  in  the  Gofpel  con- 
trary  to  Reafon,  nor  above  it :  and  that  no 
Chriftian  ^o6frine  can  be  properly  caltd  a 
Myftery. 

T  O  affirm  that  the  Chriftian  Religion  has 
no  Myfteries^  or  nothing  above  Reafon^  muft 
indeed  appear  a  ftrange  Paradox :  but  as  wc 
ought  not  to  be  prejudiced  or  frighten'd  with 
words,  let  us  examine  our  Author's  intent 
and  meaning. 

THE  word  Myftery y  fays  he,  is  always  us'd 
in  the  New  Tcftament  for /^  thing  intelligible 
in  it  ft  If y  but  which  could  not  be  known  with- 
out fpecial  Revelation.  And  to  prove  that 
after tion,  he  examines  all  the  pafla^es  of  the 
New  Teftament  where  the  word  myftery  oc*- 
cursi  and  ftiews,  firft,  that  Myftery  is  read 
for  the  Gofpel  or  th^  Chriftian  Religion  in 
general,  as  it  was  a  future  difpenfation  totally 
hid  from  the  Gentiles,  and  but  very  impcr- 
feftly  known  to  the  Jews  :  fecondly,  that  fomc 
peculiar  Dodrines  occasionally  reveal'd  by  the 
Apoftles,  are  faid  to  he  mamf eft ed  Myfteries^ 
that  is,  unfolded  fccrets :  and  thirdly,  that 
Myftery  is  put  for  any  thing  vail'd  under 
parables,  or  enigmati<;al  forms  of  fpeech.    - 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


xiv  THE    LJFE    OF 

AND  to  fct  this  matter  in  a  clearer  light, 
lie  obfervcs,  that  as  in  the  phenomena  of 
Nature,  we  neither  call  Myfteries  thofe  things 
which  are  pcrfedly  unknown  to  us,  nor  thofe 
whereof  we  can  have  no  adequate  idea  5  the 
fame  way  of  fpeaking  ought  to  be  ufed  in 
religious  matters 5  fince  all  the  reveal'd  truths 
of  the  Chriftian  Religion,  which  it  is  necefla- 
ry  and  beneficial  tor  us  to  know,  can  be 
made  as  clear  and  intelligible  as  natural  things 
which  come  within  our  knowledge  and  com- 
prehenfion :  and  that  the  cafe  is  parallel ,  he 
promised  to  fhew  in  another  work,  and  to  eivc 
a  particular  and  rational  Explanation  of  the 
rejjutid  Myfteries  of  the  GofpeL  But  he  de- 
clares, at  the  fame  time,  that  if  his  Advcrla- 
rics  think  fit  to  call  a  My  ft  cry  j  whatever  is 
cither  abfolutely  unintelligible  to  us,  or  where- 
of we  have  but  inadequate  ideas  5  he  is 
ready  to  admit  as  many  Myfteries  in  Religion 
as  they  pieafe. 

S  O  far,  you'll  fay.  Sir,  there  is  no  great 
harm  done  :  it  is  only  a  difputc  about  words. 
Indeed  he  pretends  that  he  can  give  as  clear 
and  intelligible  an  explanation  of  the  Myfteries 
of  the  Gofpel,  as  'tis  poiTibie  to  give  of  the 
phenomena  of  Nature :  but  do  not  our  Di- 
vines do  the  fame  thing,  in  attempting  to  give 
a  rational  explanation  of  the  Trinity,  the 
greateft  Myftery  of  the  Chriftian  Religi«r 
on  ?  Such  explanations  are  the  teft  of  the 
foundnefs  of  their  Dodriac :  and  who  knows 

but 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mr.   TOLAND.  xv 

but  Mr.  Toland's  explanacion,  had  he  given 
one,  might  have  been  orthodox  i 

1  T  had  been  happy  for  Mr.  Toland,  if  eve* 
ry  body  had  Entertained  the  fame  favouribk* 
fentiments  of  this  work,  as  you  do.  But  it 
proy'd  otherwife.  His  Trcatife  alarm'd  the 
Public,  and  fcveral  Books  came  out  a«;ainft  it. 
Mr.  Beconsall  publifh'd.  The  Chrinian  Be- 
lief: wherein  is  ajfertedand  pro^veay  That  ai 
there  is  nothing  in  the  Gofpel  conftary  t$Rea- 
fifty  yet  there  are  fime  T^oBrines  in  it  above 
Reafon ;  and  thefe  being  necejfarily  enjoyrid 
US  to  believe y  are  properly  caltd  Myjreries  5 
in  Anfwer  to  a  Book  intituledy  Chriftianity 
not  Myftctious.  Mr.  Beverley,  a  Presbyte- 
rian Miniftcr,  put  out  a  Pamphlet  intitled, 
Chrifiiunity  the  great  Myftery :  in  AnJ^er  to 
a  late  Treatifiy  Chriftianity  not  MyfterioUSi 
that  iSy  not  above,  nor  contrary  to  Reafon. 
In  oppofition  to  which  is  ajfertedy  Chfi^ianity 
is  above  created  Reafiny  in  its  pure  efiate  % 
and  contrary  to  human  Reafon  y  as  fallen 
and  corrupted 'y  and  therefore  in  a  proper Jenfe 
Myftery.  Together  with  a  Tofifitipt  Letter 
to  the  Author y  on  his  ficond  editii^n  enlarged. 
It  was  alfo animadverted  upon  by  Mr.  N0RR1&, 
in  his  Account  of  Reafon  and  Faith  in  relation 
to  the  Myfleries  of  Chriftianity :  by  Mr.  Elys 
in  his  Letter  to  Sir  Robert  Howard,  with 
Akimadverfions  upon  aBooky  calledy  Chrifti- 
anity not  Myfterious :  by  Dr.  Payne,  in  fomc 
Sermons  preach'd  at  Cambridge :  by  Dr.  Stil- 
ling- 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


xvi  THE     LIFE     OF 

I.INGFLEET,  Bifhop  of  Worccftcr,  in  his  Vith 
die  at  ion  of  the  T>o6frine  nf  the  Trinity  y  &c: 
by  the  Author  of  the  Occajional  Taper^ 
Numb.  Ill:  by  Mr.  Miller,  in  his  T^ifcourfe 
of  QonfciencCy  &c:  byMr.  Gailhard>  in  his 
Book  againft  the  Socinians:  by  Mr.  Synge  in 
his  Appendix  to  the  Gentleman's  Religion  y 
&c  It  was  even  prefented  by  the  Grand  Jury 
of  Middlcfcx :  but  thofe  Prcfentments  have 
feldom  any  other  efFcd  than  to  make  a  Book 
fell  the  better,  by  publifhing  it  thus  to  the 
World,  and  tempting  the  Curiofity  of  Men, 
who  are  naturally  inclined  to  pry  into  what  is 
forbidden  them. 

Mr.  ToLAND  publifh'd  the  fame  Year,  A 
"Difcourfe  upon  Coins  by  Signor  Bernardo 
Davanzati,  a  Gentleman  of  Florences  being 
publicklyjpoken  in  the  Academy  there  y  anno 
1588.  Trmflated  out  of  Italianj  by  John 
ToLAND.  in  the  Preface,  Mr,  Toland  ob- 
fervcs  that  Signor  1>avanzati,  was  every 
way  qualified  to  perform  his  undertaking,  be- 
ing famous  for  natural  and  acquired  pwts,  not 
only  converfant  in  Trade,  and  one  of  the  beft 
Arithmeticians  of  his  time  5  but  likewife  an 
able  Politician,  as  appears  by  his  admir'd  Tran- 
slation of  Tacitus,  and  his  own  Original 
Compofitions.  Mr,  Toland  judg'4  it  pro- 
per to  publilh  his  T^ifcourfe  upon  Coins  ^t  a 
time,  when  the  clipping  of  Money  was  be- 
come a  National  grievance,  and  feveral  Mcr 
thpds  were  proposed  %o  ycin^dy  that  ^viU 

His 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


MnTOLAND.  xvU 

HIS  Chriftianity  not  My  ft  er tons  being 
feat  into  Ireland,  by  the  London  Bookfellers, 
you  may  eafily  imagine  it  made  no  lefs  noifc 
there  than  in  England :  but  the  clamour  was 
much  cncreafed,  when  he  went  thither  him- 
fclf  towards  the  beginning  of  the  year  1697. 

"  I N  my  laft  to  you,  fays  Mr.  Molyneux 
"  in  one  of  his  Letters  to  Mr.  Locke  (10), 
'^  there  was  a  palTage  relating  to  the  Author 
*^  of  Chriftianity  not  Myfterious.  I  did  not 
^^  then  think  that  he  was  fp  near  mc,  as 
*^  within  the  bounds  of  this  City  5  but  1  find 
**  lincc  that  he  is  come  over  hither,  and  have 

*^  had  the  favour  of  a  vifit  from  him 

**  I  propofe  i  great  deal  of  fatisfadion  in  his 
"  Converfaticin ^    i  take  him  to  be  a  candid, 
'^  Free -Thinker,    and  a  good  Scholar.     But 
'^  there  is  a  violent  fort  of  fpirit  reigns  here, 
"  which  begins  already  to  fhew  itfclf  againft. 
'^  him  5  and  I  believe,  will  increafe  daily  5  for 
*^  I  find  the  Clergy  alarmed  to  a  mighty  de- 
**  grec  againft'  him..    And  laft  Sunday  he  had 
"  his  welcome  to  this  City,  by  hearing  him- 
"  felf  harangued  agaihft,   out  of  the  Pulpit,^ 
**  by  a  Prelate  of  this  Country." 

Mr.  ToLAND  himfclf  tells  us,  that  "  he  was 

(11)  fcarcely  arrived  in  that  Country,  when 

*B  ''he 


it 


(10)  April  <,  1(^97- 
(IX)  ^A^|6cc.  p.  4r 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


xviu  THE    LIFE    OF 

'^  he  found  himfclf  warmly  attacked  from 
^'  the  Pulpit,  which  at  the  beginning  could 
^'  not  but  ftartle  the  people,  who  till  then 
^'  were  equal  ftrangers  to  him  and  his  Book  5 
^'  yet  they  became  in  a  little  time  fo  well 
"  accuftom'd  to  this  fubjeft,  that  it  was  as 
*^  much  expefted  of  courfe  as  if  it  had  been 
"  prcfcrib'd  in  the  Kubrick/' 

HIS  indifcreet  behaviour  did  not  a  little 
contribute  to  exafperate  them  againft  him* 
*^  To  be  free,  and  without  refervc  to  you, 
^^  Jays  Mr.  Molyneux  to  Mr.  Locke  (12), 
^^  I  do  not  think  his  Management,  itnce  he 
"  came  into  this  City,  has  been  fo  prudent. 
"  He  has  rais'd  againft  him  the  clamours  of 
^^  all  parties ;  and  this,  not  fo  much  by  his 
"  Difference  in  Opinion,  as  by  his  unfeafon- 
^^  able  way  of  difcourfing,  propagating  and 
^'  maintaining  it.  Coffee-houfes,  and  pub- 
**  lie  Tables,  are  not  proper  places  for  fe- 
*'  rious  difcourfes  relating  to  the  moft  impor- 
^'  tant  truths.  But  when  alfo  a  Tinfture  of 
"  Vanity  appears  in  the  whole  courfe  of  a 
*'  man  s  Converfation,  it  difgufts  many,  that 
"  may  otherwife  have  a  due  value  for  his 
*'  Parts  and  Learning." 

Mr.  ToLAND  indeed  gives  us  a  different 
account  of  himfclf:  he  fays,  that  ^'  fo  far  (i  3) 

t  wa? 


(la)  May  »7»  i<>7' 

(13)  Aphgi^  p.  ^ 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mr.    T  O  L  A  N  D.  xix 

"  y}^  he  from  making  his  Opinions  the  fub- 
^^  jcft  of  his  cominon  talk,  that,  notwith- 
**  {landing  repeated  provocations,  he  pur- 
•*  pofcly  declined  fpcaking  of  'em  at  allj 
**  \i^bich  made  his  Adverfaries  (who  flipt  no 
**  handle  of  decrying  him)  infinuate,  that  he 
^^  was  not  the  real  Author  of  the  Piece  going 
"  under  his  name. 

HOWEVER  it  be,  "when  (i+)  this 
"  r^ugh  handling  of  him  in  the  Pulpit  (where 
"  be  could  not  have  word  about)  prov'd  in- 
^^  %nificant,  the  Gratid  Jury  was  follicited  to 
^^  prcfent  him  for  a  Book  that  was  written 
^^  and  publiftied  in  England.  And  to  gain 
'*  the  readier  compliance,  the  Prefcntment  of 
<^  the  Grand  Jury  of  Middlcfex  was  printed 
"  in  Dublin  with  an  cmphaticai  Title,  and 
"  ery'd  about  the  ftreets.  So  Mr.  Toland 
"  was  accordingly  prefcnted  there  the  laft  day 
'^  of  the  Term  in  the  Court  of  KingVBench, 
^*  the  Jurors  not  grounding  their  proceeding 
"  upon  any  particular  Paffagcs  of  his  Book, 
*^  which  moft  of  'em  never  read,  and  tho^^- 
**  that  did  confefs'd  not  to  undcrftand. 

A  T  that  time,  Mr.  Peter  Brown,  fcnior 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College  near  Dublin,  pub- 
lilh'd  a  Book  againft  Mr.  Toland,  call'd, 
ji  Letter  in  Anfwer  to  a  Book,  entitukd^ 
CUriflianity  not  Myfterious:  as  alfo  to  all 
♦B  2  thofe 

(14)  IViL  p.  5,  d. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


XX  T  H  E    L  I  F  E     O  F 

thoje  who  fet  up  for  Reafon  and  Evidence 
inoppofitton  to  Revelation  and  My  fiery.  This 
Letter  contributed  very  much  to  enflame  all 
forts    of   people    againft    Mr.    To  land. 
Mr.  Brown  reprefented  him  as  a  mofi  in- 
veterate enemy  to  all  reveal d  Religion^   a 
Rnight-errant^  one  who  openly  affe^ed  to  be 
the  Head  of  a  Se£iy  and  dejign'd  to  be  as  fa- 
mous an  Impojlor  as  Mahomet:   but  being 
fcnfiblc   that  all  thefe  fuggeftions  cou'd  not 
hurt  his  perfon,   he  did,   as  much  as  in  him 
lay,  deliver  him  into  the  hands  of  the  civil 
Magiftrate.     Mr.  Brown  was  afterwards 
made  Bifhop  of  Cork ;  and  I  am  told  Mr.  To- 
LAND  ufed  to  fay,  he  had  made  him  a  Bijbop. 
It  is  the  fame  perfon,  who,  becaufc  he  cou'd 
not  bear,  as  'tis  prefum'd,  that  people  fhou'd 
drink  to  the  Memory  of  King  William, 
wrote  a  Pamphlet  againft  drinking  to  the  Me- 
mory of  any  perfon,  as  being  a  prophanation 
of  the  Lord's  Supper  5   and  at  laft,  was  driven 
to  condemn  drinking  any  Healths  at  all :  for 
which  he  had  the  Authority  of  the  famous 
William, Prynne,    who  publifh'd  in  1628, 
a  Book  '  entitled,    Healths   Sicknefs :    or  a 
compendious  and  brief  difcourfej  proving  the 
drinking-,  and  pledging  of  Healths ,  to  be  fihful 
and  utterly  unlawful  unta  ChriJiianSy  ice.  He 
had  alfo  the  Autliority  of  John  Geree,  M.  A. 
and  Paftoy  of  St.  Faith's  in  London,  who  put 
out   ia   1648  a   Pamphlet,    caird :     ®UQ(pccf- 
pcLXQv :  a  divine  Totim  t(^  preferve  fpiritual 
Htdthy   by   the  cure  of  unnatural  Health- 

dtink- 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mr.  TOLAND.  xxi 

drinking.  Or  an  exercife  wherein  theEvill 
of  Health-drinking  is  by  clear  and  folid  Ar- 
guments convinced.  Written  for  the  fa- 
ttsfaEtion ,  and  puhlijbed  by  the  direSiion 
of  a  godly  Parliament '  man.  But  this  by 
the  by. 

Mr.  MoLYNEUx  fcnt  Mr.  Brown's  Book 
to  Mr.  Locke  s  and  in  a  Letter  to  him,  he 
makes  fome  very  judicious  refle^ons  both  up- 
on that  work,  and  the  Grand  Jury's  proceed-' 
ings  againft  Mr.  Toland.  Mr.  Toi^and^ 
fays  he  {ii\  **  has  had  his  oppofers  here, 
"  as  you  will  find  by  a  Book  which  I  have 

^^  fent  you The  Author  is  my  ac- 

"  quaintance  j  but  two  things  I  (hall  never 
"  forgive  in  his  Book  i  the  one  is,  the  foul 
^^  language  and  opprobrious  names  he  gives 
"  Mr.  ToLANP  5  the  other  is,  upon  feveral 
*^  occafions,  calling  in  the  aid  of  the  Civil 
"  Magiftrate,  and  delivering  Mr.  Toland  up 
"  to  fecular  Punifhment.  This  indeed  is  a 
**  killing  Argument  i  but  fome  will  be  apt  to 
^  fay.  That  where  the  ftrength  of  his  Reafon 
"  fail'd  him,  there  he  flies  to  the  ftrength  of 
^*  the  Sword.  And  this  minds  me  of  a  bufi- 
^*  ne(s  that  was  very  (Urprizing  to  many,  even 
^'  feveral  Prelates  in  this  place,  the  Prefent- 
*'  ment  of  fome  pernicious  ^ooks,  and  their 
"  Authors,  by  the  Grand  jury  of  Middlefex. 
^*  This  is  look'd  upon  as  a  matter  of  dange- 
*B  3  '^wus 

C15)  Julyao,  i(Jj7-  o,.t,zed.vGoogle 


xxu  THE    LIFE    OF 

^*  rous  confcqucncc,  to  make  our  Civil  Comts 
"  Judges  of  Religious  Dodrincs ;  and  no  one 
"  knows,   upon  a  change  of  Affairs,  whofe 
"  turn  it  may  be  next  to  be  condemned.  But 
"  the  example   has   been    followed   in   our 
"  Country  5  and  Mr.  Toland,  and  his  Book, 
*^  have  been  prefented  here,   by  the  Grand 
**  Jury,  not  one  of  which  (I  am  perfuaded) 
"  ever  read  one  leaf  in  Chrijiianity  not  My- 
^^  Jlerious.    Let  the  Sorbone  for  ever  now 
**  be  filent  5    a  learned  Grand  Jury,  diredcd 
*^  by  as  learned  a  Judge,  does  the  bufincfs 
^*  much  better.   The  Diflcnters  here  were  the 
^*  chief  promoters  of  this  matter  i  but,  when 
**  I  asked   one  of  them,   what  if   a  violent 
"  Church  of  England  Jury  fhould   prefent 
'*  Mr.  B  A  X  T  E  r's  Books,  as  pernicious,  and 
**  condemn  them  to  the  flames  by  the  coin- 
*^  mon  executioner  ?    He  was  fenfiblc  of  the 
*'  error,   and  faid,   he  wifljed  it  had  never 
^J  been  done"* 

Mn  ToLAND,  It  fecms,  was  dreaded  in 
Ireland,  as  a,moft  formidable  enemy  of  Chri- 
ftianity,  a  fecond  Goliath,  who  at  the  head 
of  the  Philiftines  defied  the  Armies  of  Ifrael  % 
in  fo  much,  that,  as  he  relates  it  himf?lf, 
**  in  a  few  days  (16)  after  the  Lords  Juftices 
**  of  that  Kingdom  landed,  the  Recorder  of 
•'  Dublin,  Mr.  Hancock,  in  his  cougratula- 
^^  tory  Harangue  in  the  name  of  his  Corpo- 

\^  ration, 

(Id)  A^oUgj^  p.  7. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.  TOLAND.  xxm 

'*  ration^  bcgg'd  their  Lordlhips  wou'd  pro 
^^  tcft  the  Church  from  all  its  enemies,  but 
^^  particularly  from  the  Tolandists.** 

B  U  T  to  give  the  laft  and  finifhmg  ftroke 
to  Mr.  T gland's  Book,  fome  people  con-, 
eluded   to  bring  it  before  the  Parliament. 
*^  And  therefore  (17)  on  Saturday  the  14^  day 
**  of  Auguft,  it  was  mov'd  in  the  Committee 
^^  of  Religion,  that  the  Book  entitul'd,  O&ri- 
'^  ftianity  not  Myfterious^  fhould  be  brought 
*^  before  them,  and  accordingly  it  was  or- 
<^  der'd  that  the  faid  Book  fliQuld  the  Satur- 
^^  day  following  be  brought  into  the  Com- 
^'  mittee.    That  day  the  Committee  fat  not ; 
^  but  the  next  Saturday,  which  was  the  28*^* 
<*  day  of  Auguft,  there  met  a  very  full  Com- 
^  mittee,  wherein  this  bufinefs  was  a  great 
**  while  debated.     Several  perfons  eminent 
^  ibr  their  birth,  good  qualities,  or  fortunes, 
<^  oppos'd  the  whole  Proceeding,  being  of  o- 
^^  pinion  it  was  neither  proper  nor  convenient 
^^  for  them  to  meddle  with  a  thing  of  that 
*^  nature.    But  when  this  point  was  without 
^  much  argument  carried  againft  them,  they 
'^  inMed  that  the  Paffages  which  gave  offence 
^^  in  the  Book  fhould  be  read ;   and  then  the 
^  Committee  was  adjourn'd  till  the  4*^  of 
**  Sqptember.  That  day,  after  feveral  Gentle- 
^  men  had  fpoke  to  the  Objeftions  made  to 
^  fome  Paffages  in  the  Book,  they  urg'd  at 
*B  4  \'  laft 

07)  HM.  ^aa,aJ,»4•  ^   _^  CoooIp 

Digitized  by  VjOOV  IC 


XXIV  THE    LIFE    OF 

**  laft,  according  to  Mr-  Toland's  own  dc- 

*'  fire,  that  he  fhould  be  caird  to  anfwcr  in 

*^  perfon,  to  declare  the  fenfe  of  his  Book, 

^^  and  his  defign  in  writing  it.     But  this  fa- 

**  vour  being  peremptorily   dcny'd ,    an  ho- 

"  nourable  Member  went  to  the  Bar,  and  of- 

*^  fer'd  a  Letter  to  be  read  which  he  had  re- 

'^  ceiv'd  that  morning  from  Mr.  Toland, 

*'  containing  what  fatisfadion  he  intended  to 

"  give  the  Committee,  had  they  thought  fit 

"  to  let  him  fpeak  for  himfelf.     But  this  was 

*^  likewife  refus'd,  and  the  Committee  came 

"  immediately  to  thofe  Refolutions,  to  which 

*^  the  Houfe  agreed,   after  fome  Debate  on 

"  Thurfday  following,  being  the  9*^  of  Scp- 

^^  tember,  viz.  That  the  Book  entitutd^  Chri- 

"  ftianity  not  Myfterious,  containing  fever d 

*^  Heretical  T)otirines  contrary  to  the  Chri- 

fiian  Religion  and  the  ejiahlijh'd  Church 

of  Irelana,  be  publickly  burnt  by  the  hands 

of  the  common  Hangman.    Likewife,  That 

"  the  Author  thereof  ]o\ii!iToL,iM\>  betaken 

^^  into  the  cuftody  of  the  Serjeant  at  ArmSy 

^'  and  be  profecuted  by  Mr.  Attorney  Gene- 

^  raly  for  writing  and  publishing  the  faid 

^'  Book.    They  order  d  too.  That  an  Addrefs 

^^  Jbould  be  made  to  the  Lords  Juftices  to 

<«  give  T^ireBions   that  no  more  Copies  of 

^^  that  Book  be  brought  into  the  Kingdom^ 

"  and  to  prevent  the  felling  of  thofe  already 

imported.  Their  Sentence  was  executed  on 

the  Book  the  Saturday  following,    which 

was  the  1 1^^  of  September,  before  the  Par- 

^[  liamcnt: 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


u 


€C 


€( 


Mr.  TOLAND.  xxv 

^'  liamcnt-Houfc  Gate,  and  alfo  in  the  open 
*'  ftrect  before  the  Town-Houfc  5  the  Sheriffs 

*'  and  all  the  Conftables  attending/' 

UPON  this,   Mr.  Toland   very  wifely 
took  his  way  back  into  England.     «  Mr.  To- 
'^  LAND,  fays  Mr.  Molyneux    to  Mr. 
^'  Locke  (18),  is,   at  laft,    driven  out  of 
'^  our    Kingdoms   the  poor   Gentleman   by 
"  his    imprudent   Management,    had   raifed 
"  fuch  an  univerfal  Outcry,  that  it  was  even 
'*  dangerous  for  a  man  to  have  been  known 
"  once  to  convcrfe  with  him.      This  made 
"  all  men  wary  of  reputation  decline  feeing 
"  him  5  in  fo  much  that  at  laft  he  wanted  a 
"  meal's-meat  (as  I  am  told)  and  none  would 
"  admit  him  to  their  tables.  The  little  ftock 
^'  of  Money  which  he  brought  into  this  Coun- 
**  trey  being  exhaufted,  he  fell  to  borrowing 
'^  from  any  one  that  would  lend  him  half  a 
^*  Crown,   and  run  in  debt   for  his  Wigs 
^*  Cloaths,  and  Lodging,  (as  I  am  informed  i) 
'^  and  laft    of    all,     to  compleat  his  hard- 
^'  (hips,   the  Parliament  fell  on  his    Book, 
^  voted  it  to  be  burnt  by  the  common  hang- 
^*  man,   and  ordered  the  Author  to  be  taken 
<*  into  Cuftody  of  the  Serjeant  at  Arms,  and 
^'  to  be  profecuted  by  the  Attorney-General 
««  at  Law.    Hereupon  he  is  fled  out  of  this 
*'  Kingdom,  and  none  here  knows  where 
^  he  has  directed  his  Courfc-^ 

Dr. 
<i8)  Sept.  II.  itfp7« 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


xxvi  THE   LIFE    OF 

Dr.  South  was  Co  well  plcas'd  with  this 
condud  of  the  Irifli  Parliament,  that  he  com- 
plemented the  Archbifliop  of  Dublin  upon 
it,  in  the  Dedication  of  his  third  Volume  of 
Sermons^  printed  in  1698.  After  having  con- 
demned our  remiflhefs  here  in  England,  for 
bearing  witii  Dr.  Sherlock,  whofe  notions 
of  the  Trinity  he  charges  with  Herefyj  he 
adds,  ^*  But  on  the  contrary  amongft  you, 
^^  when  a  certain  Mahometan  Chriftian  (nc^ 
^^  new  thing  of  late),  notorious  for  his  blat 
"  phemous  denial  of  the  Myfteries  of  0^ 
^^  Religion,  and  his  infufferable  virulence 
*^  againft  the  whole  Chriftian  Trtefiheody 
*^  thought  to  have  found  fhelter  amongft  you, 
^^  the  Parliament  to  their  immortal  Honour, 
**  prefently  fent  him  packing,  and  without 
^*  the  help  of  a  Faggot  foon  made  the  King- 
*^  dom  too  Hot  for  him.'' 

A  S  foon  as  he  was  in  London,  he  publifh'd 
an  apologetical  Recount  of  the  treatment  he 
had  received  in  Ireland,  intitled:  An  Apolo- 
gy for  Mr.  ToLAND,  in  a  Letter  from  him- 
filj  to  a  Member  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
in  Ireland  I  written  the  day  before  his  Book 
was  refohfd  to  be  burnt  by  the  Committee 
of  Retigion.  To  which  is  prefixed  a  Narra^ 
five  containing  the  occa/ion  of  thefaid  Let^^ 
ter. 

IN 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.   TOLAND.  xxvi- 

IN  the  year  1698,  after  the  Peace  of  Ryf- 
wick>  there  arofe  a  great  difpute  among  our 
Politicians,  concerning  tlie  forces  to  be  kept 
on  foot,  for  the  quiet  and  fecurity  of  the  na- 
tion. Several  Pamphlets  came  out  on  that 
fubjcd :  fome  for,  others  againft^  a  (landing 
Army.  Mr.  Toland  proposed  to  reform  the 
Militia,  in  a  Pamphlet,  intitled  :  ne  Militia 
Reformed  \  or  an  eafy  Scheme  of  furnifhing 
Evglaiki  with  a  confiant  Land  ForcCy  capa- 
ble to  prevent  or  to  fubdue  any  fore  in  Tower  ^ 
and  to  maintain  ferpetval  quiet  at  home^ 
without  endangering  the  fublick  Liberty. 
In  8«. 

THE  fame  year  he  published  the  Life  of 
John  Milton,  which  was  prefixed  to  his 
Works  colleded  together  (except  the  Poetical 
part^  m  three  volumes  in  folio  5  the  two  firft 
attaining  the  Englifli,  and  the  third  the  La- 
tin Pieces.  It  was  alfoprinted  feparately  in 
$%  with  this  title:  The  Life  ^  John 
MiLTQ]^,  contmningy  bejides  the  Hiflory  of 
l^s-Wg^hSy  fenjeral  extraordinary  CharaBers 
of  Mfny  of  Books  J  Se£tsy  Tarties,  and  Op- 
nioMS.  There,  fp^aking  of  Milton's  Icono- 
fiajiesy  he  not  oiily  gave  an  account  of  that 
performance,  as  his  plan  requires!  he  (hould  5 
hut  he  thought  fit  likewife  to  enter  upon  the 
Controverfy,  that  had  been  lately  carry'd  on 
with  great  heat  concerning  the  Author  of /r^?;^ 
Bajilih,  and  to  fum  up  and  enforce  the  ar- 
guments 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


xxviu  THE  LIFE    OF 

gumcnts  of  thofc  who  dcny'd  it  to  be  a  pro-^ 
duftion  of  King  Charles  L  In  the  clofc  of  < 
that  digrcffion  he  fhcw'd  by  what  nice  and 
unforcfcen  accidents  this  notorious  impofturey 
as  he  calls  it,  happened  to  be  difcovcr'd  i  and 
from  thence  took  occafion  to  make  the  fol* 
lowing  obfcrvation  : 

"  WH  E  N.  I  fcrioufly  confider,y2y'^  he  (19), 
^^  how  all  this  happened  among  ourfelves  with- 
"  in  the  compafs  of  forty  years,  in  a  time  of 
"  great  Learning  and  Politenefs,  when  both 
"  Parties  fo  narrowly  watch'd  over  one  ano- 
"  ther's  anions,  and  what  a  great  Revolution  in 
*'  civil  a'nd  religious  Affaurs  was  partly  occa,- 
"  fidn'd  by  the  credit  of  that  Book,  I  ceafe  to 
"  wonder  any  longer  how  fo  many  fuppofiti- 
"  tious  pieces  under  the  name  of  Christ,  his 
*'  Apoftles,  and  other  great  Perfons,  fhould  be 
*^  publiflied  and  approv'd  inthofe  primitive 
*^  times,  when  it  was  of  fo  much  importance 
'^  to  have  'em  believ'd  5  when  the  Cheats  were 
*^  too  many  on  all  fides  for  them  to  reproach 
^'  one  another,  which  yet  they  often  did  5  when 
**  Commerce  was  not  near  fo  general  as  now, 
"  and  the  whole  earth  intkely  over-fpread 
"  with  the  darknefs  of  Superftition.  I  doubt 
*^  rather  the  Spurioufnefs  of  feveral  more  fuch 
"  Books  is  yet  undifcover'd,  thro'  the  remote- 
'^  nefs  of  thofe  Ages,  the  death  of  the  Perfons 

con^ 

(19)  2^?  Life  of  Mr.  John  Milton,  pgg.  pit  9t« 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.   T  O  L  A  N  D.  xxix  i 


"  concerned,  and  the  decay  of  other  Monu- 
''  mcnts  which  might  give  true  Information. 

THIS  paffagc  was  cenfur'd  by  Mr.  Of- 
SPRING  Blackall,  then  Chaplain  in  ordi- 
nary to  the  King,  and  afterwards  Bifliop  of  Ex- 
cctcr,  in  a  Sermon  preached  on  the  30*^  of 
January  following  before  the  Houfc  of  Com- 
mons. After  exclaiming  againft  the  Author 
of  MiJLTON's  Life  for  denying  Icon  BaJUike 
to  be  the  compofurc  of  King  Charles  1 5 
he  purfued  his  accufation  in  thefe  terms  : "  We 
^'  may  ceafe  to  wonder  fays  he  (20),  that 
^^  he  Ihould  have  the  boldnefs,  without  proof, 
"  and  againft  proof,  to  deny  the  Authority 
*^  of  this  Book,  who  is  fuch  an  Infidel  as  to 
**  doubt,  and  is  fhamelefs  and  impudent  c- 
**  nough,  even  in  print,  and  in  a  Chriftian 
"  Country,  publickly  to  affront  our  holy  Re- 
*'  hgiony  by  declaring  his  doubt,  thzt  feveral 
"  Tieces  under  the  Name  of  Christ  and  his 
*^  ApofileSy  (he  muft  mean  thofe  now  receivV. 
*^  by  the  whole  Chriftian  Church,  for  I  knoi^y 
•  **  of  no  other)  are  fuppojititious  ^  tho*  thro' 
'^  the  remotenefs  of  thofe  AgeSy  theDeat/j  of 
"  the  Terfons  concerned,  ana  the  d^cay  of  other 
'*.  Monuments  which  might  give  us  true  Infor- 
^'  mationy  the  fpurioufnefs  thereof  is  ye  t  undif 
"  covefd. ''  Thus,  Mr.  Blackall  cha  rged  Mr. 
ToLAND  with  declaring  that  there  w  tizfeve- 

ral 

{^oYA  'Sermon  preached  before  the  honourable      Honfe  of  Com- 
pionsy  J^an.  iothf  idjS-j,  Lond.  idyp.  pag.  i   6. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


I 


MMiM 


XXX  THE    LIFE    OF 

ralTieces  under  the  name  of  Christ  and  his 
ApoftleSy  xhcfpurioufnefs  whereof  he  fufjpeft- 
cd  i  and  from  thence  he  mferr'd  that  Mr.  To- 
LAND  muft  mean  thofe  now  received  by  the 
whole  Chriftian  Churchy  or  the  Books  of  the 
NewTcftamentj  bccaufe  i&^,  Mr.  Bl ackali., 
knew  of  no  other  that  went  under  the  name 
of  Christ  and  his  Apoftles. 

Mr.  ToLAND  thought  fit  to  vindicate  him- 
fclf  from  this  imputation  of  Mr.  Blackali,  : 
and  at  the  fame  time,   he  undertook  to  con- 
fute the  reafons;  which  Mr.WAGSTAFFE  had 
alledgcd,  to  prove  that  King  Charles  I.   was 
the  true  Author  of  Icon  Sajilikej   in  a  Pam- 
phlet  printed  in    1693,   with  this  title:   A 
Vindication  of  Kin^  Charles  the  Martyr^ 
proving  that  his  Majefty  was  the  Author  of 
"EijcAfF  Bai7jXix/w  :  againft  a  Memorandum,yiir/V 
to  be  written  by  the  Earl  of  Anglefey  s  and 
/igainft  the  Exceptions  of  ©r.  Walker, 
^nd  others.    In  anfwer  to  both  thcfe  Authors, 
Hr.  ToLAND  publiQi'd,  Amyntor :  or^  a  jD^- 
feuce  of  Mil  toil's  Life.    Containing^  L 
\A  general  Apology  for  all  Writings  of  that 
kind.     11^  A  Catalogue  of  Books  attributed 
in  the  ^^rimitive  times  to  Jesus  Christ,  his^ 
Apoftles.  and  other  eminent  "Per Jons  :  With 
ftveral important  Remarks  and  Obfervat ions 
relating  to   the  Canon  of  Scripture.     III.  A 
compleat  H  ^i (lory  of  the  Book,  entituN,  Icon 
Bafilike,/r^^  v/>^  ^r.  Gauden,  and  not  King 
"\  "'  Chari*e« 


Digitized 


by  Google 


t€ 


Air.   TOLAND.  xxxi 

Charles  the  firfty  to  be  the  Author  of  it* 
With  an  Anfwer  to  the  FaBs  alledgd  by 
Mr.  Wagstaf  to  the  contrary  ^  and  to  the 
Exceptions  againji  my  Lord  Anglefefs 
Memorandum,  ©r.  Walker's  Bookj  or  Mrs. 
Gauden's  Narrative^  which  loft  Tiece  is 
now  the  firfi  time  publiflyd  at  large. 

I  (hall  not  tike  notice  of  what  Mr.  To^ 
land  obferves  concerning  Icon  BaJUike :  the 
title  of  his  Book  exprcffcs  it  fufficicntly. 
As  .to  Mr.  Blacrall's  charge,  after  having 
tranfcrib'd  the  paflage  in  the  LifeofMiLTOU 
excepted  againft,  *^  Here  then,y2r/j  he  (21), 

in  the  firft  place,  it  is  plain,  that,  I  fay,  a 
'^  great  many  fpuridus  Books  were  early  fa- 
^^  ther'd  on  Christ,  his  Apoftles,  and  other 
^^  great  Names,  part  whereof  arc  ftiil  acknow- 
**  ledg'd  to  be  genuin,  and  the  reft  to  be  forg'd, 
'^  in  neither  of  which  Aflcrtions  I  cou'd  be 
*^  juftly  fuppos'd  to  mean  any  3ook$  of  the 
"  New  Teftament,  as  I  fhall  prcfently  evince. 
"  But  Mr.  Blackball  affirms.  That  I  muft 
*'  intend  tho/e  now  received  by  the  iJbhole 
^^  Chrijiian  Churchy  for  he  knows  of  no  0- 
"  ther.  A  cogent  Argument  truly  !  and  clcar- 
*'  ly  proves  his  Logic  to  be  juft  of  a  piece 

*'  with  his  Reading But  had  Mr.  Blac- 

*^  KALL  been  difpos'd  to  deal  ingcnuoufly 
"  with  mc,  he  might  fee,  without  the  help 
^  of  thQ  Fathers,   that  1  did  not  mean  the 

'[  Books 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


xxxii  THE     LIFE     OF 

"  Books  of  the  New  Teftament,  when  I 
"  mentionM  Suppoiititious  Pieces  under  the 
"  Name  of  Christ,  fince  there  is  none  a- 
"  fcrib'd  to  him  in  the  whole  Bible ;  nor  do 
"  we  read   any   where  that  he    wrote   any 

*'  thing Now  to  convince  all  the 

"  world  that  I  did  not  intend  by  thofe  Pieces 
"  the  Books  of  the  New  Teftament,  as  well 
"  as  to  (hew  the  Raflinefs  and  Uncharitable- 
"  nefs  of  Mr.  Blackhall's  Aflertion,  I  fliall 
"  here  infert  a  large  Catalogue  of  Books  an- 
"  ciently  afcribed  to  Jesus  Christ,  hisApo- 
"  ftlcs,  their  Acquaintance,  Companions,  and 
"  Contemporaries/'     .  . ; 

T  H  E)i>i.  i  he  gives  a  Catalogue  of  Books 
mentioned,  by  the  Fathers  and  other  dncient 
Writers y  as  truly  or  falfely  afcribed  /^  Jesu« 
Christ,  his  ApoftleSy  and  other  eminent  Ter- 
fons :  which,  for  its  cxadnefs  and  accuracy, 
has  been  commended  by  feveral  learned  men 
abroad,  and  even  by  fomc  of  Mr.  Toland's 
Adverfaries  at  home  (z2).  After  having  given 
that  Catalogue,  he  proceeds  thus: 

"  HERE'S,  fays  he  (23),  *  a  long  Lift  for 
^'  Mr.  Blackall,   who,  'tis  probable,   will* 
*'  not  think  the  more  meanly  of  himfelf  for 
^^  being  unacquainted  with  thefe  Pieces  5  nor, 
"  if  that  were  all,  fliould  I  be  forward  to  think 

''  the 

(2x)  That  Catakgue  enlarged  and  correSedj  the  Reader 
will  find  in  this  ColleBhn^    VoL  I.  jpag.  JJOi 
C2})mpag.42,&c,  * 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mf.  TO  LAND.  xxxiii 

'^  the  worfc  of  him  on  this  account :  but  I 
^^  think  he  is  to  blame  for  denying  that  there 
'^  were  any  fuch,  becaufe  he  knew  nothing 
^^  of 'em  5  much  lefs  fhould  he  infer  from 
^^  thence,  that  I  dcny'd  the  Scriptures  5  which 
*^  Scandal  however,bccaufemanifeftly  procced- 
^'  ing  from  Ignorance,  I  heartily  forgive  him, 
^^  as  every  good  Chriftian  ought  to  do. 

^^  T  O  explain  now   therefore  the  feveral 
^^  Members  of  the  Paflage  in  Milton's  Life: 
^^  In  the  firft  place,  by  the  fpurious  Pieces  I 
"  meant,  tho'  not  all,    yet  a  good  parcel  of 
^'  thofe  Books  in  the  Catalogue,  which  I  am 
^'  perfuaded  were  partly  forged  by  forae  more 
'^  zealous  than  difcreet  Chriftians,   to  fupply 
''  the  brevity  of  the  Apoftolic  Memoirs  5  part- 
ly by  defigning  Men  tcf  fupport  their  private 
Opinions,   which  they   hop'd  to  effed  by 
virtue  of  fuch  refpefted  Authorities :    and 
fome  of  'em,  I  doubt,  were  invented   by 
'^  Heathens  and  Jews  to  impofe  on  the  Cre- 
*'  dulity  of  many  well-difpos'd  perfons,  who 
"  greedily  fwallow'd   any   Book   for  Divine 
*^  Revelation  that  contain'd  a  great  many  Mi- 
"  racks,  mixt  with  a  few  good  Morals,  while 
^*  their  Adverfaries  laught  in  their  flecves  all 
"  the  while,  to  fee  their  tricks  fuccced,  and 
^'  were  rivetted  in  their  ancient  Prejudices  by 
[^  the  greater  Superftition  of  fuch  Enthufiafts. 

'MN  the  fecond  place,  by  the  Books  of 

l^  whofe  fpurioufnefs  I  faid  the  World  was 

VoL.L  *C  "not 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


€i 


€C 


€€ 


xxxiv  THE    LIPE     OF 

'*  not  yet  convinc'd,  tho'  in  my  private  Opini- 
"  on  I  could  not  think  'cm  gcnuin,  I  meant 
*^  thofe  of  the  other  great  Perfons,  or  the 
"  fuppos'd  Writings  of  certain  Apoftolic  Men 
'^  (as  they  call  'em)  which  arc  at  this  prcfcnt^ 
"  as  well  as  in  ancient  times,  read  with  cx- 
"  traordinary  Veneration.  And  they  arc  the  E- 
"  piftle  of  Barnabas,  the  Paftor  of  Hbrmas> 
"  the  Epiftle  of  Polycarpus  to  the  Philippians, 
*^  the  firft  Epiftle  of  Clemens  Rom  anus  to  the 
"  Corinthians,  and  the  feven  Epifties  of  Ig- 
*'  NATius.  Thcfc  arc  generally  received  in  the 
"  Church  of  Rome,  and  alfo  by  moft  Pro- 
"  teftants.5  but  thofe  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
*^  land  have  particularly  fignalizM  themfclvcs 
"  in  their  Defence,  and  by  publifliing  the  cor- 
"  rcdeft  Impreffions  of  them.  The  Ancients 
"  paid  them  the  higheft  refped,  and  reckoned 
"the  firft  four  of  them  efpecially,  as  good  as 
"  any  part  of  the  New  Tcftamcnt :  &c. 

Mr.  Toland's  Defence  engaged  Mr.  Blac- 
KALL  to  put  out  a  Pamphlet,  entitled  :  Mr. 
Blackall's  Reafons  for  not  replying  to  a 
Book  lately  publifl)e4y  entituledy  Amyntor. 
In  a  Letter  to  a  Friend.  I  charged  Mr.  To- 
LAND,  fays  he,  with  doubting  of  the  Authori- 
ty of  the  Books  of  the  New  Tcftamcnt :  but 
he  declares  that  he  docs  not  mean  thofe  Books : 
therefore  wc  arc  now  agreed  5  there  can  be 
no  difpute  between  us  on  that  fubjed.  "  All 
"  that  I  could  fay  to  this,  purfues  he^  (if  I 
''  had  a  mind  to  reply  to  this  part  of  his 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mt.    TOLAND.  XXXV     • 

•*  Book)  would  be  only  to  give  the  world 
^'  thlc  Reafon  that  made  me  think,  he  meant 
*^  fonie  of  the  Books  of  the  New  Teftamenti 
**  li^hich'  was  this ;  that  he  having  fpoken  bc- 
*^  fore  o^fuppojititious  Pieces  under  the  name 
^'  of  Christ  and  bis  ApoJileSj  as  well  as  of 
*^  other  great  Perfonsj  it  was  very  reafonable 
*^  to  think,  when  immediately  after,  in  the 
*^  fame  Period  he  fpeaks  of  fever al  morefuch 
^  Bookfy  the  fpurioufnefs  of  which  is  not  yet 
'^  difcoveir'd,  he  had  meant  feveral^  fome  at 
"  leaft,  of  all  the  forts  before  mentioned  5 
^'  that  i^,  fome  under  the  name  of  Christ,, 
^*  and  fome  under  the  name  of  his  Apoftles, 
^'  as  well  a$'  fome  under  th^  name  of  the  o- 
**  ther  great  Perfons.  For  how  fhould  I  know 
'^  what  he  meant  by  fuch  Books^  but  by 
"  looking  back,  and  feeing  what  Books  he 
**•  had  fpoken  of  before  ?  And  finding  that 
"  he  had  there  fpoken,  not  only  of  Books 
^^  under  the  name  of  other  great  Perfons,  but 
"  likcwife  «W(?r  the  name  of  Christ  and  his 
"  ApoftleSy  what  could  I  undcrftand  by  fuch 
"  Booki,  but  fome  Books  under  the  name  of 
**  Christ  and  his  Apoftles,  as  well  as  fome 
*'  under  the  name  of  other  great  Perfons  ? 
*'  And  if  he  did  not  mean  fo,  or  would  not 
*'  have  been  thought  to  have  m'eant  fo  5 
^*  he  ought,  I  think,  to  have  diftinguifh'd 
*'  and  have  made  that  Paffage  which  I 
*^  excepted  againft,  an  intire  fentence  by 
*^  it  fclf  5  and  have  faid  plainly,  that  tho' 
*^  he  thought  fome  Books  fpurious,  whiefa  ^ 
*  C  2  "r^o"^^ 

"   ■  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Xxxvi  THE    LIFE    OF 

^'  fome  others  believed  to-be  genuine,  they 
'^  were  only  fome  pieces  that  had  been  afcribed 
^'  to  the  other  great  Men,  but  not  any 
'^  of  thofe  that  were  received  as  Pieces  c^ 
^'  Christ  or  his  Apoftles ;  and  if  he  had 
^^  written  his  mind  thus  clearly,  I  ihould  no 
*^  more  have  excepted  againft  this  Paffagc  than 
**  I  did  asainft  the  former- 


^^v 


I  leave  it  to  you.  Sir,  who  are  an  excel- 
lent Logician,  to  judge  of  the  pertinency  of 
this  Anfwer.  I  (hall  only  obfcrve,  that  Mr. 
ToLAND  after  having  thus  profefs'd,  that  in 
the  aforefaid  paffagc  he  had  no  view  to  the 
Books  of  the  New  Teftamentj  he  notwith- 
ftanding  endeavoured  by  feveral  fuggeftions  and 
infmuations  to  make  the  Authority  of  the 
prefent  Canon  fufpicious  and  precarious.  But 
he  was  anfwer'd  by  fome  of  our  Divii^ies}  as 
by  Mr.  (now  Dr.)  Samuel  Clarke,  in.  a 
fmall  Trad,  intitled:  Some  Reflexions  on 
that  part  of  a  Book  called  Amyntor,  or  the 
Defence  of  Milton's  Life,  which  relates  to 
the  Writings  of  the  Primitive  Fat  her  Sy  and 
the  Canon  of  the  New  Tejiament.  In  a 
Letter  to  a  Friend:  by  Mr.  Stephen  Nye 
iri  his  Hiftorical  Account  andT^e fence  of  the 
Canon  of  the  New  Teflament.  In  Anfwer 
to  Amyntor  :  and  by  Mr.  John  Richard- 
son, B.  D.  formerly  Fellow  of  Emmanuel 
College  in  Cambridge,  in  The  Canon  of  the 
New  Teftament  vindicated i  in  Anfwer  to  the 
Obje6fions  of  J.  T,  in  his  Amyntor. 

THAT 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


Mr.  TOLAND.  xxxvii 

THAT  part  of  AmyntOTy  which  related 
to  Icon  Bajilikey  was  anfwer'd  by  Mr.'Vl^AG- 
STAFFE,  in  a  Pamphlet  call'd,  A  defence  of 
the  Vindication  (ff  Ring  Charles  the  Mar- 
tyr ;  juftifying  his  Title  to  'Eikhn  B asi aikh', 
In  Anfwer  to  a  late  Pamphlet  intituled^ 
Amyntor.  By  the  Author  of  the  Vindica- 
tion.  If  you  defire  to  fee  all  that  Mr.  Wag- 
STAFFE  has  ofFer'd  with  refpeft  to  this  Con- 
trovcrfy,  you  will  find  it  fumm'd  up  and  di- 
gefted  in  the  third  Edition  of  his  Vindication^ 
printed  in  1711:  A  Vindication  ofK.  Charles 
the  Martyr :  proving  that  his  Majefty  was 
the  Author  Of 'EiKsiiiBA7:iAiKii'^  Againfi  a 
Memorandum  faid  to  be  written  by  the  Earl 
of  Angle  fey  5  Andy  againfi  the  Exceptions 
of  T)r.  Walker  and  others.  To  which  is 
added  ^  Preface,  wherein  the  bold  and  info- 
lent  AJfertionSy  publijhed  in  a  Taffage  of 
Mr.  Bayle's  Dictionary,  relating  to  the  pre- 
fent  Controverjyy  are  examined  and  confuted. 
The  third  Edition^  with  large  Additions  5 
together  with  fome  original  Letters  of  King 
Charles  the  firft  under  his  own  Han3y 
never  before  printedy  and  faithfully  CQpied 
from  th^  faid  Originals,  In  the  Preface  he 
falls  foul  upon  Mr.  Bayle,  and  is  likcwifc 
very  angry  with  the  Author  of  his  Life  (fub- 
joind  to  the  Engiifh  Tranflation  of  his  Re- 
fieSiions  upon  the  Comet Sy  printed  in  1709) 
for  obferving  that  in  his  Hiftorical  and  Cri- 
tical ^iSfionaryy  he  relates  hiftorical  fads  wit^ 

*c  i '  *  % 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


xxxviii         THE    LIFE    OF 

a  perfcd  difintercftcdncfs  and  impartiality.  The 
matter  of  ft£t  is  this.  Mr.  BAYLEiiaving  gi- 
ven an  Article  of  Milton  in  the  firft  Edition 
of  his  Dictionary,  when  he  was  about  QOjrred- 
ing  and  enlarging  it  for  a  fecond  Edition,  he 
was  informed  that  Mr.  Tox.and  had  pu^lifli'd 
the  Life  of  that  celebrated  Author,  ^nd  defij'd 
to  read  it  in  order  to  improve  that  Article. 
But  as  he  did  not  underftand  EngUfh,  he  had 
fome  Abftrads  made  of  it  in  Latin,  and  took 
his  Additions  from  them  5  and  among  othprs 
he  gave  an  account  of  Icon  Bafilihy  agreeable 
to  Mr.  Toland's  aflertions,  or  rather  accord- 
ing  to  the  Latin  Abftra£ts  of  his  Book,  which 
he  carefully  cites  in  the  margin.  AncJ  for  a 
further  caution,  he  makes  this  general  jLema^rk, 
which  Mr.  Wagstaffe  has  tranfcrib'd  in  his 
Preface  (24)  but  with  fome  omiffions  vher?- 
of  I  fhali  take  notice.  "  Note,y2^x  ikfr .Bayle, 
"  that  in  all  this,  I  neither  ought,  nor  can  be 
"  confider'd,  but  as  a  mere  Tranfcriher  of 
**  Milton's  Life  publifh'd  in  Englifh**.  Mr. 
Bayle's  words  arc :  comme  un  fimfle  traduc^ 
teur  des  extraits  Latins  que  fai  fait  faire 
du  livre  Anglais  queje  cite :  i.  e.  '^  as  a  mere 
"  tranflator  of  the  Latin  Abftrads  I  procured 
*'  of  the  Englifh  Book  (Amjntor)whx(Ai  I  cite." 
^^  Note  alfo,  furfues  Mr.  Bayle,  that  this 
"  Paflfagc  of  the  Life  of  Milton  has  hci^n, 
*^  oppos'd  i  for  Mr.W AGSTAFFE  publifli'^  ^ovsac 
"  Obfervations,  to  weaken  the  Tcftimpny  of 

'^  my 

(24)  Ptg.  xvii,  xviiu 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.  TOLAND.  xxiix 

*^  my  Lord  Anglesey,  the  Narrative  of  Dr. 
**  Walker,  and  the  Papers  of  Mr.  North. 
*^  But  Mr.  ToLAND  hatii  refuted  them  all  in 
**  his  AmyntOTy  wherein  he  hath  farther  dil- 
**  cufe'd  all  the  Teftimonies  that  are  alledg'd 
**  to  affert  the  Icon  Bafilike  to  King  Charles 
**  the  firft.  I  was  told,  that  as  to  both  thefe 
^^  Parts  *  of  his  Apology,  he  has  omitted  no- 
"  thing  that  was  neceflary  to  maintain  the 
**  full  Evidence  of  his  Proofs,  and  all  the 
**  Arength  they  appeared  to  have  before  any 
"  one  wrote  againft  them.  This  is  all  that 
**  I  can  fay,  having  never  read  any  thing  that 
*^  was  written  againft  him,  or  what  was  rc- 
^'  plied  by  him.''  The  French  hath,  nay  ant 
point  lu  ce  qtion  a  fait  contre  luiy  ni  c€  qu'il 
a  repliquey  &  ne  h  pouvant  point  entendre^ 
tsr  ce  font  tous  livres  Ar^lois :  i.  e.  "  hav- 
"  ing  never  read  what  was  written  againft 
**  him,  nor  what  was  reply'd  by  him,  and 
^'  not  being  able  to  underftand  it,  for  all 
"  thcfc  Books  arc  in  EngUfli. 

A  N  D  now,  S I R,  I  appeal  to  your  equi- 
ty, whether  Mr.  Bayle  cou  d  have  aded  in 
this  matter  with  more  caution,  impartiality, 
and  diiintereftednefs  ?  But  it  may  be  ask'd 
why  did  he  not  give  an  account  of  Mr.  Wag- 
STAFFERS  Anfwer  >  Why,  truly,  bccaufe  he 
had  it  not,  and  was  affured  by  perfons,   who 

*C4  fcem'd 

♦  That  is  to  &y,  the  Anfwer  to  the  Objcaions  pf  Mr. 
Wagstaffs,  and  the  Anfwer  to  the  direQ  Proofs  alledg*<i 
by  the  Fartixans  of  King  Charl£s» 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


xl  THE    LIFE    JOF 

feem'd  to  him  proper  judges,  that  there  was 
not  much  in  it.     Befides,   whatever  good  o- 
pinion  Mr.  Wagstaffe  might  have  of  his 
own  performance,   he  ought    not  to   expeft 
that  Mr.  Bayle  would  enter  into  the  bottom 
of  that   Controverfy,    without  verifying  his 
quotations,  comparing  the  Arguments  of  both 
fides,  and  confequentiy,  having  all  the  Pam- 
phlets publifh'd  on  that  occafion  tranflated  in- 
to Latin.  But  on  the  other  fide,  why  did  Mr. 
Wagstaffe  leave  out  of  the  aforefaid  paffage, 
this    material  circumftance,    that  Mr.  Bayle 
declares  he  did  not  underftand  Englifh,  and 
was  oblig'd  to  procure  fome  Latin  Abftrafts 
of  Mr.  Toland's  Book  ?      Was  he  afraid  it 
would  not  have  .fcrv'd  his  turn  i    In  Ihorr,  if 
he  was  fo  tender  on  that  point,   why  did  he 
not  fend  him  a  Latin  Tranflation  of  his  two 
Pamphlets,  to  be  made  ufe  of  in  the  Supple- 
ment of  his  Didionary  i     The  fecond  Edition 
of  that  Didionary  came  out  in  the  beginning  • 
of  the  year  1702,    and  Mr.  Bayle  liv'd  five 
years    longer  5    why  did   he    chufe  to    raife 
all  this   Clamour,    and  endeavour  to  afperfe 
and  blacken  his  Memory  nine  or   ten  years 
after,  in  1 7 1 1  ? 

B  U  T  to  give  you  a  fpecimcn  of  Mr.WAO- 
staffe's  temper,  accuracy,  and  judgment,  I 
will  t;:anfcribe  here  what  he  fays  on  occafion 
of  Pamela's  Prayer.  Mr. Bayle^  fays  hey(z$) 

//has 

«.     •  '  -  "  *  '  ■  ♦ 

X26)  Prcfucc,  pug,  xKiii* 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.  TOLAND.  xli 

^  has  given  Pamela's  Prayer  at  large,  com- 


par'd  it  with  the  Arcadia^  and  fet  down 
in  two  Columns  one  againft  another ;  and 

to  what  purpofe  was  this  inferted He 

**  fays  indeed,  that  Milton  made  a  great 
^^  noife  about  ity  and  that  is  true;  but  what 
*^  follows,  that  MiLToi^ placed  that  TaralM 
*^  at  the  end  of  his  Anfwery  is  a  plain  and 
«  notorious  Falfhood  i  for  Milton  himfeii^ 
"  placed  neither  the  Prayer  nor  the  Parallel 
"  at  the  end  of  his  Anfwcr,  but  Mr,  Toland 
"  plac'd  them  there  many  years  after  Mil- 
"  ton's  Death.  So  that  in  this  fliort  Para- 
"  graph,  we  have  abundant  Evidences,  not 
*'  only  of  his  Negligence,  Partiality  and  Ma- 
*^  lice,  but  of  his  Unaccuratenefs  alfo  5  each 
"  of  which  £n%  very  heavy  on  his  Charader/* 

THIS  is  a  heinous  Charge  indeed,  brought 
in  with  great  confidence  5  but  you'll  prefently 
fee  that  there  is  not  the  leaft  foundation  for 
it.  Mr.  Wagstaffe  reprefents  Mr.  Baylb 
as  grounding  his  affertion  upon  the*  Englilh 
Original  of  Milton's  Iconoclafies  s  whereas 
he  made  ufe  of  a  French  Tranflation  of  that 
Book,  printed  in  1 65  2,  by  Du  Card,  and  he 
gives  die  title  of  it  at  large.  The  two  Prayers, 
he  tranfcrib'd  out  of  that  Tranflation,  where- 
in they  are  fet  in  two  Parallel  Columns  5  and 
in  the  margin  he  refers  to  the  page  where  they 
are  to  be  found,  thus :  Milton,  pag.  m.  24. 
de  flconocJaJies.  Moreover ,  at  the  end  of 
the  two  Prayers,   he  gives  a  fliort  Advertife- 

xtient 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


;xln  TUB    JLLTB   OT 

jncnt  of  the  French  Tianflator  relating  to 
Pamela's  Pxayjcr.  He  took  for  granted  that 
this  Tranflation  was  agreeable  to  die  OrigmaU 
and  if  he  was  milled  by  the  Tranflator,  how 
could  he  help  iti  There  is  greater  reaftm  to 
wonder,  how  Mr.  Waqstaispfe  could  over- 
look all  thefe  .particulars :  and  one  might,  I 
fear,  retort  his  own  words  upon  hini,  ami 
obferve  that  inthisfhort  ^amgnO^h  we  have 
,^undant  Evidences y  not  only  af  his  Negii- 
l^encej  partiality  y  and  Malice^  but  of  his 
Unaccuratenefs  alfo. 

I  fhall  make  no  Apology  for  this  Digrefliod^ 
I  know  that  Mr.  Bayle  had  a  great  (hare  in 
your  cfteem  $  and  don  t  doubt  but  you'll  be 
pleased  to  fee  jufticc  done  to  his  Memory. 
This  task  properly  belonged  to  the  Author 
of  his  Life^  as  being  more  particularly  con- 
cerned :  but  fince  he  hath  thought  fit  to  be 
filent,  I  was  glad  to  find  this  occafion  to  vin^ 
dicate  Co  great  a  Man  as  Mr.  Bayle*  Let 
us  nowj:ctum  to  Mt.Tqland. 

I N  the  fame  year  (25)  i<S9P,  he  publifh'd 
the  Memoirsof^enziilLordHaujESy  Baron 
ffjfieldin  SuffeXy  from  the  year  1641  to 
16^1.  The  ManiUcript  was  put  mtx>  his 
bands  by  the  late  Duke  of  Newcastle,  who 

was 

(25)  The  Author  of  thefe  Memoirs  naig^t  have  ohferv'd^ 
that  this  year  Mr.  Toland  took  a  turn  bto  Hollandf  m  it 
appears  hj  ftme  Letters  in  this  CQttegm.     See  VoL  II*  pag« 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


Mr.  TO  J.  AND.  xM 

was  one  of  his  patrons  and  benefaftors  5  and 
he  d€;dicated  them  to  his  Gra^Gc.  He  did 
likewise  prefix  a  Preface. 

IN  1700,  he publ^*4  Harrington's 
Oceana,  with  fome  other  Pieces  of  that  in- 
genious Author,  which  had  aot  been  yet 
printed :  The  Oceana  of  James  Harring- 
ton, and  his  other  Works ,  fome  whereof  are 
^ow  fir  ft  publiflidfrom  his  own  Manufcripts. 
The  whole  colleBed,  methodix^'dy  and  re- 
view'dy  with  an  exalt  account  of  his  Life 
prefix  dy  by  John  Toland.    In  folio. 

H  E  clofes  the  Preface,  with  giving  notice 
that  this  Life  of  Harrington  fbali  be  the 
laft  Life  but  one,  which  he  intends  to  write 
of  any  modern  perfon.  ^*  As  for  myfelf, 
"  fiVf^  ^y  *h^  ^^  employment  or  condition 
^^  of  life  fhall  make  me  diireliih  the  lading 
^  entertainment  which  Books  afford;  yet  I 
'^  have  refolv'd  not  to  write  the  Life  oi  any 
**  modern  Perfon  again,  except  that  only  of 
^^  one  Man  ftill  alive,  and  who  in  the  ordi- 
*'  nary  comfe  of  nature  I  am  like  to  furvivc 
**  a  long  while,  he  being  already  far  advanced 
**  in  his  declining  time,  and  I  but  this  pre-' 
^  fent  day  beginning  the  thirtieth  year  of  my 
**  age.'*  That  Preface  being  dated,  Novem- 
ber 30,  16995  we  find  here  the  prccife  time 

IN 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


xliv  THE   LIFE    OF 

I N  the  conclufion  of  the  Life,  he  makes 
the  following  Declaration  :  "  If  I  write,  fays 
*'  he^  any  thing  hereafter  (either  as  oblig'd 
**  by  duty,  or  to  amufe  idle  time)  I  have  dc- 
^  termin'd  it  fliall  not  concern  perfonal  Dif- 
^  putes,  or  the  narrow  interefts  of  jarring 
*^  Faftions,  but  fomething  of  univerfal  bene- 
"  fit,  and  which  all  fides  may  indifferently 
"  read.  Without  fuch  provocations  as  no 
"  man  ought  to  endure,  this  is  my  fix'd  re- 
*'  folution  i  and  I  particularly  defire  that  none 
«  may  blame  me  for  afting  otherwife,  who 
"  force  me  to  do  fo  themfelves."  •  This  he 
faid,  I  fuppofe,  with  refped  to  the  difput^s  he 
had  been  ingaged  in.  How  he  kept  this  re- 
folution,  will  appear  in  the  fequel. 

ABOUT  the  fame  time,  came  out  a 
Pamphlet,  intitled,  ClitOy  a  Toem  on  the 
force  of  Eloquence.  The  Editor  tells  us,  that 
Mr.  ToLAND  is  the  Author  of  it,  and  that 
he  is  underftood  in  the  Poem  by  ADEisiDifi- 
MON,  which  fignifies  unfuperjiitious.  The 
plan  of  that  Piece  is  this.  Clito  asks  Adei- 
siD^MON  how  far  the  force  of  Eloquence 
can  go. 

To  teach  Mankind  thofe  Truths  which 

they  mijiake^ 
And  who  the  noble  Task  durji  undertake  ? 

Apeisi^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.  T  O  L  A  N  D.  xlv 

Adeisid^mon  undertakes  that  task,  and  tells 
him  all  the  great  and  furprizing  things  he 
can  perform,  even  with  refped  to  religious 
matters  : 

Nor  will  I  hefe  defift :  all  holy  Cheats 
Of  all  Religions  pjall  partake  my  Threat s^ 
Whether  with  fable  Gowns  they  fhew  their 

"Pride, 
Or  under  Cloaks  their  Knavery  they  hide^ 
Or  whatfoe'er  difguife  they  chufe  to  wear^ 
To  gull  the  Teop^y  while  their  Spoils  they 

fhare,  &c. 

THIS  Piece  was  animadverted  upon  in  a 
Letter,  written,  as  it  feems,  by  a  Clergy-man, 
and  publiih'd  with  another  Letter  of  the  fame 
Author  againft  Fuller:  Mr.  Toland's 
Clito  dtjfedied:  and  Fuller^  plain  Troof 
of  the  true  Mother  of  the  pretended  Trince  of 
Wales  made  out  to  be  no  proof  In  twoLet- 
ters  froma  Gentleman  in  the  Country  to  his 
Friend  in  London.  His  Remarks  are  very 
fevere,  not  to  fay  abufive ;  as  you  may  judge 
by  the  following  paflage  :  "  As  for  the  Name 
"  of  the  Poem,  fays  he  (27),  how  he  comes 
"  to  call  it  Clito,  or,  the  force  of  Elo- 
"  quence,  when  he  himfelf,  not  his  pretend- 
"  ed  Friend,  ads  the  Orator,  I  know  not, 
^*  and  it  looks  fomething  like  a  miftake.  Had 

"he 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


xlvi  THE    LIFE     OF 

*^  he  given  it  the  Heathcnifh  name  of  To- 
^*  L  A  N  D,  or  A  D  E  IS  I D  B  MON,  I  am  apt  to 
"  think  this  abominable  iffue  of  his  braini 
<*  would  have  had  a  more  fignificant  appella^ 
**  tion.  And  tho  Clito  be  too  good  a 
*'  Name,  for  a  perfon  who  has  any  intimacy 
'*  with  a  Man  of  his  Charafter,  yet  I  muft 
^^  join  with  him  in  approving  his  choice  of 
*'  Adeisidemon  for  himfelf ;  which  is  in 
*^  downright  Englifh  (not  Unfuperftitious,  as 
"  he  terms,  it)  but  one  that  fears  neither 
''  God  nor  "Deviir 

IN  the  beginning  of  the  year  1701,  he 
publilh'd  a  Book,  intitled.  The  Art  of  Go- 
verning by  Tatties :  particularly  in  Religion^ 
in  TolitickSy  in  Parliaments  on  the  Bench , 
and  in  the  Minijify  j  with  the  ill  effects  of 
"Parties  on  the  People  in  generaly  the  King 
in  particular y  and  all  our  foren  Affairs  i  as 
well  as  on  our  Credit  and  Trade^  in  Peace 
or  WoTy  &c.  His  name  no  where  appears  in< 
this  Book,  which  he  dedicated  to  the  King, 
with  this  pretty  fingular  Infcription  :  Ta 
William  III.  King  of  Englaridy  Scotland^ 
France,  and  Ireland:  St  at  holder  of  Guelder- 
landy  Holland^  Zealand^  Utrecht ,  and  Over^ 
yjfel:  fupreme  Magijirat  of  the  two  mofi 
potent  and  flourijbing' Commonwealths  in  the 
Uni<verfe.  In  the  firft  Chapter^  he  obfervcs, 
that  "  till  the  aeceffion  of  the  Stuarts  to 
".  the  Imperial  Throne  of  this  Realm^  wc 
'/  never  knew  the  Art  of  Governing  by  Par^^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.   T GLAND.  xlvu 

'^  ties.  It  was  fet  oh  foot  among  us  by  the 
*^  firft  of  that  Race^  and  was  daily  improv- 
'*  ing  under  his  SuceefTor,  till  at  lafr  it  fa- 
"  tally  tum'd  on  himfelf,  and  deprived  him 
^  both'  of  his  Crown  and  Life.  But  becaufe 
'^  I^/^  ^^y  ^'^^  execrable  Policy  was  brought 
*^  to  peifeftion  under  Chahles  II,  I  fhall 
^^  difplay  fomc  of  its  worft  cffcfts  in  his 
^  Bccign,  and  the  difmal  influence  it  has  oa 
f  all  our  Affairs  cVn  at  this  time.. 

ABOUT  the  fame  time  Mr.  To  land 
put  out  a  Pamphlet,  caird,  ^ropvjitions:  for 
uniting  the  two  Eaftrlndia  Companies :  in  a 
Letter  to  a  Man  of  ^alitjty  w%o  defifdthe 
Opinion  of  a  Gentleman  not  concerned  in 
either  Company.   In  4**. 

IN  March  foUbwing,  Mr.  Toland  being 
informed  that,  the  lower  Houfe  of  Convoca- 
tion had  appointed  a  Committee  to  examine 
Books  lately  publifh'd  againft  the  Chriftiaa 
Religion^  or  the  cffablifh'd  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  that  his  Chrifiianity  not  Myjler sous 
and  his  Amyntor  were  under  the  confiderar 
tton  of  that  Committee  j  he  writ  two  Letters 
to  Dr.  Hooper,  Prolocutor  of  the  lower 
Houfe  of  Convocation,  either  to  give  fuch 
fatisfaftion  as  fliould  induce  them  to  ftbp^ 
their  proceedings,  or  defiring  to  he  heard  in 
his  own  defence- before  they  pafs'd  any  Cen- 
furc    o»    his  Writings.     But    [^  the  lower 

...    /5  Houfe 

V- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


xlvui  THE    LIFE    OF 

*^  Houfe  (28),  without  Confultation  with  the 
^*  Bilhops,  without  expcfting  the  King's  Li* 
*^  cenfc,  and  without  any  regard  to  the  two 
*^  Letters  he  fcnt  'em,  came  to  formal  Re- 
"  folutions  about  Chriftianity  not  Myfteriouss 
"  and  on  the  Report  of  the  Committee  ap- 
"  pointed,  they  did,  about  the  twentieth  of 
"  March,  fend  a  Reprefentation  to  the  Bifhops, 
"  praying  their  Lordftiip's  Concurrence  to  their 
*V  Refolutionsy  with  their  Advice  and  T^irec^ 
*'  tions  what  effeBual  Courfe  might  be  taken 
"  to  fupprefs  tms  Book  and  all  other  fernicums 
"  Books  already  written  againft  the  Truth 
^^  of  the  Chriftian  Religion^  and  to  prevent 
^'  the^ublicationof  the  like  for  the  future  r 
At  the  fame  time,  they  extrafted  five  Pofitions 
out  of  that  Book,  and  their  Refolutions  con- 
tained, that  in  their  Judgment ^  the  faid  Book 
is  of  pernicious  TrincipleSy  of  dangerous  Con- 
fequence  to  the  Chriftian  Keligiony  written 
on  a  dejtgn  (as  they  conceive)  and  tending 
to  fubvert  the  Fundamental  Articles  of  the 
Chriftian  Faith:  that  the Tofttions extracted 
out  of  it  arCy  together  with  diver fe  others  of 
the  fame  naturCy  pernicious^  dangerous y  (can- 
dalousy  and  deftruStive  of  tne  Chriftian 
Faith. 

THIS  Reprefentation  they  fent  to  the  Up- 
per Houfe,  which  did  likewife  appoint  a  Com- 
mittee of  Biihops  to  examine  MhToland's 

Book  5, 

(28}  yindUm  LibmHS,  p.  4^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.  TOLAND.  xlU 

Book:  and  they  founck therein  (cveral  Pofi* 
tions,  as  they  concciv'd,  of  dangerous  confc- 
quence,  and  one  in  particuiar^  wiiich  they 
look'd  on  as  the  foundation  of  ail  the  reft> 
of  which  the  lower  Houfe  had  not  taken 
notice.  Upon  the  Report  of  the  Committee 
of  the  Bifliops  to  the  Upper  Houfe,  they  were 
all  unanimoufly  of  opinion  to  proceed  (as 
far  as  legally  they  could  go^  againft  the  Book 
and  the  Author :  but  they  alfo  agreed  before 
hand  to  advife  with  Council  Learned  in  the 
Law.  Which  being  done,  "  their  Lordfhips 
*'  (29)  in  Anfwer  to  that  Part  of  the  Repre- 
^^  fintation  which  concerned  a  Cenfurey  de- 
"  clared  (April  the  eighth)  that  on  their  cvn^ 
"  fulting  with  Council  learned  in  the  Law 
**  concerning  heretical^  impious^  or  immoral 
•'  Books,  and  particularly  concerning  this 
^  Book  fent  up  to  them  frjom  the  lower 
^*  Houfe y  they  do  not  find j  how,  without  a 
^*  Licence  from  the  King  {which  they  had 
^'  not  yet  received)  they  cou'dhave  fuffictent 
"  Authority  to  cenfure  judicially  any  fuch 
'^  Books :  but  on  the  contrary  they  were  advi-^ 
'^  fed  that  byfo  doing  both  HoufesofConvoc^^ 
**  tion  might  incur  theTenalties  of  the  Statute 
*^  i^Xi  ofH.  8 .  And  this  opinion  theirLordlhips 
^  received  from  able  Lawyers  after  defiring 
*^  their  Rcfolution  of  thefe  two  Queftions  j 
^  Pirft,  fVhether  the  Convocations  givif$g 
^  an  Opinion  concerning  a  Book  that  is  he- 
Vol.  L  ?D  ^  retical^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


1  THE    LIFE     OF 

*^  reticaly  impious y  a^  immoral^  is  contrarj 
*^  to  any  Law  ?  To  which  they  received  an 
*'  Anfwer  in  the  Affirmative :  Secondly, 
?'  Whether  the  Tofitions  (they  had  cxtraftcd 
"out  of  Chtiftimity  not  Myjierious)  were 
*^  fuch  an  opinion  as  is  contrary  to  any  Law  ? 
<'  to  which  it  was  anjfwer'd  in  the  Negative. 
"  Nor  did  they  content  themfelves  with  this 
**  Advice,  but  they  inquir'd  befides  what  had 
"  been  formerly  done  in  fuch  Cafes,  and 
*^  found  that  on  a  Complaint  being  exhibited 
"  againft  fomc  Books  by  the  lower  to  the 
*^  upper  Houfe,  in  the  year  1689,  the  Learn- 
"  cd  in  both  the  Laws  were  of  Opinion  they* 
"  cou'd  not  proceed  judicially  in  fuch  Mat- 
"  ters." 

A  F  T  E  R  the  Death  of  the  Duke  of  Glo- 
cefter,  it  was  thought  ncccflary  to  make  a 
further  provifion  for  the  Succelfion  of  the 
Crbwn  in  the  Protcftant  Line.  Accordingly 
in  June  1701,  an  ji£f  was  pafs'd/i^r  the  fur- 
ther Limitation  of  the  Crown^  by  fettling  it, 
after  the  deceafe  of  King  William  and  the 
Princefs  Anne  of  Denmark,  and  for  default 
of  their  IfTcic,  upon  the  Princefs  Sophia, 
Ele£trefs  and  Dutchefs  Dowager  of  Hanover, 
qnd  the  Heirs  of  her  body  being  Proteftants  : 
and  in  the  fame  Aft  a  provifion  was  likewifc 
made  for  better  fecuring  the  Rights  arulLi^ 
btrtits  of  the  Subjects.  Mr.  Xoland  pubw 
liflid  on  that  occafion  a  Book,  intitled,  An- 
glia  Libera:  or,  the  Limitation  and  Succef- 

♦'    t  ;  Ji9n 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


.     Uti   TOLAND.  li 

Jtoft  df  the  Cr&wn  of  England  explained  and 
a(ferted  s  asgr&unded  on  his  Majeftfs  Speech  i 
the  Proceedings  in  Tarliament  5  the  T^efires 
of  the  Teopkh  the  Safety  of  our  Religion  i 
the  Nature  of  but  Confiitution  i  the  Balance 
of  Europe  i  and  the  Rights  of  Mankinds 
He  gives  the  plan  or  defign  of  this  Book,  in 
his  Epiftle  Dedicatory  to  the  Duke  of  New<-^ 
castlB,  **  The  new  Limitations  of  thtGrowi^ 
"  fays  hcy  aire  the  fiibjeft  of  the  following 
'^  Difcourfe^  which  is  writtcn>  firft,  to  con- 
^^  vin€c  pur  own  People  of  their  future  fafc- 
"  ty  againft  Popery  ftnd  Arbitrary  Power  | 
"  and  that  his  prefent  Majcfty  has  not  only 
"  siade  us  a  freer  Nation  thin  he  found  us^ 
'^  but  has  alfo  rais'd  our  Liberty  to  a  degree 
'^  fcarce  to  be  exceeded  by  all  his  fuccefforsJ 
'*  Secondly,  to  Ihow  all  perfons  both  at  home 
**  and  abtoid,  that  the  Proceedings  of  the 
**  Parliament  on  this  occafion  are  agreeable 
"  to  the  Principles  of  Jiiftice  and  the  ends  of* 
'^  all  gctod  Government,  as  well  as  accdrding  to 
*'  the  conftant  pradice  of  this  Kingdom :  And 
*^  thirdly,  to  acquaint  the  Houfe  of  Hanovef 
^  with  the  true  natui'e  of  their  Title^  and  the 
*«  frame  of  that  Government  to  which  they 
1^  are  like  to  fucceedi  what  confidence  but 
<«  People  tepofe  in  their  Virtues  from  his 
•  Mafefty's  Recommendation  /  how  alive  they 
*^  may  command  the  LoVe.of  thelt  Subjeds, 
*^  ,anci  when  dead  enjoy  the  Veneration  of  all 
^  Pofterity/' 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


lii  THELIFEOF 

THE  King  having  fent  the  late  Earl  of 
Macclesfield  to  Hanover  with  the  A£t  of 
Succeflion,  Mr.  Toland  took  this  opportuni* 
ty  to  go  thither.  He  prcfented  his  Anglia 
Libera  to  her  Eieftoral  Highnefs  the  Princcfs 
Sophia,  and  was  (30)  the  firft  who  had  the 
honour  of  kneeling  and  killing  her  Hand  on 
account  of  the  Aft  of  Succeffion.  The  Earl 
of  Macclesfield  was  pleas'd  to  recommend 
him,  particularly  to  Her  Highnefs.  Mr.  To- 
land ftay'd  there  five  or  fix  weeks :  and  up- 
on his  departure,  their  Highnefles  the  Elcftrels 
Dowager,  and  the  Eieftor,  were  pleas'd  to 
prefent  him  with  feveral  Gold  Medals,  as  a 
princely  acknowledgment  for  the  Book  he 
had  wrote  about  the  Sacccflion,  in  defence 
of  their  title  and  family.  Her  Highnefs  con- 
defcended  to  give  him  likewife  the  Pidures 
of  herfelf ,  the  Eieftor,  the  young  Prince, 
and  of  her  Majefty  the  Queen  of  Prufl[ia> 
done  in  oil  colours.  The  Earl  of  Maccles- 
field in  his  return,  waited  upon  the  King 
at  Loo,  and  gave  an  Account  of  his  Nego- 
tiation to  his  Majefty.  ^'  There,  fays  Mr.  To- 
^*  iAND(3i)>  he  prefented  me  to  kifs  his 
^«  Majefty's  Hand,  and  took  off  thofc  imprefe 
**  fions  which  might  have  been  made  upoiv 
^*  him,  by  fome  of  them  who  endeavour'd 
**  to  prepoffefs  him  againft  thofc  that  were 

^^  the 

()o)  See  the  Actwnt  ef  th§  Court  of  Ummtr^  f.  m.  49* 
4if  €9»taidVmdicius  tibnittSf  p*  1541  ijj* 
(}i)  4n  Jfcomn^  Sec*  p.  6^  r-^^^i^ 

^'  »  r        f  Digitized  by  COOgle 


Mr.  TOLAND.  liu 

'^  the  moft  zealous  for  his  fctvicc,  and  the 
"  moft  faithful  in  his  Intcrefts.  My  Lord 
"  himfcif  went  with  a  prc|udice  agalnft  me 
**  to  Hanover,  where  he  was  throughly  unde- 
^'  ceiv'd,  and  became  my  hearty  Patron,  till 
*^  juft  on  his  going  home  he  was  rcmov'd  by 
*'  death  from  the  fervice  of  his  country  and 
'^  his  friends. 


O  N  the  1 1*^  of  November,  a  Proclamation 
was  iflfued  out  diflblving  the  prcfent  Parlia- 
ment, and  calling  another  to  meet  the  jo* 
of  December.  While  the  Candidates  were 
making  intcrcft  in  their  refpeftivc  Counties, 
Mr.  ToLAND  publifh'd  the  following  Advcr- 
tifement  in  the  Poft-Man  (32)  :  There  having 
ieen  d  piibUc  Repdrt  as  if  Mr.  Toland  Jlood 
for  Blecbingley  in  Surry  ^  'tis  thought  fit  to  ad- 
vertife  that  Sir  K0nT.Kr  Clky  r  01^  has  given 
his  Interefi  in  that  Borough  to  an  eminent 
Citizens  and  that  Mr.  Toland  hath  no 
thoughts  of  ftanding  there  or  any  where  elfe. 
This  Advertifement  afforded  matter  of  plea- 
fantry  to  an  anonymous  Writer,  who  pub- 
lifh'd  a  little  Pamphlet,  intitled :  Modeftymif 
taken:  dr,  a  Letter  to  Mr.  Toland,  upon 
his  declining  to  appear  in  the  enjfiing  Tarr 
liament.  He  begins  his  Letter  thus:  *'  A-^ 
f*  mongft  all  the  News  of  this  bufy  Sea- 
ff  fon/  1^0  ireport  has  affefted  mc  fo  peculiarly. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


llv  THE    LIFE    OF 

"  as  that  of  your  Inclination  to  fill  9  feat  in 
^^  the  Grand  approadiing  Council  i  for  I  ani 
*^  pcrfuadcd>  that  not  only  our  Civil  Intercft, 
^'  but  our  Religion  has  fome  dcpendance  on 
^*  the  Iffue  of  the  next  Debates  5  and  1  have 
'^  long  known  your  T?ilchts,  whether  in  Vo 
f^  liticks  pr  Theology,  t^  be  fo  weighty,    as 
^'  to  qualify  you  at  once  for  a  Good  Old 
"  Committee  Man^  and  for  a  Member  of  that 
"  Healing  ^ynody  th?  4jF^wbly  pf  divines, 
^'  It    was   with  this  double  juftice  to  your 
"  Merit  th^trj  ]^^^^y  confounded  an  Acadeif 
^^  mical  ^pp  5    who  Xpeaking^  of  your.  B6ok' 
"  learn'4  Autagpnift,  thp:  lafc  Bifbop  of  J^r-r 
"  cejier,  aind  gravely  ftyling  him  a  Body  of 
"  ^hinityy  was  by  me  given  to  underftand, 
*^  that  what ,  the  Bifhop  had  in   ^rqfundity^ 
V  Mr.TpLANp  made  out  in  Latitude  ^    and 
*^  that  if  the  one.w^s  Carpus  Theologia^  the 
^?  pthey   was  Tra^^taS'theokgico-foliticfs  : 

THE  King's  Sppeph  at  the  opening  pf  the; 
Parliament  gave  Mr.  Toj^^and  occafion  to  pub- 
lifti,  Taradoxex  pf^tate,  felating  to  the  pre- 
fint  jun^ure  qf  affairs  in  England  ana  the 
X(fi  of  Europe  \  chiefly  grounded  on  his  Md^ 
jd^f^:pri^ce}j/ypi^us^  andmfl.grdcips  Speef^\ 

.  SOpN  after  hp- put  out    another  Pam- 
plilet,  containing,  I.  Reafonsfor  addrejjmg  hii 

^^Mftj  fffffV^fftnf^p^  their  High- 

neffes, 

-   .  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


;Mr.  T  DC  and:'  Iv 

nejfesy  the  Eledtrefs  dowager  and  the  Elec- 
tor at  Trince  of  Hanover :  And  Ukewife^ 
IL  Reafonsfor  attainting  and.  akjuring  the 
pretended  "rrince  of  Wales ^  ana  all  Qt hers 
pretending  .any  ciaitri^  right  y  or  title  from  the 
late  King] AMES  and  ^een  Mary*  fFith 
^  Arguments  far  making  d  vigorous  War  againfi 
France.     1702^  4^. 

-  THIS  was  writ  againft  by  Luke  Mil- 
•^BURN,  in  a  Pamphlet  call'd,  AnAnfwer  to 
Mr.  Toland's  Reafons  for  addreffim  his 
Majefty  to  invite  into  Englmd  their.  Wgh^ 
neffeSj'  theEleiirefs  /Dowager  and  the  E- 
ledtoral  Trince.af  Hanover.  And  alfo  to 
his  Reafons  for  attainting  tht.  pretended 
Prince (f  Wales ^i^LC.  1702,40.. 

Mr.ToLAND  had  the  fatisfoaibn  to  fee  that 
the  Parliament  i^z^'danAiiforthe  Attainder 
of  the  pretended  Trince  of  Wales  of  Hi^ 
Treafon :  and  another  ^^/^r  the  further  Secu- 
rity of  his  Majejifs  perfon,  and  the  Succejfion 
of  the  Crown  in  the  Trot  eft  ant  Line^  and  eoe- 
tinguifhing  the  hopes  of  the  pretended  Trinae 
of  Wales  and  all  other  Pretenders  and  their 
open  and  fecret  abettors^  which  enjoined  the 
taking  an  Qath  of  Abjuration  of  the  Pre- 
tender. The  King  gave  his  Royal  Affent'  to 
thcfc  two  AQ:s  by  Commiflion,  on  the  2^ 
and  7*^  of  Marchj  ancl  died  pn  i;he  8*  of,  the 

*D4  THE 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Ivi  THE    LIFE    OF 

THE  difference  which  had  happcnU  the 
year  before  between  the  two  Houfesof  Colii- 
vocation,  on  account  of  their  Jtirildidion,  hay- 
ing occafion'd  fever al  Pamphlets,   wherein  a 
relation  was  given  of  their  Proceedings  againft 
Qhrifiianity  not  Mjfterious  $  and  Mr-  Tolanj> 
'finding  himfelf  ill  us'd  in   thofe  that  were 
written  in  favour  of  the  tower  Houfe  5    he 
publifli'd,  Vindicius  Liberius;    or,  Mr. To- 
i*AND*s  defence  ofhimfelf,  againji  the  Lmvtt 
Houfe  of  Convocation  and  others  h  iJiJher em 
{bepdes  his  Letters  to  the  Tnolocutor)  cer^ 
tain  Taffages  of  the  Booky  intituPd  Chrifti- 
anity  not  Myfkctions  are  explained,  and  others 
CorreSiedT  with  a  full  and  clear  Account  sf 
the  Author's  Principles  telating.  to  Chutch 
and  State  5   ard  a    Juftification    of   the 
Whigs   and  Common-wealths-men ,    againji 
the  Mifreprefentations  of  all  their  Oppofefs. 
1702.  i^.  •   •    ^ 

'AFTER  the  publication  of  this  Book, 
Mr.  ToLAND  went  to  the  Courts  of  Hanov 
ver  and  Berlin,  where  he  was  received  very 
gracioufly  by  the  Princefs  Sophia,  and  by 
the  Queen  of  Prussia  :  two  Princcfles,  who 
for  the  delicacy  of  their  Wit,  the  folidity  of 
their  Judgment,  and  the  fublimity  of  their 
Genius^  will  ever  be  accounted  the  glory  of  the 
fair  Sex.  Thcmoft  abftrufe  points  of  Philofo^hy 
were  no  jnore  than  a  matter  of  diverfion  to 

them  5 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mr-  TOR  AND.  ivji 

^em$,  ;:»dihcy  delighted  in  copycrfing  about 
'cm,  wiidnnen  of  wit  and  penctratio;i,  whofe 
notiom  were  new  or njncomnjon.  Mr.ToLAND 
h^d  the  honour  to  be  often/ admit^c(  incp 
their  Converfation  :  and  as  he  made  a  longer 
ft^y  at  Betlift  th^n  at  Hanover^  fo  he  bad 
frequent  opportuaitics  Qf  waiting  upon  the 
Queen,  who  took  a  plcafure  in  asking  him 
queftions,.  and  h(.ari(\g  his  paradoicical  Opinir 
ens.  This  gave  hifti  occ^on  tp  write  fomc 
Pieces,  which  he  pr^felitjcd  to  her  Mjyefty. 
-There  he  writ  like  wife  aRsiafiQq  of  t;he 
Courts  of  Pruffia  and  Hanpver.   \ 

APTER  his  return  into  Englapp,  he  put 
out  in  i704>  fome  Phflofophical  Lctt?|?8,  thre? 
pf  which  were  infcribed  to  Serena,  that  if 
the  Queen  of  Pruffia,  who,  he  afliMres  us,  was 
pleas'd  to  ask  his  Opinion  concerning  the  fub- 
jcds  of  them  :  Letters  to  Serena  :  contain^ 
ingy  I.  The  Origin  and  Force  of  Prejudices : 
IL  The  Hiftory  of  the  Souts  immortality  a- 
imng  the  Heathens.  III.  The  Origin  of  Ido- 
latry, andReafonsofHeathenifm.  As  alfo^ 
IV.  A  Letter  to  a  Gentleman  in  Holland^ 
fbowing  ^^lUozii^s  ^Jiem  of  Thilofpphy  to  be 
without  ai^  Tfinciple  qr  ^Qf^ndation.  V.,  Mo- 
tion ejfential  to  Matter  j  in^  anfwer  to  fome 
Remarks  by  a  Koble  Friend  qn  the  Cqnfuta^ 
tionof^^i^ozK.  "po  all  which  is  prefix' d^  a 
T^reface  5  being  a  Letter  to  a  Gentleman  in 
London-, '"  fent  togithef  with  the  foregoing 
^ifferfatibns^  And  declaring  the  fever al  Oc-^ 
•^         '  capons 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


cajions  of  writing  thim\   ''fh<feIIcftcrs;Wtfc 
animadverted  upon  fey  Mr.  W<yr'roK,   In  a 
Pamphlet,  call'd,  A  Letter  ta^MSEfii^^  aec^ 
Jioned  hj  Mr.  ToLAt^i^^s  Letters  r^  Serena. 

'  AT  the  fame  timc^  he  publifli'd  ah  lEngHfh 
Tranflation  of  the  Life  of  ^yEfop  by  M*)'nfieilr 
De  Me^iriac,  and  dedicated  it  to  Anthony 
CoLi.ii*s  Efq,  It  was  prefixed  to  the  Fables  of 
.^fop.  The  Fabled  of  \^fop:  with- the 
tnorat  Reflexions  'of  MOnJieur  S  a'  u  d  o  i  n. 
Tr (inflated  from  the  French.  To  A^hith^  is 
prefixed  hy  athot her  hand  y  The  true  Life  of 
^J^fop^  by  the  mofl:  learned  and  noble 
Critick^  Monjieur  De  yi^zivahCi  proving  by 
unquepiolHable  Authorities y  that  J^sov  was 
an  iffgefkiouSy  eloquent ^  and  comely  perpn,  a 
Courtief  and  Thilofopher  i  contrary  to  the 
fabulous  Relation  of  the  Monk  Planudej, 
who  makes  him  ftupid^  ftamtnering-,  a  buffoon^ 
and  monftroufly  deformed; 

i  N  the  year  r7Q5,  he  publifh'd  the  folr 
lowing  Pieces  : 

SOCINIANISM  iruly  Jlated :  being 
fn  example  of  fair  dealing  tn  Theologiad 
Controverjys.  To  which  is  prefix' d^  Jmiff^- 
fence  in  ^ijputes :  recommended  by  a  Vanr 
theifi  to  an  Orthodox  friend,    A  Pamphlet 

n+'  •, ;  ■'■ '  "■"■    "  ■■  ■  *  ." 

....  All 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Us)  f  ©land;  Ihe 

AN  Jccamt  »f  theCouipti  if}'Pri(ffi4 
find  Hanover :  fent  to  a  Minijtet  fif  State 
in  HoUfitidy  dedicated  to  the  Duke*  of  Sp; 
m&itct.  This  Account  was  trahflated  ihtd 
French,  Dutch,  and  High-Dufc'h.  Two  l^tt- 
tcrs  were  ptibliftiM  againft  dtj  4h  f)utch  r  ari4 
indeed>  'tis  but  an  indiflfcrent  performance.   ' 

THE  Ordinancesy  StatuUSi  and  TrHi- 
leges  of  the  R^ydl  Academy y  efetied  by  hfs 
Majefty  the  King  of  ^ruffiay  m  his  capital 
City  of  Berlin.  Tranjlated  from  the  Ori- 
ginal. 

THE  Memorial  of  the  State  of  England, 
in  Vindication  of  the  ^eeni  ^he  "Churchy 
and  the  Admintjlration :  dejign'd  to  rectify 
the  mutual  Mijtakes  of  TroteftantSy  and  tot 
unite  their  AffeBions  in  defence  of  our  Re-^ 
ligion  and  Liberty.  This  was  puHifli'd  with-* 
out  the  name  of  the  Author,  by  the  direcr 
tion  of  Mr.  Harley,  Secretary  of  State,  anci 
one  of  his  Patrons  and  BcnefadOrs,  againft 
the  Memorial  of  the  Church  of  England^ 
written  by  Counfcllor  Pooley  and  Dr.  Drake, 
with  a  dcfign  to  prejudice  and  influence  the 
People  in  the  Elcfkion  of  the  enfuing  Parlia- 
pient,  by  reprefenting  the  then  Whig  Admi- 
liiftration  as  contriving  the  Deftru£tion  of  the 
Churchj  and  coi^ntenancing  ixs  gre^teft  cne« 


mics. 


Mr. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


k.  THE    LIBE    OF 

,  Mr.  Tolakd's  Book  was  animadverted  up- 
on by  Thomas  BwAULiNS  E%  one  of  his 
intimate*  friends^  in  a  Letter  to  the  Author 
of  the  Memorial  of  the  StaSe  of  England^ 
wliich  contained  feveral  reflexions  againft  the 
Duke  of  Marlborough's  Condud  the  pre- 
ceding Campaign^  as  wellasjigaioftMnHAR- 
LEY.  This  Pamphlet  did  very  much  exafpe- 
jate  them  i  and  Mr.  WulliaM  Stephens, 
Redor  of  Sutton  in  Surrey,  being  found  the 
Fublifher  of  it,  and  refuting  to  be  an  evi- 
dence againft  Mr.  RAyLiNS,  he  was  fen- 
tenced  to  ftand  in  the  Pillory :  but  that  fen- 
tence  was  afterwards  remitted. 

Mr.  )Foj#AND  was  direded  to  anfwer 
Mr.  Kaulins's  Letter;  whereupon  he 
composed  another  Pamphlet,  intitled :  A  T^e- 
fence  of  her  Majejifs  Adminiftration :  par- 
ficuiartjty  againft  the  notorious  forgeries  and, 
calumnies  wifh  which  his  Grace  tne  ^uke  of 
Marlborough,  and  the  right  honouraite 
Mr.  Secretary  Harley,  arefcandaloujly  de- 
fanid  and  ajpers'd  in  a  lat^  fcurrilous  In^ 
veifive,  entitukd,  "  A  Letter  to  the  Author 
**  of  the  Memorial  of  the  State  of  England.** 
This  Anfwer  was  immediately  put  tx>  the 
prefs :  but  for  fome  particular  reafons  it  wa^ 
fupprefs'd,  when  fix  or  fcycn  {hee|s  were  al^ 
icady  printed. 

by  Google 


Digitized 


Mn  TOLANb.  Jxi 

Mr.HARLEY  having  accidentally  founds  a- 
mong  fomc  other  Manufcripts,  a  Piece  call'd^ 
Oratio  ad  excitandos  contra  Galliam  Bri* 
tannos,  he  communicated  it  to  Mr.  Toland^ 
who  puWilh'd  it  in  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1707,  with  this  title:  Oratio  Philip- 
pica  ad  excitandos  contra  Galliam  Britannosi 
maxime  verb,  ne  de  7 ace  cum  viifis  prae- 
mature  agatur :  fdnBiori  Anglorum  Concilia 
exhibit  ay  Anno  a  Chrijlo  nato  1514*  Author e 
Matthaeo  Cardinale  Sedunenfii  qui  Gallo^ 
rum  ungues  non  refecandoSy  fed  penitus  evH- 
lendos  effe  voluit.  Tublica  luce^  ^iatriha 
praelifhinariy  &  Annotationibus  donavit  Jo- 
annes Toi^andus.  He  puWifli'd  it  at  the 
fame  time  in  Englifh. 

SOON  after,  he  put  out  The  EleSior 
^Palatine's  declaration^  lately  publijVdy  in 
favour  of  his  ^ rot  eft  ant  SubjeUsy  and  no- 
tiff  d  to  her  Majefty.  To  which  is  prefio^dy 
An  impartial  Account  of  the  Caufes  of  thofe 
Innovations  and  Grievances  about  Religion^ 
which  are  nam  fo  happily  redrefs'd  by  his 
Electoral  Highnefs.  This  he  publifh'd  at 
the  requeft  of  the  Eledor  Palatine's  Minifter, 
who  at  that  time  had  foine  particular  reafons 
to  make  himfelf  acceptable  to  his  Mafter : 
for  he  de/ired  to  be  raifed  from  the  title  of 
-Rcfident  to  that  of  Envoy.  Accordingly  be- 
ing informed  by  Mr.  Toland,  with  whom 
he  was  intimately  acquainted^  of  his  defign 

of 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


ixil  . tTH.fi    LIFE    Of 

of  going  Into  Germany^  he  encouraged  hlni 
.to  wait  upon  the  Elcdor,  and  gave  hiin;  In- 

ftrudion?  €onccrning  the  management  of  this 
Affair. 

Mu  ToLANb  fct  Out  for  Germany  towards 
the  middle  of  the  Spring.  He,  went  firft  to 
Berlin  :  but  an  incidenti  too  ludicrous  to  be 
mentioned  in  thefe  Memoirs,  obliged  him  to 
leave  that  place  fooner  than  he  eipeded. 
Prom  thcnc?  he  went  to  HanoVer,  where  he 
found  that  they  Were  not  pleas'd  with  fomc 
Obfervations  he  had  made  in  his  Account  of 
the  Court  of  Hanover^  on  the  territories  of 
a  neighbouring  Prince-  He  proceeded  to 
Duffeldorp,  and  was  very  gtacioufly  received 
by  his  Eledoral  Highnefs,  who,  in  Gonfidera-^ 
tion  of  the  Englim  Pamphlet  he  had  pub-» 
lifh'd,  prcfented  him  with  a  Golden  Chain 
and  Medal,  and  a  purfe  of .  a  hundred  Ducats^ 
He  went  afterwards  to  Vienna,  being  com- 
miffion'd  by  a  famous  French  Banker,  then  in 
Holfand,  who  wanted  a. powerful  protedion, 
to  engage  the  Imperial;  Minifters  to  procure 
liim  the  title  of  Count  of  the  Empire^  iot 
which  he  was  ready  to  pay  a  good  fnm  of 
money  :  but  they  did  not  think  fit  to  meddle 
with  that  affair,  and  all  \i\%  attempts  p]X)ved 
tmfuccefsfuL  From  Vienna  he  vifited  Prague 
in  Bohemia,  where  the  Irifh  Francifcans  gavd 
him  the  Teftimonial  above-raention'd.  And 
iu>w   his  money   being  all   fpcnt^    he  was 

fQr<;ed 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mr.   T  or  AND.  Ixiu 

forced  to  make  a  hard  Ihift  to  get  back  to 
HoUahd/  where  heitaJj^'d  till  the  year  17 lo, 

BEING  at  the  Hffgue,  he  publifli'd  in 
1709.  a  Volume  containing  two  Latin  Dit 
Tertarions :  the  firft  he  call'd,  Adeifidaetnm^ 
five  Titus  Livius  k  fuperjtitione  viiidicdtus. 
In  qua  13ijfeTtatione  frobatuty  Livium  Hi- 
ftoricum  in  Sdcris^  TrodigiiSy  &  Ofientis 
Romanorum  enarrandis,  haudquaquam  fuijfe 
creduium  aut  fuperftiiiofum  i  ipfamque  fuper- 
ftitumem  non  minus  Reifublica  {fi  nan  md- 
gis)  exitiofam  ejfey  quam  purum  putum  Athe- 
ifmum.  Autore  J.  Tolando.  He  prefixil  to 
it,  Epiftola  {qu£  ^rafationis  vices  Jiipplere 
pqffit)  ad  T)o.  Antonium  Collinum  At- 
migerumy  non  magis  integritate  morum  quam 
ingenii  dotibus  confpicuum  virum.  The  fe- 
cond  Diflcrtation  bears  the  title  of,  Origines 
yudaicae :  five^  Strabonis  de  Moyfe  &  Re* 
ligione  Judaica  Hiftoriay  brevitet  illufirata. 
In  this  Diflcrtation  he  gives  us  Strabo's  paf- 
fage  in  Greek  and  Latin,  with  his  Obferva- 
tions  upon  it,  wherein  he  feems  to  prefer  the 
Account  of  that  Pagan  Author  concerning 
Moses  and  the  Jcw^  Religion,  before  the 
Teftimony  of  the  Jews  themfelves  :  a  moft 
extravagant  imagination  !  In  the  fame  Diflcr- 
tation, he  ridicules  Huetius,  who  in  his 
^emonjhratio  Evangelica^  affirms  that  fome 
eminent  perfons  recorded  in  the  Old  Tefta- 
ment  are  allegorized  iu  the  Hcathenifli  My- 
thology i  that  Moses,  for  inftan<:e,  is  undcr- 

ftood 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Jxiv  THE    LIFE    OF 

£toQd  by  the  name  of  Bacchus,  Typho,  Sr- 
i^Eifvsy  Priapus,  and  Adonis.  And  here 
M^.  ToLAND  does  not  feem  to  be  much  in 
the  wrong.  However,  Huetius  was  greatly 
provok'd  zt  this  attacks  and  he  exprefs'd  his 
rcfentment  in  a  French  L^^f^r,  firft  publilh'd 
in  the  Journal  of  Trcvoux,  and  afterwards 
printed  with  fome  ^iffertatians  of  HuEXiUsii 
coUefted  by  Abbot  Tilladet  (33). 

THE5E  two  Differtations  of  Mr.  To* 
liA^D^werc  anfwercd  by  Monfieur  la  Faye, 
JWinifter  at  Utrecht,  in  a  Book  printed  in  i709> 
calfd,  "Defenfio  ReligianiSy  nee  nan  Mofis  & 
gent  is  Judaic  £  contra  duas  ^ijfertatienes  Jo. 
ToLANDi,  quarumunainfcribiturj  Adcifidac- 
mon  i  altera  vero^  Antiquitates  Judaicae :  and 
by  Monlieur  Benoist,  Miniftcr  at  Delft,  in 
his  Milange  de  Remarques  Critiques^  Hifio- 
riqueSy  ThihfophiqueSy  Theologiques^  fur  les 
deux  T>i^ertations  de  Mr.  Toland,  intitu- 
leeSy  tune:  THomme  fans  Superftition,  c^ 
t autre  \  les.  Origines  Judaiques,  ^c.  Printed 
atPeifti7i2^ 

H  E  likcwife  put  out  at  Amfterdam  in  1 709* 
a  fecond  Edition  of  OratioThiliffica  &c :  to 
which  he  fubjoin'd  an  InVcftiVe  againft  the  Au-* 
thor  of  a  Rhapfody  publifti'd  monthly  at  Pa* 
ris>  under  the  title  of  Mercure  Gdant^  where* 
in,  as  you  may  eafily  gue^,  the  Condu^  of 

the 

(j3)  See  above,  pag.  n 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.  tOLAND.  liV 

the  Ailies>  as  well  as  their  rc(J>caive  interefts, 
were  rcprefcnted  with  a  notorious  partiality  : 
Gallus  Aretalogus,  odium  or  bis  &  ludibrium : 
five  Gallantis  Mercurii  gallantijfimus  fctif^ 
tor  vapulans. 

IN  the  beginning  of  17 lo  he  publifii'd 
without  his  name,  a  French  Pamphlet  rela- 
ting to  Dr.  SacheV£rell:  Lettre  dim 
Anglais  a  un  HollandoiSy  au  fujet  du  T^oc- 
teur  SacheVerell,  prefentement  en  or- 
rSt  par  ordre  des  Communes  de  la  Grande 
Bretagney  &  accufe  de  hauts  Crimes  ^ 
Malverfations  a  la  Barre  des  Seigneurs^ 
In  4t^. 

WHILE  he  was  in  Holland,  he  hid  th^ 
good  fortune  to  get  acquainted  with  Prince 
EuGENfi  of  Savoy,  who  gave  hhtx  fcvcral 
marks  of  his  Geneirofity.  "^ 

AFTER  his  return  to  England  he  pufe 
out,  in  171 1,  The  ^efcription  of  Epfom^ 
with-fhe  Humours  and  Toliticks  of  that 
^{ace:  in  a  Letter  to  Eudoxa  (34).  There 
is  addedj  A  Tranjlatton  of  four  Letters  out 
of  Pliny.  Thefe  four  Letters  he  publifli'd, 
as  a  Specimen  of  the  Tranflation   he   was 

Vox.  L  *E  making 

C54}  That  Defiriptm  is  infertcd  in  this  CcUeBm^  Vol.  IL 

SLg.  91*    but  With   fo  many  Corredions,  Additions^  and 
otes,  that  it  is  in  fome  meafure,  a  new  work ;  and  for 
that  reafojQ  Mt«  Toland  called  it,  A  9w  Vefmftitn  iff 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Ixvi  THE    LIPE     OE 

making  of  Pltky's  Letters  \^  bat   how   far 
he  carried  thai  dcfign,  I  cannot  tell  (3  >). 

THE  year  following  he  publifli'd  : 

A  Letter  againji  Topery  :  particularly  a- 
gainfi  admitting  the  Authority  of  Fathers 
or  Councils  in  Contro'verjies  of  Rtligion  : 
by  Sophia  Charlotte  the  late  ^een  of 
^rujffla.  Being  an  Anfwer  to  a  Letter 
written  to  her  Majejiy  by  Father  Vota,  an 
Italian  Jefuity  Confejfor  to  King  Augustus. 
There  is  prefix  d  by  the  Tublijhery  a  Letter 
containing  the  occnfion  of  the  §lueen*s  wr/- 
ting,  and  an  Apology  for  the  Church  of 
England. 

HER  Majejlfs  Reafons  for  creating  the 
EleBoral  Trince  of  Hanover  a  Teer  of  this 
Realm  {i^):  or^  the  Preamble  to  his  Tatent 
as  T^uke  of  Cambridge.  In  Latin  and  Eng^ 
lifh  s  i^ith  Remarks  upon  the  fame.   In  4<'. 

THB  grand  Myjlery  laid  open:  namely^ 
by  dividing  of  the  ^rotejtants  to  weaken 
the  Hanover  Succeffiony  jmd  by  defeating  the 
Succeffion  to  extirpate  the  Trotejlant  Reli- 
gion. To  which  is  added^  The  Sacrednefs  of 
'Farliamentary  Securities,  ^^i^/i  thofe^  who 
wou'd  irklireifly  this  year^  or  more  tndire£fly 

the 

(3  5)  Ail  the  Letters  he  has  tranflntcd  are  in  xh\$CoU 
UBicHs  Vol.  II.  pag.,  48. 
(36)  Id  the  year  170^. 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mr.    TOLAND.  Ixvii 

the  next  {if  they  live  fo  long)  attack  the  pub- 
lick  funds, 

A  T  that  time,  he  undertook  to  publifli  a 
new  Edition  of  Cicero's  Works  by  Sub- 
fcription,  and  gave  an  account  of  his  plan 
in  a  Differtation,  entitled :  Cicero  illuflratuSy 
^ijfertatio  Vhilologico-Critica :  Jive  Conci- 
lium de  toto  edendo  Cicetone^  alia  plane  me- 
thodo  quam  hoBenus  unquam  fa£ium.  This 
Piece,  I  know,  you  have  been  enquiring  after 
a  long  time :  but  cou'd  never  meet  with  it. 
It  is  Very  fcarcc ;  and  the  reafon  is,  that  it 
was  never  made  publick :  Mr.  Toland  hav- 
ing only  printed  a  few  Copies  at  his  own 
charge,  to  diftribute  among  his  friends  and 
Subfcribers(37). 

IN  171 3  lie  put  out.  An  Appeal  to  honefi 
People  againft  wicked  Trie  ft  s :  ory  the  very 
Heathen  Laity  s  "Declarations  for  Civil  Obe- 
dience and  Liberty  of  ConfciencCy  contrary 
to  the  rebellious  and  perfecuting  Principles 
of  fome  of  the  old  Chrtftian  Clergy ;  with 
an  Application  to  the  corrupt  part  of  the 
Triejis  of  this  prefent  time :  publiflfd  on  OC' 
cajton  of  2)r.  SacheverellV  laji  Sermon. 

I>UNKIRK  or  Dover:  or  the  ^een*s 
flomur^  the  Nation*s  Safety ^  the  Liberties 

*E  z  of 

(57")  The  Reader  v^ill  find  ie  \h  this  Coium^^  Vol.  % 
fag.  2Z9. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


Ixvui  THE    L!FE    OF 

of  Europe^  and  the  ^eace  of  the  Worldy  all 
at  Jlake  till  that  Fort  and  Tart  he  totally 
demoliflid  by  the  French. 

THE  year  following,  he  publifli'd  feme 
other  Pamphlets  relating  to  the  prcfent  fitu- 
ation  of  Affairs  in  England :  viz.  * 

THE  Art  of  Reftoring:  Or^  the  Tiety 
and  Trobity  of  General  Monk  in  bringing 
about  the  laft  Reftoration^  evidenced  from 
his  own  Authentick  Letters:  with  a  juft 
Account  of  Sir  Roger  (3  8),  who  runs  the 
Tarallel  as  far  as  he  can.  In  a  Letter  to 
a  Minifter  of  State,  at  the  Court  of  Vienna. 
There  were  ten  editions  of  it  within  a  quar- 
tcr  of  a  year. 

AColleSiion  of  Letters  written  by  his  Ex- 
cellency  General  George  Monk,  afterwards 
!Di!^y&^  1?^  Albemarle,  relating  to  the 
Eejioration  of  the  Royal  Family.  With  an 
IntroduBiony  proving  by  incontejiable  Evi- 
dence, that  Monk  had  projeSted  that  Re- 
ft or  at  ion  in  Scotland  i  againft  the  Cavils 
of  thofe  who  woud  rob  him  of  the  merit  of 
this  A6tion. 

THE  funeral  Elogy  and  CharaBer  of  her 
Royal  Highnefsy  the  late  Trincefs  Sophia  : 
Wth   the    explication   of  her  confecration 

Medal, 

( J8)  The  Enfl  of  Onfordt 

'Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


Mr.  TOLAND.  Ixix 

Medal.  Written  originally  in  Latiny  tranjla- 
ted  into  Englijby  and  further  illuftratedy  by 
Mr.  ToLAND,  who  has  added  the  CharaSier 
of  the  King9  the  Trincey  and  the  Trine efs. 
This  Latin  Piece  was  written  by  Moniicur 
Cramer. 

THE  fame  year  Mr,  Toland  publifli'd, 
Reafons  for  naturalizing  the  Jews  in  Great 
Britain  and  Irelandy  on  the  fame  foot  with 
all  other  Nations.  Containing  alfoy  AT>e- 
fence  of  the  Jews  againft  all  ^vulgar  Trejudi-^ 
ces  in  all  Countries.  He  prefixed  to  it  an  in- 
genious^ but  fomewhat  ironical.  Dedication 
to  the  moft  Reverend  the  Arch-Biftiops,  and 
the  Right  Rcveriend  the  Bifhops,  of  both  Pro- 
vinces. 

IN  I7i7>  he  put  out.  The  State-Anatomy 
0f  Great  Britain.  Containing  a  particular  Ac- 
count of  its  fever al  Inter ejis  and  TartieSy 
their  bent  and  genius  5  and  what  each  ofthemy 
with  all  the  refi  of  Europe y  may  hope  or  fear 
from  the  Reign  and  Family  of  King  George. 
Being  a  Memorial  fent  by  an  intimate  friend 
to  a  foreign  Minijiery  lately  nominated  to  come 
for  the  Court  of  Englarid.  This  Trad  was 
anfwcif  d  by  Dr.  Fiddes,  Chaplain  to  the  Earl 
of  Oxford,  and  by  Daniel  de  Foe  :  where- 
upon  Mr.  Toland  pttblifli'd.  The  fecond 
Tart  of  the  State-Anatomyy  &c.  Containing 
a  fbort  Vindication  of  the  former  Tart^  a* 
gainft  the  Mifreprefentations  of  the  ignorant 

*E  J  or 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


Ixx  THE    LIFE    OF 

or  the   malicious^  efpecially  relating  to  our 
Minificrs  of  State  and  to  Foreigners ;  with 
fame  RejJetiions  on  th(e  defima  Clamour  a- 
gainft  the  Armyy  and  on  the  ^uedijh  Confpira^ 
cy.     Alfoy   Letters  to  his  Grace^   the  late 
Archbi^op  of  Canterbury y  and  to  the'Diffent- 
ing  Mintjiers  of  all  denominations ^  in  the 
Tear  1705-6,  about  a  GeneralTolerationyWith 
fome  of  their  Anfwers  to  the  Author :  who 
now  offers  to  public k  Confiderationy  what  was 
then  tranfaaed  for  private  SatisfaBion  5  to- 
gether with  a  Letter  from  their  High  Mi^h- 
tineffes  the   States-General  of  the  United 
^ProvirueSy  on  the  fame  fubje£i.      Mr.  To- 
LAND  ufed  to  prefix  long  Title?  to  his  Books, 
the  better,  I  fuppofe,  to  recommend  them  to 
the  Bookfellers. 

IN  the  Year  171 8,  he  publifh'd,  Nazare- 
nus :  ory  Jewifby  Gentile j  and  Mahometan 
Chrijlianity.  Containingy  the  hiftory  of  the 
ant  tent  Gofpel  of  Barnabas,  and  the  mo- 
dern Gofpel  of  the  Mahomet anSy  attributed  to 
the  fame  Apojlle :  this  laji  Gofpel  being  now 
fir  ft  made  known  among  Chriftians.  A^Oy  the 
Original  T Ian  of  Chriftianity  occafionally  ex- 
plain' d  in  the  htftory  of  the  NazarenSy  where- 
by diverfe  Controverfies  about  this  divine  {but 
highly  perverted  Inftitutioti)  may  be  happily 
terminated.  With  the  relation  of  an  Irijh  Ma- 
nufcript  of  the  four  Gofpelsy  as  likewife  a 
Summary  of  the  antient  Irifh  Chriftianity ^^ 
and  th^  reality  of  the  Reldees  {an  Order  of 

Lay^ 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


Mr.   TOLAND.  bcxi 

Layreligiaus)  againftthe  two  laft  Bijhops.&f 
Worcester.  Tlic  Original  T  Ian  ofChri- 
ftianityy  according  to  Mr.ToLAND,  was  this: 
that  the  Jews,  tho  aflbciating  with  the  con- 
verted Gentiles,  and  acknowledging  them  for 
brethren,  were  (till  toobferve  their  own  Law 
throughout  all  generations  5  and  that  the  Gen- 
tiles, who  became  fo  far  Jews  as  to  acknow- 
ledge one  God,  were  not  however  to  obferve 
the  jfcwifh  Law :  but  that  both  of  them  were 
to  be  for  ever  after  united  into  one  body  or 
fellowfhip,  in  that  part  of  Chriftianity  parti- 
cularly, which,  better  than  all  the  prepara- 
tive purgations  of  the  Philofophers,  requires 
the  fanftification  of  the  Spirit,  and  the  reno- 
vation of  the  inward  man  5  and  wherein  alone 
the  few  and  the  Gentile,  the  Civiliz'd  and  the 
Barbarian,  the  Freeman  and  the  Bondflave,  are 
all  one  in  Chrift,  however  otherwife  differing 
in  their  circumftances. 

THIS  Book  was  examined  by  Mr.  Man- 
gey  in  his  Remarks  upon  Nazarenus :  where- 
in the  fal/ity  of  Mr.  Toland V  Mahometan 
Go/pely  and  his  mifreprefentation  of  Mahome- 
tan  Sentiment Sy  in  reJpeB  of  Chrift ianityy  are 
fet  forth  i  the  hifiory  of  the  old  Nazaraans 
cleared  up^  and  the  whole  conduB  of  the  firfl 
Chrifvians  in  refpeB  of  the  Jewijb  LaWy  ex- 
plained and  defended:  by  Mr.  Paterson,  in 
his  Anti-NazarenuSy  by  way  of  Anfwer  to- 
Mr.  ToLAND  5  ory  a  Treatife  proving  the  ^di- 
^ine  original,  apd  ^pthority  of  the  Ho  h  Scr^r 

*  E  4  '  '  '      ^^^•^'  •  V 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Ixxii  TflE    LIFE    OF 

tures  againft  Atheifis^  JewSy  Heathens  y  Ma* 
hometansy  TapiftSy  Spinozay  and  other  mo- 
dern Errors  s  as  alfo  againfi  a  late  Tamphlet, 
entitledy "  ThcDiincultics  and  Difcouragcmcnts 
whidi  attend  the  Study  of  the  Scriptures  :"  and 
by  Dr.  Brett  in  the  Preface  of  hisTradition 
necejfary  to  explain  and  interpret  the  Holy 
Scriptures:  &c. 

THE  fame  year  he  put  out  a  Pamphlet, 
caird,  TheT>eJiiny  of  Rome:  or,  the  Proba- 
bility of  the  Jpeedy  and  final  T>eftru6tion  of 
the  Vope.  Concluded^  partly y  from  natural 
Reafonsy  and  political  Obfervations  \  and 
partly y  on  occafion  of  the  famous  "Prophecy 
of  St.MKLKCUYj  Archbijbop  of  Armagh y  in 
the  xiiV^  Century  :  fVhich curious  Tiecey  con- 
taining  Emblematical  Charadters  of  all  the 
^opesy  from  his  own  time  to  the  utter  Extir-^ 
pat  ion  of  themy  is  not  only  here  entirely  pub- 
lijb'd  i  but  Ukewife  fet  in  a  much  clearer 
light y  than  has  ever  hitherto  been  done.  In 
a  Letter  to  a  divine  of  the  Church  of  the 
Firfii'born. .  What  made  him  trifle  away  his 
time  upon  this  fubjeft,  I  will  not  pretend  to 
account  for :  I  Ihall  only  obferve,  that  this 
Prophecy  of  St.  Malachy  is  look'd  upon  as 
a  moft  filly  impertinent  forgery  by  the  beft  Po- 
pifh  Criticks,  and  has  been  demonftrated  to  be 
fo  by  the  ingenious., Father  Menestrier,  a 
Jefuit.  I  will  fend  you  his  Remarks  upon  it> 
If  you  h^vc  the  curipfity  to  f?e  them. 

m 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.  TOLA  ND.  IxxiU 

IN  the  beginning  of  the  Year  1720^ 
Dr.  Hare  having  put  out  a  fourth  Edition  of 
his  Vifitation  Sermon  entitled.  Church  Autho- 
rity vindicatedy  &c  5  with  a  Poftfcript  con-, 
cerning  Mr.ToLAND,  he  publifh'd  the  fol- 
lowing Advertifcment  in  the  Poft-Man  (39)  : 
^^  Whereas  the  Reverend  Dr.  Hare,  in  the 
"  Poftfcript  to  the  4«^  Edition  of  his  Sermon 
"  {Church  Authority  vindicated)  publifli'd 
*^  laft  Friday,  fpeaking  of  the  Right  Reverend 
"the  Bifliop  of  Bangor's  Writings,  ufes  the 
"  following  words  in  page  48.  Itmuft  be  aU 
"  low' d  his  Lordfhip  judges  "Very  truly y  when 
"  he  faySy  they  are  faint  refemblances  of 
^^  Mr.  Chillingworth  :  For  envy  it  felf 
"  tnujl  owny  his  Lordjbip  has  fome  refem- 
^^  blance  to  that  Great  Man  5  juft  fuch  a  one 
"  as  Mr.  ToLAND  has  to  Mr.  Locke,  who,  in 
"  Chriftianity  not  Myfterious,  is  often  quoted 
"  to  fupport  Notions  he  never  dreanid  of. 
*^  Now,  this  is  to  inform  all  thofe  who  have 
"  not  read  Chriftianity  not  Myfterious,  that  I 
*^  have  never  nam'd  Mr.  Locke  in  any  Edi- 
"  tion  of  that  Book  5  and  that  far  from  often 
*'  quoting  him,  1  have  not  as  much  as  brought 
"  one  C^otation  out  of  him  to  fupport  No^ 
"  tions  he  never  dreanid  of  I  hope  Mr.  Locke 
**  himfelf  may  be  heard,  in  a  matter  wherein 
*^  he  is  fo  nearly  concerned.  In  the  Difputc 
*^  between  him  and  the  then  Bifliop  of  Wor- 
"  cefter,  Dr.  Stillingfleet,  his  Lordfliip 
**  was  pleased  to  aifirm,  that  what  he  opposed 

"  in 
(39)  TU  Fefi'Man^  from  Jimuary  30^  to  February  %.  x72o» 

by  Google 


Digitized  b 


Ixxiv  THE     LIFE    OF 

*^  in  my  Book  was  built  on  Mr.  Locke  j  of 
'^  which  Allegation  the  latter,  in  his  Second 
'^  Reply y  fufficiently  (hows  the  falfity.  The 
*^  Author  of  Chriftianity  not  Myfterious  (fays 
"  he.  Works y  Vol.  I.  page  138.)  fuppofesthat 
*'  we  muft  have  clear  and  dtftin£t  Ideas  of 
*^  whatever  we  pretend  to  any  certainty  of 
^^  in  our  Mind.  Tour  Lordjbip  calls  this 
<^  a  new  way  of  reafoning.  This  Cen- 
*^  tleman  of  this  new  way  of  reafoning^ 
'*  in  his  firfi  Chaptery  fays  fomething  which 
^^  has  a  conformity  with  fome  Notions 
^'  in  my  Book :  but  it  is  to  be  obferv'dy  he 
*^  [peaks  them  as  his  own  thought Sy  and 
^^  not  upon  my  Authority^  nor  with  taking 
*^  any  ndtice  of  me.  Thus  again,  in  page  440. 
^  granting  that  1  made  ufe  of  words  fomc- 
*'  what  like  his  (as  who  has  read  any  good 
*^  Philofopher  that  does  not  do  the  fame  ?) 
^*  /  humbly  conceive  alfiy  fays  he,  that  he 
^^  made  ufe  of  them  as  his  owny  and  not  as 
<^  tny  words  h  for  I  do  not  remember^  that 
^^  he  quotes  me  for  them.  This  I  am  fur  Cy  that 
'*  in  the  words  quoted  out  of  him  by  your  Lord- 
^^  fljipy  upon  which  my  Book  is  brought  in, 
**  there  is  not  one  fy liable  of  certainty  by 
^*  Ideas.  The  Bifhop  himfclt  was  forced  at 
'*  laft  to  own,  that  Mr,  Locke  and  I  went 
'^  upon  different  grounds  3  nay  he  averr'd  that 
"  mine  were  the  better  (whether  in  juftice  to 
"  me,  or  oppofition  to  him,  I  leave  to  the 
^^  judgment  of  the  Publick)  upon  which  Mr.' 
^«  Locke  reply'd,  pag.  44.3.  /  am  fupp^s'd  to 

Digitized  by  VjjOOQIC 


Mr.  TOLAND.  xxv 

"  y^/,  that  the  cauCe  why  I  continue  unfa- 
*^  tisfiedy  isy  that  the  Author  mentioned  went 
"  upon  aground  different  .from  mine :  Andy 
^^  to  fatisfy  me^  lam  told  his  way  is  better 
"  than  mine,  which  cannot  but  be  thought 
^^  an  Anfwer  very  likely  to  fatisfy  me.  He 
^^  fhows,  ia  a  word,  that  I  was  mifrcprefcnted 
*^  as  well  a3  himfclf,  and  prcffcs  the  Biftiop  of 
"  Worcester,  to  produce  the  parallel  places 
"  out  of  him  and  mc;  as  I  do  hereby  call 
^^  upon  the  Dean  of  Worcester,  to  (how, 
"  where  I  have  often^  or  once  quoted  Mr. 
**  Locke  to  fupport  Notions  he  never  dream' d 
^^  of.  As  Mr.  Locke  then  took  notice,  that 
"  his  Name  and  mine  were  to  be  join'd,  no 
"  matter  what  way ;  fo  people  cannot  but 
*^  now  obferve,  the  fame  Artifice  is  us'd  with 
"  regard  to  the  Biftiop  of  Bangor  :  For  which 
"  favour,  of  introducing  mc  into  fo  good 
"  Company,  I  thank  both  the  Dignitaries  of 
'^  Worcester  5  tho' I  fliou'd  never  importune 
*^  any  body  to  violate  the  Rules  of  Candor 
^'  and  Decorum,  in  doing  mc  a  like  kind- 
"  ncfs. 

J.  TolaiJd. 
London ,  Feb.  1.1710. 

I N  Anfwer  to  this  Advertifement,  Dr.HARE 
publifli'd  the  following  one  in  the  Daily- 
Courjljt  (40)  : 

(40)  n$  Daily  CpurafHf  February  j.  J720. 

•    ■  '  ■     •■    •   ■  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Ixxvi  tHE    LIFE    OF 

^'  Juft  publifh'd,  the  4'^  Edition  of, 

*^  The  Dean  of  Worccftcr's  Vifitation  Scr- 
^*  mon,  entitled.  Church  Authority  wndica- 
<*  ted.  Cin  the  Poftfcript  1.  9.  from  the  end, 
*'  infteadof  w  often  quoted^  ktA  makes  great 
"  «f/^  of  Mr.  Ix)cke'$  Trinciples.^  Sold  by 
"  J.  Roberts  near  the  Oxford  Arms  in  War- 
**  wick-lane.    Price  6d. 

Dr.  Hare's  Advertifcmcnt  occafion'd  the 
publilhing  of  a  Pamphlet,  with  this  title :  A 
Jbort  Ejfay  upon  Lyings  or,  a  defence  of  a 
Reverend  dignitary  y  who  Jiijfers  under  the 
^erfecutim  ef  Mr.  Tolamd,  for  a  Lapfus 
calami. 

U  P  O  N  a  difputc  between  the  Irifli  and 
JBritifh  Houfes  of  Lords  with  refped  to  Ap- 
peals, the  latter  ordered  a  Bili  to  be  brought 
in  for  the  better  fecuring  the  dependency  of 
the  Kingdom  of  Ir eland y  upon  the  Crown 
of  Great  Britain^  wherein  it  was  declared^ 
that  there  lay  an  Appeal  from  any  Decree  oi 
the  Houfe  of  Lords  in  Ireland  to  the  Houfc 
of  Lords  in  Great  Britain,  as  to  the  fiiptemc 
Court  of  Judicature  and  lafl  refort.  Some 
Pamptilets  were  printed  at  Dublin  in  favour 
of  the  Irifh  Houfe  of  Lords,  and  to  prevent 
the  pafling  of  that  Bill,  which  Mr.  Tolani> 
caus'd  to  be  reprinted  at  London :  and  he 
himCelf  publifh'd  on  that  occafion^  Reafons 

d  by  Google  ^  - 


Digitized  b 


Mn  T  O  L  A  N  D.  Jxxvii 

moft  humbly  offefd  to  the  honourable  Houfe 
of  Commons y  why  the  Bill fent  down  to  them 
from  the  moft  honourable  the  Houfe  of  Lords  y 
entitledy  A  Bill  for  the  better  fecuring  the 
Dependency  of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland  upon 
the  Crown  of  Great  Britain,  fkotid  not  fafs 
into  a  Law. 

ABOl^T  that  time,  he  printed  a  Latin 
Trad,  int\tled,  Tantheifticon:  five  Formula 
celebrandae  Sodalitatis  Socraticaey  in  tres 
^articulas  divifai  quae  ^ ant heift arum^  ftve 
Sodaliumy  continent y  I.  Mores  &  Axiomat^ : 
IL  Numen  &  Thilofophiam:  IIL  Libert a-^ 
temy  &  rum  fallentem  Legem  neque  fallen- 
dam.  ^raemittitury  de  antiquis  ^  novis 
Eruditorum  SodalitatibuSy  ut  &de  Univerfo 
infinito  &  aeternOy  T>iatriba.  Subjicitury  de 
duplici  Tantheiftarum  Thilo/Mia  fequenda, 
ac  de  Viri  Optimi  &  ornatijpmi  tdeay  2)//^ 
fertatiuncula.  CofmopoUy  M.^DCCiasi.  That 
Formula  celebrandae  Sodalitatis  Socraticaey 
is  written  by  way  of  Dialogue,  between  the 
Prciident  of  a  Philofophical  Society,  and  the 
Members  of  it.  The  Prefident  recommends 
to  them  the  love  of  Truth,  Liberty,  and 
Health  s  and  encourages  them  to  be  chearful, 
fobcr,  temperate,  and  free  from  Superftition : 
and  in  their  Anfwers  they  declare  their  rea- 
dinefs  to  obferve  his  Precepts.  He  now  and 
then  reads  to  them  paflfages  out  of  Cicero  or 
Seneca  5  and  fomctimcs  they  fing  all  toge- 
ther fome  Vcrfes  out  of  the  antient  Poets, 

fuitablc 

dbyGoOgl 


Digitized  b 


Ixxviii  THE    LIFE     OF 

fuitabic  to  their  Maxims.  As  to  the  Religi- 
on of  thefc  Philofophcrs,  their  name  fuffi- 
ciently  (hews  what  it  is.  They  are  Tanthe-^ 
ijisy  and  confcqucntly  acknowledge  no  other 
God  than  the  Univerfc.  And  if  wc  fiirthcr 
look  upon  this  Piece  as  made  up  of  Rcfponfcs, 
Lcflbns,  a  Philofophical  Canon,  and  a  fort 
of  Litany,  and  the  whole  printed  both  in  red 
and  black  j  we  fhall  hardly  forbear  thinking 
that  it  was  written  in  dcrifion  of  fome  Chri- 
(lian  Liturgies.  He  himfelf  feems  to  have 
been  fenfiblc,  tliat  he  iiad  too  much  indulged 
his  loofe  imagination  5  for  he  got  it  print- 
ed fecretly,  at  his  own  charge,  ind  but  a 
few  copies,  which  he  diftributed  with  a 
view  of  receiving  fome  prcfents  for  them. 

I  had  almoft  forgot  to  tell  you,  S  i  r,  that 
he  prefixed  before  this  Pamphlet  a  fliort 
Preface  under  tlie  name  of  Janus  Junius 
E0GANESIUS5  which,  tho'  it  was  his  true 
Ghrifteh-namc,  and  the  name  of  his  Coun- 
try, yet  it  ferv'd  for  as  good  a  cover  as 
any  he  cou'd  feign  or  invent  :  no  body- 
in  England,  being  acquainted  with  thefc 
particulars.  But  you  fee  now  plainly  the 
meaning  of  it.  From  Inis-EogaUy  i.  e.  Eo-^ 
gani  Inpula^  the  place  of  his  birth,  he  form- 
ed Eogane^usy  as  Trocormejiusy  or  Telopn^ 
nefius. 

SOME 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mr.   TOLAND.  Ixxix 

SOM£  time  after,  he  pubhfli'd  a  Book 
intitlcd,  Tetradymus.    Containing^  I.  Hode- 
Gus ;  or  the  Tillar  of  Cloud  and  FirCy  that 
guided  the  Ifraelites  in  the  Wildernefsy  not 
miraculous :  buty  as  faithfully  related  in  Ex- 
odusy  a  thing  equally  pra5iis'd  by  other  Na- 
tions^ and  in  thofe  places  not  onely  ufeful 
but  necejfary  (41).    11.  CLiDOPHORUSi  or  of 
the  Exoteric  and  Efoteric  Thilofophyy  that 
,  is,  of  the  External  and  Internal  "T^oBrine 
of  the  Ancients :   the  one  open  and  public y 
accommodated  to  popular  Prejudices  and  the 
eftablifb'd  Religions  5  the  other  private  and 
fecret^  whereiny  to  the  few  enable  and  dif 
cretCy  was  taught  the  real  Truth  ftript  of 
all  difguifes.    III.  Hypatia  i  or  the  hijiory 
of  a  moft  beaut ifuly  moji  virtuousy  moji  learn- 
edy  and  every  way  accompliflj'd  Lady  5  who 
was  torn  to  pieces  by  the  Clergy  of  Alexan- 
driay  to  gratify  the  pride y  emutationy  and 
cruelty  of  their  Archbi^op  Cyril,  commonly 
but  undefervedly  Jiitd  Saint  Cyril.    IV. 
Mangoneutes  :  being  a  defence  of  Naia- 
rcnus,  addrefs'd  to  the  right  reverend  }oim 
Lord  Bifbop  of  London  s   againjl  his  jLord- 

fbi/s 

(41)  That  Differtation  was  anfwer'd  in  a  Pamphlet 
cali'd ;  Hodegus  confuted :  or  a  flam  demoTifiration^  that  the  Fil- 
Jar  of  Cloud  and  Ftre^  that  guided  the  Ifraelites  in  the  Wildernefs^ 
nvas  not  a  Fire  of  human  Preparation^  hut  the  tnofi  miraculous 
frefeme  of  God  :  1 7 21.  In  8^.  And  in  a  Difcourfe  upon  the 
PtUar  of  Cloud  and  Ftre^  tuhich  guided  the  Ifraelttes  thro  the 
JVildemefsy  prov:n^  it  to  have  been  miraculous ;  dccafiond  by  a 
J>'rJfcTtatton  of  Mr.  Toland*i  calVd  Hod  ecus  :  inlcrtcd  in  the 
Su^iifftbeca  Literariay  &c*  lyijt    Numb.  V.    p«g«  i,^c* 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Ixxx  THE    LIFE    OF 

^iip's  Chaplain  ©r.  Man  gey,  kis  ^edicatdr 
Mr.  PaterSon,  and  {who  ought  to  have 
been  nanid  firft)  the  reverend  2)r.  Brett, 
once  belonging  to  his  Lordjibifs  Church. 

IN  the  laft  of  thcfc  Trads,  addrefs'd  to 
the  late  Bifhop  of  London,  he  infcrtcd  his 
Advertifement  againft  Dr.  Hare,  with  the 
Dodor's  Anfwer.  After  having  obfery'd 
*^  that  certain  men  (+2)  will  neither  allow 
**  themfelves  nor  others  to  commend  an)r 
**  thing  in  one  from  whom  they  differ  %  and 
*^  that  they  do  not  ftick  at  faying  any  thing 
**  to  his  prejudice,  be  it  ever  fo  improbable 
*^  or  even  falfe :"  and  that  "  thefe  are  the 
"  men  who  give  Religion  the  dccpeft  wounds, 
**  and  who  are  not  only  the  real  and  moft 
"  dangerous  unbelievers,  but  who  likewife 
*'  tempt  the  unwary  and  inconfiderate  to  bc- 
"  come  fuch :  for  if  they  were  heartily  per- 
"  fuaded  of  the  dodrines  of  Chriftianity, 
*^  they  wou'd  not,  in  direft  oppofition  to 
^^  them,  abandon  all  truth  and  charity  5  nor 
*^  wou'd  others  think,  they  only  made  a 
*^  gainful  trade  of  teaching  thofc  holy  doc* 
^^  trines,  but  becaufe  they  perceive  their  prac- 
*'  ticc  glaringly  contrary  to  their  profeflion. 
"  Now  fince  I  am  on  this  head,  pur  Cues  he, 
"  and  that,  at  the  beginning  of  this  Lettery  I 
*'  made  out  my  right  to  demand  juftice  of 
"  thofc  among  your  Lordlhip's  Clergy,  who 

«  had 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mr.  TOLAND.  Ixxxl 

^<  had  injured  mci  I  fliall  lay  before  you  the 
<<  caufe.of  fome  reafonable  complainr>  I  con* 
^<  ccive  ro  have  againft  Dr«  Har£>  a  Prebea* 
*^  dary  of  your  own  Cathedral.  This  leara« 
/<  ed  geatlemaa  hooking  me  into  a  work  of 
<^  hiSy  without  the  ieaft  occafionor  provoca* 
*^  tion,  I  publifh'd  the  following  Advertifi^ 
*<  tnent  on  the  fecond  of  laft  February^  in 
**  the  Toft-man  and  in  St.  Jamefs  Evening 

**  5P^  (43) Every  body  did  me  all  the 

^  fuSciCt  then^  I  cou'd  require  on  this  occa« 
^  iion,  except  Dr.  Hare  himfclf :  who^  far 
**  from  giving  glory  to  God,  and  ingenu« 
*'  oufly  ?icknowlcdging  his  fault,  gets  inferred 
"  in  the  Courant  of  next  day,  thefe  words  5 
*^  Inftead  of,  is  oftm  quoted^  read,  makes  great 
^'  ufe  of  Mr.  LockeV  Wnciples.  Firft, 
"  Mr.  Locke  peremptorily  difowns,  that  I 
*^  tnade  any  ufe  of  his  Trinciples^  to  Ji^port 
^^  notions  he  never  dreamt  ofi  and,  fccondly^ 
"  it  appears  by  the  whole  connexion,  that 
^  this  emendation  was  not  in  the  Dodor'$ 
^^  thoughts  at  the  beginning  j  or  fuppoling  it 
^  were^  that  it  ferves  his  caufe  as  little  as 
^^  the  other  way  of  (peaking:  iince  I  pro* 
^  cced  upon  different  Trincifles  from  Mr. 
<^  Locke,  and  Principles  that  are  better,  if 
<^  you  believe  the  then  Bilhop  of  Worcefter. 
^*  In  fine,  tm  Slip  of  the  Ten^  nor  any  of 
^  the  methods  laid  down  by  an  ingenious 
*^    Vol..  I.  I  wri- 

443)  See  the  jUhirttfimm  ^ore,  ptg^^Jjcxiii. 

Digitized  by.VjOOQlC 


Ixxxii  THE    LIFE    OF 

'^  writer  (44)):  can  poflibly  falvc  the  Dodor 
-<  from  pbUqwc  ckaling :  a$  the  drawing  inc 
*<'by:  thq  head  and  ihouldcrs  into  his  Pam- 
*'-phlet,  was  afincccffary  i  if  not  fpightful, 
^  with  regard  tQ  me  or  f«ne  other.  I  fay 
^^  it  again>  that  it  wou'd  have  been  no  con- 
^^  defceiifion  below  has  dignity,  iincc  he 
*^  vouchfafed  to  take  notice  of  me  at  all, 
^^  if  he  had  accused  his  memory,  or  in  any 
^f  other  maimer,  owti'd  his  miftake  5  inftead  of 
"  havkig'  recourfe  to  fhifts  that  deferve  a 
^  coarfer  name,  than  I  am  willing  to  give, 
*-^  out  of  refpe^  I  pay  him  on  other  accounts. 
^5  He  (hall  iind  no  man  more  ready  to  pro- 
<^  claim  hi3  real  merit,  as:  I  Ihall  have.fomc 
^*  occafion  to  do  fo,  before  I  finiOi  thisLet- 
'^.  tcr.  Uniformity  of  fentiments,  as  I  have 
!^  alicady  told  your  Lordfhipmore  than  once, 
^  fliail^  nevcx  be  the  ftaridard  of  my  cfteemj 
*^  and, Candor  fhall  ever  weigh  more  with 
^  me,    thaa  Learning  or   Parts,    which  yet 

V  with  all  the 'World  I  highly  admire^  How 
^  divioq  was.  that  faying  df  Prince  Eugene! 
f^  whefe  fending  a  mark  of  his  favor  from 
I'vLcifccftcrihoufe  to  the. reverend  Mr.  Whis- 
^A  t<m^itbulitfifirnve  m>tnt  all  his  fentimmts 

Y  (faid  he  toian  impertinent  zczXot)  yet  I 
i^neJiejemJhha,  ^^  fuffering  for  what  he's  per^ 
^^fkadettto  ke^i^e  truth.  What  a  reproach 
1^  is  thisf  to  his  ProteftantPcrfccutors,  out 

C44)  A  fimtBlfTf^n  Ljh^  tKc 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


^r.  TO  t  AND.  Ixxxiu 

^  of  the  mcMith  oi^  one  of  the  Roman  Com- 
''  munionr 

1 N  the  conclufion  of  that  Letter,  he  gives 

the   following  account*  of  his  Condud  and 

Sentiments :  *^  Notwithftanding,  fa^s  he  (45)^ 

"  the  imputations  of  Herefy  and  Infidelity  fo 

"  often  publifh'd  by  the  Clergy,  as'lately  in 

'*  the  vauntingeft  manner  by  one  not  im- 

"  known  to  you  (the  whiffling  and  the  ig- 

^  norant  being  ever  the  moft  arrogant  and 

"  confident)  I  aflfure  your  Lordfliip,  that  the 

"  Purity  of  Religion,  and  the  Prolperity  of 

^  the  State,  have  been  ever  my  chiefeft  aims* 

"  CivjL  Liberty  and  Religious  Tolera- 

'^  TioN,  as  the  moft  defirable  things  in  this 

"  World,  the  moft  conducing  cto  peace,  plen- 

"  ty,  knowledge,   and  every  kind  of  happi- 

"  nefs,  have  been  the  two  main  objeffs  of 

"  all  my  writings.     But  as  by  Liberty  I  did 

^'  not  mean  Licentioufnefs,    fo  by  Tolera^ 

,  "  tion  I  did   not  mean   Indifference,    and 

^^  much  lefs  an  Approbation  of  every  Reli- 

"  gion.that  I  coadfuffcr.     To  be  more  par- 

*^  ticular,  I  folemnly  profefs  to  your  Lord- 

^*  fliip,    that   the  Religion  taught  by  Jesus 

^  Christ  and  his  Apostles  (but  not  as  fince 

*^  corrupted  by   the  fubftradions,  additions, 

^  or  other  alterations  of  any  particular  n^aigi 

*«  or  company  of  men)   is  that  which  I  infi- 

^  nitely  prefer  before  dl  others.    I  do  over 

'*F  2  «  and 

145)  Pi>fr  a»$.  ')Jg        I 

Digitized  by  V;i'OOQIC 


Ixxxiv         THE    LIFE    OF 

**  aiid  over  again  repeat  Christ  ^nd  his 
"  Apostles>  exclufivc  of  either  Oral  Tradi- 
•'  tion,  or  the  determinations  of  Synods : 
*'  adding,  what  I  declared  before  to  the 
**  World,  that  Religion,  as  it  came  out  of 
<*  their  binds,  was  no  lefs  plain  and  pure, 
^'  than  ufcful  and  inftrudivci  and  that,  as 
<*  being  the  bufmefs  of  every  man,  it  was 
<<  equally  underftood  by  every  body.  For 
^  Christ  did  not  inftitute  one  Religion  fojr 
*«  the  learned,  and  another  for  the  vul- 
<'  gar,  &c. 

IN  the  Preface  to  this  Volume,  there  is 
likewife  a  Vindication  of  himfelf  and  his 
Opinions :  but  it  is  too  long  to  be  infcrtcd 
here. 

Dn  Hare  publifh'd  in  172 1,  a  Book  intitled. 
Scripture  vindicated  from  the  Mifrefrefevr 
tatians  of  the  Lord  Bijbop  of  Bangor  &c, 
and  in  the  Preface,  fpeaking  of  the  Covfiitu- 
tions  of  Carolina^  he  obfervcs,  that  by  one 
of  the  Articles,  none  arc  excluded  from  fet- 
ling  in  that  Country,  upon  the  account  of  their 
Opinions,  but  downright  AtheifiSy  fuchy  fays 
iic,  as  the  impious  Author  of  the  Pantheifti- 
con  \  and  at  the  bottom  of  the  page  he  hath 
the  Note  following  (46)  :  '*  This  Atheiftick 
^*  Writer  not  content  with  what  he  has 
^  dared  to  print  in  this  prophanc  Piece,  has, 

:  ^  I 

(4O  Pag*  »i. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mx.   TOLAND.  Ixxxf 

<^  I  am  told,  in  fomc  Copies  inferted  a  Prayer 
"  in  MSS.  in  tlicfe  or  the  like  words  : 

"  Omnipotens  &  Sempiteme  Bacche,  qui 
"  homnum  corda  donis  tuis  recrfas^  concede 
^'  pTQpitiuSy  ut  qui   hcfternis  pQCulis  itgroti 
^^  fait i  funty  hodiernis  cur entur^  ^ 
"  per  pocula  poculorum.    How  to 

'<  fill  the  blank  I  have  left,  I  do  not  remem* 
^'  ber.  Thus  prays  i\i\sVantheifi^  whofe  im- 
"  pudcnt  Blafphemics  loudly  call  for  the  Ani- 
*^  madvcrfions  of  the  Civil  Power. 

AND  upon  further  intelligence,  he  infer* 
ted  this  Advcrtifcment  in  the  Errata: 

"THE  Prayer  to  Bacchus,  p.xxi.  beings 
*^  to  the  beft  of  my  remembrance,  in  the  very 
"  words,  in  which  1  have  heard  it  repeated 
"  more  than  once  by  the  fame  perfon  j  and 
"  yet  difTering  much  in  expreifion  from  two 
"  written  Copies  I  have  lately  feeffj  (which 
'^  alfo  differ  from  each  other;)  I  tliought  it 
**  would  not  be  unacceptable  to  the  Reader, 
**  to  giyc  him  the  following  Copy  5  which, 
"  whatever  the  other  be,  I  c^  aflure  him  is 
^^  from  an  Original. 

"  Omnipotens  &  Sempiterne  Pacche,  qui 
^^  humanam  focietatem  maxume  in  bibendo 
^^  conftituifti  h  concede  propitiuSy  ut  iftorum 
*^  Cdpita^qui  hefierna  compotatione gravantur^ 
^'*  '  *  J  3  *^  ho^ 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Ixxxvi         the'  life    of 

^  hodierna  leventur  5  idq\Jiat  per  pocula  po- 
f^  culorum.    Amen. 

WHEN  Dr.  Hare's  Book  came  out,  I  J 
remember,  SiK,  you  ask'd  me  whether  Mr.  To- 
LAND  had  really  writ  this  Prayer :  I  cou'd  not 
then  anfwer  your  queftion  $  but  I  have  fince 
enquired  into  this  matter,  and  can  now  alTure 
you  that  he  never  dreamM  of  any  fuch  thing. 
The  perfon,  who,  I  am  told,  is  the  author  of  .. 
it,  I  will  forbear  to  name  upon  the  account 
of  his  profelHdn :  tho',  I  believe,  he  only  de- 
iign'd  it  as  a  ridicule  on  Mr.  Tol and's  Club 
of  Pantheift  Philofophers,  whom  he  imagined 
to  be  jail  drunkards  i  whereas  they  are  grave, 
fober,  and  temperate  men.  Upon  the  whole, 
it  muft  be  own'd,  that  as  there  is  more  wit  and 
humour,  fo  there  is  likewife  a  more  bare- 
faced prophanefs  in  this  Prayer,  than  in  any 
pafl3gt  of  the  Tantheijlicon. 

THE  fame  year,  Mr.  Toland  publifli'd 
fome  Letters  of  the  Eatl  of  Shaftsbury  to 
the  Lord  Molesworth,  with  an  Introdudioni 
wherein,  after  having  done  juftice  to  the  ex- 
traordinary parts  and  learning  of  the  Earl  of 
Shaftsbury,  he  gives  a  particular  account 
of  his  principles  and  condud  with  refped  to 
public  affairs :  Letters  from  the  right  ho- 
nourable the  late  Earl  of  Shaftsbury,  to 
Robert  Molesworth  Efqs  now  Lord  Vtf 
count  of  that  name.  With  two  Letters  wrtt- 

ten 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Air.  T  6 1 A  N  1>.  Ixxxvit 

ten  hy  the  late  iSV;^  John  Cropley.  Totsohkb 
is  prefixed  a  large  Introdudiion  by  the  Editor: 
Thcfc  Letters  turn  chiefly  upon  two  points, 
the  Love  of  one's  Country,  and  the  Choice 
of  a  Wife. 

Mr.  ToLAND  had  for  above  four  years  paft' 
liv'd  at  Putney,  from  whence  he  cou'd  con- 
veniently go  to  London  and  come  back  the 
fame  day  5  but  he  ufed  to  fpend  moft  part  of 
the  winter  in  London.  Being  in  town  about 
the  middle  of  December,  he  found  himfelf 
very  ill  i  having  been  lingring  for  fome  time 
before.  His  appetite  and  ftrength  faird  him  : 
and  a  certain  Dodor,  who  was  call'd  to  him, 
made  him  a  great  deal  worfe,  by  bringing  a 
continual  vomiting  and  loofene fs  upon  him. 
However,  he  made  a  fhift  to  return  to  Put- 
ney, where  he  grew  better,  and  had  fome 
hopes  of  recovery.  In  this  interval,  he  writ 
a  Differtation  to  fhew  the  uncertainty  of Pliy- 
lic,  and  the  danger  of  trufting  our  life  to 
thofe  who  pradifc  it :  while  by  our  own  care 
and  experience  we  might  cafUy  provide  fuch 
medicines  as  arc  proper  and  neceffary  for 
us  (47)-  He  did  likcwife  prepare  a  Preface, 
to  be  prefixed  before  a  Pamphlet,  cali'd  The 
danger  of  Mercenary  Parliament Sy  which.it 
was  thought  feafonable  to  Teprint  againft  the 
*F  4  ap- 

(47)  That  Differration,  intitled,  Vhy}c  ^bouf  Ttypdam^ 
h  printed  in  this  CoUiSm^  VoLII*  pag*  27}. 


Digitized 


by  Google 


IxxxviU         THE    LIFE    OF 

approaching  Eledion  of  a  new  Parliament. 
In  this  Piece>  he  dc%n'd  to  fet  forth  the  in- 
finite mifchiefs  of  long  and  t>ack'd Parliaments : 
but  he  cou'd  not  finifh  it  s  for  he  died  on 
Sunday  the  ii*^of  March  172 1-2,  about  four 
a-dock  in  the  morning.  He  behav'd  himfclf 
throughout  the  whole  courfe  of  his  ftciaiefs 
with  a  true  philofophical  patience^  and  look'd 
upon  death  without  the  Icaft  perturbation  of 
mind ;  bidding  farewell  to  thofc  about  him^ 
and  telling  them,  he  was  going  U  Jleep. 

SOME  few  days  before  be  died,  he  made 
the  foUowmg  Epitaph : 

H»     S.     E. 

JOANNES  TOLANDUS, 

^ui,  in  Hibemia  prope  T^eriam  natut^ 

In  Scotia  &  Hibemia  fiuduit^ 

Quod  Oxonii  quoque  fecit  adolefcensi 

jit  que  Ger  mania  plus  feme  I  petit  a^ 

Virilem  circa  Londinum  tranfegit  £taten:**i 

Omnium  Liter  arum  excultory 

Ac  Linguarum  plus  decern  fciens. 

Vfritatis  propugnatory 

t^ibertatis  ajfertor:    ' 

Nidffus  out  em  Senator  aut  Cliens, 

NiC  minis,  net  matis  eft  inflexus, 

J^in,  quam  elegit,  viam^perageret  j 

•       <-        Uttlt 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mr.   TOLA KD.  Ixxxix 

Utili  honeftum   anteferens, 
Spiritus   cum    athereo   patre;^ 
A  quo  frodilt  olimy   conjungitur  : 
Corpus  item^  nature  cedensy 
In  materno  gremio  reponitur,. 
Ipfe  "veto  aternum  eft  refurredturus. 
At  idem  futufus  Tolandus  nunquam. 
NatusNov.  30. 

Cetera  ex  Scriptis  pete. 


THUS^  S  y  R,  I  have  in  ob^edicaec  to  your 
commands,  an4  to  die  bcft  of  my  ability, 
given  you  an  Account  of  Mr.  Toland,  as  ofx 
Author.  1  have,  1  prefiune,  taken  notice  of 
all  the  Pieces  he  has  publilh'd  5  but  did  not 
think  it  worth  the  while  to  mention  his  Pro-^ 
jcfts.  He  hardly  put  out  a  Book,  but  he  pro- 
mised in  it  one  or  two  ixiore :  which  may  help 
fome  learned  German  Biographer,  to  enlarge 
Almeloveen's  Bibliotheca  promijfa  &  la* 
^ens.  The  moft  confidcrable  of  thefc  Pror 
jcfts,  and  Which,  I  believe,  he  intended  to 
purfue  in  good  earned,  was  his  Hiftory  of  the 
Druids.  But  I  am  credibly  informed,  that  he 
had  not  fo  much  as  be|;un  it.  He  has,  howe- 
ver, left  a  very  curious  Specimen  of  it,  in  three 
Letters  to  the  Lord  Mqlesworth  (48). 
■        •  ;   -  ■  X 

(48)  Yhftt  Sfecimm  the  Reader  ^ill  $nd  in  this  CoU^- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


xc  THE    LIFE    OF 

I  (hall  not  enter  into  Mr.  ToI/ANO's  per- 
fonal  Charafter,  fincc  you  have  not  required 
it  of  me.  Nor  will  I  mention  what  has  been 
faid  of  him  by  other  Authors;  fome  of  which 
have  carried  their  partiality  fo  far,  that  they 
won't  even  allow  him  one  fingle  commend- 
able quality.  111  give  you  an  inftance  of  this, 
from  a  late  weekly  Writer.  After  having 
mifteprefcnted  fome  circumftanccs  of  his  Life, 
he  proceeds  thus : 

<^  HIS-  Misfortunes,  fays  he  (49),  are  to 
"  be  afcribed  to  his  Vanity  5  he  afFeded  fln- 
"  gularity  in  all  things,  (an  eafy  way  of  be- 
"  ing  diftinguifhed)  he  would  rcjeft  an  Opi- 
"  nion,  merely  becaufe  an  eminent  Writer 
"  embraced  it  s  he  had  a  Smattering  in  many 
"  Languages,  was  a  Critick  in  none  5  his  Style 
"  was  low,  confufed,  and  difagreeable  5  he 
"  prefix'd  ajafeded  Titles  to  his  Trafts,  in  imi- 
"  tation  of  fome  ancient  Philofophers,  in 
^'  which  he  loved  to  talk  of  himfelf,  and  that 
in  a  moft  complaifant  manner.  Dabling 
in  Controverfy  was  his  Delight,  in  which 
he  was  rude,  pofitive,  and  always  in  the 
wrong.  His  being  known  to  the  world, 
^'  is  owing  chiefly  to  the  Animadverfions  of 
"  learned  Men  upon  his  Writings,  ampng 
^'  whom  'twas  a  common  trick  in  their  Dif- 

"  putes 

(49)  ;7T&f  FreehUers  JoufnaU    March  21,  I)*!* 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


tc 


iC 


Mr.  TQLAND.  xci 

^^  putes  with  one  another,  to  charge  their 
<^  Advcrfary  with  an  agreement  to,  or  re- 
*^  femblance  of  Mr.  Toland's  Notions,  as 
"  the  greatcft  Infamy,  and  the  fhreft  Crite- 
^^  nan  of  Error.  No  man  that  wrote  fo 
^'  voiuminoufly  againft  Religion,  has  ever 
^^  done  fo  little  mifchief  5  'tis  a  Queftion  whe- 
^^  ther  he  was  more  pitied  by  the  pious  part 
"  of  mankind,  or  defpifcd  by  his  fellow  In- 
*^  fidels.  He  was  happy  in  one  circumftancc, 
*^  that  he  expired  the  fame  Day  with  the  Par- 
"  liament  (50),  whereby  the  little  ftream  of 
*^  his  Impiety  Tcaped  the  notice  of  thofc,  who 
"  had  their  eyes  fix'd  upon  the  abatement  of 
"  a  deluge  of  Iniquity." 

YOU  eafily  perceive.  Sir,  that  fevcral 
things  here  are  overftrain'd,  or  purpofely  fug- 
gefted  to  make  Mr.  Toland  odious  and  con- 
temptible. After  all,  it  muft  be  own  d,  that 
he  might  have  employed  his  Talents  much 
better  than  he  has  done.  But  he  had  the 
misfortune  to  fall  into  an ,  idle  indifcreet  way 
of  living,  which  he  indulged  to  his  death, 
notwithftanding  the  repeated  advices  and  re- 
monftrances  of  his  bcft  friends.  It  were  to 
be  wifli'd,  he  had  confider'd  that  Wit  and 
Learning  don't  go  a  great  way  to  make  one 

efteem'd 

(50)  Mr.  Toland  did  not  exf/re  the  fame  day  with  the 
Parliament,  He  died  on  the  eleventh,  und  the  Purliamcnt 
was  dilTolv^d  on  the  tenth  of  Marck 


Digitized 


by  Google 


xcii  THp    LIFE,    &C. 

cftecm'd  and  rcfpe£tcd  in  the  world,  if  they 
are  not  attended  with  thofc  focial  Virtues, 
which  arc  the  ornaments  as  well  as  the  dutic§ 
of  every  man. 

I  am. 


S  xu, 


Your  moft  humble  and 

moft  obedient  fervant 


/A  N 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


AN     £  L  E  G  Y 

On  the  late  in^ehibtis  Mr.  T  o  jl  a  n  d  ♦• 

OToLAND  r  mighty  ftietid  to  iiacUr4f*S  laws. 
Thou  great  fupponj  of  Tnithiind  Reafbn's 
caufe ; 
Art  thou  no  more  ?  Is  thy  laft  breath  expired  ? 
And  nature  to  her  ancient  feat  rctir'd  ? 
Each  jarring  element  gone  angry  home  ? 
And  Mafler  Toland  a  Non-ens  becomb'  ? 
Is  all  thy  eloquent  bi-eath,  thy  wond'rous  boaft 
Of  argument,  in  boundlefs  iEcher  loft  ? 
Earth  gone  to  earth,  the  mouldering  fubftance  muft. 
By  ilow  degrees,  diflblve  to  native  Duft. 
The  cooler  fluids,  and  the  wat'ry  part 
That  dampt  thy  blood,  and  quench'd  thy  noble  heart. 
Now  leave  the  ftiff  unanimat^d  clay. 
And  to  their  mother  Ocean  fcek  their  way. 
The  purer  genial  pow'rs,  the  vital  flame,     . 
That  mov'd  and  quickened  the  mechanick  frame. 
Is  flown  aloft,  a  fpark,  a  borrowed  ray. 
And  reunited  to  the  Prince  of  Day. 
Oh  !  weep,  Britannia's  fons^  your  chamjiffon's  dead* 
The  patron  of  your  Liberty  is  fled. 
O  Libeny !  thou  Godd^fs  heavenly  bright ! 
That  doft  impart  thy  radiant  beams  of  light 
To  this  bleft  Iflc,  which  of  thy  darling  train. 
Will,  like  this  Hero,  thy  juft  caufe  maintain  ? 
How  greatly  brave  has  he  undaunted  ftood 
Againft  a  torrent,  an  impetuous  flood. 

Of 

♦ThisEttGY  was  publifhM  feme  days  after  Mr.  To- 
i^ANp'ii  PcAch  i  and  'tis  a  matter  of  doubc  with  fomc  people^ 
whether  the  Author  defign'd  topraife  w  to  ridicule  him. 

DigitizecLby  VjOOQIC 


AN    ELEGY. 

Of  bigotted  Enthufiafts,  and  tricks 
Of  Pedantry,  and  prieftly  Politicks ! 
Thou  pxtgntLQt  Genius,  who  thy  praife  caii  t^I  ?^ 
Thy  Reafon  4id,  like  morning  fun,  dilpei . 
Dark  clouds  of  Ignorance,  and  break  the  fpell 
Of  Rome's  Inchantmcnts,  and  the  leflcr  frauds 
Of  Churches  Proteftant,  and  Englifli  Liwuds. 
To  thee  we  owe,  to  thy  viftorious  hand, 
A  refcu  d  People,  and  a  ranfom'd  Land. 
Thou  haft  broke  crfT  out  manacles  atid  chains, 
And  freed  our  minds  of  fuperftitious  pains. 
Thy  finning  lamp  ha«  brought  refpiendent  day,  * 
Finely  defa'ib'd  the  plain  and  eafy  way. 
Cleared  of  the  rubbifti  x)f  myfterious  Schods,        ^ 
And  mazes  intricate  of  pious  fools,  > 

Enflav'd  to  narrow  Forms,  and  captivating  Rules- J 
Oh !  hadft  thmi  liv<l  to  banilh  all  the  Dreams 
Of  fab'lous  Ages,  and  the  Monkifh  Themes 
Of  Miracles,  of  Myfterles,  and  Tales, 
(Where  fancy  over  common  fenfe  prevails) 
Then  might  we  mourn  thy  fate  with  lefs  concern. 
With  lefs  regret  behold  thy  facred  Urn. 
Howe'er,  thy  great  example  has  infpir'd 
A  noble  emulation,  it  has  fir'd 
The  glowing  breafts  of  our  Britannick  Touth, 
With  love  of  Liberty,  and  love  of  Truth* 
Thou  ha<l  not  left  us  in  the  gloom  of  night. 
Some  Stars  we  have,  that  lend  a  friendly  light. 
That  flied  a  kiiid,  aufpicjious  influence. 
To  cherilh  Reafon,  and  to  ripen  Seafe. 

T  H  JB 

Digitized  by  VjOOQlC 


V 


THE 

CONTENTS 

O  F    T  H  E 

FIRST     VOLUME 

Specimen  of  the  Critical  Hiftory  of 
.     the  Celtic  RciigiQu    and  Learn- 
ing.:   containing  an  AccxHint   of 
the  Druids,  &c.  Pag.  i 

Mr.  Tate's  Queftions  about  the  Druids  and 
other  Brittifti  Antiquities,  with  Mr.  Jones's 
Ahfwer  to  them^  1 84 

Catalogus  njocum  (^uarundam  Armoricarum 
quas  Hibernicas  ejfe  defrehendi.         204 

Vocabularium  Armor icoHibernicum.       ziz 

A  Specimen  of  the  Armorican  Language.  220 

Cicero 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE     CONTENTS. 

Cicir4  iikfiratuSj  ^ijfertatio  Thilologicih 
CritlcAiJwe  Qoncilium  de  toto  edendo  Ci- 
cerone y  alia  plane  methodo  quam  ha£lenus 
unquam  faifum,  229 

CanjeBura  verqpmilis  de  prima  Tjpographia 
invent  tone.  297 

JJD^  generey  locOy  &  tempore  mortis  Jordxi^i 
Bruni  Nolani.  304 

An  Account  of  JordAno  Bruno's  Book,  of 
the   infinite  [  Univerfe    and   impir^eralne 

Worlds.        .       J    .         i     .  _   :    jid*  _ 

A  Catalogue  of  Books  mentioned  by  the  Fa- 
thers and  other  ancient  Writers^  as  truly 
or  falfly  afcrib'd  to  Jefus  Chrift,  his  A- 
pO(Ues>  and  other  eminent  Perfons.      3  56 

Th?  Secret  Hiftory  of  the  South-Sea  Scheme. 

.  •■    '404 

^  The  Scheme  or  pra^ical  Model  of  a  Nitionai 
Bank.  44' 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


A 

SPECIMEN 

OF  THE 

CRITICAL  HISTORY 

OF   THE 

CELTIC   RELIGION 

AND   LEARNING: 

CONTAINING 

An  Account  of  the  Drui  os,  or  the 

Pricfts  and  Judges ;  of  the  V  a  i  d  s^  or  the 
Diviners  and Phyficians  j  and  of  the  B  a  r  d  5, 
or  the  Poets  and  Heralds  of  the  antient 
Gauls,  Batons,  Irifli  and  Scots, 

WITH     THE 

Hi/l<ny  cf  A  BAR  IS  tke  Hyperborean, 
Prieft  of  the  Sun. 

In  THREE  LETTERS 

T  O 
The  Right  Honourabls 

THE  ^ t  O  R  D 

yiSCOUNT    MOLESWORTH. 
Vol.  I.  A 


Digitized 


by  Google 


3  1  f  .1 


/       I .  J '  - 


/••M 


:i;iir;'  r^i 


M   t;.  )i)l  ;i,..T 


1  i^i.       .\3  \i  I  ^ 


Digitized  by  LjOOQIC 


(i) 


tHE 
TO 

The  Right  HiONOURAiLE 

THE    LORD 
VISCOl!rNT    MOLESWORtH, 


OME  men.  My  Lord,  from 
a  natural  grcatnefs  of  {qui,  and 
others  from  a  fenfe  of  the  w^t 
of  Learning  in  themfclves,  or 
the  advantages  of  it  in  dthfcrs, 
have  many  times  liberally  coh- 

ttibuted  towards  the  advancement  oif  Letters. 

But  wheh  they,  whofe  excellent  natural  parts 

arexichiy  cultivated  by  found  Literature,  under-. 

take  the  protedion  of  the  Mufcs,  \iritcrs  feel 


Digitized 


byGocfgle 


4  THE    HISTORY 

a  double  incouragcmcnt  >  both  as  they  arc  hap- 
pily iaablcd  to  pcrfeft  their  ftuHies,  and  a$  their 
Patrons  are  true  judges  of  their  performance^, 
Tis  from  tliis  confideration  alone  (abftraded, 
Mr  LoRp,  from  all  that  you  have  already  done, 
or  may  hereafter  deferve  from  your  country ,  by 
an  unlhaken  love  of  Ltbeity)  that  I  prefume 
to  acquaint  your  Lordfliip  with  a  de%n,  which 
J  formed  fevcral  years  ago  at  Oxford,  and  which 
I  have  ever  fincc  kept  -in  view  5  coliefting,  as 
occafion  prcf?ntcd,  whajevcr^  might  any  yyqy 
tcnsl  to  the  aiJvaatagp  or  perfe^ioti.cif  it.  [  Tis 
to  write  TheHifiory  oftkeDKViDS,  contain- 
ing an  account  of  the  antient  Celtic  Re- 
jLiGioN  and  Literature  5  and  concerning 
whi(:h  I  beg:  your  patience  for;. a  little. wljilc. 
Thothis  be  a  fubjed,  that  will  be  naturally 
entertaining  to  the  curious  in  every  place  5  yet 
it  does  more  particularljr  concern  tlie  inhpibi- 
tants  of  antient  Gaule,  (tlbw  Tl-ance,  Flanders, 
the  Alpine  regions,  and  Lombardy)  and  of  all 
the  Britifh  Ifland^,  whofe  antiquities  are  hcr^ 
partly  explain'd  and  illuftrated,  paitly  vindica- 
ted and  refto/d.     It  will  fpupd  fomewhgtjKid- 
ly,  at  firft  hearing,  that  a  man  born  in  the  moft 
northern  (i)  Peninfula  of  Ireland^^  fhou  d  un- 

j     '  dcrtakc 

(i)  'This  pcnlnfiila  IS  ^//.BofirfAi,' Vulgarly  En^^feipw,  In 
%hole  Ifthmus  ftands  thecity  of  Lond<Jiiderry,  irfeJf  a  pe- 
ninfula, and,  if  the  tradition  be  tnie,  originally  a  fampus 
Grove  and  School  of  the  Druids.  Hence  comes  thfe  very 
n^me  pair^,  corruptly  pronpupc'^  i^/^j7i  which  in  Mitt: 
fignlfies  a  Qrcve,  particularly  of  Oaks.  The  great  COlum- 
BA  chang'd  it  into  a  College  for  Mbilks  (who  in  his  time 
wer^  r^^ir'4:  laymen,   that  Jiy.'d  by  xbe  labor  of  their 

hands) 

Digitized  by  Google  ■? 


or  THE  DRUIDS.  ^ 

demke  to  fct  the  Antiquities  of  Giiule  iii  H 
clearer  light  than  any  one  ha^  hitherto  dohei 
But  when 'tis  cOnfider'd>  that,  ovel:  ind  aboV'c 
vhat  he  knows  in  common,  I'elatlng  tb  the 
DauiDS,  with  the  leijfned  of  the  French  ni- 
tion^  (whofe  works  he  conftandy  reads  With 
uncommon  eftcerii)  he  lias  alfo  certain  othet 
advantages,  which  hone  of  thofe  writers  have 
ever  had:  wheni  this,  Ifay,  fc  confider'd,  theft 

: ,    A  3  an 

bnds)  as  moft  <^oinipbniy  the  ikcirei  places  o#  tlie"I|^ 

thens,  if  pleaiknt  or  commodious,  were  converted  to  tB# 

like  me  by  the  Chriftlans  after  their  o#ii  mamier.    Th?l 

Derry  is  the  Rohretutn  ox*  Camfus  rohmrm^  mentiOii'd  by 

BeDE   in  his  Ecclepafiicai  Hiftory :  but  not  ^riimstha^  now 

jirmaiby  in  the  fanie  province  oi^  Ulfter,    as  ihany  have 

erroneoufly  conceived  j  nor  yet  Durwgmh^  now  Durr0tigt\ 

in  that  01  Leinfter,  as  fome  have  no  le(s  groundleflyrfan* 

cy'd,  among  'iJlrhom  Archbiihop  tlSHfeR-    Dearmach  is  com* 

pounded  of  Dm'r  an  •ak  and  the  antieht  word  Math  (nd# 

Mgthaire)  2i  field.    They  who  did  not  know  io  much,  havt^ 

imapnM  it  fJrom  the  mere  found  to  be  Atmagh^  which,  fat 

fromCampus  roiofum^  fignifies  the  height  ir  muHt  p/MACHAi 

(fumamed  Mongru^dh  Qr  redhair'd)  a  Que^i of  Ireland,  and 

the  only  womati  that  eVer  fway'd  the  fbvereign  fceptre 

of  tkit  kingdom.    But  Armach  nevisr  was. a  moniltery 

founded  by  COlumba,  yrho   in  BfiD^Vtimei^  caU'd 

t  CoLUiM-ciLlE,  as  he's  by  the  Irifh  to  .this  day  :  where^ 

ks  it  Was  from   the  monafterics   of  D&fy    and  Ucohn^- 

iiB  Cwhich  laft,  tbo  the  fecond  erefted,  bicame  the  firft 

indignity)  that  all  the  other  monafteries  dedicated  to  CO« 

lUMBA,  whether  in  Jcptlaxid  or  Ireland,,  Were  fo  many 

colonies.*    This  is  attefted  by  the  juft  mciition'd**  Bbdb* 

no  lefs  than  by  all  the  Iriih  Anuslffis  fuice  their  itveral  fouii** 

dations. 

*  Fecerat  antem  [ColumiaI  priSis  hmba:  nomiae,,C^£tt]iCctL%t  toiler 
^iHia  in  Britaaniam  vchittt  monafte-  tvfi  IbiJ.  lib.  $.  cap.  lo. 
luim  nobile  inHibei&ia>  quod  a  Co-  **  "Six  quo  uttoqttemonaftolo.M 
fU  rob.  snm  Deatmach  lingua  Scoto*  ,  plurima  cxinde  monaft^ria,  pei  diw 
tarn  koc  eft  Ciifi^'ro&tfNiNf,  iRkator.  cipulos  ejal,  &  i&.  Britandiii  <&  IdT 
S{fi.  Ec^f,  iib.  3,  cap. 4.. ..  :  •.  '  Hibexaia  propag»ta  fant^  i» ^uibnif 
t  Qs^i,  viddicet'  ColumbA^  ikvtoi  omnibus'  idem'  m^oiM^lvnum  inCi^^ 
A  VovivUiS)  compofito  a  CelU  &  Co^    aum,  in  quo  ipfe  requieCcit  cov^ottf 

jjiincipatumtcaet.  l(nd,  Hb,s*^i^€ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


6  THE    HI&TORY 

all  tl)c  worv^r  about  tliis  affair  will  inftantiy 
ccafc.  Yec  kt  it  bo  fhiU  rcmcmber'd,  diait 
whatever  accompli(bmeiit  may^  cbniift  in  ^ 
knowlccige  of  langaages^  no  language  is  f  ealiy 
valuable,  but  as  fiar  as  it  ferves  to  *  convctfc  wit& 
^e  living,  on  to  learn  from  the  dead ;  and 
therefpre  were  that  knowledge  of  times^  and 
things  CQntaln'd  ia  Lapponian,  which  we  draw 
Crpqi  th$  Greec^  and  that  this  la£b  were^  as  bar- 
r(}ri  as  the  firft :  1  (hou^d  then  ftudy  Lapponian, 
andncgleftGreccj  for  all  its  fuperiority  over 
ttibft  tongues,  itii  rcfpe^  <^  ipnprpu?  ^KOMmr 
<;iatioo,  wpioufnefe  c«f  wools,  and*  variety- of 
expreffion.  But  a?  the  pj;ofbund;ignpra^ce  ar^d 
flavery  of  the  prcfentrGr6ec;s  does  not?  bti»der> 
but  that  dheir  anccftors  were  the  mcrflj  learned^ 
fplit^y  and  fres:  ^^5  ^U  i^ufppe.^  natipn*  5  fo 
no.rG^solutiovi  tbathas  befalleii  any  or  all  of  the 
Celtic  colonies,  can.  be  a  juft  prqufiice  a^juift 
the  trulyw  ancients  and>  undoubted  monuments 
they  may  be  able  to  furijifh,  towards  ipjprpving 
pr  reftoring  any  point:  pf  Learning.  Whether 
Acre  be  any,fuc^  moiiumcn^  or  not,  and  how 
%  ^fc;fUl  Qr,agrie,eat?lp,  wiU  i|»  tfcft  following 
ibccts.  appear. 

lie  AiM.CXRQ.  thoTe  Inftitutions  which  arc 
thou^t  to-  be  irrecoverably  loft^;  one  is  tbaf  of 
the  Druids  i  of  which  the  I^earned  have  hi- 
therto ^p^Tyjiijcrthino^  h[jif,by.fftrjiftBrAgmejBj» 
^prtcerp^rngthem  out  of  tti^%C3¥:a;pi^:4plW 
aluhorsi  Noi  are iux^ Fora^nentf aii^y^JptfKl^ 
ligible,  bc/»0l£,nc;v'ex^xf^au^^^ 

■      '      who 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


iKkywtreslimdilA' th»Cttlli&<lidlcAsr  K»hi«^ 
aac  ilcMrpi«i6ipia|^'fi)i;  namelf  I^Sn^  or  rtM^ 
iiifiilaiBliisiffi^  Cimtifi  i&tKA  cxdtid,  ^^dnhl. 

ittpuallyctbeir  oWtt  dkfeaisr  at(v  WiHi  r<l^c^. 
twenhochor  «k(  «6e  oid  Cdtb  €^<ittiil«,  j» 
tkvfepcraiifiaMb^f  tile  Genmtt'  Itttguage  andl 
theI.0w£tacdH  di&^w«difh,  Dimi^  lffopw«u 
gfauvandilftiURdlc^  iv^idiatiealt^dttlttcildftii^of 
ihcit  aM»»an«iotfi6r,  the  6oiAto  Kf^eAaC^ 
cfcv  fudF  a>  tlun^  as  a  puee  Godlk-  or  Ceftic 
Ibagoa^  cai^Hs  ^d  Of  couiU  exiftiftafly  a«»Wti^ 
ioMcvB^nvtiiS^wxdbisdky  noioiore  tI^|f 
gosr-  elenunts;:  bur  by  fivcki  ati'  oeighial  !««• 
goage:  is;  meant  rile  common  nsktr  amd  tFUtitii, 
dterprinaCHWOKft,.  andc^«ciaUy'thr((eeciliatt 
cootaidiDa-  tliac  runs- tdtro^  aU<  thfl  bcaiiche»f 
wJuacBby  ifaeyapc  intdligibktJS'  eocb  orhctf,  «t 
any  eaily  btoome  ibi  but  difSsrtnv  firom  ail 
binde  a£  fjuecb  befides^.  Thus  tlve  Celtfia  mA 
tiscGotiiu^  \vi»cH'ba\%  beon  often  takucn- JBcii 
cacbothov  »:e  as  diffeient^itt  Latin  and  Am* 
bic.  ImlilcrmattnetAviieccmeeive'  of  tbeinvt', 
al  idioms' o^  the  Ohfoe  lai^age  ferniofly^-ift 
fiiccece  kM£' properly  fo  call'd,  inMaccdlslik^ 
kbOreteandthcrltands^of  thcArchlpdii^  ia 
Ma^  BOiodts,  pdrc  of  Itafy,  in  Sktly^  dnvt 
Mas£iil^$  andait<tld»time  ofi^e  Sdai^^DNiMi 
lan^a^Cr  'whofe.  dialcOs  not  only  prctraU^in 
Sjima,  Poland,  Bohemia,  Carijathia,  andiSt* 
^i  A  4  via, 

J  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


via,  but  in  a  great  many  ether  places,  too  tt^/ 
dious  to  recite.    But  of  thi$  fttbied  we  fliatt. 
treat  profeffcdly  in  a  (2)  ^ifferiatim  to  be  an- 
nex'd  to  the  work,  whereof  I  am  giving  your 
Lordfhip  an  actx>unt«    Neither  (hall  I  in  thb 
^^/«^im  dwell  (HI  ipmethu3^i  whereof  I  (hall 
principally  Mid  largely  treat  in  the  deftgn'd  Hi- 
fiory  5  I  mean,  the  Phitofophy  xrf  the  Druids 
cQupernitigthe  Gods,  human  Souls,  Nature  in 
general,  and  in  particular  the  heavenly  Bodies, 
their  mag^tucles,  ^notions,  diftances,  and  du- 
ra^onj  whereof  Cesar,  Piodorus  Siculus, 
Strabo,  Pomponius  Mela,  andAMMiAKUs 
Marc£|.(.imus  writemore  fpccially  than  others. 
Thefe  fubdcAs,  I  fay,  will  be  copioufly  handled 
and  commented,  in  my  Hijiory.    In  the  mean 
time  I  do  aflfure  you,  Mr  }U)rd,  from  all  authors, 
that  no  Heathen  Prieflhood  ever  came  up  to  the 
perfedion  of  the  Druidical,  which  was  for  more 
cxquidte  than  any.other  fuch  fyftem  $  as  having 
been  much  better  calculated  to  beget  Ignorance 
andanlmplicitc  difpoiition  in  the  people,  no. 
leis  than  to  procure  power  and  profit  to  the 
Priefts,  which  is  one  grand  difference  between 
the  true  worftiip  and  the  &lfe.    This  Weftera 
Priefthopd  did  infinitely  exceed  that  of  Zoro*- 
ASXER,  and  all  the  Eailern  facted  policy  ;  &> 
i^thg  Hifhry  of  the^ruidsy  infhortj  is  the 
€omlete  HifiQty  af  Trieftcr^fty  with  all  its 
realo^s  and  refibrts  5  which  to  diftingUifli  acctK 
«Sely  Irqro  jright  Religion,  is  not  only  the  iQ- 

'    (2)  A  DlSSBKTA¥lOK  tmemtng  the  Celtic  LtmgU0^  smd 

s.   f  w  ^  tereft 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  p 

tereft  of  all  wife  Princes  and  States^  but  hkc* 
wife  does  fpccially  concern  the  tranquillity  and 
happincfs  of  every  private  perfon.  I  have  ufed 
the  word  ^rieft craft  here  on  purpofc^  not 
merely  a$  being  the  beft  expreflion  for  the  de- 
Ugn'd  abufe  and  revcrfe  of  Religion,  (for  Super- 
ftition  is  only  Religion  mifunderftood)  but  alfo 
becaufe  the  coining  of  the  very  word  was  occa- 
fion'd  by  the  Druio  s  :  lince  the  Anglo-Saxons 
haying  learnt  the  word  ^ry  (3)  from  the  Irifli 
and  Britons  for  a  Magician^  did  very  appoHtely 
call  Magic  or  Inchantment  ^rycneft  (4) ;  as 
being  nothing  elfe  but  trick  aiul  illufton,  the 
£>urbery  of  Priefts  and  their  confederates^ 

III.  NOW,  this  Inftitution  of  the  Druids 
I,  think  myfelf,  without  any  confdoufnefs  of 
vanity,  much  abler  to  retrieve  (as  having  in- 
finitely better  helps  in  many  refpeds,  of  which^ 
before  I  have  done)  than  Dr.  Hyde  was  to  re- 
ftorc  the  knowledge  of  the  antient  Perfian  Lite- 
rature and  Religion;  which  yet  he  left  imperfcdr 
for  want  of  due  encouragement,  as  I  have  ftiown 
in  the  firft  chapter  oi  Mazaretms.  From  un^ 
doubted  Celtic  monuments,  joki'd  to  the  Greec 
and  Roman  remains,  I  can  difplay  the  order  of 
their  Hierardiy,  from  the  Arch-Druid  down 
to  the  meaneft  of  their  four  orders  of  Pricfts. 
Of  theie  degrees,  the  Arch-Druid  excepted, 
there's  litde  tabc  found  in  the  Claffic  authors, 

())  Fronounc'd  as  X)r««  in  EnglUh. 

(4)  Pjy  magusy  Drycri^t  incantatia.  ^Ifrh.  in  Qlojfar,    ^ 

that 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


riwt  ti«*  of  the  ©wicfc^ :  but  Very  miidi  and^ 
wy  piutkulariy,  in*  tfee  Cckic  wiitmgs  and* 
meiiumenis.  ¥e^  many  rcafon^  their Hiflkny 
i^  mofV  intMeffing  and  entertaining :  I  mean,  zsr 
OH  the  one  hanct  we  confider  tfecnt  i&dUting;^ 
tbeir  fbHowc»,  and  as  on*  the  other  hand  we 
Ifeam  not  to  be  fo-  deceived.  They  dfcxtrouflyj' 
littd  the  people  blindftdd^  by  committing  no  parr 
of  their  Theology  or  Philofephy  to  writing, 
tho^  great  writers,  in  other  relpef^sj  but  their 
dilates*  were  only  hereditarily  conveyed  from 
maftcrs  to  (tefcipk^  by  traditionary  Pocmsj  iir-^ 
terpretablc  (tortfcquently)>  and  alterable  as  tficy 
fliou'd  fee  convenient :  which  is  a  much  more 
effedual  way,  than  locking  up  a  book  from 
the  Laity,  that,  one  way  or-  other,  is  furc  to 
come  firft  or-  liafl?  to  their  knowledge,  andeaiy 
perhaps  to  be  tum'd  againl!  the  Prieffi;,  Tlfc 
DruicHs,  as^  may^  be  fecn  in-  the  6f^  book  of 
€i^^Kfi's  CofmnentarieSy  drew  the  decifionr  of 
all  controverflcs  of  Law^  and  Equity  to  t4icm»- 
{elves,  thediffributionof  all  pumfhment5  and 
rewards  5  from  tliepo^wer  that  was  firft*givciT, 
or  afterwards-  affhm'tt  by*  them,  of  determin- 
ing matters  of  Ceremony  and'Religion;  Moff 
terrible  were  theefFetgb^  the  Druidical(y)  Ex*- 
communication  on:  any*mani  that  did^notim* 

pliciteijp 

(r)  Ifdi«IeacfMdmi4er^  ¥»4ioi4iiiO¥rraiiy  eftht  ptfli^^ 
or  the  unlearned  reader  who  wants  authorities  for  provin|; 
the  following  affertions,  ftould.  wpnder  I  do  not  alwgy;  cite 
them  ;  let  it  be  know»  to^botK-,  tHtt  as  in-  xhir  Sfmim»  I 
^omflxoniji^oxifih.  hur  rl«rhB«k&  ofi  dm^^:  (^ai  vtpt  t^i  all 
things  neither)  fo  I  wou'd  not  crowd  the  margin  With  long 

paffiiges 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Ot  TUt  DRUIDS.  ti 

j)licitcly  follow  their  dircftions,  and  fubmittp 
iimt  decree  :  not  only  to  the  cxduding  of 
private  perfons  from  all  benefits  of  Society,  arid" 
even  from  fociety  itfelf  5  but  alfbtothe  dcpo> 
iin^  of  the  Princes  who  did  not  pleafe  them,  and 
often  devoting  them  to  deftraftipn.  Nor  left 
intolerable  was  rficir  power  of  engaging  the 
naiion  ih  war,  or  of  making  a  difkdvantageous 
and  diihonbiirable  peace  5  while  they  had  the 
s^ddreft  togct  themfelvcs  exempted  frgm  bear-^ 
ing  arms,  frying  taxes,  or  contributing  any 
thing  to  the  public  but  Charms :  and  yet  tq 
have  their  pqpfons  reputed  facred  andinviolablc, 
by^ioTe  even  of  the  contrary  fide,  which  ve- 
neration however  was  not  always  ftridly  paid. 
Thcfe  privileges  allur'd  great  numbers  to  enter 
into  their  communities,  for  fuch  Sodalities  or 
Fraternities  they  hadj  and  to  take  on  them  thet 
Druidical  profelfion,  to  be  perfc^  in  which, 
did  fometimcs  coft  them  twenty  years  ftudy. 
Nor  ought  this  to  feem a  wonder,  fincetoar- 
rivc  at  pcrfedion  in  Sophiftry  requires  a  long 
habit3  as  well  is  in  juggling,  in  which  laft  they 
were  very  expert :  but  to  be  mafters.of  both^ 
and  withal  to  learn  the  art  of  njanaging  the: 

paijbges,  nov -yet curtail  whatin  my  Wft^rjy  flmll  be  producM 
at  large  :  and  therefore  all  tlie  following  ctrattons  (the  ori* 
Sinai  manner  of  writing  Celtic  wo^s  eiEcepted)  are  eitbeia 
Simples  ot\  the  quotations  I  Ihall  give,  or  proofii  of  whae 
1  twott'd  not  for  amomenthave  ful'pefted  to  be  precariQufl]^' 
advafiQ*4)  or,  finally^  for  the  better  underftanding  of  ce|v 
tain  matters  which  come  in  by  way  of  digreflion  or  ilhiftra- 
tioi*.  Otherwife  they  'vcou'.d.not  be  neceftary  in  a  mere  Spe- 
cimen, thoUnafiuilh*dworkindifpenfable, 

mob> 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


t2  THE   HISTORV 

mob,  which  is  vulgarly  caird  kadif^  the  peit^ 
fie  by  the  nofe^  demands  abundant  fhidy  and 
cicjfcifc. 

IV-  TriE  children ofthclcvcralKing*,  with 
thofc  of  all  the  Nobility,  were  cpnunittcd  to 
the  tuition  of  the  Druids^  wheircby  they  had 
an  opportunity  (contrary  to  all  good  politics) 
of  molding  and  framing  them  to  their  own 
private  interefts  and  purpofcs  5  confidcring 
which  diredion  of  Education,  Patric^  had 
they  been  a  landed  Clergy y  wou'd  not  h«Vc 
found  the  conversion  of  Ireland  fo  eafy  a  task. 
So  cafy  indeed  it  was,  that  the  heathen  Mo^ 
narch  Laogirius  (who,  as  fpmfc  alTcrt,  was 
never  himfclf  converted)  and  all  the  provincial 
Kings,  granted  to  every  man  free  liberty  %i- 
preaching  and  profcffing  Chriftianity.  So  that, 
as  GiRALDUS  Cambrensis  remarks,  this  is  the 
only  country  of  Cliriftians,  where  no  body  was 
obliged  to  fufFcr  (6)  Martyrdom  for  the  GoJ^el. 
This  juftice  therefore  1  woud  do  to  Ireland^ 
even  if  it  had  not  been  my  country,  wz.  to 
maintain  that  this  Tolerating  principle,  this  Im^ 
partial  Liberty  (ever  fmce  unexampled  there 

i6)  Omnes  fan&i  terrae  Iftlus  tonfefibres  funt,  &  nullus^ 
martyr;  quod  In  alio  regno  Chrlftiano  difficile  ^it  iuvjcnire^ 
Mirum  Icaque  quod  gens  crudeliflima  & fanguinis  fttibunda^ 
lUes  ab  and  quo  fun  data  &  Temper  te^idifiima;  pro  Chriftr 
cccklla  corona  m^irtyrii  nulla.  .  Non  igitur  inventus  eft  in 
parcibus  illis,  gtii  ecclefiae  furgentis  fundamenta  fanguinls 
ciFiiilonecenienriiiet :  non  fuit,  qui  faceret  hoc  bonuQi  ; 
iipn  fuit  uft^ue  ad  uaum.     Ttftgr^h.  Hibern.  Diftinifi  3., 

as 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


O^   THE  DRUIDS.  i, 

il$  w«ll  as  elfewhqre>  China  excet)ted)  is  aiar 
gtc^t^j:  l^onour  to  it,  than  whatever  thing  moft. 
gipriotts  or  magnificent  can  bcfaid  of  any  other 
country  in  the  world-     Girald  on  the  con- 
tpaiy  (^  in  his  days  they  were  wont  to  over- 
rate Martyrdom,  Celibacy,  and  the  like,  much 
above  the  pofitive  duties  of  Religion)  thinks  it 
j|  reproach  to  the  Irilh,  that  none  af  their 
SaipU  cemented  the  foundations  of  the  grow-' 
ipg  Church  with  their  bloody  all  of  them  beinm 
Copfejfars^  fays  he,  and  not  one  able  to  bw^^ 
of  the  crown  of  Martyrdom.     But  who  fccJ^ 
pot  the  vanity  and  abfurdity  of  this  charge  ? 
ft  i$  blaming  the  Princes  and  People  fbr  their 
reafonabienefs,  moderation  and  humanity  $  zsL 
\X  is  taxing  the  new  Converts  for  not  fediti-: 
oufly  provoking  them  to  pcrfecute,  and  for 
not  madly  ranning  themfelves  to  a  voluntary 
death,  which  was  the  unjuftifiaHe  conduft  of 
m^ny  clfewhcrc   in  the  primitive  times  of: 
Chtiftianity,     Tis  xm  much  better  grounds, 
tho'  with  a  childifh  and  naufcous  jingle,  that 
he  a^icufes  the  Irifli  Clergy  of  his  own  time  : 
and  Tq  far  am  I  froni  being  an  enemy  to  the 
Clergy,  that  I  heartily  wifli  the  like  could  not* 
be  feid  of  any  Clergy,  whether  there,  or  here, 
pr  elfewhcre,   from  that  time  to  this.    Well 
theni;   what  is  it  I  They  are  Tafiorsy  iisys  ho 
{7)7  whofeeknottofeedy  but  to  be  fed:  Tre^ 

(7)  Sunt  enim  paftore^,  qui  non  pafcere  quaerunt,  fed 
^fci :  font  oradati,  ^\  iion  prodcffe  ciipiunt,  fed  pracefle : 
iunt  epifcopi,  qui  non  omen,  fed  nomeu^  nononuSi  fed' 
bcnorem  ampkttuntur.    Id.  Ihd. 

Iftesy 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


H  tHE    HISTORY 

ha^s,  Wba  dc/ke  not  to.  profit^  huttopNfide^ 
Bifbops^  wko  omkracf  not  the  nature^  tm  tht 
natne  5  not  the  bttrtheny  bitt  the  brw)»y  tf 
their  frof^on.  This,  Mr  Lord,  I  YedctiNci 
to  be  00  digreiKon  frdna  ohy  fub^d^  f^fttb 
n^faatiittl^e:  opp6fmoA  thbtc  happelitl  ik>  be  in 
Irdind  to  CiuriftiinJky,  'wis  wholly  mide  by 
the  Drvidst  or  dt  their  inlli^tion :  mA  Chat 
when  they  pcrcciv\i  this  new  Rtligkm  Ktet  Mr 
prtvaiU  iMite  tam6  into  it  Reedier,  o»  tnaidt 
a  mdre  advantageous  %ure  in  it,  thaifi  t!»giy. 
Th6  Irlih  however  have  their  Martyyoio^ief 
(left  this  fhott'd  bt  tibftfttd  by  fome  triflfe*) 
biit  they  ace  oi  fudi  of  their  nation  as  IbJR^'A 
in  other  countries^  or  undet  the  hdiche^  Dine^ 
intheiriiwn  ebimtry,  iohie hundreds  of  ytftri 
afttr  the  totalcohverfionx>f  it  to  Chriftianity. 

V.  T  HO  S  E  advantages  we  have  nam'd  in 
the  two  laft  Sedtcxis,  and  many  the  like  af- 
tiei^,  with  the  Druids  pretences  to  work  mi« 
radcs,  to  fpretcl  evcntis  by  Ailguty  and  ethfer- 
wife,  to  have  it  familiar  intdrcourfe  with  thfe 
Gddr  (hi^y  confirm'd  by  calculating  Ecfipfts) 
and  ii  thouf^d  impoftures  of  the  faine  (B)  na- 
turc,  I  can  by  Ji^s^aWc  authorities  fet  irt 
fUch  la  lights  'that  all  of  thr  like  kind  tti^  to 
everyone  ^^W£ina8evttl6ht  a  vieWi  whteh^ 

(8)  The  heads  of  the  two  laft  Seftions,  with  thefe  here 

lentiop'^  Trho^  cnneei vM  in  l«ur  \irnr«)«^  will  vpf  Ad<*h  c^SdVA 

iepara 

tiiefly : 

appear. 

as 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OT  TII£'I5Rint)S.  t5 

»;!  Unecd  bcfcfer^  cwiux  4itt  %t  vety  }«^ 
lioefafais  iibth  to  Rekigicni  ami  liiloraSity.  Tot 
tiaeilxiigiancbes  aot  ^ooKfiftiiftCuiitiins^  d«- 
n^fidUcB*  in^actiDiirf,  ■domkUMi,  ^pMn^-^ 
hi  ID  :^irh:  and  tmdi,  in  ifiit^ioity  tmd  ^- 
dd-Krame,  in  a  tfilial  lofciuitl  ^sttp^xet^  not 
wx]fefvile>fliKad  and'tttcot'Of  ^  Di«7i<aty. 
Astht  ftittdamental  Law  of  a4liftomn  i5,<ln:iftg 
10  £a.y  J  'vhatxTer  is  iltiie>  and  not  dm'tiBig  «> 
•■die  any  faliboodf  AdirhCfr  ^ekig  ^ay'l  by 
hnc.im  battcdy  norgaite^d  !|ff  ftvodr  i^  Iffics 
xdt:  lb  he  oughr  of  >c08Jlfe  t6  ile* as  a  man 
lifwD  tifloe  or  coiQCilrjs  «ff  notdSI  or  party  j 
%Adi  1  liope  tiK  CcKncf^  lUttlons,  "concern'^ 
la.tfaisjpiefiait  ^oiquirf,  ^witl  ^^  t(>  be  pam- 
ailaifty  (tme  of^tne<  9Kuc  if  in-ckairlng  op  aiv- 
fknt  cities  -iiid  cdftdttis,  "^k  4^-oti^n  and 

Iks  (loag  litKC  c^eittiJty  any  commanitics  or 
ovdcrs  >of  men;  tMMT  4a  tteing,  fiK>u'4  think 
themiisbes  tpa^i'ti^'  -^hey  (ou^  nOt  to  im- 
pute it  to  dclign  in  thfc -atttiior,  but  to  the 
conformity  of  things,  if  indeed  there  be  any 
jeai- jafmiibiiiak^y^'^iik  in  aCs.  tbete '  be  hone 
at-ati,thcy'<hould-n<k  make  ^oplc  apt  to 
£i%c^  that  there  i^'  by  crying  4&utfho  they 
acenK^-thuit.  I -rettlelttbct  vhcn  •complaint 
was  nadcagaiftft  anhonottrible  poflbn  {9)^ 
that, .  in  treating  of  the  'Heathen  Pricfts,  he 
had  whipt  fome"Chriftiah  Pricfts  Oii  theit 
backs  ',  all  the  anfwer  he  made  was  only 

(9)  Sir  Robert  Ho^YAan. 
•      '  '  .  asking, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


16  THE  HISTORY 

asking)  ff^at  nkuk  them  get  up  tba^f  the 
benefit  of  whi<ii  anf^iFcr  I  claim  beltirehand 
to  myfelf)  without  makiiig  or  needii^any 
other  Apology w  Yet  if  the  corre(pondeh<^  of 
anyPriefts  with  heaven  b6  as  flenderly'  gtocmded 
as  that  of  the  Druids^  if  their  niitacles  b^ai 
iiditious  and  fraudulent,  if  their  love>ofxiehes 
be  as  inimoderate^  if  thdif  thirft  after  pOwtt 
<be  as  infatiable,  and  their  exercife  of  it  be 
as  partial  and  tyrannical  oter  the  Laity :-  thm 
I  am  not  only  content  they  ihoti'd  be  touch'd, 
whether  I  thought  of:;tltem:or  not ;  Jttitrthxt 
they  fhou'd  be  bMe^  tooy  without. a  poflu* 
bility  of  ever  fprouting.up  again,  TfcrTAth 
will  but  fliinc  the  brightet,^  tte  better '^ta.cbun*- 
terfelts  are  ftiown  :  and  all  that  I  can  do  to 
(hpw  my  own  cando<:,  is,  to  leave  the  reader 
to  make  fuch  applicitfi^os  himfclf^  feldom 
making  any  for  him^  ifinOQ  lie  that  is:n$idier 
clcar-fighted  nor  qui<±  enough  of  conceptioa 
to  do  fo,  may  to  as  gopd  purpofe  read  the 
Fairy 'tales  as  this  H^ory.r 

VI.  B £ S IDE S  thi$ iinp^uxialditp^^^ 
competent  knowledge  I  have  of  thcr  Korthon 
languages^  dead  and  living  (tho'  I  ihiil  'jprove, 
that  nol?ruids,  except  fiich  as  fiowards  their 
latter  end  fled  thither  for  refiige,  or  that  went 
before  with  Celtic  invaders  <m:  colonics,  were 
ever  among  the  Gothic  nations)  I  fay,  the£: 
languages  will  not  a  little  contribute  to  the 
pcrfeftion  of  my  work,  for  a  reafon  that  may 
with  more  advantage  appear  in  the  book  nt- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


'    OF    THE    DRUIDS.  i^ 

fclC  But  the  knowledge  of  the  anticnt  Irifh^' 
which  I  learnt  froni  my  childhood,  and  o^ 
the  other  Celtic  dialeds,  in  all  which  I  have 
printed  books  or  manufcripts  C^ot  to  fpeak 
of  their  vulgv  Traditions)  is  abfolutely  necet 
fary  $  thefe  having  preferv'd  numberlefs  mo- 
numents concerning  the  Druids,  that  never 
hitherto  have  come  to  the  hands  of  the  learned* 
For  as  the  Inftitutions  of  the  Druids  were  for- 
merly better  learnt  in  Britain,  by  Cesar  faid  ta 
be  the  native  feat  of  this  fuperftitious  race,  than 
in  Gaulc  where  yet  it  exceedingly  flourifli'd  : 
fo  their  memory  is  ftill  bed  preferv'd  in  Ire- 
land and  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  coniprc^ 
hcnding  the  Hebrid£y  Hebrides ^  or  Weftern 
Iflcs,  among  which  the  He  of  Man  s  where 
they  contintfd  long  after  their  extermination 
in  Gaule  and  South-Britain,  moftly  by  the  Ro* 
mans,  but  finally  by  the  inttodudion  of  Chri- 
ftianity*  Befides,  that  much  of  the  Irifti  Hea- 
then Mythology  is  ftill  extant  in  Verfe,  which 
gives  fuch  a  luftre  to  this  matter,  and  of  courlc 
to  the  Grcec  and  Roman  Fragments  conc?rrt< 
ing  the  Druids,  as  cou'd  not  poflibly  be  had 
any  other  way* 

VIL  THUS  (to  giv^  an  eximple  in  the 
Philological  part^  the  controverfy  among  the 
Grammarians,  whether  they  fliould  write  ^ruiS 
or  (lo)  T^Tuida  in  the  nominative  cafe  fingulat> 

(io)The  Irilhwor4  forDniid  Is  Dr«/'  corruptly  /)>•«/,  ixA 
more  corruptly  Dra^i  ^  yet  all  of  the  lame  found,  which  lil 
Stymologies  is  a  great  matter;  and  in  the  nominative  plu« 

Vol.  I.  B  tA 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


V8  the'  HIStdRY' 

can  only  be  decided  by  the  Irifti  writings,  ii 
you  may  fecdcmonftrated  in  the  margin  5  where 
allGrammatical  remarks  fhall  be  inferred  anlong 
ike  other  Nates  of  the  Hifiory,  if  they  do  not 
properly  belong  to  the  annext  ^ijfertation 
concerning  the  Celtic  Language  and  Colonies: 
This  conduft  I  obferve,  to  avoid  any  difagrec- 
able  ftop  or  perplexity  in  the  work  itfel^  by 
uncouth  words  or  of  difficult  pronunciation. 
Tor  as  every  thing  in  the  Univerfc  is  the  Sub- 
jcd  of  writing,  fo  an  author  ought  to  treat 
of  every  fubjeft  fmoothly  and  correftly,  as 
well  as  pertinently  and  perfpicuoufly  :  nor 
ought  he  to  be  void  of  ornament  and  Ele- 
gance, where  his  matter  peculiarly  requires  it- 
Some  things  want  a  copious  ftile,  fome  a  con- 
cife;  others  to  be  more  floridly,  others  to 
be  more  plainly  handrdi.  but  all  to  be  pro- 
perly, methodically,  and  handfomly  exprefh 
Negleding  thcfe  particulars,  is  negleding,  and 
confequently  affronting,   the  reader.      Let-  a 

Tal  'tis  Druidhe,  whence  coiner  no  doubt  the  Greec  and 
jLatIn  Druides  j  as  Bruis  in  the  fingular  was  form'd  by  only 
adding  /  to  Dr«/,  according  to  thole  nations  way  of  termi- 
nating. But  as  thefe  words  in^rifh  as  well  as  the  Brittiih 
Drudiotty  are  common  to  both  fexcs ;  fo  the  Romans,  ac- 
cording to  their  inflet>ion,  dlftinguifh'd  Druida  for  a  She- 
Druid  fwhich  fort  are  mention'd  i>y  authors)  whereof  the 
nominative  plural  being  DruSdae^  it  ought  byustobeufed 
in  that  fenle  only  :  and  fo  I  conclude,  that  in  our  modern 
Latin  compolitions  Druides  and  Druidae  ftiou'd  not  be  con- 
founded J  as  they  have  frequently  jljcea  by  the  Tranfcribers 
iof  old  writings,  who  milled  others.  We  are  not  to  be 
inov'd  therefore  by  reading  Druidae  in  any  Latin  author  in 
the  mafculingender,  or  in  theGrei^  writers,  who  certainly 
ns'd  it  £>•  All  equlyocatioU  at  kaft  will  l}e  thtt$  taken  away. 

Laciy 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  tHE  DlLtJlDS.  IP 

tady  be  as  wdl-fliap'd  as  you  can  fancy,  let  all 
her  features  be  faultlefs,  and  her  complexion 
be  ever  fo  delicate :  yet  if  ftie  be  carelcfs  o£ 
her  pcrfon,  tawdry  in  her  drefs,  or  aukward 
in  her  gate  and  behavior,  a  man  of  true  taftq 
is  fo  fir  from  being  touched  with  the  charma 
of  her  body,  that  he's,  immediately  prepoflcft 
againil  the  beauties  of  her  mind  ^  and  apt  to 
believe  there  can  be  no  order  within,  where 
there's  fo  much  diforder  without.  In  my  opi* 
nion  therefore,  the  Mujks  themfelvcs  are  ne- 
ver agreeable  company  without  the  Graces. 
Or  if,  as  your  Lordihip's  ftile  is  remarkably 
ftrong,you  wovi'd,  with  (i  i)  Cicero,  take  this 
limile  from  a  man  5  you'll  Own  'tis  not  enough 
to  make  him  be  lik'd,  that  he  has  well-knit 
bones,  nerVes  and  finews :  there  mdk  be  like- 
wife  proportion,  mufcling,  and  coloring,  much 
blood,  and  fome  foftneiS.  To  relate  faa$ 
without  their  circumftances,  whereon  depend^ 
all  Inftrudion  $  is  to  exhibit  a  skeleton  with- 
out the  flclh,  wherein  confifts  all  comclyncfs* 
This  I  fay  to  your  Lordftiip,  not  pretending 
to  teach  the  art  of  writing  to  one,  who's  (o 
fit  to  be  my  mafter  5  but  to  obviate  the  cen* 
furcs  of  thofe,  and  to  cenfure  'em  in  their 
turns,  who  not  only  do  not  treat  of  fucla  fub- 
jeds  as  I  have  now  undertaken  in  a  flowing 
and  continu'd  ftile,  but  peremtorily  deny  the 
fields  of  Anticjuity  and  Criticifm  to  be  capable 
of  this  culture  :   and  iijdecd  as  fuffering  un- 

(11)  DeOratore,  lib.  |. 

B  1  ^dcr 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


20  th£  history 

dcr  the  drudgery  of  their  hands,  they  generally 
become  bartren  heaths  or  unpaflable  thickets  j 
where  you  are  blinded  with  fand,  or  torn 
with  bryars  and  brambles.  There's  no  choice 
of  words  or  expreffions.  All  is  low  and  vul- 
gar, or  obfolete  and  mufty  i  as  the  whole  dif^ 
courfe  is  crabbed,  hobbling,  and  jejune.  Not 
that  I  wou'd  have  too  much  licenfe  taken  in 
this  refpeft  5  for  tho  none  ought  to  be  flaves 
to  any  fet  of  words,  yet  great  judgement  is 
to  be  imploy'd  in  crclling  a  new,  or  reviv- 
ing an  old  word  :  nor  muft  there  be  lefs  di- 
fcretion  in  the  ufe  of  figures  and  fentences  5 
which,  like  imbroidery  and  fait,  are  to  fet  off 
and  feafon,  but  not  to  render  the  cloth  invi- 
fible,  or  the  meat  uneatable.  To  conclude 
this  point,  we  are  told  by  the  moft  eloquent 
of  me»,  that  a  profufc  (12)  v<riubility,  and  a  for- 
did exility  of  words,  are  to  be  equally  avoid- 
ed. And  now  after  this  Digrellion,  if  any 
thing  that  effentially  relates  to  my  task  can  be 
properly  caird  one,  T  return  to  the  Druids, 
who  were  fb  prevalent  in  Ireland,  that  to  this 
hour  their  ordinary  word  for  Magician  is  ^ruid 
(  13  ),  the  art  Magic  is  call'd  T^ruidity  (14), 
and  the  wand,  which  was  one  of  the  badges 
of  their  profcffion,  the  tad  of  T)ruidifm{\<i). 
Among  anticnt  Claffic  authors  Pliny  is  the 
moft  exprefs  concerning   the  Magic  of  the 

(12)  Cicero  de  Oratore,  Ub.  |. 

(i4)l!>rutdheacbt. 

iif)siatMjrn  Drmdheacht^  * 

^  Druids, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OP  THE   DRUIDS.  zi 

Pruids,  whereof  the  old  Irifli  and  Brittifh  Books 
are  full:   which  Legerdemain,  or  fecrets  of 
Natural  Philofophy  (as  all  Magic  is  cither  the 
cue,  or  the  other,  or  both)  we  Ihall  indeavor 
to  jay  open  in  our  Hijiory  of  the  T>ruids ; 
not  forgetting  any  old  author  that  mentions 
them,  for  there's  fomething  particular  to  be 
learnt  in  every  one  of  them,   as  they  touch 
different  circumftances.     Having  occafionally 
fpokenof  the  Wand  or  Staff  which  every  Druid 
carry'd  in  his  hand,  as  one  of  the  badges  of 
his  profeffion  (and  which  in  a  chapter   on 
this  fubjed  will  be  fhown  to  have  been  a 
ufual  thing  with  all  pretenders  to  magic)  I 
mud  here  acquaint  you  further,   that  each  of 
'em  had  what  was  commonly  callM  the  Druids 
Egg  (which  fhall  be  explained  in  the  Hijiory) 
hung  about  his  neck  inchas'd  in  gold.     They 
all  wore  fhort  hair,  while  the  reft  of  the  na- 
tives had  theirs  very  long  :  and,  on  the  con- 
trary, they  wore  long  beards,  while  other  peo- 
{)le  Ihav'd  all  theirs  but  the  upper  lip.     They 
ikewife  all  wore  long  habits,  as  did  the  Barcb 
and  the  Vaids :  but  the  Druids  had  on  a  white 
Surplice,  whenever  they  religioufly  officiated. 
In  Ireland  they,  with  the  graduate  Bards  and 
Vaids,   had   the  privilege  of  wearing  fix  co- 
lors in  their  Breacans  jqx  robes  (which  were 
the  ftrip'd  Braccae  of  the  Gauls,  ftill  worn  by 
the  Highlanders)  whereas  the  King  and  Queen 
might  have  in  theirs  but  feven.   Lords  aiid 
Ladies  five,  Governors  of  Fortreffes  four.  Of- 
^rs  and  young  Gentlemen  of  quality  thref , 
B  3  coni- 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


22  THE    HISTORY 

common  Soldiers  two,  and  commdn  peopld 
one.  This  fumtuary  Law  moft  of  the  Irifh 
Hiftorians  fay,  was  cnafted  under  King  (i6) 
AcHAius  the  firft  $  tho  others,  who  will  have 
this  to  be  but  the  reviving  of  an  old  Law, 
maintain  it  was  firft  eftablilh'd  by  king  Tl- 

GERNMHAS. 

Vni.  A  S  the  Druids  were  commonly  wont 
to  retire  into  grots,  dark  woods,  mountains, 
and  (17)  groves  (in  which  laft  they  had  their 
numerous  Schools,  not  without  houfes  as  fome 
have  fooliflily  dreamt,)  fo  many  fuch  places 
in  France,  Britain,  and  Ireland,  do  ftill  bear 
their  names :  as  l^reuXy  the  place  of  their  an- 
nual General  Aflembly  in  Trance  5  Kerig-y- 
ghudion  (or  Druid-ftones)  a  parifh  fo  call'd  in 
enbighfhirc,  from  a  couple  of  their  Altars; 
there  ftill  remaining.  In  Anglefcy  there's  the 
Village  of  Tre'f  ^riuy  the  town  of  the  Druid, 
next  to  which  is  Tte'r  Beirdh  or  Bards-town  : 
is  aUb  in  another  place  of  the  fame  Hand  Maen- 
y-^TUUy  that  is,  the  Druid's  ftonc  5  and  Caer- 
^reuinyOt  the  city  of  the  Druids,  in  Merioneth- 
.ftlre.  The  places  in  Ireland  and  the  Hebrides 
'are  infinite.  The  prcfent  ignorant  vulgar,  in 
tife  firft  of  the  laft-mention'd  places,  do  be- 
lieve, that  thofe  Inchanters  were  at  laftthem- 
■felves  inchailted  by    their   Apoftle  Patric 

»   ^ri^")  :EoCflAID   EUDGHATHACH. 

^  V '  7)  Thell  Groves  for  pleafure  and  retirement,  as  well  as 
fdraweand  revereiiie-,  were  diflrerent  from  the  lurking  pla- 
ces in  foreft§  and  caves,  into  whkb  ^^y  were  fore  d  wb^n 
interdlftcd  in  G^ule  and  Britajn. 

and 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ  IC 


Oy  THE   DRUIDS.  zi 

md  his  Difciplcs,  miraculoufly  confining  them 
to  the  places  that  fo  bear  their  names  $  where 
they  are  thought  to  retain  much  power,  and 
fbmctimes  to  appear,  which  are  (i  8)  fancies  like 
the  EngUfli  notion  of  Fairies.  Thus  the  Druid 
O  MuRNiN  inhabits  the  hill  of  Creag-a  Vanny 
in  Inifoen,  Aunius  (19)  in  Benavny  froni 
him  fo  caird  in  the  county  of  Londonderry, 
and  Gealcossa  {20)  in  Gealcoffa's  mount  in 
Inifoen  aforefaid  in  the  county  of  Dunegall. 
This  laft  was  a  Druidefs,  and  her  name  is  of 
the  Homerical  ftrain,  fignifying  JVhite4egg'4 
(21).  On  this  hill  is  her  grave  (the  true  in- 
chantment  that  confines  her)  and  hard  by  is  her 
Temples  being  a  fort  of  diminutive  Stene* 
hengej  which  many  of  the  old  Jriih  dare  not 
even  at  this  day  any  way  profane.  I  (hall  dis- 
cover fiich  things  about  thefc  Temples  (where- 
of multitudes  arc  ftill  exifting,  many  of  thcixi 
intite,  in  the  Hebrides,  in  Orkney,  and  on  the 
oppofite  continent  5  as  alio  many  in  Wales, 
in  Jerfey  and  Gucrnfey,  and  fomc  in  England 
and  Ireland,  the  moft  remarkable  to  be  accu- 
rately defcrib'd  and  delineated  in  our  Hijiory!) 

(iS")  Such  fancies  came  from  the  hiding  of  the  perfecutcd 
Dniids,  from  the  reign  of  Tiberius,  who  made  the  f^t^ 
law  againft  them  (having  been  dil countenanced  by  Ar- 
cusTCJs  )  but  ftriftly  put  in  execution  by  Claudius,  and 
the  following  Emperors,  till  their  utter  extirpation  by 
the  general  converhon  of  the  people  to  Chriftlanity. 

(l9)AlBHNF,    OrOlBHNE. 

(zo)  Gealchossach. 
{%i)6nuf  «>i  Gealchossaigh. 

B  4        — 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


:i4  THE  HISTORY 

I  fliall  difeovcr  fuch  things,  I  fay,  about  the 
famous  Egg  of  the  Druids,  to  the  learned  hither- 
to a  riddle,  not  to  (peak  of  their  magical  gems 
and  herbs  2  as  alfo  about  their  favourite  All- 
heal or  (22)  Miffelto,  gather'd  with  fo  much 
ceremony  by  a  Pricft  in  his  white  Surplice,  as 
Pliny  (2  3)  tells  us,  and  with  a  goldpruning- 
knife;  as  well  as  about  the  abftrufeft  parts  of 
their  Philofophy  and  Religion,  that  the  like 
has  not  yet  appeared  in  any  author,  who  has 
treated  of  them.  The  books  of  fuch  are  either 
bare  colledions  of  Fragments,  or  a  heap  of  pre- 
carious fables  5  I  mean  efpcciaily/fome  French 
writers  on  this  Subjeft,  as  Picard,  Forca- 
TULUS,  GuENEBAUT,  with  othcts  of  no  bet- 
ter allay  in  Britain  and  Germany  5  for  as  I  ad- 
mit nothing  without  good  authority,  fo  I  ;iiftly 
cxped,  that,  without  as  good,  nothing  will  be 
admitted  from  me, 

IX.  BUT,  My  Lord,  befides thefe  Dm- 
ids,  the  anticnt  Gauls,  Britons,  and  Irifh, 
had  another  order  of  Learned  men,  call'd 
BARDS,  whereof  we  fhall  fufficicntly  diC^ 
courfe  in  our  proposed  work.  Bard  is  ftill 
the  Irifh  and  Scottith  word,  as  Bardh  the 
Armoric  and  Brittifti,  There's  no  difference 
in  the  pronunciation,  tho*,  according  to  their 
different  manner  of  writing  in  exprcfling  the 
power  of  the  letters,  they  vary  a  little  in  the 

(21)  All  thefe  heads  will  be  fo  many  Intire  (Chapters, 
(z;)  Sacerdos,  candid^  vefte  cultus,  a^borem  fcandit :  &lcc 
«ure^  demw.  Hifi,  Nf.  lib,  16,  cap.  44,       ^      ' 

OrthoH 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  25 

orthography  (24).  The  Bards  were  divided 
into  three  orders  or  degrees  5  namely  (to  give 
an  example  now  in  the  Brittifli  dialed,  as  I 
ihall  give  thek  turns  to  all  the  Celtic  colo- 
nics) Trivardhy  Tofvardhy  and  Aruyvardh : 
l>ut,  with  regard  to  the  fubjeds  whereof  they 
treated,  they  were  caird  Trududh^  or  Tev- 
luur,  or  Cleriir  5  which  words,  with  the  e- 
quivalent  Irifh  names,  Ihall  be  explained  in  our 
Hifiary,  where  you'll  find  this  divifion  of  the 
Bards  well  warranted.  The  firft  were  Chro* 
nologers,  the  fccond  Heralds,  and  the  third 
Comic  or  Satyrical  Poets  among  the  vulgar : 
for  the  fecond  fort  did  fing  the  praifes  of  great 
men  in  the  heroic  ftrain,  very  often  at  the  head 
of  armies,  like  him  in  Virgil 

Cretea  mufarum  comitemj  cut  carmina  femper 
Et  citharaecordiy  numerofque  intendere  nervism 
Semper  equosy  atq-y  arma  vmlm,  pugnafq-y 
canebat : 

Virg.  Aen.  lib.  9. 

^24)  Let  it  be  noted  once  for  all,  that  as  in  other  tongues, 
fo  in  Irlih  and  Welfli  particularly,  r  and  d  are  commonly 
put  for  each  other,  by  reafon  of  their  affinity;  and  that  </i& 
and  gh  being  pronounced  alike  in  Irifh,  and  therefore  often 
confounded,  yet  an  exa£^  writer  will  always  have  regard  i;o 
the  origin  as  well  as  to  the  analogy  of  any  word :  and  lb  he'll 
write  Druidhe  (for  example)  ana  not  Drmghe^  much  lefs 
DraoiPhe  broadly  and  afpirately  ;  nor  will  he  ufe  any  other 
mifpellifngs,  tno'  ever  to  common  in  books.  This  is  well 
obfcrv'd  Dv  an  old  author,  who  writing  of  Conla  a  hea- 
then freetninking  Judge  of  Connacht,  thus  chara£terizes . 
him ;  $e  do  ritme  an  choinhhlhcht  ris  na  Druidhibb :  'twas 
he  that  difputed  againfl  the  Druids.  Thefe  Criticii'ms, 
fpme  wou'd  fty,  are  trifles  ;  but 

Ifae  pu^ae  in  feria  dt^cunt. 

^andj 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


%€  THE    HISTORY 

and  the  firft,  who  likcwifc  accompany'd  them 
in  pcace>  did  hiftorically  regiftcr  their  genea- 
logies and  atchievments.  We  have  fome  proofe 
that  the  Panegyrics  of  the  Gallic  Bards  did  not 
always  want  wit  no  more  than  ^attery  j  and 
particularly  an  inftance  out  of  Atheneus, 
who  had  it  from  Posidonius  the  Stoic,  coni- 
cerning  (245)  Luernius  a  Gallic  Prince,  ex* 
traordinary  rich,  liberal,  and  magnificent.  He 
was  the  father  of  that  fame  Bittus,  -  who 
was  beaten  by  the  Romans.  Now  this  Luer- 
Nius  (fays  (27)  my  author)  having  apfointed 
a  certain  day  for  a  feaft,  and  one  of  the 
Barbarous  ^oets  coming  too  late,  p$et  him 
as  he  was  departing  \  whereupon  he  began  to 
fing  his  praifes  and  to  extol  his  grandeur^  but 
toUment  his  own  unhapy  delay.  Luernius  be^ 
ing  delighted,  caltdforapurfeofgoldy  which 
he  threw  to  him,  as  he  ran  by  the  fide  of  his 
chariot :  and  he  taking  it  up,  begun  to  fing  a^ 
gain  to  this  purpofei  That  out  of  the 

TRACKS  HIS  CHARIOT  HAD  PLOWED  ON  THE 
GROUND,    SPRUNG  UP  GOLD  AND  BLESSINGS 

TO  MANKIND.     As  fomc  of  the  Gallic  Bards 

(26;  Whether  it  be  LUERNIUS,  or  as  St  R  A  BO  writes 
it  LUERius,  the  name  is  frequent  either  way  in  the 
antienteft  Iriili  Writers,  as  LOARN,  and  LuiRB  or  Lu- 
IGHAIRE. 

(27)  A4>opiffavro^  I*  avT»  vpo^effjueu/  toti  t>?^  6«vmc,    a^^tpn- 
tuvra  TtvA  rttiv  fiAptapmv  'jeotttryiv  a^ix£<r^cu  ;  tccct  ^vavryjffetvr  a  ijlst 

TcvJf  r$p^tvTa  BvXetKiov  ewnitat  xpvffiov,  %at  ff^eu  atrw  TopccTpt' 
Xevft  i  avtko^ivov  2'  etutvw  Tr^Acv  Ctivttv,  hey^vrtL,  hio  kou  ra  ixvtf 
T*i<  y^  (•<>*  wK  dpfxarijXeiTu)   xpttfov  teat  tve^yefftx^;  avbpct^Tiotg  ^spu- 

were 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OP   THE   DRUIDS.  27 

were  tmely  ingenious,  £0  were  many  of  'era 
mere  quiblers :  and  among  the  bombaft  of 
the  Brittifli  and  Irifli  Bards,  there  want  not 
infinite  inftances  of  the  true  Sublime.  Their 
Epigrams  were  admirable,  nor  do  the  modern 
Italians  equal  them  in  conceits.  But  in  ftirring 
the  paffions,  their  Elegies  or  Lamentations  far 
cxccde  thofe  of  the  Greecs,  becaufe  they  exprefe 
nature  much  more  naturally.  Thefe  Bards  arc 
not  yet  quite  extind,  there  being  of  them  in 
Wales,  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  and  in 
Ireland  :  nor  did  any  country  in  the  yorld  a- 
bound  like  the  laft  with  this  fort  of  men,  whofe 
licentious  panegyrics  or  fatyrs  have  not  a  lit- 
tle contributed  to  breed  confufion  in  the  Irifli 
Hiftory.  There  were  often  atatimeathoufand 
Ollaws  (^2i)  or  graduate  Poets,  befides  a  pro- 
portionable number  of  inferior  Rhymers,  who 
all  of  'em  liv'd  mod  of  the  year  on  free  coft : 
and,  what  out  of  fear  of  their  railing,  or  love 
of  their  flattery,  no  body  durft  deny  them  any 
thing,  be  it  armor,  fcwcl,  horfc,  mantle,  or 
the  like  5  which  grew  into  a  general  cuftom, 
whereof  the  Poets  did  not  fail  to  take  the  ad- 
vantage. The  great  men,  out  offelf  love  and 
intereft,  incourag  d  no  other  kind  of  Learning, 
cfpecially  after  they  profcft  Chriftianity :  the 
good  regulation,  under  which  they  were  in 
the  time  of  Druidifrti,  as  then  in  fonic  manner 
belonging  to  the  Temples,  having  been  deftroy- 
cd  with  that  Religion.     In  a  fmall  time  they 

(t8)  Olhmljis  aProfefTor  or  Doftor  Ingny  faojlty. 

bccamcT 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ  IC 


Zi  THE   HISTORY 

became  fuch  a  grievance,  that  feyeral  attemts 
were  made  to  rid  the  nation  of  them :  andi  which 
is  fbmething  comical  (what  at  leaft  our  prefent 
Poets  would  not  extr^rdiparily  like)  the  ordprs 
for  banifhingthem  were  always  to  the  Highlands 
of  Scotland  5  while  they  were  as  often  harbor'd 
in  Ulfter,  till  upon  promife  of  amendment  (of 
theu:  manners  1  mean  afld  not  of  their  Poetry) 
they  were  permitted' to  return  to  the  other 
Provinces.  At  laft,  in  a  general  national  at 
fembly,  or  Parliament,  at  Drumcat  (29)  in  the 
country  we  now  call  the  county  of  London- 
derry, under  (sp)  Aidus  ANMiREUSthc  iitl> 
Chriftian  King,  in  the  y? ar  5  97,  where  was  alfo 
prefept  (31)  AiDi^sKingof  Scotland  and  the 
great  (3  2)Columba,  it  was  decreed :  that  for 
the  better  prcfervation  of  their  Hiftory ,  Ggnealor 
gies,  and  the  purity  of  their  Language,  the  fu- 
preme  Monarch,  and  the  fubordinate  Kings, 
with  every  Lord  of  a  Cantred,  fhould  enter- 
tain a  Poet  of  his  own  (no  more  being  allow- 
ed by  antient  law  in  the  Hand)  and  that  upr 
on  each  of  thefe  and  their  pofterity  ^  portion 
of  land,  frc?  from  all  duties,  fhou  d  be  fet- 
tl'd  for  ever  5  that,  for  incouraging  the  Learur 
ing  thefe  Poets  and  Antiquaries  profcft,  publif 
Schools  Ihou'd  be  jippointed  and  indow'd,  un- 
der the  national  infpeftion  j  and  that  the  Mon- 
arch's own  Bard  ftiou'd  be  Arch-Poet  (33), 

(Z^)  Druittt'ceat  alias    Druimcbeat. 

(%o\  AODHMHAC  AtnMHIRE. 

{31}   AODHANMHAC  GaURAIN. 

(32)    CoLUIM-ClI-L«. 

^^)  Ard^OUamb.  ) 

and 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  i^ 

and  have  fupcr-intcndcncy  over  the  reft.  Tis 
a  common  miftake,  into  which  father  Pezrom 
has  fallen  among  others,  that  the  Bards  be- 
longed to  the  body  of  the  Druids:  but  this 
is  not  the  place  to  refttfy  it.  They  made  Hymns 
for  the  ulc  of  the  Temples,  'tis  true,  and  ma- 
nag'd  the  Mufic  there  5  but  they  were  the  Draids 
that  officiated  as  Priefts,  and  no  Sacrifices  were 
offcr'd  but  by  their  miniftxy. 

X.  IN  the  Hifiorj^  likewife  (hall  be  fully 
explained  the  third  order  of  the  Celtic  Literati, 
by  the  Greecs  call'd  OUATEIS,  and  by 
the  Romans  VATES  $  which  yet  is  neither 
Grccc  nor  Roman,  but  a  mere  Celtic  word^ 
viz.  FAIDH,  which  fignifies  to  this  day  a 
prophet  in  all  Irilh  books,  and  in  the  com- 
mon language,  particularly  in  the  Irifti  tranfla- 
tion  of  the  Bible;  where ^r«i^j (34)  arealfo 
commonly  put  for  Inchanters,  as  thofe  of  E- 
gypt,  and  efpecially  for  the  MageSy  or  as  we 
tranflatc,  the  wife  men  (35)  that  came  from  the 
caft,  to  vifit  Jesus  in  his  cradle.  So  eafily  do 
men  convey  their  own  ideas  into  other  men's 
books,  or  find  'em  there  5  which  has  been  the 
fourcc  of  infinite  miftakes,  not  onely  in  Divi- 
nity, but  alfo  in  Philofophy  and  Philology. 
The   Celtic  (36)   VAIDS  were  Phyficians 

(54)  DriiwV^^.  Exod.  7.  II.  Anois  Draoithe  na  Heglpte 
dor  innedurranf6s  aran  modhgceadna  le  nandroigheach- 
ruibh. 

C;f )  Mat.  2. 1.  Feuch  Tangadar  Draoithe  0  naird  flioir  go 
HiarufaJcm. 

(;6)  The  word  is  Pdidh  (ot  rait  hy  the  ufual  convcrfi- 
on  of  the  Letters  Finto  ^  and  D  into  7^  whence  the  Latins 

jjiade 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


36  THE    HISTORY 

and  Diviners^  great  proficients  in  natural  Phi- 
lofophy  (as  were  likcwifc  the  Druids,  who  had 
the  particular  infpedion  of  Morals)  but  C  i- 
c  E  R  o,  who  was  well  acquainted  with  one  of 
the  prime  Druids,  remarks,  that  their  predic- 
tions were  as  much  grounded  on  (37)  con- 
)cdure,  as  on  the  rules  of  Augury  :  both  e- 
qually  fortuitous  and  fallacious.  For  the  fay- 
ing of  Euripides  will  ever  hold  true,  that  (3  8), 
the  beft  guejfer  is  the  heft  Trophet.  He  that 
is  nearly  acquainted  with  the  (late  of  affairs, 
that  underftands  the  fprings  of  human  adions^ 
and,  that,  judicioufly  allowing  for  circumftan- 
ces,  compares  the  prefent  time  with  the  paft? 
he,  I  fay,  will  make  a  fhrewd  guefs  at  the 
future.  By  this  time,  My  Lord,  you  begin 
to  perceive  what  is  to  be  the  Subjcd  of  the 
iltflory  I  intend  to  write,  5  which,  tho  a  piece 
of  general  Learning  and  great  curiofity,  yet  I 
(hall  make  it  my  bufinefs  fo  to  digeft :  as  to 
render  it  no  lefs  intertaining  than  inftrudivc 
to  all  forts  of  readers,  without  excepting  the 
Ladies,  who  arc  pritty  much  concern  d  in  this 

made  Vates  ;  and  their  Critics  acknowledge,  that  they  took 
many  words  from  the  Gauls.  The  Euhages  and  Eubages,  in 
fome  copies  of  A  M  M  I  A  N  us  M  A  R  C  E  L  L  I  N  u  s,  arc 
felie  readings,  as  In  time  will  appear.  So  are  Drufi^  DrufitUfj 
and  Drujtades  £oT  DruiJes  :  as  like  wife  T^r^/,  from  (he  Bric<* 
tifli  and  Irilh  oblique  cafes  of  Bard. 

(^j)  Siquidem  6c  in  GaUia  Druldes  funt,  e  quibus  ipfc 
DiViTiACuM  Aeduum,horpitem  tuum  laudatoremjjue,  cogr 
novi  (inquit  QuiNTUS)  qui  &  naturae  ratlonem,  quam 
phyfiologiam  Graeci  appellant,  notam  eilb. fibiprofttebatur} 
&  partim  Auguriis,  partim  conjeftur^,  quae  effent  futu«^ 
dicelat.     DeDivhiat,  lib.  i. caf,^i.  , 

matter  i- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRlilDS.  3f 

matter;  throwing,  as  I  told  you  before,  all 
my  Critical  Obfervations,  and  Difquiittions  a- 
bout  words,  into  the  margin,  or  the  ©z^- 
tation  anncxt  to  the  Hijiory.  As  to  what  1 
fay  of  the  Ladies  being  concerned  in  this  -ffi- 
fiory,  there  were  not  only  Druideffes  5  but  fbme 
even  of  the  higheft  rank  were  fuch,and  Princeflcs 
themfelves  were  educated  by  the  Druids :  for 
in  our  own  Annals  we  read,  that  the  two  daugh- 
ters of  King  (39)  Laogirius  (in  whofc  reign 
Patric  preach'd  Chriftianity)  were  educated 
by  them  5  and  we  have  the  particulars  of  ai 
long  difputc  thofc  young  Ladies  maintained 
againft  this  new  Religion,  very  natural  but 
very  fubtil.  Several  other  Ladies  bred  tmder 
the  Druids  became  famous  for  their  writings 
and  proficiency  in  learning,  of  fome  of  whom„ 
wc  (hall  occafionally  give  an  account :  but  left 
I  Ihou'd  be  thought  in  every  thing  to  flatter 
the  Sex,  ^how  much  foevcr  I  refpeft  them, 
I  refer  the  reader  to  a  ftory  in  my  thurd  Let- 
ter. But,  in  order  to  complete  my  defign, 
£0  as  to  leave  no  room  for  any  to  write  on 
this  fubjeft  after  me  5  and  alfo  to  procure  fe- 
veral  valuable  Manufcripts^  or  authentic  co- 
pies of  them  (well  knowing  where  they  ly) 
I  purpofe  towards  the  Spring  to  take  a  jour- 
ney for  at  leaft  fix  months ;  which,  at  our  next 
meeting,  I  fliall  do  my  felf  the  honour  to  im- 
part to  your  Lordlhip  very  particularly. 


(J9)  LAOgHAIRfi. 


XJ.The 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


i2  THE  HISTGrV 

XL  THEIrifh  (a  few  Scandinavian  and  Di^ 
nifh  words  excepted)  being  not  only  a  Dialed^ 
of  the  anticnt  Celtic  or  Gallic,  but  being  alfo 
liker  the  mother  than  her  other  daughter  the 
Britifhs  and  the  Iriih  Manufcripts  being  more 
numerous  and  much  antienter  than  the  Wclfli, 
fliows  beyond  all  contradiftion  the  iieceffity  of 
this  language  for  retrieving  the  knowledge  of  the 
Celtic  Religion  and  Learning.  Camden  and  o- 
thers  have  long  fince  taken  notice  of  the  agree- 
ment between  the  prefent  Brittifti  and  thofc  old 
Gallic  words  coUeded  by  learned  men  out  of 
Greec  and  Roman  authors :  and  the  indufirious 
Mr.EDWARD  Lhuyd,  late  keeper  o£thcMuJeum 
at  Oxford,  perceiv'd  this  affinity  between  the 
fame  words  and  thelrifti,  even  before  he  ftu- 
dy'd  that  language,  by  the  demonftration  I  gave 
him  of  the  fame  in  all  the  faid  inftances.  Nor 
docs  he  deny  this  agreement  in  the  comparO' 
tive  Etymologicon  he  afterwards  made  of  thofe 
languages,  where  he  quotes  Camden  and  B03&- 
HORNius  affirming  it  about  the  Gallic  and  Btit- 
tifh  :  but  there  beingj  fays  he  (40),  no  Vocabu- 
lary extant  [meaning  no  doubt  in  print]  of  the 
Irifh,  or  antient  Scottifh,  they  cotid  not  col- 
late that  language  therewith ^  which  the  cu- 
rious in  thefe  Jiudies  will  now  find  to  agree 
rather  more  than  ours^    with  the  Gaulijh. 
That  it  does  fo,  is  abfolute  fad,  as  will  be  fecn 
by  hundreds  of  inftances  in  this  prefent  work, 

C40)  In  the  freftue  to  his  jirch^oUgta  Britanmca,  pag.  i. 

I 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


01P  till  bkuiDs.       a 

I  aitt  aware  that  what  I  am  going  to  fay  will 
found  very  oddly,  and  fcem  more  than  a  para* 
dox;  but  I  deferve,  My  Lord,  and  fhall  be 
content  with  your  fevcreft  cenfure,  if^  before 
you  have  finifh'd  reading  thefe  fheets,  you  be 
not  firmly  of  the  fame  mind  your  felf :  name- 
ly, that,    without  the  knowlege  <)f  the   Irifli 
Language  and  Books,   the  Gallic  Antiquities 
(not  meaning  the  Francic)  can  never  be  fet  iA 
any  tolerable  light,  with  regard  either  to  words 
or  to  things  5  and  numerous  occafions  there 
will  occur  in  this  Hijiory  of  illuftrating  both 
words  and  things  even  in  the  Greec  and  Roman 
authors.     I  ftiall  here  give  one  example  of  this, 
fmce  I  juft  come  from  treating  of  the  fevcral 
profefibrs  of  Learning  common  to  the  antient 
Gauls,   Britons,   and  Scots,   viz.   the  Druids, 
Bards,  and  Vaids.     Lucian  (41)  relates  that  in 
Gaule  he  faw  Hercule  s  reprefented  as  a  little 
old  man,  whom  in  the  language  of  the  country 
they  called  O  G  M  lU  S  5  drawing  after  him  an 
infinite  multitude  of  perfons,  who  feem'd  mod: 
willing  to  follow,  tho  drag'd  by  extreme  fine 
and  almoft  imperceptible  chains :  which  were 
faften'd  at  the  one  end  to  their  ears,  and  held 
at  the  other,   not  In  either   of  Hercules's 
hands,  which  were  both  otherwife  imploy'd  $ 
but  ty'd  to  the  tip  of  his  tongue,  in  which  there 
was  a  hole  on  purpofe,  where  ^11  thofe  chains 
centered.     Lugian  wondring  at  this  manner  of 

(4! )   Tov 'EiJakAia  it  Ke?iTot  6  T  M I O  jN  ovcfMaXovct  ^wi^  t>j  tvf 

W^^  et  quae  fequunturin  HfiRCUifi  Gallico  :  Graeca 
ctenlm  longiora  iunt,  quam  ut  hie  commod^  itHtti  poflint. 

Vol.  I.  G  por- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


U  tHH    HISTOkY 

portriying  HEkcuLES,  was  inform'd  by  a  learn- 
ed Druid  who  flood  by,  that  Hercules  didt 
not  in  Gaule,  as  in  Greece,  betoken  Strength 
of  Body,  but  the  Force  of  Eloquence  5  which 
is  there  very  beautifully  difpiay'd  l?y  the  Druid^ 
in  his  explication  of  the  pidure  that  hung  in 
the  Temple.  Now,  the  Critics  of  all  nations 
have  made  a  heavy  pother  about  this  fame  word 
O  G  M 1 U  S,  and  laborioufly  fought  for  the 
meaning  of  it  every  where,  but  juft  where  it 
was  to  be  found.  The  moft  celebrated  Bo- 
CHARf ,  who,  againft  the  grain  of  nature  (if  I 
may  fofpeak)  wou'd  needs  reduce  all  things  to 
Phenician  5  fays  it  is  an  Oriental  word,  fince  the 
Arabians  (42)  callftrangers  and  barbarians  Age- 
mion:  as  if,  becaufe  the  Phenicians  traded  an- 
tiently  to  Gaule  and  the  Brittifh  Hands  (for  Co- 
lonies in  them  they  planted  none)  they  muft 
have  alfo  imported  their  Language  5  and,  with 
their  other  commodities,  bartered  it  for  fome- 
thing  to  the  natives,  naming  their  places,  their 
men,  and  their  Gods  for  them^  Our  prefent 
Britons,  who  are  at  leaft  as  great  Traders,  do 
not  find  they  can  do  fo  in  Phenjicia,  nor  nearer 
home  in  Greece  and  Italy,  nor  y^t  at  their  owa 
dooirs  in  this  very  Gaule :  befidcs  that  Lucian 
docs  pofitively  affirm  O  G  M I U  S  was  a  Gallic 
word,  a  word  Wi)  of  the  coimtry.  This  has 
not  hinder'd  a  learned  Englifti  Phyfician, 
Dr.  Edmund  Dickenson^  from  hunting  ftill 
in  the  Eaft  for  a  derivation  of  it  5  conjeduring 

{42)  In  Geofftapbis  Socra^  fivt  Ctmuan^  fart.  2.  caf.  42. 
49)  ^<»v«  T%^  fxijcw^a.    Uh'fufra. 

Her- 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF   THE   DRUIDS,  35 

fe[ERCULES  to  be  (44)  Joshua,  who  was  fur- . 
named  OcMiuis,   for   having  conquer'd  Og 
King  of  Bafhan  : 

01  fanBas  gentesl  quibus  haec  nafcuntur 

in  kortis 
Numina.  Juvenal.  Sat.  1 5 .  ver.  1 0. 

I  could  make  your  Lordfhip  yet  merryer,  or 
rather  angrier,  at  thefe  forc'd  and  far-fetch'd 
Etymologies,  together  with  others  hammer'd 
as  wretchedly  out  of  Greec,  nay  even  out  of 
Suedifh  and  German.  But  the  word  OG- 
M 1 U  S,  as  LuciAN  was  truely  informed,  is 
pure  Celtic;  and  fignifies  (to  ufc  Tacitus's 
(45)  phrafc  about  the  Germans)  the  Secret  of 
LetterSy  particularly  the  Letters  themfelves> 
and  confequently  the  Learning  that  depends  on 
them,  from  whence theFORCE  OF  ELO- 
QUENCE  procedes:  fo  that  Hercules 
Ogmius  is  ?^^/f/^r;/^// Hercules,  or  Hercu- 
les the  TroteBor  of  Learnings  having  by  ma- 
ny been  reputed  himfclf  a  (46)  Philofopher. 

(41^)  JOSUAM  quoque  fpeftafle  videtur  flhid  nomen^ 
quo  Galli  ahtiquitus  Herculem  nuncupabant.  Unde  vc- 
xi  Oy yuoq  ?  Anaon  ab  Og  vifto  ?    Delph,  Phoenicizant,  caf.:}. 

(4j)  Litcrarum  Secreta  viri  pariterac  foeminae  ignorant. 
Dt  m9rihusGermanorumy  cap.  l^. 

(46)  E*'  ^«  ^°^^  Xpovotq  inii  ^aatXttaq  tm  ^omnoq  ifv  *E^aKMSf  6 
4><Aotf'Q^o<  Tvpio^>  oqiq  f^cvpt  tijv  nvY%vXviiV^  &c.  Palaephati  fra^" 
mentum  in  Chronho  AUxandrino .  «Ef ^kAm^  AAjefi.»tv>i«  vioq.  Toutov 
(pixoao^oy  Iqtipovch  &c.  Stadss  in  von  *Epa*A>j^.  Ef  diu  ante 
SuiDAM  audiehat  afud  Heraclitvm,  in  Allegorlis  Home- 
liicis,Avi)p  <|x4>p«v,  Kou  c^taq  wpaviov  lAHqm,  ucxipst  utira^^tta^ 

2r«i)c«tf  it  ZoHtu.  (ararou 

C  a  T* 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


1(5  THE  MtSTORV 

To  prove  this  account  of  the  word,  fo  nztut^i 
and  fo  apt,  be  pleased  to  underftand,  that,  from; 
the  very  beginning  of  the  Colony,  O  G  U  M, 
fometimes  written  OGAM,  and  alfo  (47)  O  G- 
lA  A,  has  fignify'd  in  Ireland  the  Secret  of  Let- 
ters, or  the  Irijb  Alphabet  5  for  the  tmth  of 
which  I  appeal  to  all  the  antient  Irifh  Books, 
without  a  lingle  exception.  Tis  one  of  the 
moft  authentic  words  of  the  language,  and  Ori- 
ginally (lands  for  this  notion  alone.  Indeed 
after  Patric  had  converted  the  nation,  and, 
for  the  better  propagating  of  Chriftian  Books, 
introduc  d  the  ufe  of  the  Roman  Letters  (in- 
ftead  of  the  antient  manner  of  writing)  their 
primitive  Letters,  very  different  from  thofc 
they  now  ufe,  began  by  degrees  to  grow  obfo- 
lete;  and  at  laft  legible  pnly  by  Antiquaries 
and  other  curious  men,  to  whom  they  ftcK)d  in 
ds  good  ftead  as  any  kind  of  occult  charaders ; 
whence  it  happened  that  O  G  U  M,  from  figni- 
fying  the  fecret  of  writingy  came  to  fignify 
fecret  writingy  but  ftill  principally  meaning 
the  original  Irifh  Charaders.  There  are  feveral 
Manufcript  Treatifes  extant,  defcribing  and 
teaching  the  various  methods  of  this  fecret 
Writing  5  as  one  in  the  College-Library  oF 
(48)  Dublin,  and  another  in  that  of  his  Grace  . 

(47)  As  In  the  Dublin  College  ManufcrJpt,  to  be  pre- 
fently  cited. 

(48)  "Us,  among  other  pieces,  in  the  Book  ofBalUmore  5 
being  the  i/yth  volum  In  the  Dublin  Catalogue,  in  parch^ 
ment,  folio,  D.  18. 

the 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  37 

the  Duke  of  (49)  Chandois.  Sir  James 
Ware,  inhis  yfntiquities  of  Ireland,  relating 
how  the  antient,  Irijh  did,  befides  the  vulgar 
characters  J  fraBife  alfo  divers  ways  and  arts 
of  occult  writing,  calld  OGUM,  in  which 
fhey  wrotf  their  fecrets  5  /  have,  continues 

(50)  he,  an  antient  parchment  Book  full  of 
thefe^  which  is  the  fame  juft  now  faid  to  be- 
long to  the  Duke  of  Chandois  :  and  Dudley 

(51)  Forbes,  a  hereditary  Antiquary,  wrote 
to  the  rather  laborious  than  judicious  Chrono- 
gift  (52)  O  Flaherty,  in  the  Year  1683,  that 
he  had  fome  of  the  primitive  (53)  Birch- 
tables  (for  thofe  they  had  before  the  ufp  of 
parchment  or  paper)  and  many  forts  of  the  old 
occult  writing  by  him.  Thefe  are  principally 
the  Ogham-beith,  the  Ogham-coll,  and  the 
(54)  Oghanp-craoth,  which  laft  is  the  old  one 
and  the  true.  But  that  the  primary  Irifli  Let- 
ters, the  Letters  firft  in  common  ufe,  which 
in  the  manner  we  have  fliown,  became  acci^ 
dentally  occult,  were  originally  meant  by  the 
word  O  G  U  M  i  befides  the  appeal  made  a- 
bove  to  all  antient  authors,  is  plain  in  paxticu- 

(49)  AnonymicujufdamTraftatusdevarlis  apud  Hlbcr- 
nos  vet^res  oceulcis  fcrlbendl  formulis,  Hibernlci  OGUM 
dials. 

(fo)  Praeter  charafteres  vulgares  utcbjuitur  etiam  vctercs 
Hibcmi  variis   occultis  fcribendi  formulis   feu  artificils, 
.  pGUM  difiis,  4}ulbus  fecreta  iua  fcribebaiit :  his  refer- 
tum  habeo  libellutli  membranaceum  antiquum.    Caf^  2. 

(51)  DUALTACH  MHAC  FiRBIS. 

(52)  RUDHHUIGH  O   FLAlTH-BHSARTVICMt 

(f 3)  Ogygia,  fart.  3.  inf.  30. 
1/4)  O^um^hamh^T* 

C  3  lar 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


38  THfc    HISTORY 

lar  from  Forchern,  a  noted  Bard  and  Philo- 
fopher,  who  liv'd  a  little  before  Christ. 
This  learned  man  afcribing  with  others  the  in- 
vention of  Letters  to  the  Phenicians,  or  rather 
more  ftriftly  and  properly  to  Phenix  (whom 
the  Irilh  call  Fenius  farfaidhy  or  Phenix  the 
ant  tent)  fays,  that,  among  other  Alphabets,  as 
the  Hebrew,  Greec,  and  Latin,  he  alfo  com- 
posed that  of  (55)  Bethluifnion  an  Oghuim^ 
^t.  Alphabet  of  Ogam j  or  the  Irilh  Alphabet, 
meaning  that  he  invented  the  firft  Letters,  in 
imitation  of  which  the  Alphabets  oif  thofe  Na- 
tions were  made.  O  G  U  M  is  alfo  taken  in 
this  fenfe  by  the  beft  modern  writers :  as  Wil- 
liam (5  6)  O  DoNELL,  afterwards  Archbifhop 
of  Tuam,  in  his  prefa<;e  to  the  Irilh  Ne'yo 
Teftament^  dedicated  to  King  James  the  Firft, 
and  printed  at  Dublin  in  the  Yean  602,  fpeak- 
ing  of  one  of  his  afliftants,  fays,  that  he  en- 
joined him  to  write  the  other  part  according  to 
the  Ogum  and  propriety  of  the  Irip)  tongue  i 
where  O GUM  muft  neceffarily  fignify  t6ic 
Alphabet,  Orthography,  and  true  manner  of 
writing  Irifh.  From  all  this  it  is  clear,  why 
among  the  Gauls,  of  whom  the  Irilh  had  their 
Language  and  Religion,  Hercules,  as  the  pro- 
testor of  Learning,  Ihqu'd  be  ^  caird  OoMifus, 
the  termination  alone  being  Greec.  Nor  Is 
this  all.     C)gma  was  not  only  a  kiiown  ^prdper 

(5'5^)  FfiNius  Farsaidh  A}ph|iW«f  pnoia  j^eliraeorum, 
Graecorum,  Latinorum,  et  Bethluimion  an  Oghuim^  com-' 
pofuic.  Ex  Foa€H£RNi  libr9,  t^ingentis  retro  armis  Latins 
rtddit; 

(Jd)   WtLtlAM  O  DOMUMUILL. 

name 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE   DRUIDS,  39 

name  in  Ireland,  but  alfo  one  of  the  moft  an- 
ticntj  iince  Ogma  Grianann,  the  father  of 
King(57)DALBOETius,  was  oneof  thefirft  of 
the  Danannan  race,  many  ages  before  Lucian's 
time.  He  was  a  very  learned  man,  marry'd 
to  Eathna  a  famous  Poetefs,  who  bore,  bc- 
lides  the  fore-mention'd  Monarch,  Cairbre 
likcwife  a  Poet:  infomuch  that  Ogma  was 
dcfervcdly  furnamed  (58)  Grianann,  which 
is  to  fay  ^hebean^  where  you  may  obfervc 
Learning  ftill  attending  this  name.  The  Celtic 
Language  being  now  almoft  extinft  in  Gaulc, 
except  onely  in  lower  Britanny,  and  fuch  Gal- 
lic words  as  remain  fcatter'd  among  the  French ; 
fubitfts  however  intire  in  the  fcveral  (59)diai- 
Icds  of  the  Celtic  Colonies,  as  do  the  words 
Ogum  and  Ogma  particularly  in  IriQi.  Nor 
is  there  any  thing  better  known  to  the  learn- 
ed, or  will  appear  more  undeniable  in  the  fc- 
quel  of  this  work,  than  that  words  loft  in  one 
dialed  of  the  fame  common  language,  arc  of- 
ten found  in  another :  as  a  Saxon  word  (for 
example)  grown  objfolete  in  Germany,  but  re- 
maining yet  in  England>  may  be  alfo  us'd  in 
Switzerland  5  or  another  word  grown  out  of 
date  in  England,  and  florifhing  ftill  in  Den- 
mark, continues  likewife  in  Iceland.  So  moft 
of  the  antiquated  Englifh  words  are  more  dr 


(f7)DEALBHA0TTH. 

(;8)  Gri0n  is  the  Sun»  and  GrianMm  Sufi-like,  or  belong* 
ing  to  the  Sun. 

(fo)  Thcfe  are  Brlttifli,  Wclfli,  Cornilh,  Irlfli,  AJankSf 
and  Earfe. 

C  4  i?f« 


Digitized 


by  Google 


40  THE   HISTORY 

hCs  corruptly  extant  in  Friczland,  Jutland,  and 
the  other  Northern  countries  f  with  not  ^  few 
in  the  Lowlands  of  Scotland,  and  in  the  old 
Englifli  Pale  in  Ireland, 

XII.  N  O  W,  from  the  name  of  Hercules 
let's  come  to  his  perfon,  or  at  leaft  to  the 
perfon  acknowledg'd  to  have  been  one  of  the 
Heros  worfliip'd  by  the  Gauls,  and  fuppos'd 
by  th?  Greecs  and  Ropians  to  be  HERquLES, 
On  thi?  occafion  I  cannot  but  refled  on  the 
oppofitc  <;onduft,  whi(;h  the  Learned  and  the 
Unlearned  formerly  obferv'd,  with  refpcftto 
the  Gods  and  divine  matters.  If,  thro  the  ig- 
norance or  fuperftition  of  the  people,  any  fa- 
ble, tho  ever  fo  grofs,  was  generally  rep civ'd 
in  a  Religion  5  the  Learned  being  afhanVd  of 
fuch  an  abfurdity,  yet  not  daring  openly  to 
explode  any  thing  wherein  the  Pricfts  found 
tfieir  account,  explain'd  it  away  by  emblems 
and  allegories  importing  a  reafonable  mean- 
ing, of  which  the  firft  authors  nev^r  though^ : 
and  if  the  Learned  on  th^  other  hand,  either 
to  procure  the  greater  veneration  for  their  dic- 
tates, or  the  better  to  conceal  their  fentimcnfs 
from  the  profane  Vulgar,  did  poetically  dif- 
courfeof  the  Elements  and  qualities  of  Matter, 
pf  the  Conftellations  or  the  Planets,  and  the 
like  efFeds  of  Nature,  veiling  them  as  perfons  5 
the  common  fort  immediately  took  them  for  fo 
-  many  perfons  in  good  earneft,  and  ucnder'd 
'?m  divine  worfliip  under  fuch  forrris,  as  the 
Priefts  judg'd  fitted  to  rcprcfent  them.     Ob- 

)ea§^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


0¥  THE  DRUIDS.  j^i 

jf  ds  of  divine  worftiip  have  been  coin'd  out  of 
the  rhetorical  flights  of  Orators,  or  the  flatter-^ 
ing  addreflfes  of  Panegyrifts :  even  metaphors 
and  epithet^  have  been  transformed  into  Gods, 
Ift^hich  prof  ur  d  mony  for  the  Priefts  as  well  as 
the  befts  and  this  by  fo  much  the  more,  as 
fuch  objeds  were  multiply 'd.  This  is  the  un- 
avoidable confequence  of  deviating  ever  fo  lit- 
tle from  plain  TRUTH,  which  is  never  fo 
heartily  and  highly  reverenced,  ^s  when  appear- 
ing in  her  native  fimplicity  5  for  as  foon  as  her 
genuine  beauties  are  indeavor'd  to  be  h^ightn'd 
by  borrowed  ornaments,  ^ndthatfhe's  put  un- 
der a  difguife  in  gorgeous  apparel :  flie  quicl?- 
ly  becomes,  like  others  aiFcding  fuch  a  dreft, 
a  mercenary  p/oftitute,  wholly  afting  by  vanity, 
^tifice,  or  intereft,  and  never  fpeaking  but  in 
ambiguous  or  unintelligible  terms;  while  the 
pdmiration  of  her  Lovers  is  firft  turn'd  into  ^- 
fnazement,  as  it  commonly  ends  in  contenit 
and  hatred.  But  over  and  above  the  difficul- 
ty, which  thefe  proceedings  have  occafion'd  in 
the  Hiftory  of  antient  Time,  there  arifes  a  grea- 
ter from  Time  itfelf  deftroying  infinite  circuni-  , 
ilances,  the  want  wl^ereof  (jauf^s  that  tp  feem 
afterwards  obfcure,  which  at  the  beginning 
was  very  clear  and  eafy.  To  this  we  may  join 
the  prepofterous  emulation  of  nations,  in  af- 
cribing  to  their  own  Gods  or  Heros,  what- 
ever qualities  were  preeminent  in  thofe  of  q- 
%hcrs.    That  moft  judicious  writer  (57)  about 

(57^  ^wpwvTW  Btoopia  xtpt  rm  twv  Oi«ir  (^;««»<,  Vu1g&:   fed. 

Tit  Ra VII  codex  &  Vaticanus  legunt  (notante  doaiflim^ 
Galeo)  verus  cltulus  eft  Kopvovnw  tft^p^mr^y  ««>  t>iv  *ea- 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


42  THE    HISTORY 

the  nature  of  the  Godsy  commonly  caird  Phurt 
NUTUS  (tho  his  true  name  was  Cornutus,  a 
Stoic  Philofophcr)  whom  I  fhall  have  frequent 
occafion  to  quote  hereafter,  "  owns  the  great 
^<  (5  8)  variety,  and  confcquently  the  perplexed- 
"  nefs  and  obfcurity,  that  occurs  intheHiftory 
**  of  Hercules  i    whereby  it  is  difficult  to 
*'  know  certainly  what  were  his  real  atchiev- 
<^  nicnts,  or  what  were  fabuloufly  fathered  up- 
<<  on  him :  but  having  been  an  excellent  Gc- 
"  neral,   who  had  in  diverfe  countries  figna^ 
"  liz'd  his  valor,   he  thinks  if  not  probablCj^ 
<'  that  he  went   onely  arm'd  with  a  Lions 
**  skin  and  a  Club  i    but  that  he  was  repre- 
«^  fented  after  his  death  with  thefe,    is  fym-^ 
*'  bols  of  generofity  and  fortitude,  for  which 
**  reafori  alfo  he  was  pidur  d  with  a  bow  and 
*'  arrows/'    To  this  let  me  add,   that  feveral 
valiant  men  in  feveral  nations  having,  in  imi- 
tation of  fome  one  man  any  where,  been  cal- 
'  led  or  rather  furnam'd  Hercules  $  not  only  the 
works  of  many,  as  fubduing  of  Tyrants,   ex- 
terminating of  wild  beafts,  promoting  or  exer- 
cifing  of  commerce,  and  proteding  or  improv- 
ing of  Learning  have  been  afcrib'd  to  one : 

(r8)  To  it  iyihatiftiet  yeyovevai  rot  t8  Scou  iJia,  flMW  t«v  irupt  To^ 
"llpeobc  /^opoufjuvwv.  Ta,%ct  Jav  ^  Xiwn^  uat  to  poroAw  fK  rtf^  Tff-. 
Xfuaq  6«oAoy<af  sti  tovIov  fii\tvijv9yixiya  nm  t;pa\ijywyap  aurovyfr- 
vojxfvoy  ayadov,  xat  roXKst  (Jitpyi  rviq  v\t;  tiera  ZwafAW^  trehBovra^ 
evx'ciov  Tff  yvjxvov  cSo^av  nrspts^ii^v^fyctt  $vA^  /xovto  cJrAitf'/xivoy  :  aAA4 
Vo<€  ?  fT<(tf»j/x6/$  Tou  0#ou,  (lera,  tov  avaBavartfff-Wf  w»o  ruv  tvtpT/tr 
roviiBvmv  mitoffiiiff^cu  i   ^vftjSoAov  ya^  fiuCfpov  t/»f  p«ft>](  mcu  yf wocioa 

.T>JT««-  ^r.  cap.   31, 

*  Alii  li^<<ruvo<«. 

but 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF   THE  DRUIDS.  43 

but  that  alto  wherever  any  robuft  pcrfon  was 
found  rcprefented  with  a  skin  and  a  club,  a  bow 
and  arrows,  he  was  ftraight  dcem'd  to  be  Her- 
cules 5  whence  the  Egyptian,  the  Indian,  the 
Tyrian,  the  Cretan,  the  Grecian  or  Theban, 
and  the  Gallic  Hercui.es.  This  was  aconftant 
way  with  the  Greecs  and  Romans,  who  (fojr 
example)  from  certain  rcfemblances  perfedly 
accidental,  conjedur'd  that  Isis  was  honour  d 
by  the  (59)  Germans,  and  Bacchus  worfhip^d 
by  the  (60)  Jews,  which  laft  notion  is  refuted 
even  by  their  enemy  (61)  Tacitus.  Such 
fuperficial  difcoveries  about  the  Celtic  divini- 
ties I  (hall  abundantly  expofe.  Yet  that  Og- 
mius  might  be  really  the  Grecian  Hercules, 
well  known  in  Gaule,  it  will  be  no  valid  ex- 
ception that  he  was  by  the  Druids  Theologi- 
cally made  the  Symboll  of  the  Force  of  Elo- 
quence ^  for  which  that  country  has  been  ever 
diftinguifh'd  and  efteem'd :  fince  even  in  Greece 
he  was,  as  Phurnutus  aflures  us,  myftically  ac- 
counted (62)  thatReafdn  which  is  diffused  thro 

(f^)  Pars  Suevonim  &  Ifidl  facrificac  Unde  caulk  et  origo 
pcrcgrino  facro  panim  comperi ;  nifi  quod  flgnum  ipfum,  in 
modum  Libumae  figuratuiti,  docet  adve&am  Hellglonem. 
Tacit,  de  mcr.  German,  cap,  9. 

(60)  Plutarch.  Sjmfoftac.  lib.  4.  queih  ^rolixiis  dlf- 
fercntenx  otiofus  confulas,  leSor. 

(61)  Quia  facerdotes  eorum  tibil  tympanifque  concine- 
bant,  hederi  vinciebantur,  vitifque  aurea  templo  repcrta, 
liberum  patrem  coli,  domitorem  Orientis,  quidaih  aroitra- 
ti  funt,  nequaqiiam  coii|ruentibus  inftitutis  :  qulppe  Liber 
feftos  laetolqiie  ritus  pofuit,  Judaeorum  mos  abfurdus  for^ 
didufque.    Lib.  S-  ^f^f*  f* 

(62)  *HptfKAij«  5i  tqtv  6  «v  Toi$  6Ao/«  Aoyo^,  xaO'  6v  ^  ^vft^  lex"' 
fa  KCit  Hpcilaia  ««y*v,  avtHtpfiq  xcu  artptyewif.oq  ovffx :  fitraZortKO^ 
tfXvo^f  Hcu  Ttti  »«P«  1^9^*^  «^Ki^  w»a;x«v.     i/bi  fufra. 

Digitized  by  GoXrole 


44  THE   HISTORY 

all  things  ^according  to  which  Nature  is  viga^ 
rous  and  ftrongy  invincible  and  ever  genera- 
ting 5  being  the  power  that  communicates  vir^ 
fue  andfirmnefs  to  every  part  of  things.  The 
Scholiafl:  of  Apollonius  affirms,  that  the  na- 
tural Philofophcrs  underftood  by  Hercules, 
the  (63)  intelligence  and  permanence  of  beings  : 
^  the  Egyptians  held  him  to  be  (64)  that 
Reafony  which  is  in  the  whole  of  things  ^  and 
in  every  part.  Thus  the  Learned  allegorized 
away  among  others  (as  I  faid  before)  the  fa- 
bulous atchievments  and  miraculous  birth  of 
this  Hero,  on  which  we  Ihall  however  touch 
again,  when  we  come  to  explain  the  Hea- 
then humor  of  making  all  extraordinary  perr 
fons  the  Sons  of  Gods,  and  commonly  be- 
got  on  Virgins  5  tho  this  laft  is  not  the  cafe 
of  Hercules,  who  was  feign'd  to  be  the  Son 
of  Jupiter  by  Alcmena,  another  man's  wife. 
This  wou'd  be  reckon'd  immoral  among  men, 
but  Jupiter  (faid  the  Priefts)  can  do  with  his 
own  what  he  pleafes  :  which  reafon,  if  it  con- 
tented the  husbands,  cou'd  not  difpleafe  the 
batchelors,  who  might  chance  to  be  fometimcs 
JypiTER's  fubftitutes.  The  Druidical  allegory 
of  OGMIUS,  or  the  Gallic  Hercules,  which 
in  its  proper  place  I  fliall  give  you  at  large,  is 
extremely  beautiful :  and  as  it  concerns   that 

(64)  Toy  iv  TUfft,  neii  Ztei  vcLvrav,  Aoyov  ^non  ^^ov,  ut  COimpt^ 
leg!  cum  Ga;.EO  fufpicor  in  MacrOBIO,  $aturnaLUb^  i^ 
fif/.  20.     '  *  ^  '   •  '-  •  ^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF   THE  DRUIDS.  4i 

tioqucncc  whereof  you  are  fo  confummate  a 
mafter,  cannot  but  powerfully  charm  you. 

Xin.  IN  the  mean  time  'tis  probable  yout 
Lordfliip  will  be  defireous  to  know,  whether, 
beiides  the  language  and  traditions  of  the  Irifti, 
or  the  Monuments  of  Stone  and  other  mate- 
rials  which  the  country  affords,  there  yet  re- 
main any  Literary  records  truly  antient  and  un- 
adulterated, whereby  theHiftory  oftheDruids^ 
with  fuch  other  points  of  antiquity,  may  be 
retrieved,  or  at  leaft  illuftrated  >  This  is  a  ma- 
terial queftion,  to  which  I  return  a  clear  and 
dired  anfwer  5  that  not  onely  there  remain 
very  many  antient  Manufcripts  undoubtedly 
genuine,  bcfides  fuch  as  areforg'd,  and  greater 
numbers  C6  5)  interpolated,  fcveral  whereof  arc 
in  Ireland  itfelf,  fome  here  in  England,  and 
others  in  the  Irifli  Monafteries  abroad :  but 
that,  notwithftanding  the  long  ftate  of  barba- 
rity in  which  that  nation  hath  lain,  and  after 
all  the  rebellions  and  wars  with  which  the 
kingdom  has  been  harrafs'd  5  they  have  incom- 
parably more  antient  materials  of  that  kind  for 
their  hiftory  (to  which  even  their  Mythology 
is  not  unferviceable)  than  either  the  Englifh, 
or  the  French,  or  iany  other  European  nation, 
with  whofe  Manufcripts  I  have  any  acquain- 

OJf )  As  the  Vraiceacht  na  neighs ,  / .  «•  the  Accidence  of  the 
Artia^)  or  the  Poets ;  which  being  the  workof  FORCHERN 
before-nam'dy  was  interpolated,  and  fitted  to  his  own  time, 
by  Cbann  faoladh  the  Son  of  0ix,I0LL|  in  the  Year  of 
Cbrifi  628. 

tancc. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


46  TH£    HISTORY 

tancc.     Of  thefe  I  fhall  one  day  give  a  Cata- 
logue, marking  the  places  where  they  now  ly, 
as  many  as  I  know  of  them  5  but  not  mean- 
ing every  Tranfcript  of  the  fame  Manufcript, 
which  wou'd  be  endlefs,  if  not  impofllblc.  In 
all  conditions  the  Irilh  have  been  (trangely 
follicitous,  if  not  to  fome  degree  fuperftitious, 
about  prefcrving  their  books  and  parchments  5 
even  thofe  of  them  which  are  fo  old,  as  to  be 
now  partly  or  wholly  unintelligible.     Abun- 
dance thro  over    care  have    perilhed  under 
ground,   the  concealer  not  having  skill,    or 
wanting  fearcloath  and  other  proper  materials 
for  prefcrving  them.  The  moft  valuable  pieces, 
both  in  verfe  and  profc,  were  written  by  their 
Heathen  anccftors  i  whereof  fome  indeed  have 
been  interpolated  after  the  prevailing  of  Chri- 
ftianity,  which  additions  or  alterations  are  ne- 
verthclefs  eafily  diftinguifti'd :    and  in    thefe 
Books  the  rites  and  formularies  of  the  Druids, 
together  with  their  Divinity  and  Philofophy  5 
cfpecially  their  two  grand  doftrines  of  the 
Eternity  and  Incorruptibility  of  the  Univerfe, 
and  the  inceffant  Revolution  of  all  beings  and 
forms,  are  very  (pecially,  tho  fometimes  very 
figuratively  exprefs'd.     Hence  their  Allmima- 
tion  and  Tranfintgration.    Why  none  of  the 
Natives  have  hitherto  made  any  better  ufe  of 
thefe  treafures  5  or  why  both  they,  and  fuch  o- 
thers  as  have  written  concerning  die^Hiftory  of 
Ireland,  have  oncly  entertained  the  world  with 
the  fables  of  it  (as  no  country  wants  a  fabulous 
account  of  its  original,  orthefucceffionof  its 

Princes)? 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  47 

iPrinccs)  why  the  modern  Irifh  Hiftorians,  I  faf,  ^ 
give  us  fuch  a  mcdly  of  relations,  unpick'd  and 
unchofcn,  1  had  rather  any  man  elfc  fliou'd  tell. 
The  matter  is  certainly  ready,  there  wants  but 
will  or  skill  for  working  of  it ;  feparating  the 
Drols  from  the  pure  Ore,  and  diftinguifh- 
ing  counterfeit  from  fterling  coin.  This  in 
the  mean  time  is  undeniable,  that  Learned 
men  in  other  places,  perceiving  the  fame 
diflies  to  be  eternally  ferv'd  up  at  every  meal, 
are  of  opinion  that  there  is  no  better  fi^rc 
ia  the  country  5  while  thofe  things  have  been 
concealed  from  them  by  the  ignorant  or  the 
lazy,  -that  would  have  added  no  fmall  orna- 
ment even  to  their  claffical  ftudies.  Of  this 
I  hope 'to  convince  the  world  by  the  luftre, 
which,  in  this  work,  Ifhall  impart  to  the  Anti- 
quities not  only  of  Gaule  and  Britain,  but  like- 
wife  to  numerous  paiTages  of  the  Greec  and 
Latin  authors.  How  many  noble  difcoveries 
of  the  like  kind  might  be  made  in  all  countries, 
where  the  ufe  of  Letters  has  long  fubfifted! 
Such  things  in  the  mean  time  are  as  if  they 
were  not :  for 

^aulum  fepukae  dijiat  inertiae 
Celatanjirtus.  Horat.  lib.i-.  Od.g: 

The  ufe  of  Letters  has  been  very  antipnt  in 
Ireland,  which  at  firft  were  cut  on  the  bark  oi 
trees  (66),  prepar'd  for  that  purpofej   or  on 

(65)  Orsium  .     , 

fmooth 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


4S  tME  HISTORY 

ihioofh  tables  of  birch-wood,  which  were 
ctkWd  (67)  Toets  tables  5  as  their  charader^ 
were  in  general  nam'd  (68)  twigs  and  branch- 
letters  ^  from  their  Ihape.  Their  Alphabet 
was  caird  Beth-luis-nion,  from  the  three 
firft  Letters  of  the  fame,  B,  L,  N,  Bethy 
Luis,  Nion  (69) :  for  the  particular  name  of 
every  Letter  was,  for  memory- fake,  from  fome 
tree  or  other  vegetable  5  which,  in  the  infancy 
of  writing  on  barks  ^d  boards,  was  vcty  na- 
tural.  They  had  alfo  many  charaftcrs  iignify- 
ing  whole  words,  like  the  Egyptians  and  the 
Chinefe.  When  Patric  introduced  the  Ro- 
man Letters  (as  I  faid  above)  then,  from  a  cor- 
ruption o{  jibcedarium,  they  call'd  their  new 
Alphabet  (70)  Aibghtttir  5  which,  by  the  Mon- 
kifh  writers,  has  been  Latiniz'd  [j\)Abgeto^ 
rium.  But  there  florifh'd  a  great  number  of 
Druids,  Bards,  Vaids,  and  other  authors  in 
Ireland  long  before  Patricks  arrival  r  whofc 
Learning  was  not  only  more  extenfive,  but  alfa 
much  more  ufeful  than  that  of  their  Chrkikiaft 

(67 J  TathbleFiUadh. 

(68)  Feadha :  Craoih  Ogham. 

(69)  Birch,  S^Hicken,  and  ^Jh, 

Xyo)  At^  firft  it  was  very  analogically  pronounced  jfi-te^ 
datty  fmce  the  Letter  C  then  in  Latin,  as  ftill  in  Irifli  aad 
Brittilh,  had  the  force  of  K  no  lefs  before  E  and  I,  than 
before  A,  O,  U  ;  having  never  been  pronouncM  like  S  by 
the  antient  Romans,  who  faid  Kikero,  kenfeoy  kmhuSf 
but  not ^iSEKO y  ftnleo,  foecus,  when  the  words  ClCBRO, 
tenfeo,  coecus,  or  luch  like  occurr'd :  fo  that  Ahhdair  did 
siaturally  liquidate  into  jlihghinir^  in  the  manner  that  all 
Grammarians  know. 

(71;  Scripfit  Abgetoria  [fcilicet  Patricius]  gf/,  et  co 
amplius  numero.     Nenn.  H/y?.  Britm.  caf.  55. 

•  Pofte- 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE  DRUlDS.  49 

IV^ftcrity :  this  M  fort  being  almoft  wholly 
imploy'd  in  Scholaftic  Divinity,  Mctaphyfical 
or  Chronological  Difputcs,  Legends,  Miracles^ 
and  Martytologies,  efpecially  after  the  eighth 
century.  Of  all  the  things  committed  to  wri* 
ting  by  the  Heathen  Irifti,  none  were  more  ce^ 
Icbratcd,  or  indeed  in  themfelves  more  valua* 
blc,  than  their  Laws  5  which  were  delivered,  as 
anticntly  among  fomc  other  nations,  in  fliort 
fentcnces,  commonly  in  verfe,  no  lefs  reputed 
infallible  Oracles  than  the  Lacedemonian  Re- 
thfie  (72)  :  and,  what's  remarkable,  they  arc 
cxprcfly  tcrm'd  (73)  Celejiial  Judgements  ^^ 
for  the  pronouncing  of  which,  the  mod  famous' 
were  Forchern,  Neid,  Conla,  Eogan, 
Mod  AN,  MoRAN,  King  Cormac,  his  Chief 
Juftice  FiTHiL,  FachMa,  Maine,  Ethnea 
the  daughter  of  Amalgad,  and  many  morc*^ 
Irhefc  Celejiial  Judgements  were  only  preferv'd 
in  traditionary  Poems,  according  to  the  inftitu;* 
tion  of  the  Druids,  till  committed  to  writing 
at  the  command  of  (74)  Concovar  King  ot 
Ulftcr  5  who  dy'd  in  the  year  of  Christ  48^ 
whereas  Patric  begun  his  ApcrfUefhip  but  iii 
the  year  43  a.  The  Poets  that  wrote  wcrcf 
niunberlefs,  of  whafc  worls^s  fcveral  pieces  re- 
inain  ftill  intire,  with  diverfe  Fragments  of  o- 
thers4  The  .three  grcateft  incouragers  of  Learn-, 
jjig  among  tlie  Heathen  Irifh  Mon^^wei^. 

(7))  Breatha  nimbe. 

(74;  CaNCHOBHAK  Ntll4K/l«<^  il£ir  Kil^ASlAr 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


56  THE  HISTORY 

firft,  King  (75)  Achaius  (furnamcd  The^o* 
it  or  of  Ireland)  who  is  faid  to  have  built  at 
Tarah  an  Academy,  call'd  The  Court  of  the 
Learned  (76).  Twas  he  that  ordain'd,  for 
every  principal  family,  hereditary  Antiquaries  1 
or,  in  cafe  of  incapacity,  the  moft  able  of  the 
fame  hiftorical  houfe,  with  rank  and  privileges 
immediately  after  the  Druids.  The  next  pro- 
moter of  Letters  was  King  (77)  Tuathalius, 
whofe  furname  is  rendered  Bonaventura 
(tho  not  fo  properly)  and  who  appointed  a 
triennial  rcvifion  of  all  the  Antiquaries  Books, 
by  a  Committee  of  three  Kings  or  great  Lords, 
three  Druids,  and  three  Antiquaries.  Thcfc 
were  to  caufe  whatever  was  approved  and  found 
valuable  in  thofe  books,  to  be  tranfcrib'd  into 
the  royal  (78)  Book  of  Tarah ;  which  was  to  be 
the  perpetual  ftandard  of  their  Hiftory,  and  by 
which  the  contents  of  all  other  fuch  books 
ftou'd  be  received  or  rejefted.  Such  good  re* 
gulations  I  fay  there  were  made,  but  not  how 
long  or  how  well  obferv'd  :  or,  if  trath  is  to 
be  preferred  to  all  other  refpefts,  we  muft  own 
they  were  but  very  (lightly  regarded  5  and  that 
the  Bards,  befides  their  Poetical  licenfe,  were 
both  mercenary  and  partial  to  a  fcandalous  de^- 
gree.  The  ordinance  however  is  admirable,- 
and  deferves  more  to  be  imitated,  than  we  caa 
cvet  expeft  it  to  be  fo  any  where,    The  third 

Of)   EOCHAIDH   OLLAMHFODX.A4 

(76)  Mur-Ottamhan. 

(77)  TCATHAL   T£ACHTHHAIU 

(78)  Ac^Mjt  jimir^ 

fooft 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OB   tH£  bRXJtDl  St 

trioft  iiiunificent  patron  of  Literature  was  King 
CoRMAC,  furnamed  {79)  Long-beardy  who  re- 
newed the  Laws  about  the  Antiquaries,  rebuilt 
and  inlarg'd  the  Academy  at  Tarah  for  hiftory, 
law,  and  military  prowefs  :  befides  that  he  was 
ian  indefatigable  diftributer  of  Juftice,  having 
written  hinifelf  abundance  of  Laws  ftili  ex- 
tant. So  is  his  (80)  Inftitution  of  a  Trince 
(Si),  or  his  y r^r^//^^  to  his  Son  and  Succeflbr 
Carbre(82)Liff£cair,  who  in  likemannet 
'^Z'^  not  fuperficially  addifted  to  the  Mufcs. 
CoRMAC  was  a  great  proficient  in  Philofophy, 
made  light  of  the  Superftitions  of  the  Druids 
in  his  youth  5  and,  in  his  old  age  having  quit- 
ted the  Scepter,  he  led  a  contemplative  life : 
rejeding  all  the  Druidical  fables  and  idolatry, 
and  acknowledging  only  one  Supreme  Being, 
or  firft  Caufc.  This  fhbrt  account  of  the  pri- 
mevous  Irifti  Learning,  whereof  you'll  fee  ma- 
ny proofs  and  particulars  in  the  more  than  once 
mention  d  T^tffeftation  concerning  the  Celtic 
Language  and  Colonies  (to  be  annext  to  our 
Critical  Hiftory)  will,  I  am  confident,  excite 
your  curiofity. 

XIV.  THE  cuftom  therefore,  or  rather  cun-*^  . 
hing  of  the  Druids>  in  not  committing  their 

(79)  iTl-FttADA. 

(80)  lis,  among  other  moft  valtxaUe  pieces,  in  the  Col*    . 
le&ion  call'd  O  Du vegan's,  folio  190.  a,  now  or  late  in 
the  pofleflion  of  the  right  honorable  the  E^rl  of  Cianrtc- 
KARD.     There  are  copies  of  it  ^Ifcwhsi^e,  but  that's  th0 
oUcA  known. 

(81)  Teagarg  Kitgh- 

(82)  CaIEBX.!    LllflOPHAtRi 

^     51  Digitized  by  UOOgie 


a  THE    HlStORy 

titcs  or  dodrincs  to  writing,  has  ntJt  dqpriv'd  u* 
(as  fomc  may  be  apt  to  imagine)  of  fuificient 
materials  to  compile  their  Hijlory.     Fdr,  in 
thcfirft  place,  when  the  Romans  became  ma-- 
fters  of  Gaule,  and  every  where  mixt  with  the 
natives  5  they  cou'd  not  avoid,  ift  that  time  of 
light  and  Learning,  but  arrive  at  the  certain 
knowledge  of  whatever  fads  they  have  been 
plcas'd  to  hand  down  to  us,  tho  not  always 
rightly  taking  the  ufages  of  other  nations :  as 
it  muft  needs  be  from  a  full  convidion  of  the 
Biliidical  fraudulent  Superi>itions,  and  barba* 
lOui  Tyranny  cxercis'd  over  the  credulous  peo- 
j^le,  that  thefe  fame  Romans,  who  tolerated 
all  Religions,  yet  fupprcft  this  Inftituti6n  in 
Gaule  and  Britain^  with  the  utmdft  feverity. 
Tfie  Druids  however  were  not  immediately  ex- 
tiiiguirfi'd,  but  only  their  baftarous,  tyranni- 
cal, ot  illufory  ufages^    And  indeed  their  hu- 
man Sacrifices,  With  their  pretended  Ms^ic^ 
and  an  authority  incompatible  with  the  power 
of  the  Magiftrate,  were  things  not  to  be  in- 
dur'd  by  fo  wife  a  State  as  that  of  the  Romans^ 
In  the  fecond  place,  theGreec  colony  of  Mar* 
feilles,  a  principal  mart  of  Learning,  cou'd  not 
want  pcrfons   curious  enough,  to  acquaint 
themfelves  with  the  Religion,  Philofophy,  and 
Cuiloms  of  the  country,  wherein  they  livM. 
$tRABO  and  others  give  us  an  account  of  fuch. 
J^rom  thefc  the  elder  Greecs  had  their  infbrma^ 
tion  (not  to  (peak  now  of  the  Gauls  feated  in 
Greece  it  felf  and  in  lejQTer  Ada)  as  the  later 
Cjjjtjec^ha4  their$  from  the  Romans  j  and,  b]F 


Digitized  b 


4)F  THE  DRUIDS.  51 

good  fortune,  we  have  avaft  number  of  paffa- 
ges  from  both.    But,  in  the  third  place,  among 
the  Gauls  themfelvqs  and  the  Britons,  among 
the  Irifh  and  Albanian  Scots,  their  Hiftorians 
and  Bards  did  always  regifter  abundance  of  par- 
ticulajrs  about  the  Druids,   whofe  ^fF^irs  were 
in  moft  things  infeparable  from  thofc  of  the 
reft  of  the  inhabitants :  as  they  were  not  only 
the  judges  in  all  matters  civil  or  religious,  but 
in  a  manner  the  executioners  too  in  criminal 
caufes  i  and  that  theh:  Sacrifices  were  very  pub-^ 
lie,  which  confequentjy  made  their  rites  nq 
Icfs  obfervable.     One  thing  whigh  much  coi^r 
tributed  to  make  them  known,  is,  that  the 
King  was  ever  to  have  a  Druid  about  his  perfon  s 
to  pray  and  facrifice,  as  well  as  to  be  a  judge 
for  determining  emergent  controverfies,  tho 
he  had  a  civil  judge  befides.     So  he  had  one 
of  the  chief  Lords  to  advife  him,  5  Bard  to 
fing  the  praifes  of  his  anceftors,  a  Chronicler 
to  regifter  hisownadions,  aPhyfician  to  take 
care  of  his  health,  and  a  Muftcian  to  intertain 
him.     Whoever  was  abfcnt,  thefe  by  Law 
muft  be  ever  prefent,  and  no  fewer  than  the 
three  ConttoUers  of  his  family  5  wl^ich  Decern-, 
viratc  was  the  inftltution  of  King  CormaCi 
The  fame  cuftom  was  taken  up  by  all  the  No- 
bles, whereof  each  had  about  him  his  Dniid, 
Chief  VaflTal,  Bard,  Judge,  Phyfician,  and  Har- 
per $  the  four  laf  having  lands  aflign'd  them, 
.  which  defcended  to  their  families,  wherein 
thefcProfeffions  were  hereditary,  as  wtm  their 
^ar(hal>  and  ;hc  teft  of  their  ofikcrfc    After 

T^     ^^  Digitized  by  (jCTpvl^ 


54  THE   HISTORY 

the  introducing  of  Chriftianity,  the  Druid  was 
fuccecdcd  by  a  Bifhop  or  Prieft,  but  the  reft 
continued  on  the  antient  foot :  infomuch,  that 
for  a  long  tune  after  the  Englilh  Conqueft,  the 

iudges,  the  Bards,  Phyficians,  and  HarperSj^ 
eld  fuch  tenures  in  Ireland.  The  O  Duve- 
GANS  were  the  hereditary  Bards  of  the  O  Kel- 
LIES,  the  O  Clerys  and  the  OBRODiNswerc 
alfo  hereditary  Antiquaries :  the  O  Sheils  and 
the  O  Can  VANS  were  fuch  hereditary  Dodors, 
the  Maglanchys  fuch  hereditary  Judges,  and 
Co  of  the  reft  5  for  more  examples,  efpccially 
in  this  place,  are  needlcfs ;  it  wou  d  be  but 
multiplying  of  names,  without  ever  making 
the  Siibjed  clearer.  Only  I  muft  remark  here, 
frorn  the  very  nature  of  things,  no  lefs  than 
from  fads,  that  ^ho  Cesar  be  fdent  about  it) 
there  were  civil  judges  in  Gaule  juft  as  in  Irer 
land,  yet  und?r  the  dired^on  and  control!  of 
the  Druids.  This  has  led  many  to  imagine, 
that,  becaufe  the  Druids  influenc'd  all,  theco, 
were  therefore  no  other  judgcs^j  which  i$. 
^oubtlefs  an  egregious  aiiftake, 

XV.  FURTHER,  tho  the  t)fuids  wec^? 
fxtmt^d  from  bearing  arms,  jet  they  fin^ily 
determined  cpr>c<?f;nfng  Pcacp  rt"?cl  War :  and 
tHofe  of  that  order,  who  attended  the  King 
and  the  Nobles,'  were  ,obfcrY.'d  to  be.  thci 
greateft  make-bates  and  incendiaries  i  the  mpjft 
averfe  to  Peace  in  Council, ^and  the  moft  jcfuel 
of  all  others  in  Adion.  Some  of  'em  were 
ally'd  to  Kings,  many  of  "cx^  w?re  Kind's  foiis. 

Digitized  by  Google  ^ 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  5^ 

and  great  numbers  of  them  cuird  out  of  the 
beft  families:  which  you  fee  is  an  old  trick, 
but  has  not  been  always  cfFcftual  enough  to 
perpetuate  an  Order  of  men.  This  however 
made  Hiftorians  not  to  forget  them,  and  indeed 
icveral  of  'em  rendered  themfelves  very  re- 
markable 5  as  the  Druid  Trosdan,  who 
found  an  Antidote  againft  the  poyfon'd  ar- 
rows of  certain  Britt^  invaders  :  («3)  Ca- 
BADius,  grandfather  to  the  moft  celebrated 
champion  (84)  Cuculandj  (*5)  Tages  th^ 
father  of  Morn  a,  mother  to  the  no  lefs  fa- 
mous (86)  Fin  MAC  Cuir. :  Dadbp.,  who  was 
killed  by  Eogan,  fon  to  Olill  Olom  King 
of  Munfter  5  which  Eogan  was  mar^ry'd  to 
MoiNic,  the  daughter  of  the  Druid  D1LI4. 
The  Druid  Mogruth,  the  fonof  Sjnduinn, 
was  the  ftouteft  man  in  the  wars  of  King  CoRr 
mac  :  nor  lefs  valiant  was  (87)  Dubcoi^iar, 
the  chief  Druid  of  King  Fiacha5  arid  Luga- 
piusf  Mac-Con  the  abdicated  King  of  Ireland, 
was  treacheroufly  run  thro  the  body  with  a 
lance  by  theDruid(88>FiRCHisus.  Ida  and 
Ono  (Lords  of  Corcachlann  near  Kofcommon)? 
were  Druids  5  wherof  Ono  prefented  his  for-^ 
trcfs  of  Imleach'Ona  to  Patric,  who  con- 
verted it  into  the  religious  houfe  of  Elphith 

(85)  CaTHBAID!, 

(84)  CVCHVLAIP, 

(85)  Tadhg. 

(8<S)  Finn  mhac  Cvbhaiii.ji 

(87)   DVBHCHOMAI^, 

^88)  F£ARCHIt$«  # 

D  ^  ^^6 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


56  THE    HISTORY 

fincc  an  (89)  Epifcopal  Sec.  From  the  very 
name  of  (90)  Lamderg,  or  Bloody-handy  wc 
learn  what  fort  of  man  the  Druid  was,  who 
by  the  vulgar  is  thought  to  live  inchantcd  in 
the  mountain  between  Bunncranach  and  (91) 
Fathen  in  the  CQunty  of  DunegalL  Nor  muft 
we  forget,  tho  out  of  order  of  time.  King 
(9a)NiALL  of  the  nifie  kojf age's  Arch'Dniidy 
by  name  (93)  Lagicinus  Barchedius  5  who 
procured  amoft  cruel  war  againft  Eocha  King 
of  Munftcr,  for  committing  Manflaughter  oh 
his  fon :  and  which  the  Druids  making  a  com- 
mon caufe,  there  was  no  honor,  law,  or  hu- 
manity obferv'd  towards  this  King  j  whole  (lo- 
ry, at  length  in  our  book,  will  ftand  as  a  laft- 
ing  monument  oFDruidical  bloodynefs,  and 
a  Pricft-ridden  State.  I  conclude  with  Bac- 
RACH  (chief  Druid  to  Conchobhar  Nessan 
King  of  Ulftcr)  who  is  fabl'd  by  the  monks 
long  after  the  extindion  of  the  Druids,  to 
have  before  it  happened,  others  fay  at  the 
very  time,  dcTcrib'd  the  paffion  of  Jbsu»s 
Christ,  in  fo  lively  and  moveing  a  manner  $ 
that  the  King  tranfported  with  rage  drew  his 
fword,  and  with  inexprcflible  fujfy  fell  a  hack* 

C89)  ^Ilfinn,  from  a  vaft  Ob^lHc  that  ftood  by  a  well  m 
that  place ;  and  that  fell  down  in  the  year  i67f .  Tb^ 
word  fignifies  the  i»hhe  Stonty  and  was  corrupted  into  OiU 
ftm.  Some  wou'd  derive  the  name  from  the  cleamefs  or 
the  fountain,  but 'tis  by  torture  .*  others  from  ouq  Qttu^ 
iviKN,  a  Daniib  commander.  ^ 

(90)  Lambhdea&g. 

jjgi)  TaMfsoil^treach. 

^i)  NfALL  Naoichi-allach. 

(^3)  LaiGHICHIN    MHA^  SAaiLj:fll£A|>HA« 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF   THE  DRUIDS.  57 

lag  and  hewing  the  trees  of  the  wood  where 
he  then  was,  which  he  piiftpok  for  the  Jews  : 
nay,  that  he  put  hiinfeif  into  fuch  a  heat  as 
to  dy  of  this  frenzy.  But  even  O  Flaherty 
fully  confutes  this  filly  fi£kion,  (94)  not  think- 
ing it  poflible  that  fuch  circumftances  cou'd 
be  any  way  inferred  from  an  Eclipfe  (which 
is  the  fouiKiation  of  the  ftory)  nor  that  a 
clearer  revelation  fliou'd  be  made  of  thofe  things 
to  the  Irifti  Druids,  than  to  the  Jewifti  Pro- 
phets 5  and,  finally,  by  fhewing,  that  Conchob^ 
har  dy'd  quietly  in  his  bed  1 5  years  after  the 
crucifixion  of  Christ.  Bacrach  however  was 
a  great  man,  and  the  King  himfelf  had  a  Druid 
for  his  ftcp-father  and  inftrudor. 

XVL  IT  can  be  no  wonder  therefore,  that 
men  thus  facred  in  their  fundion,  illuftrious 
in  their  alliances,  eminent  for  their  learn- 
ing, and  honour-d  for  their  valor,  as  well  as 
dreaded  for  their  power  and  influence,  (hould 
alfo  be  memorable  both  in  the  poetry  and 
profc  of  their  country.  And  fo  in  fad  they 
ar^  notwithftanding  what  Dudjpey  Forbes, 
before  mentioned,  did,  in  a  Letter  to  an  Irifh 
writer,  (95)  in  the  year  1683,  affirm  : 
namely,  tiiat,  in  BatricIs  time  no  fewer  than 
I  So  Volumes,  relating  to  the  affairs  of  the 
Druids^  were  burnt  in  Ireland.  Dr.  Kennedy 
fays,  (96)  that  Patric  burnt  300  volumns^ 

C94)  Ogyg. 

(95)  O  FLAMSiiTir. 

S^'-Difftrmivn  sh»t  the  Fimthjf  tk  Stmi^t«.  Boef^' 

yCOOQli 


Digitized  by  V 


gle 


5S  THE   HISTORY 

ftuft  with  the  fables  and  fupefjiitions  of 
Heathen  Idolatry:  unfits  adds  he,  ^^  betranf 
mittedto  pojierity.  But,  pray,  how  fo?  why 
are  Gallic  or  Iriih  fuperftitions  more  unfit  to  be 
tranfmitted  to  poftcrity,  than  thofe  of  the 
Greecs  and  Romans  ?  Why  fhou'd  Patric  be 
more  fqueamifli  m  this  rcfpedthan  Moses  or 
the  fucceding  Jewifti  Prophets,  who  have  tranf* 
mitted  to  all  ages  the  Idolatries  of  the  Egyptians, 
Phenicians,  Caldeans,  and  other  eaftern  na- 
tions} What  an  irreparable  deftruftion  of  Hi- 
ftory,  what  a  deplorable  extindion  of  arts  and 
Inventions,  what  an  unfpeakable  detriment  to 
Learning,  what  a  dilhonor  upon  human  un-' 
ifcrftanding,  has  the  cowardly  proceeding  of  the 
ignorant,  or  rather  of  the  interefted,  againft  un-» 
arm'd  monuments  at  all  times  occafion'd !  And 
yet  this  Book-burning  and  Letter-murdring 
humor,  tho  £5ar  from  being  commanded  by 
Christ,  has  prevailed  in  Chriftianity  from  the 
beginning:  as  in  the  .^^j  of  the  Apoftleswc 
read,  (97)  thzt  many  of  them  which  beUev^d^--^ 
0nd  us'd  curious  artSy  brought  their  books  to^ 
get  her 9  and  burnt  them  before  all  men  j  and 
they  counted  the  price  of  them^  and  found  it 
^fty  thoufand  pieces  ofjilvery  or  about  three 
hundred  pounds  ftcrling.  This  was  die  firft  in*, 
fiance  ;of  burning  Books  among  Chriftiansi 
and  ever  fince  that  time  the  example  has  been 
better  foUow'd,  then  any  precept  of  the  Gof^ 
pel. 

f  97)  Afts  19.  19^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ  iC 


OF  TH^  DRUIDS.  S9 

XVII.  FROM  what  wc  have  hitherto  ob- 
fcrv'd,  you  fee  that  our  Hiftorians,  My  Lord, 
4o  (in  fpitc  of  all  chances)  abound  with  mat^ 
ter  enough  to  revive  and  iliuftrate  the  me- 
mory of  the  Druids.  Befides  that  the  rites 
and  opinions  of  other  nations  ferve  not  on- 
ly to  give  light  to  theirs,  but  were  many  of 
them  of  Druidical  or  Celtic  extradion*  This 
no  body  will  deny  of  the  Aboriginal  Italians, 
who  having  been  often,  over-run  by  the  Gauls, 
and  having  feveral  Gallic  Colonies  planted  a- 
mong  them,  they  partook  both  of  their  Lan- 
guage and  Religion  5  as  will  be  very  eafily  c- 
vinc'd  in  our  ^ijfertation^  and  has  been  al-^ 
ready^tolerably  done  by  Father  Pezron  in  his 
Celtic  Originals.  Diogenes  Laertius,  in 
the  Proem  of  his  Thilofophical  Hiftoryy  rec-? 
jcons  the  Druids  among  the  chief  Authors  of 
the  Barbarous  Theology  and  Philolbphy,  long 
^Ulterior  to  the  Greecs,  their  difciples :  and 
Phurnutus,  in  his  treatife  $f  the  nature  of 
the  Godsy  faysmoft(98)  exprefly,  that  among 
the  many  and  various  fables  which  the  ath 
ftent  Greecs  had  about  the  Gods^fome  were 
derived  from  the  Mages  ^fome from  theEgyp^ 
tians  and  Gauls y  others  from  the  Africans 
mdThrygianSy  ard others  from  other  tuitions  i 

(98)  Tu  2c  ToAA^^  VLOU  foiHiXa^  rsp^  huv  yiyovtyat  rctpa  roiq  ra* 
^atotq  'Eaam tf<  fjLv&oTol'a^f  »g  «AAai  /xi v  cti  l/lAyotq  ytywoftv,  aXAcu  8f 
vecp*  Atyvrrtot^  xat  Kihrotg^  nat  A«i3uf /,  uat  *pu?i,  x«i  to<{  oAAoic 
fOvgtfu  Cap.  17.  Thus  the  ^anufqript  very  accurately : 
but  the  printed  Copy  has  roiq  aAAo/«  'eaaijw  fuperfluoufly  in 
fheend,  andwsmts  ^^vU  before^  wlucblsveiy  ^cntlal. 

Digitized  by  VjO"OQIC 


60  THE    HISTORY,  &c 

for  which  he  cites  Homer  as  a  witnefs,  nor  is 
there  any  thing  that  bears  a  greater  withefsto 
it  fclf.  This  however  is  not  all :  for,  over  and 
above  the  feveral  helps  I  have  mentioned,  there 
are  likewife  numerous  monuments  of  the  wor- 
fhip  of  the  Druids,  their  valor,  policy,  and  man- 
ner of  habitation,  ftill  remaining  in  France, 
in  Britain,  in  Ireland,  and  in  the  adjacent 
Iflands  'y  many  of  'em  intire,  and  the  reft  by 
the  help  of  thcfc  eaiUy  conceived.  Moft  arc 
of  ilone,  as  the  leller  ones  are  of  glafs,  an4 
other?  of  earth  bak'd  extremely  hard.  The 
two  laft  kinds  were  ornaments  or  magical  gems> 
AS  were  alfo  thofe  of  Chryftal  and  Agar,  either 
perfcdly  Spherical,  or  in  the  figure  of  a  Len? 
till  5  or  ftiap'd  after  any  of  the  other  ways, 
which  fhall  be  defcrib'd  and  portray'd  in  our 
Book*  The  Glafs  Amulets  or  ornaments  are 
in  the  Lowlands  of  Scotland,  call'd  Adder- 
Jianesy  and  by  the  Welfti  Gleini  fui^roedh^ 
or  Druid-Gla(s,  which  is  in  Irifti  Glaine  nan 
^ruidhe^  Glaine  in  this  language  fignifying 
Glafsy  tho  obfolete  now  in  the  Welfh  dialed, 
and  preferv'd  only  in  this  Gkini  na  ^roedh. 
But  thenu>re  maffy  Monuments  (hall,  in  a  day 
or  ^wo,  be  the  Subjcft  of  another  Letter  hotxip 

My  Lord, 

Your  Lordfhip's  moft 
oblig'd  and  vzff 
juMii.  iji»*  humble  Semot^ 


Digitized 


by  Google 


(<si  y 


THE 

•  SECOND  LETTER: 

TO 

.The  Right  Honourable 

THE    LORD 
VISCOUNT   MOLESWOB,TH. 


I  Ek  M I T  ihc  at  this  tiftic,  (Mr 
Lord)  according  to  the  pro* 
mifc  with  which  I  concluded 
my  laft,  to  fend  to  your  Lord- 
(hip  A  Specimen  of  the  Monu- 
ments relating  to  the  'Druidsy  that  are  ftill 
extant,  cither  intireor  imperfe^.  Hiaveeve; 
indeavor'd  to  avoid  deferving  the  blame>  with 
which  an  approv'd  author  charges  thofe  j  who* 
While  very  converfant  in  the  hiftory  of  othec 
places,  appear  tp  be  abColute  ftnngets  in  their 

own 
J  by  Google 


(^ 


Digitized  b 


64  THE  HISTORY 

own  country :  and  as  I  know  no  man  bettci? 
vcrfcd  in  forcn  affairs  or  in  our  own  (which 
an  able  Statefman  will  nevx:r  fcparatc)  nor  a 
greater  mafter  of  antient  or  modern  hiftory  than 
yourfclf  5  fo  I  am  apt  to  hope,  that  the  col- 
leftion  of  Brittifh  and  Irifh  Antiquities  I  here 
take  the  liberty  to  prefcnt  to  your  Lordfhip, 
may  not  prove  altogether  ditagrccable.  The 
French  examples  (a  few  excepted)  I  refervc  for 
the  larger  .work,  and  in  the  mean  time  I  pro- 
cedc.  On  the  tops  of  mountains  and  other 
eminences  in  Ireland,  in  Wales,  in  Scotland, 
in  the  Scottifli  Hands  and  the  He  of  Man^ 
(where  things  have  been  leaft  diforder*d  or  dif- 
plac'd  by  the  frequency  of  inhabitants,  or  want 
of  better  ground  for  cultivation)  there  are 
great  heaps  of  ftones,  like  the  (i)  Merci/- 
RiAL  heaps  (2)  of  the  Greecs,  whereof  when 
we  treat  of  the  Celtic  Mercury  in  particular. 
The  heaps,  which  make  my  prefent  fubjeft, 
confift  of  ftones  of  all  forts,  from  one  pound 
to  a  hundred.  They  arc  round  in  form,  and 
fbmewhat  tapering  or  diminifhing  upwards: 
but  on  the  fummitwas  always  a  flat  ftonc,  for 
a  ufewcfhall  prefently  explain.  Thefchc^ps 
arcof  allbigneffes,  fome  of  'cm  containing  at 
leaft  a  hundred  cartload  of  ftones :  and  if  any  of 
*cm  be  grown  over  with  earth,  'ti^  purely  ac- 
cidental in  the  long  courfc  of  tih;i€  ^hcrin 

cap.  16. 
{%)  '^mtf^t  u€^  AcerviMeroirliilei* 

Digitized  by  Google  * 


OF    THE    DRUilDS:         6i 

they  have  been  ncgkacd;  for  no  fuch  thing 
was  intended  inthefirft  making  of  them,  as  in 
the  fcpulchral  barrows  of  the  Gothic  nations, 
which  are  generally  of  earth.  Such  a  heap  is 
in  the  antient  Celtic  language,  and  in  every 
dialed  of  it,  caird  C  ARN5  and  every  Cam 
fo  diipos'd,  as  to  be  in  fight  of  fome  other. 
Yet  they  are  very  different  from  the  rude  and 
much  fmaller  pyramyds,  which  the  old  Itifh 
ercft  along  the  roads  in  memory  of  the  dead, 
by  them  call'd  Leachday  and  madeofthefirft 
ftofies  that  offer.  From  the  devotional  rounds 
pqrtbrm'd  about  the  Garns  in  times  of  Hea- 
thenUm,  and  which,  as  we  fhall  fee  anon,  arc 
y^  continued  in  many  places  of  theScottifh 
Highlands  and  the  Hebrides,  any  circle,  or 
turning  about,  is  in  Armoric  calPd  cern  (i), 
as  cerna  in  that  dialed  is  to  make  fuch  a 
turn.  On  the  Carn  caird  Cr/^-^-^/yw,  in  the 
parifti  of  Trelech  in  Caermarthenfhire,  the 
flat  Hone  on  the  top  is  three  yards  in  lengthy 
five  foot  over,  and  from  ten  to  twelve  inches 
thick.  The  circumference  of  this  Carn  at  the 
bottom  is  about  fixty  yards,  and  'tis  about  fix 
yards  high  5  the  afcent  being  very  cafy,  tho  I 
fiippofc  there  was  originally  a  ladder  for  thi§ 
purpofe. 

II.  LET  this  earn  ferve  for  an  example  of 
the  reft,  as  to  their  form  and  bulki  only  w^ 
may  take  notice  here  by  thQ  way,  what  odd 

C})  C  is  prmuMinc'dM  i^ 


Digitized 


byCbogle 


tf4  THE    HISTOtLY 

imaginations  men  ^c  apf  to  have  of  things  they 
do  not  undcrftand.    Thus  Mr.  William  Saj 
cheVerell,  Governor  of  the  lie  of  Man  un- 
der the  right  honorable  the  Earl  of  Derby  in 
part    of  King  William's  reign,   miftaking 
thefe  Cams  in  his  (4)  defcription  of  that  Hand, 
The  fops  of  the  mountains  (fays  he)  feem 
nothing  but  the  ruhinfb  of  nature ^  thrown  m^ 
to  barren  and  unfruitful  heaps j  as  near  two 
thirds  of  the  Hand  are  of  this  fort.    Some 
feem  particularly  worthy  our  remarky  as  the 
two  Barowls,  Skcyali,?^^  watch-hill  of  Knock-* 
a-low  :  but  particularly  Sneafeld,  where  it  is 
not  unpleafant  (continues  he)  when  the  wea- 
ther is  clear  andferene^  to  fee  three  noble  na-^ 
tions  furrounding  one  of  the  mofi  obfcure  in 
the  Univerfe :  which  />,  as  it  were^  the  cen- 
ter of  the  jBrittifb  Empire.    Thefe  heaps  our 
Author  thought  the  work  of  chance,  tho  art- 
fully contrived  in  all  the  Celtic  countries;  as 
Dr.  Martin  thought  a  Carn  in  the  lie  of 
Saint  KiLDA,  wherof  prefently,to  be  afignal 
efFed  of  Providence :  But  as  for  the  Mannian 
nation  (which  is  vifibly  the  center  of  the  Btittilh 
\vorld)  it  is  very  undefervedly  become  obfcurcy 
whether  we  confider  what  has  been  tranfafted 
in  former  ages,  it  having  been  the  theater  of 
many  furprizing  revolutions :  or  the  particular 
ufages  in  religious  and  civil  affairs,  that  even 
now  obtain  there ,  efpecially  their  Laws,  which- 
ftill  continue  moftly  unwrittea  (for  which  rca^ 


Digitized 


by  Google 


\ 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  6s 

fon  they  call  *em  Breafi-laws)  being  without 
expcnfe  or  delay,  and  undoubted  remains  of 
the  Jufticc  of  the  Druids.    For,  wherever  they 
Were  not  themfelves  a  party,  neither  the  Egyp- 
tians, nor  Perfians,  nor  Greecs,  nor  Romans, 
did  furpafs  the  wifdom,  equity,  and  ftridnefs 
of  the  Druids  in  ihe  fandion  or  execution  of 
their  Laws  5  which  made  all  forts  of  men  leave 
their  controverfies  of  every  kind  to  their  de- 
termination, without  any  further  appeal.     Nor 
without  fome  regard  in  fad,  and  a  vaft  deal 
more  in  profeflion,  to  moral  virtue,  cou'd  any 
Set  of  Impoftors  in  any  country  pollibly  fup- 
port  their  falfc  dodrines  and  fuperftitious  ob- 
fervancesj  which  receive  credit  from  hence,  as 
the  teachers  of  'em  do  all  their  power  and  au- 
thority, in  proportion  to  the  aufterities  they 
pradife,  or  the  appearances  they  have  of  devo^ 
tion»     I  fay  appearances,  becaufe  this  in  moft^i 
join'd  to  real  felf-denial  in  a  few  (who  by  the 
reft  are  dceni  d  filly  tho  ufeful  creatures)  will 
long  uphold  an  inftitution  both  erroneous  an4 
tyrannical :  which  is  the  reafon  that,  to  this 
hour,  the  memory  of  the  Druids  is  highly  ve- 
nerable among  thofe  of  the  He  of  Man  5  and 
that  their  Laws  are  infinitely  preferred  to  all 
others  by  the  Mankfmen,  who  fay  the  family 
of  Derby  comes  neareft  their  excellence  o^ 
any  race  of  men  now  in  the  world.    Where- 
fore, as  well  in  thefe  regards,  as  in  many  others 
'^^tffential  to  my  defign,  I  fhall,  in  the  B^dy  of 
the  Hifiory^  give  a  tmc  idea  of  the  paft  and 
prefent  cuftoms  of  1^  antieut;  tho  mixt  peo- 
VoL.  I.  E  pic. 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


66  THE  HISTORY 

pic.    Their  numerous  Carns,  of  whofe  origui 
anon,  are  not  the  oncly  monuments  they  have 
of  the  Druids.    But  that  the  chief  Ccdiege  of 
thefe  Philofophers  was  ever  eflablifh'd  there, 
and  much  lefs  any  fuch  College  appointed  by 
the  Kings  of  Scotland  (as  Hector  Boethius 
feign'd)  I  fhall  demonftrate  to  be  pure  ro- 
mance :  and  at  the  fame  time  will  not  fail  do- 
ing juftice  to  the  memory  of  the  great  Hero 
andLegiflatorof  the  Hand,  Manannanj  re- 
ported, after  the  manner  of  thofe  ages,   to 
have  been  the  Son  of  (5)  Lear,  or  the  God 
of  the  Sea,  from  his  extraordinary  Skill  in  na- 
vigation and  commerce.    He  was  truely  the 
Son  of  (6)  Alladius,   who  was  of  royal 
blood,  and  his  own  name  Orbsen  5  but  caird 
Manannan  from  his  country,  and  kiU'd  by 
one  Ullin  near  Galway,  in  Ireland :  of  all 
which  the  particulars  will  be  given  in  their 
proper  Place,  efpecially /^^  Republic  ofMA" 
NANNAN  5  who,  from-  his  inftrudion  by  the 
Druids,  was  reputed  a  confummate  Magician, 
and  ^zs  iadeed  moft  happy  in  ftratagems  of 
war  both  by  land  and  fca.     Mr.  Sacheve^ 
RELL,  except  in  affirming  Manannan  (whom 
he  mifnames  Mannan)  to  have  been  (7)  the 
father,  founder y  and  legijlator  of  the  Iland^ 
is  out  in  every  thing  he  fays  concerning  him  : 
for,  inftcad  of  living  about  the  beginning  of 
the  fifth  century,'  he  liv'd  as  many  centuries 

•  (5)  Manannan  mhac  LsiRt 
^6)  Allaid. 
(7)  Pftgeao. 

be- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC  ."        \ 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  u/ 

before  Christ  i  and  fo  cou'd  not  be  con- 
tempora^  with  Patric,  the  Apbftle  of  Man 
as  well  as  Ireland.  Neither  was  Manan- 
NAN  the  fon  of  a  King  of  Ulfter,  nor  yet 
the  brother  of  Fergus  II.  (8)  King  of  Scot- 
land: and  as  for  his  not  being  able  to  get  any 
information  what  became  of  him,  I  have  al- 
ready told  that  he  Vas  kiird  in  Ireland,  and 
by  whom. 

III.  IN  procefsof  time  the  Cams,  to  which 
'We  now  return,  ferv'd  every  where  for  bea- 
cons, as  many  of  them  as  ftood  convenient- 
ly for  this  purpofc :  but  they  were  originally 
defign'd,  as  we  are  now  going  to  fee,  for  fires 
of  another  nature.  The  fad  ftood  thus.  On 
May-eve  the  Dtuids  made  prodigious  fires  on 
thofe  Carns,  which  being  every  one  (as  we  faid) 
in  light  of  fome  other,  cou'd  not  but  afford  a 
glorious  fhow  over  a  whole  nation.  Thefe 
fijres  were  in  honour  of  Beal  or  Bealan, 
latiniz'd  by  the  Roman  authors  into  (9)  Be- 
LENUS,  by  which  name  the  Gauk  and  their 
colonies  underftood  the  Sun :  and  therefore 
to  this  hour  the  firft  day  of  May  is  by  the  Ab- 
original Irifh  caird  La  Bealteine,  or  the 
day  of  Belen's  jirt  (10).  I  remember  one  of 
,  thofe  Carns  onFaWn-hill  within  fome  miles  of 
Londonderry,  known  by  no  other  name  tejs 

(8)  Ibid. 

(9)  HeTodUn.  Aufon.  Capitolm.  Tettul.  Arc.   Videntrtat 
etiam  Gruter.  et  Reinef.  in  (vfcriptumlhus.. 

{\o)  foiHOi  BmUta'me^  &  imtiquitus  B^lt'me. 

}  £      2  Digitized  by  GC     tha^f* 


0«  THE    HISTORY 

that  of  Bealteine,  facing  another  fuch  Carn 
on  th^  top  of  Inch-hill :   and  Gregory  of 
TourSy   in  his  book  de  Gloria  Confejforum^ 
mentions  a  (ii)  hill  of  the  fame  name  (12) 
between  Artbm  and  Riom  in  Auvergnc  in 
France,  from  which  Riom  might   be  fairly 
Vicw'd.     But  tho  later  writers  affirm  with  Va- 
i^ESius,  in  his  Galliatum  notitiay  this  hill  to 
be  now  unknown  j  yet  Belen's  heap  on  the 
top  of  it,  is  a  fure  mark  whereby  to  difcovcr 
it.     His  circular  Temple,  as  we  fhall  fee  here- 
after,  is   ftill  there  (if  not  the  Carn)  having 
certainly  exifted  in  Gregory^s  time.     Abun- 
dance of  fuch  heaps  remain  ftill  on  the  Moun- 
tains in  France,   and  on  the    Alps.      Thofc 
writers  however  are  not  to  be  blam'd,  as  be- 
ing ftrangers  to  the  origin  or  ufe  of  fuch  heaps  5 
and  not  able  to  diftinguifh  them  from  certain 
other  heaps,  under  which  robbers  and  traitors 
were  bury'd.     Thefc  laft  are  caird  in  general 
by  the  Wclfh  Carn-Vraduyr  zndCarn-Lha- 
dfon  (13)  i    or  particularly  after  the  proper 
names  of  the  underlying  criminals,  as  Carnedk-' 
Leuelyn,  Carnedh'X^KViDy  and  fuch  like.  A3 
far  from  Auvergne  as-the  Hand  of  Saint  Kir*- 
DA,  in  the  5  8th  degree  of  northern  latitude^ 
there  is  another  hill  denominated  from  Belk- 
Nus  (which  more  confonant  to  the   Celtic 

Til)  Cum  [ex  Arionenfl  vko}  veniffet  in  cacumen  montis 
Belenatenfisy  de  quo  vici  Ricomagenfis  pofitio  cpntempbitur^ 
vidit  hos  6cc.  De  GJcria  Cm^Jfor.  cap.  5. 

(I  a)  Mom  BeJemtenfa. 

(1 3)  Traitor  a»d  thief s  Corn  ,•  in  Irife  Caftt'lihr^Usif  8^  Carm^ 
4»  Ladroin* 

•-  -  Digitized  by  GoOgdiOm 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  69 

idiom  Herodian  (14)  writes  Belin)  corruptly 
call'd  Otter-YEAVh  (15),  or  Belen's  heigth-y 
on  which  is  a  vaft  heap,  whereof  Dodor  Mar- 
tin,  in   his  account  of  that  Hand,   did  not 
know  t\\c  ufe,  as  1  faid  before  (id) :    But  the 
Carn  being  on  the  hill  juft  above  the  landing 
place,  he  thinks  it  fo  ordered  by  providence  1 
that  by  rouling  down  thefe  ftones,  the  inha- 
bitants might  prevent  any  body's  coming  afliorc 
againft  their  will.     In  the  Church  of  Birfa  (near 
which  ftands  a  very  remarkable  Obelifc)  at  the 
weft  end  of  the  Hand  caird  Tomonay  or  the 
mainland,  in  Orkney,  there  is  an  ered  ftone, 
with  the  word  Belus   infcrib'd  on  it  in  an- 
ticnt  charaders.     Yet  whether  this  be  any  re- 
membrance of  Belenus  (better  according  to 
the  Irifli  idiom  Belus)  or  be  the  Monument 
of  a  native  Prince  fo  caird,  I  fliall  not  here 
decide.     TJie  fad  it   felf  is  told  us  by  Mr. 
Brand  (17)7   in  his  ^efcription  of  Orkney 
and  Zetland.    I  wife  he  had  alfo  told  us,  of 
what  kind  thofe  antient  charaders  are,  or  that 
he  had  exadly  copy'd  them :   and  if  there  be 
a  man's  portraiture  on  the  ftone,  as  Dr.  Mar- 
tin affirms  (18),  tliedrefs  andpofture  will  go 
a  great  way  towards  clearing  tlie  matter. 

IV*  BUT  to  make  no  longer  digreffion. 
May-day  is  likewife  call'd  L4  Bealteine  by 

(14)  Lib.  8.  Cap.  7. 

(15)  Uacbdar  Bh£1u 

(16)  Piige  (54. 

(17)  Page  14. 
(li)  Page  jsS. 

H  i  the 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


70  THE  HISTORY 

the  Highlanders  of  Scotland,  who  are  no  con-^ 
tcmtible  part  of  the  Celtic  ofF-fpring.  So  it 
is  m  the  He  of  Man :  and  in  Armoric  a  Prieft 
is  dill  caird  Belec^  ojcthcfervantof  Bel,  and 
Priefthood  Belegieth.  Two  fuch  fires,  as  wc 
have  mentioned,  were  kindl'd  by  one  another 
on  May-eve  in  every  village  of  the  nation  (as 
well  tliroout  all  Gaulc,  as  in  Britain,  Ireland, 
and  the  adjoining  Icflcr  Hands)  between  which 
fires  the  men  and  the  beafts  to  be  facrific'd 
were  to  pafs  5  from  whence  came  the  proverb, 
between  Bel's  (i  9)  two  fires y  njeaning  one  in  a 
great  ftrait,  not  knowing  how  to  extricate 
himfelf.  One  of  the  fires  was  on  th«  Carn, 
another  on  the  ground.  On  the  eve  of  thp 
firft  day  of  November  (20),  there  were  alfo 
fucth  fires  kindl'd,  accompany'd  (as  they  con- 
ftantly  were)  with  facrifices  and  feafting,  Thefc 
November  fires  were  in  Ireland  call'd  Tine 
tlach'd'ghay  from  tlach'd-gha  (21),  a  place 
hence  fo  call'd  in  Mcath,  where  the  Arch- 
DRUID  of  the  realm  had  his  fire  on  the  faid 
eve  5  and  for  which  piece  of  ground,  becaufe 
originally  belonging  to  Munftcr,  but  appoint- 
ed by  the  fuprenje  Monarch  for  this  ufe,  therq 
was  an  annual  acknowledgement  (call'd j^r^^- 
bol[)  paid  to  the  King  of  that  province.  But 
that  all  the  Druids  of  Ireland  affembrd  there  on 
the  firft  of  November,  as  fcveral  authors  injudir 
cioufly  writej  is  not  only  a  thing  improbable, 

(19)  hi  ft  dha  tl^eint  BHEit. 

(20)  Samhhbtiitj. 
(fil)  Fife-ground. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ  I' 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  71 

but  alfo  falfcinfad:   nor  were  theyothcrwifc 
there  at  that  time,  nor  all  at  any  time  toge- 
ther in  one  place,  but  as  now  all  the  Clergy 
of  England   are  faid   to  be  prefent  in  their 
Convocations  i  that  is,  by  their  reprefentatives 
and  delegates.     Thus  Cesar  is  likewife  to  he 
underftood,  when,  after  Ijpeaking  of  the  Arch- 
DRUID  of  Gaule,  he  fays  that  (22)  the  Druids 
fit  a  certain  time  of  the  Tear  ajfembld  in 
4  confecrated  grove  in  the  country  of  the 
Carnutes  (23),  which  is  reckoned  the  middle 
region  of  all  Gaule.    But  of  thefe  aflemblies 
in  their  place.     On  the  forcfaid  eve  all  the 
people  of  the  country,  out  of  a  religious  per- 
fuafion  inftiird  into  them  by  the  Druids,    ex- 
tinguilh'd  their  fires  as  intirely  5   as  the  Jews 
are  wont  to  fweep  thehr  houfes,  the  night  be- 
fore the  feajt  of  unleavened  bread.     Then 
every  matter  of  a  family  was  religioufly  obliged, 
to  take  a  portion  of  the  confecrated  fire  home, 
afid  to  kindle  the  fire  a- new  in  his  houfe, 
which  for  the  enfuing  year  was  to  be  lucky 
and  profperous.    He  was  to  pay  however  for 
his  future  Jiappinefs,  whether  the  event  prov'd 
anfwerable  or  not :  and  tho  his  houfe  fhou'd 
be  afterwards  burnt,  yet  he  muft  deem  it  the 
punifhment  of  fome  new  fin,  or  afcribe  it  to 
any  thing,  rather  than  to  want  of  virtue  in  the 
<x>nfecration  of  the  fire,  or  of  validity  in  the 

{y£)  li  [PruUesl  ccrto  anni  tempore  in  finibus  Carnutuhf, 
quae  regio  totius  Galliae  media  l^abetur,  confidunt  in  luco 
confccrato.     De  belb  GailicOf  lib.  6.cap.i 3. 

(aj)  Now  UinU  Cbflrtramp  the  place  Dreux. 

E  4  bene- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


72  THE    HISTORY 

bcncdidion  of  the  Druid  5  who,  from  officia- 
ting at  the  Carns,  was  likewife  call'd  (24)  Cair- 
neachy  a  name  that  continued  to  fignify  a  Pricft, 
even  in  the  Chriftian  times.  But  if  any  man 
had  not  clear'd  with  the  Druids  for  the  laft 
year's  dues,  he  was  neither  to  have  a  fpark  of 
this  holy  fire  from  the  Carns,  nor  durft  anjr 
of  his  Neighbors  let  him  take  the  benefit  of 
theirs,  under  pain  of  Excommunication  5  which, 
as  manag'd  by  the  Druids,  was  worfe  than 
death.  If  he  wou'd  brew  therefore  or  bake,  or 
roaft  or  boil,  or  warm  himfelf  and  family,  in 
a  word,  if  he  wou'd  live  the  winter  out,  the 
Draids  dues  mufl  be  paid  by  the  laft  of  Odo- 
ber :  fo  that  this  trick  alone  was  more  effec- 
tual, than  are  all  the  A6fs  of  Parliament  made 
for  recovering  our  prefent  Clergy's  dues ;  which 
A6is  are  fo  many  and  fo  frequent,  that  the 
bare  enumeration  of  them  wou'd  make  an  in- 
diflferent  volum.  Wherefore  I  cannot  but  ad- 
mire the  addrcfs  of  the  Druids,  in  fixing  this 
ceremony  of  rekindling  family-fires  to  the  be- 
ginning of  November,  rather  than  to  May  or 
Midfjiimmer,  when  there  was  an  equal  oppor- 
tunity for  it- 

V.  A  W  O  R  L  D  Of  places  {1 5)  are  denomi- 
nated fromthofe  Carns  of  all  fcwts,  as  in  Wales 
CarthLhecharty   Carn-Lhaid  ^   in  Scotland 

Cft4)  This  is  the  true  origin  of  the  word  Caimeathf  as  fi^- 
nifying  ft  Prieft  :  but  not  qeriv'd,  fts  men  ignorant  of  anti- 
quitj  fancy,  from  Coroineacb^  alluding  to  the  crown-form'd 
tonfure  of  the  Monks,  not  near  ib  old  as  this  word. 

C*j)  The  places  are  niunberlcfs  in  all  thcfe  countries. 

Cam- 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF   THE  DRUIDS.  73 

Carn-wath,  Carn-tullockyfDrum^arrn,  Glen^ 
cairn  5  in  Ireland  Carn-maily  Carn-arety  Car- 
fum-taghery  Carnan-tober  (26)5  and  in  Nor- 
thumberland, as  in  other  parp  of  the  North  of 
Engiand,  they  are  fometimes  call'd  Laws  or 
Lows  J  a  name  they  alfo  give  the  Gothic  Bar- 
rows. The  Lowland  Scots  call  'em  in  the  plu- 
ral number  CairnSy  whence  feveral  Lordfhips 
arc  nam'd,  as  one  in  Lennox,  another  in  Gal- 
loway (to  mention  no  more)  from  which  the 
fiirname  of  Cairns.  The  family  of  Carne, 
in  Wales,  is  from  the  like  original  :  but  not, 
as  fome  have  thought,  the  O  KearnyS  (27) 
of  Ireland  i  one  of  which,  Mr.  John  Kear- 
ny, Trcafurer  of  Saint  Patricks  in  Dublin, 
was  very  inftrumental  in  getting  the  New  Tef- 
tament  tranflated  into  Irifh,  about  the  end  of 
the  laft  century  but  one.  As  to  this  Fire- 
worfhip,  which  (by  the  way)  prevail'd  over  all 
the  world,  the  Celtic  ngdonskindrd  other  fi^^ 
on  midfummer  eve,  which  are  ftill  continu  d  by 
the  Roman  Catholics  of  Ireland  5  making  them 
in  all  their  grounds,  and  carrying  flaming  brands 
about  their  Corn-fields.  This  they  do  like  wife 
all  over  France,  and  in  fome  of  thcScottilh 
Ues.  Thefc  Midfummer  fires  and  facrifices, 
were  to  obtain  a  blcffing  on  the  fruits  of  the  . 
earth,  now  becoming  ready  for  gathering  5  as 
thofc  of  the  firft  of  May,  that  they  might  pro- 
fperoufly  grow  :  and  thofe  of  the  laft  of  Ofto- 

(2^)  Carnan  is  the  diminutive  of  Cam. 
(27)  0  Ctarmgh^  befidcs  0  Ceathamalgb^ 

ber. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


74  THE   HISTORY 

bcr,  were  a  thankigiving  for  finifhing  their  Har- 
veft.  But  in  all  of  'em  regard  was  alfo  had  to 
the  fevcral  degrees  of  increafc  and  decreafe 
in  the  heat  of  the  Sun  j  as  in  treating  of  their 
Aftronomy,  and  Manner  of  reckoning  time,  we 
fliall  clearly  (how.  Their  other  fcftivals,  with 
their  peculiar  obfervations,  (hall  be  likewife  ex- 
plain'd  each  in  their  proper  Sedions  5  efpecial- 
ly  that  of  New-year's  day,  or  the  tenth  of  March 
(their  fourth  grand  feftival)  which  was  none  of 
the  leaft  folemn  :  and  which  was  the  day  of  feekr 
ing,  cutting,  and  confecrating  their  wonder- 
working, AlUhealy  or  MilTelto  of  Oak.  This 
is  the  ceremony  to  which  Virgjl  alludes  by 
his  golden-branchy  in  the  fixth  book  of  the 
Aeneidy  for  which  there  is  inconteftable  prODf, 
which  we  (hall  give  in  a  fedion  on  this  fub- 
fed.  'Tis  Pliny  who  fays,  that  the  Druids 
caird  it,  in  their  language,  by  a  word  ligni£y:r 
ing  (28)  AlUheah  which  word  in  thcArmo- 
rican  dialeft  is  olUyachy  in  the  WeUh  oUhiachy^ 
and  in  the  Iri(h  UiJriceach.  Here  by  the  way, 
we  may  obferve,  that  as  the  Greecs  had  many 
words  from  the  Barbarians,  for  which  Plato 
in  his  (29)  CratyluSy  judges  it  would  be  loft 
labor  to  fcek  etymologies  in  their  own  lan- 
guage: fo  it  is  remarkable,  that  certain  feafts  of 
Apollo  were  call'd  (30)  CarneUy  from  the 

(28)  Oinnia*ranantem  appellantes  fuo  vocabulo>  &c  Ul^ 
J  6.  cap.  ^^, 

(29)  E<  Ti^  K*irot  ravTCt,  %(£\a  tijv  EAA*fv*KHv  ^«v>iv,  ^  ioiMorm^ 
MiTOi  $  oAAa  ftif  tear'  muvyiv^  tl  »i«  ro  ovofta  rvyxccvti  ov,  c<rfia  iri 
^vopoi  av.  J„fg^  p^,^^  ^^i^^  PatU^  wU  I.  fag,  40 J. 

killing 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  75 

killing  of  no  body  knows  what  Prophet  Car^ 
Nus.  Some  faid  that  he  was  the  fon  of  Ju^ 
PITER  and  EuROPA,  killed  for  a  Magician  by- 
one  Ales  ;  and  others  yet^  that  Carni  was 
a  common  name  for  an  order  of  Prophets 
in  Acarnania.  Apollo  himfelf  was  furnamed 
Carnus^3i)5  and,  from  him.  May  was  caird 
the  Carnean  Month.  Nay  there  were  Car- 
nean  Trieftsy  and  a  particular  kind  of  Mulic, 
which  we  may  interpret  the  Cairn-tyneSy  was 
appropriated  to  thofe  feftivals  in  May,  perfed- 
ly  anfwering  thofe  of  .^the  Celtic  tribes.  It  is 
therefore  highly^probable,  that  the  Greecs  did 
learn  thefe  things  from  the  Gauls  their  conque- 
rors, and  in  many  places  featcd  among  them  5 
or  from  fome  of  their  travellors  in  Gaulc  it 
felf ,  if  not  from  the  Phocean  colony  at 
Marfeilles.  We  know  further ,  that  the 
making  of  hymns  was  a  fpecial  part  of  the 
Bards  office;  who  by  Strabo,  are  exprefly 
term'd  Hymn-makers  (3  2) :  and  I  fhow'd  be- 
fore, that  the  antient  Greecs  (by  their  own 
conffeflion)  learnt  part  of  their  Philofophy,  and 
many  bf  their  facred  fables,  from  the  Gauls. 
So  that  this  critlcifm  is  not  fo  void  of  pro- 
bability, as  many  which  paft  current  enough 
in  the  world.  However,  I  fairly  profefs  to 
give  it  onely  for  a  conjedurci  which  I  think 
preferable  to  the  farr-fctcht  atid  difcordant  ac- 
counts of  the  Greecs:  who,  infpightofPLATO 
^vA  good  fenfe,  wpu'4  needs  be  fiil^ing  for  the 


(^2)  'TftWJTtfl. 


byt^OQle 


Digitized  by  VjDOQ 


76  THE    HISTORY,  &c. 

origin  of  every  thing  in  their  own  language, 
In  the  mean  time  it  i$  npt  unworthy  our  re- 
mark, that  as  (3  3)  Prizes  were  adjudged  to  the 
Vidors  in  this  Carnean  Mufic  among  the 
Greecs :  fo  the  diftributing  of  Prizes  to  the 
moft  fuccefsful  Poets,  was  no  lefs  ufual  among 
the  Gauls  and  their  colonies  5  whereof  there  is 
undeniable  proof  in  the  Brittifh  apd  Irifti  Hiftp- 
ries,  as  will  be  feen  in  our  Sedion  concerning 
the  Bards. 

VI.  ANOTHER  Criticifm  relating  im- 
mediately  to  Apollo  (for  which  I  think  this 
a  proper  place)  I  give  -as  fomcthing  more  than 
a  conjedure.  In  the  Lordftiip  of  Merchifton, 
near  Edinburgh,  was  formerly  dug  up  a  ftonc 
with  an  Infcription  to  Apollo  Gr annus  5 
concerning  which  Sir  James  Dalrymple  Ba- 
ronet, in  his  fecond  edition  of  C ambden*s  2)^- 
fcription  of  Scotland^  thus  exprefles  himfcif 
after  his  (34)  author.  Who  this  Apollo 
Grannus  might  be^  and  whence  he  fbould 
have  his  name^  not  one  [to  my  knowledge)  of 
OUT  grave  Senate  of  Antiquaries  hitherto  cou'd 
ever.  tell.  But  if  I  might  be  allow' d^  from  out 
of  the  loweft  bench^  tofpeak  what  I  think  5  I 
woud  fay  that  Avollo  Grannus^  among  the 
Romans y  was  the  fame  that  C35)  Apollqn 
Akersekomes,  that  is,  Apollo  with  long 

(33)  Ti/xoOco? ra  Kapvtict  aymtKoi/>im*    tkitarch  in  J^ph* 

thegnu 

(54)  This  paffage  in  Cambd£n  is  in  the  897th  page  o£ 
Churchill's  edition,  anno  1695, 

(3  j)    AtOAAWV  aKgpCtHOfJLl>J^  :    item   AKC/pfHO/XJ^^,  [ 

hair> 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  77     / 

hair,  among  the  Greecs :  for  Isidore  calls 
the  tong  hair  of  the  Goths  GRANNOS. 
This  confequencc  will  by  no  means  hold :  for 
what  arc  the  Goths  to  the  Romans,  who  ex- 
preft  this  Greec  by  intonjus  Apollo  ?  And 
fince  Goths  fpeaking  Latin  had  as  little  to  do 
in  the  (hire  of  Lothian,  it  will  not  be  doubted, 
but  that  it  was  fome  Roman  who  paid  this 
vow  5  as  foon  as  'tis  known,  that,  bcfides  the 
mans  name  Quintus  Lusius  Sabinianus, 
GriaUy  among  the  many  (3  6)  Celtic  names  of 
the  SuTiy  was  one,  being  the  common  name 
of  it  ftill  in  Irifh :  and  that,  from  his  beams, 
Greannach  in  the  fame  language  fignifies  long- 
haifdy  which  is  a  natural  epithet  of  the  Sun 
in  all  nations.  There  is  no  need  therefore  of 
going  for  a  Gothic  derivation  to  Isidore,  in 
whom  now  I  read  Scots  inftead  of  Goths  5  and 
not,  as  I  fancy,  without  very  good  reafon.  It 
wou'd  be  fuperfluous  to  produce  inftances  (the 
thing  is  fo  common)  to  fhow  that  the  Ro- 
mans, to  their  own  names  of  the  Gods,  added 
the  names  or  attributes  under  which  they  were 

(jO  Bcfides  the  Sun's  religious  attribute  of  Bel,  Beal, 
Belin,  or  Belbnus,  it  is  call'd  B^ayl  in  Welfli,  Houl  in 
£omi{h,  Beol  in  Armoric ;  in  all  which  the  afpirate  h  it 
put  for  i,  as  in  a  world  of  fuch  other  words :  for  any  word 
be^nning  with  s  in  the  antient  Celtic,  does  in  the  oblique 
cafes  begin  with  h.  Yet  s  is  ftill  retain'd  in  the  Armoric 
D(/ji/,  in  the  Cambrian  Dydhfye^  and  the  Comubian  DeziJ', 
that  is  to  faj,  SmAay*  it  was  formerly  T>h^oil  in  Irifh, 
whence  flill  remain  Solus  li^ht,  Soilllt  cleamefs,  Soillfeacb 
bright  or  funny,  Solleir  manifeft,  and  fevcral  more  fuch. 
'Tis  now  caird  via  Dcmhfjar/^h^  or  Viif  Vfiminkut, .  tj^oording 
to  the  gencxai  ufe  of  all  Cbriftian^* 

Digitized  by  CjC/OQIC 


78  "THE  HISTORV 

invok'd  in  the  country,  where  they  happcn<l 
on  any  occaiion  to  fojourn.  Nor  was  this 
manner  of  topical  worihip  unknown  to  the 
anticnt  Hebrews,  who  are  forbid  to  follow  it 
by  Moses  in  thefe  words :  (37)  Enquire  not 
after  their  Gods^  fiyi^gj  ^^^  did  thefe  na- 
tions ferve  their  Gods  f  en) en  fo  will  I  do 
likewtfe.  Grian  therefore  and  Greannach  ex- 
plain the  (3  8)  Lothian  Infcription  very  natu- 
rally, in  the  antient  language  of  the  Scots 
themfelves  (fpoken  ftill  in  the  Highlands  and 
Weftcrn  lies,  as  well  as  in  keland)  without 
any  need  of  having  recourfe  to  Gothland,  or 
other  forcn  countries. 

Vn.  TO  return  to  our  Carn-fircs,  it  waft 
cuftomary  for  the  Lord  of  the  place,  or  his 
fon,  or  fome  other  perfon  of  diftindion,  to 
take  the  entrals  of  the  facrific'd  animal  in  his 
hands,  and  walking  barefoot  over  the  coab 
thrice,  after  the  flames  had  ceas'd,  to  carry 
them  ftrait  to  the  Druid,  who  waited  in  a  whole 

(37)  Deut.  12.  80. 

(38)  This  InfcripcioQ,  as  given  us  by  Cambden  from  Sit 
pBTER  Young,  preceptor  to  King  James  VI.  (for  the 
Laird  of  Merchifton's  Expofitmrfikt  Afocalyfi  I  never  few) 
runs  thus : 

ArOLLlNt 

Gkanno 
Q^Lirsius 

Sabinia 

NVS 

Proc  *  •  Procnratorc 

Ave  *  *  Aognfti. 

V,,S,  5.  L.  V,  M  ♦  •  Votmii  fiiTceptom  (blvit 

kbcni  merits 

skxM 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF    THE    DRUIDS.  70 

skin  at  the  Altar.  If  the  Nobleman  efcap'd 
harmlefs,  it  was  reckoned  a  good  omen,  wel- 
comed with  loud  acclamations  :  but  if  he  re- 
ceived any  hurt,  it  was  deem'd  unlucky  both  to 
the  community  and  to  himfelf.  Thus  1  have 
feen  the  people  running  and  leaping  thro  the 
St.  John's  fires  in  Ireland,  and  not  onely 
proud  of  paffing  unfing'd :  but,  as  if  it  were 
fome  kind  of  Luftration,  thinking  themfelves 
in  a  fpecial  manner  bleft  by  this  ceremony,  of 
whofe  original  neverthelefs  they  were  wholly 
ignorant  in  their  imperfeft  imitation  of  it.  Yet 
without  being  apprized  of  all  this,  no  reader, 
however  otherwifc  learned,  can  truely  appre- 
hend the  beginning  of  the  Conful  Flami- 
Nius's  fpeech  to  Equanus  the  Sabin,  at  the 
battle  of  Thrafimenus,  thus  intelligently  re- 
lated by  (39)  SiLius  Italicus. 

Then  feeing  Equanus,  near  SoraSte^barn^ 
In  per  fan  y  as  in  arms^  the  comely  efi  youth  i 
Whofe  country  inanner  'tis,  when  th"  archer 

keen 
divine  Apollo  joys  in  hurning  HEATS, 
The  facred  Entrals  thro  the  fire  unhurt 
To  carry  thrice :  fo  may  you  always  tread, 

(39)  Tom  SwaB$  iktum,  prueftantem  cofpore  et  Armis, 
'AKQ.VANUM  nofcens;  patrio  cai  rittis  in  arvo, 
Dum  pius  Arcitenens  incenfis  gaudec  ACERVIS, 
Exca  Cer  innocuos  late  porcare  per  ignes  : 
Sic  in  Apoilin£a  femper  veftigia  pruna 
Inviolata  teras ;  vidorque  vaporis,  ad  arat 
i>cma  ferenaco  referas  Sdennia  PHoxBa 

L/ik5«  «fr.i75« 


Digitized 


M^g\^ 


80  THE    HISTORY 

With  unfcorch'dfeetj  the  cmfecrated  coals  \ 
And  OCT  the  heat  viBorious^  f^ifify bear 
Thefolemn  gifts  to  pleased  Apollo's  Altar. 

Now  let  all  the  Commentators  on  this  writer 
be  confulted,  and  then  it  will  appear  what  fad 
guefs-work  they  have  made  about  this  paffage  5 
which  is  no  lefs  true  of  an  infinite  number  of 
paflages  in  other  authors  relating  to  fuch  cu- 
fioms :  for  a  very  confiderable  part  of  Italy  fol- 
lowed moft  of  the  Druidical  rites,  as  the  inha- 
bitants of  fuch  places  happened  to  be  of  Gallic 
cxtraftion,  which  was  the  cafe  of  many  Can- 
tons in  that  delicious  country.  But  this  is 
particularly  true  of  the  Umbrians  and  Sabins, 
who  are  by  all  authors  made  the  C40)  anticntcft 
people  of  Italy,  before  the  coming  thither  of 
any  Greec  Colonies.  But  they  are  by  (41)  So- 
LiNUS  from  the  hiftorian  Bocchus,  by  (42) 
Servius  from  the  elder  Marc  Antony,  by 
(43)  Isidore  alfo  and  (44)  Tzetzes,  in  direft 
terms  ftil'd  the  ijfue  of  the  antient  Gauls y  or 
a  branch  of  them:  andDioNYsius  Halicar- 
nasseus,  the  moft  judicious  of  Antiquaries, 
proves  out  of  Zenodotus,  that  the  Sabins 

(40)  Konyf.  Halicarnaff.  Antiq,  Rom.  lib.  i.     Plin.  Hift. 
Kac.  lib.;,  cap.  14.     Flor.  lib.i.  cap.  i7,&c« 

(41)  Bocchus  abfblvit  Gallorum .  v^temm  propaginem 
Umbros  cffe.    Fplyh'^.  cap,  8. 

(42)  Sane  Umbros  Gallorum  veterum  propaginem  ctk^ 
Marcus  Antonius  refert.    Initb.iik  Jgnetd. ante  frt. 

(43)  Umbri  Iraliae  gens  eft,  fed  Gallorum  veterum  pro- 
pago.    Origlm  lib,  ^  cap.  i. 

(44)  "om-Qa*'  yiwc  TahsLTiMM  1)  faAarwv,  Schpl  inLycophron* 
Aiejs.  4(1  ver^  1360. 

were 

d  by  Google' 


Digitized  b 


OF   THE  DRUIDS.  U 

were  defcendants  of  the  Umbrians  5  or,  (45) 
as  he  cxprcffcs  it,  Umbrians  under  the  name 
of  Sabins.  The  rcafon  I  am  fo  particular  on 
this  head,  is,  that  the  mountain  (46)  Sora£te  is 
in  the  Sabin  country,  in  the  diftrift  of  the 
Falifcans  about  20  niiks  to  the  north  of 
Rome,  and  on  the  weft  iide  of  the  Tyber. 
On  the  top  of  it  were  the  Grove  and  Temple 
of  Apollo,  and  alfo  his  C/^r»  (47),  to  which 
Sinus,  in  the  verfes  juft  quoted  out  of  him, 
alludes.  Pliny  hasprefcrv'd  to  us  the  very  (48X 
name  of  the  particular  race  of  people,  to  which 
the  performing  of  the  above  defcrib'd  annual 
.  ceremony  belonged :  nor  was  it  for  Nothing 
that  they  ran  the  risk  of  bliftering  their  foles, 
£mcc  for  this  they  were  exemtedfrom  ferving 
in  the  wa^rSy  as  well  as  from  the  expenfe 
and  troble  of  fever  al  offices.  They  were  caird 
HiRPiNS,  Virgil,  much  elder  than  Silius 
or  Pliny,  introduces  Aruns,  one  of  that  fa- 
mily, forming  a  defign  to  kill  Camii»la^  arid 
thus  praying  for  fuccefs  to  Apollo. 

O  patron  of  Soracte's  high  abodes] ' 
Phebus,  ttfe  ruling  pow'r  among  the  Gods! 

(45)  Ea/3ivow«  %l  OiifiptHw.    Antiq.RmU  Kb.  U 
(45)  JfJow  Mcnte  di  San  fiflvefirp. 

(47)  Acervus.  . 

(48)  Hand  procul  urbe  Romi,  in  Falilcoram  agro  hmy 
liae  funt  paucae,  quae  vocaiitur  Hirpiae;  quaeque  facrificio 
unnuo,  qood  fit  ad  montem  Sora&e  APotLiNiyfuperambuf- 
tarn  ligni  ftruem  ambulantes,  noa  aduninmr  :  ec  obid  per- 
petuo  lenatut  confulto  miliciae,  aliorumque  mnnerum,  va- 
cationem  habent.  Uift,  Nat.  lib.  2.  cap,  z.  Idem  ex  eodein 
&//>.  P0fybsfi.  caf.  8. 

Vol.  I.  E  Whom 

■    •  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


'$£  THE   HISTORY 

Whomfirft  we  fervty  whole  woods  of  unc- 
tuous tine 
Burn  on  thy  HEATy  and  to  thy  glory 

fbine: 
By  thee proteSledy  with  our  naked  files 
Thro  flames  unjing'd  we  pafSy  and  tread  the 

kindfd  coals, 
trive  me  J  propitious  pow*r,  towajb  awaf 
The  ftains  of  this  dijhonorable  day  (49). 

Dryden's  vcriTioft. 

A  Celtic  Antiquary,  ignorant  of  the  origin 
of  the  Umbrians  and  Sabins,  wou'd  imagine, 
when  reading  what  paft  on  SoraBe^  that  it 
Was  fome  Gallic,  Brittifh,  or  Irifh  mountain, 
the  rites  being  abfolutely  the  fame.  We  do 
not  read  indeed  in  our  Irifh  Books,  whatprc- 
fervative  againft  fire  was  us'd  by  thofe,  who 
ran  barefoot  over  the  burning  coals  of  the 
Carns  r  and,  to  be  fure,  they  wou'd  have  the 
ccwEunon  people  pioufly  believe  they  us'd  none. 
ITct  that  they  really  did,  no  le£s  than  the  fa- 
mous fire-eater,  whom  I  lately  faw  making  fa 
great  a  figure  at  London,  men  of  penetration 
and  uncorruptcd  judgements  will  never  que- 
ftion.  But  we  are  not  merely  left  to  our  judge- 
ments, Ibr  the  Taia  is  fufiiciently  attcfted  by 

*    (^49)  Somme  Deftn,  fonai  caflos  Sonfiist  A»otLo, 

Qjicni  primi  colimus,  cui  pineus  ardor  ACERVO 
Patbitur;  ct  medium,  freti  pietate,  per  ignem 
Cuicore$  multa  premimus  veftigia  pruna : 
|>a,  pacer^  hoc  wAm  aMeri  dedecus  grmu. 

that 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUIDS:  U 

tiatprodigyofkno^lcdgCyZadperpetualoppo^ 
$f  fuperfiitiony  Marcus  Varro  5  whoy  as 
Servius  on  the  above-dted  Paffagc  of  Virgid 
affirms  (50),  defcrWd  the  very  ointment  of 
v^hich  the  Hirpins  made  ufsy  befmearing  their ^ 
feet  with  ity  when  they  walkd  thro  the  fir  el 
Thus  at  all  times  have  the  multitude  (that  com-^^ 
men  Prey  of  Priefts  and  Princes)  been  eaftlyj 
guU'd  J  fwallowing  fecrets  of  natural  Philofo- 
phy  for  divine  Miracles^  and  ready  to  do  the 
greateft  good  or  hurt,  not  under  the  notions 
dF  vice  or  virtue :  but  barely  as  direded  by 
men,  who  find  it  their  Intereft  to  deceive 
them. 

Vin.  BUT  leaving  the  Druids  for  a  whilc^ 
there  arc  over  and  above  the  Cams,  in  the 
Highlands  of  Scotland  and  in  the  adjacent 
Dcs  numberlefs  OBELISCS,  or  ftones  fct  up 
an  end  5  fome  30,  fomc  24  foot  high,  others 
higher  or  lower :  and  this  fomctimcs  where 
no  fuch  ftones  arc  to  be  dug,  Wales  being  like* 
wife  full  of  them  $  and  fome  there  are  in  the 
Jeaft  cultivated  parts  of  England,  with  very 
many  in  Ireland.  In  moft  places  of  this  laft 
kingdom,  the  conmion  people  believe  thefe 
Obelifcs  to  be  men,  transformed  into  ftones 
by  the  Magic  of  the  Druids.  This  is  alfothc 
xxotion  the  vulgar  have  in  Oxfordftikcof  Roll- 

(50)  Sed  Va&ro,  ubiqueReligioniseitpugnator,  ait,  c&m 
quoddam  medicamentum  defcriberet,  to  mifiUnt  HIRFINI9 
qm  andmUtmri  fer  Ignm^  midicametttQ  Flmtai  iw^unf.   Ad  wr* 

P  z  wrighl^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


S4  THE    HISTORY 

Wright  fimesy  and  in  Cornwall  of  the  Hur- 
lets  5  crcd  ftones  fo  call'd,   but  belonging  to 
a  different  clafs  from  the  Obclifcs,   whereof 
I  now  difcourfe*     And  indeed  in  every  coun- 
try the  ignorant  people  afcribe  to  the  Devil 
or  fomc  fupernatural  power,  at  leaft  to  Giants, 
all  works  which  fcem  to  them  to  cxcedc  hu- 
man art  or  ability.    Thus  among  other  things 
(f«  recording  their  Traditions  will  have  its 
pleafure  as  well  as  ufefulnefs)  they  account  for 
the  Roman  Camps  and  Military  Ways,  calling 
fuch  the  ^iveVs  T>ykeSy  or  the  like :  while  the 
more  reafonable  part  are  perfuaded,  that  the 
crcd  ftones  of  which  we  fpcak,  are  the  Monu- 
ments of  dead  perfons,   whofe  afhes  or  bones 
are  often  found  near  them  5  fomtimes  in  Urns, 
and  fomtimes  in  ftone-coffins,  whcrin  fcales, 
hammers,  pieces  of  weapons,  and  other  things 
have  been  often  found,   fome  of  them  very 
finely  gilt  or  polifli'd.     Dogs  alfo  have  been 
found  bury'd  with  their  matters.      The  ercd 
ftones  in  the  midft  of  ftane'Circles  (wherof 
before  I  have  done)  are  not  of  this  ftmeral 
forts  nor  does  it  follow,  that  all  thofe  have 
been  ereded   in  Chriftian  times,  which  have 
Chriftian  Infcriptions  or  Croffes  on  them :  for 
we  read  of  many  fuch  Obelifcs  thus  fandify'd, 
as  they  fpeak,  in  Wales  and  Scotland.    And, 
in  our  Irifti  Hiftories,  we  find  the  praftice  as 
early  as  Patric  himfelf  5   who,  having  built 
the  Church  of  ^onach-VKrKic  on  the  brink 
of  Z^^f^-HACKET  (51)  in  the  county  of  Clare, 
(5 1) Formerly  Dpmfo;^flh«wr  and  Loch-fiaha. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF   THE  DRUIDS.  85 

did  there  on  three  Coloflcs,  erefted  in  the 
times  of  Paganifm,  infcribe  the  proper  name 
of  Christ  in  three  languages :  namely,  Je- 
sus in  Hebrew  on  the  firft,  Soter  in  Greec 
on  the  fecond,  and  Salvator  in  Latin  on 
the  third.  That  Obelifc  (if  I  may  call  it  fo) 
in  the  Parifti  of  Barvas  in  the  Hand  of  Lewis 
in  Scotland,  caU'd  the  Thrujheljionej  is  very 
remarkable;  being  not  onely  above  io  foot 
high,  which  is  yet  furpafs'd  by  many  others : 
but  likewife  almoft  as  much  in  breadth,  which 
rio  other  comes  near. 

DC.  BESIDES  thefe  Obelifcs,  there  is  a 
great  number  of  FORTS  in  all  the  lies  of 
Scotland,  very  different  from  the  Danifii  and 
Norwegian  Raths  in  Ireland,  or  the  Saxon 
and  Danifh  Burghs  in  England :  nor  are  they 
the  fame  with  the  Gallic,  Brittilh,  and  Irifh 
Lios,  pronounced  Lis  {$2)$  which  are  fortifi- 
cations made  of  unwrought  ftones  and  uncc- 
mented,  whereof  there  arc  two  very  extraor- 
dinary in  the  lies  of  Aran,  in  the  bay  of  Gal- 
way  in  Ireland.  "T^un  is  a  general  Celtic  word 
for  all  fortifications  made  on  an  eminence,  and  ' 
the  eminences  themfelvcs  are  fo  call'd  5  as  we 
fee  in  many  parts  of  England,  and  the  fand- 
hills  on  the  Belgic  coaft.  Yet  Rath  and  Lis 
arc  often  confounded  together,  \  both  in  the 
fpcech  and  writing  of  the  Irifh.  But  the  Forts 
in  queftion  are  all  of  wrought  ftone,    and 

(5i>  Uoi  in  Irifli,  Les  in  Armoric,  and  Lhys  in  Welfli, 
Signifies  in  EnglUh  a  Ccttrt ;  m  Lh-Lmttp  LynfcoutU 

F  3  oftea 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


U  THE  HISTORY 

often  of  fuch  large  ftones,  as  no  number  of 
men  cou'd  ever  raife  to  the  places  they  occupy, 
.without  the  ufc  of  Engines  5  which  Engines 
are  quite  unknown  to  the  prefent  inhabitants, 
land  to  their  anceftors  for  many  ages  paft. 
There's  none  of  the  lefler  lies,  but  has  one 
Fort  at  leaft,  and  they  are  commonly  in  fight 
of  each  other:   but  the  ^iin  in  St.  KiI/»a 
(for  fo  they  call  the  old  fort  there)  is  about 
1 8  leagues  diftant  from  North  Uift,  and  20  from 
the  middle  of  Lewis  or  Harries,  to  befcenon^ 
!y  in  a  very  fair  day  like  a  blewifh  mift :  but 
a  large  fire  there  wou'd  be  Vifible  at  night,  as 
the  afcending  fmoak  by  day.    In  this  fame'  lie 
of  Lewis  (where  are  many  fuch  Duns)  there's 
north  of  the  village  of  Brago,   a  round  fort 
composed  of  huge  ftones,  and  three  ftories  high: 
that  is,  it  has  three  hollow  paflages  one  over 
another,  within  a  prodigious  thick  wall  quite 
round  the  fort,  with  many  windows  and  ftairs. 
I  give  this  onely  as  an  example  from  Dr.  Mar- 
tin an  cyc-witoefs,  who,  with  fcveral  others, 
mention  many  more  fuch  elfwhere :  yet  CwhicH 
is  a  great  negleft)  without  acquainting^  us  with 
their  dimenfions,  whether  thofe  paflages  in  the 
wall  be  arch'd,  or  with  many  fuch  rfiings  re- 
lating to  the  nature  of  the  work  5  and  omit- 
ting certain  other  circumftances,  nolefsnecef- 
fary  to  be  known.    I  mention  thefe  Fort^, 
My  Lord,  not  as  any  way,  that  I  yet  know, 
appertai|iing  to  the  Diuids :  but,   in  treating 
of  the  Monuments  truely  theirs,   I  take  this 
natural  occafion  of  communicating,  what  may 

be 
J  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  Hy 

be  worthy  of  your  Lordfhip's  curiolity  and 
confldcration  s  efpecially  whcn^  like  Epifbdes 
in  a  Poem,  they  fcrve  to  relieve  the  attention, 
and  are  not  very  foren  to  the  fubjed.  Con- 
fidering  all  things,  }  judge  no  monumei^ts 
more  defcrving  our  refear^hes  5  efpecially,  if 
any  (hou'd  prove  them  to  be  Phenician  or 
MaffiUan  Places  of  fecurity  for  their  com-p' 
merce :  iincc  'tis  certain  that  both  People  have 
traded  there,  and  that  Pytheas  of  Marfeillcs 
(as  we  are  informed  by  Strabo)  made  a  par- 
ticular defcription  of  thofe  Hands }  to  which 
Cesar,  among  other  Defcriptions,  without 
naiplng  the  authors,  does  doubtlefs  (62)  refer. 
But  my  own  opinion  I  think  fit  at  prcfent  tq 
ircferve. 

X.  FROM  the  conjeftures  I  have  about 
thefc  numerous  andcoftly  Forts,  in  Ilands  fo 
remote  and  barren,  I  pafs  to  the  certainty  I 
have  concerning  THE  TEMPLES  OF 
THE  DRUIDS,  whereof  fo  many  arc  yet 
intire  in  thofe  Iflands,  as  well  as  in  Wales  and 
Ireland  ^  \^ith  fome  left  in  Englaiid,  where  cul^ 
ture  has  mo^y  deftroy'd  or  impair-d  fuch  mor 
numeiits.  Thefe  Temples  arc  Circfes  of  Obe- 
lifcs  pr  cred  ftoncs,  fome  larger,  fome  nar- 
I'owcr  (as  in  all  other  Edifices)  fome  more  and 
iomc  Iclsmiagoificent*  T^^y  are  foi;  thcg;rcat- 

(di)  In  boe  medio  curfti  linfttBAcrmat^/cillcitS^BfiiaM^ 
0$am}  eft  infulo,  qiuie  appeliUcur  iUimj*  Cpmplurei  pme- 
tma  minorei  objeSae  infulae  eziftim«nmr,  de  quibuf  in* 
fiiiit  nonnuUi  fcnpferunry  dies  cootinuoi  30  fub  brumA  efle 

*  ^4  eft 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


U  THE    HISTORY 

eft  part  pcrfedly  circular,  but  fomc  of  them 
fcmicircular :  in  others  the  Obclifcs  ftand  clofe 
together,  but  in  moft  feparate  and  equidiftant. 
I  am  n6t  ignorant  that  feveral,  with  Dr.  Charl- 
ton in  his  Stme-her^e  rejior'd  to  the  Partes y 
believe  thofe  Circles  to  beDanifh  works  5  a  no- 
tion I  Ihall  eafily  confute  in  due  time,  and 
cvtn  now  as  I  g6  along.    But  few  have  ima- 
gined *em  to  be  Roman,  as  the  famous  Archi- 
te£t  Inigo  Jones  wou'd  needs  have  this  fame 
Stone-henge  (according  to  me  one  of  the  Dru- 
id Cathedrals)  to  be  the  Temple  of  Celum 
or  Terminus,  in  his  Stone-henge  reftofd  to 
the  Romans.  Neverthelefs,  My  Lord,  I  pro- 
mife  you  no  lefs  than  demonftration,  that  thofe 
Circles  were  Druids  Temples  :   againft  which 
aflertien  their  frequenting  of  Oaks,  and  per- 
forming no  religious  rites  without  Oak-branches 
or  Leaves,  will  prove  no  valid  exception  5  no 
more  than  fuch  Circles  being  found  in  the 
Gothic  countries^  tho  without  Altars^  where- 
of we  fhall  fpeak  after  the  Temples.     The 
outfide  of  the  Churches  in  Spain  and  Holland 
is  much  the  fame,  but  their  infide  differs  ex- 
tremely.    As  for  Inigo  Jones,  he  cannot  be 
too  much  commended  for  his  generous  efforts 
(which  fhows  an  uncommon  genius)   to  in- 
troduce  a  better  tafte  of  Architedure  into. 
England,  where  'tis  flill  fo  difficult  a  thing  to 
get  rid  of  Gothic  Oddneffesj   and  therefore 
'tis  no  wonder  he  fhoud  continue  famous^ 
when  fo  few  endeavour  to  excedc  him  :   but 
wc  mufl  beg  his  pardon,  if,  as  he  was  uhac- 

quainted 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Of   THE  DRUIDS.  S9 

quainted  with  Hiftory,  and  wanted  certain 
other  qualifications,  we  take  the  freedom  in 
our  Book  tocorred  his  miftakes. 

XI.  IN  the  Hand  of  Lewis  beforcmcn- 
tion'd,  at  the  village  of  Claflcrnifs,  there  is 
one  of  thofe  Temples  extremely  remarkable. 
The  Circle  confifts  of  12  Obelifcs,  about  7 
foot  high  each,  and  diftant  from  each  other 
fix  foot.  In  the  center  ftands  a  ftone  1 3  foot 
high,  ill  the  perfed  Ihape  of  the  rudder  of  a 
Ship.  Diredly  fouth  from  the  Circle,  there 
ftand  four  Obelifcs  running  out  in  a  line  5  as 
anothet  fuch  line  Iduc  eaft,  and  a  third  to  the 
weft,  the  number'  and  diftances  of  the  ftoncs 
being  in  thefe  wings  the  fame:  fo  that  this 
Temple,  the  moft  intire  that  can  be,  is  at  the 
fame  time  both  round  and  wing'd.  But  to 
the  north  there  reach  (by  way  of  avenue)  two 
ftraight  ranges  of  Obelifcs,  of  the  fame  big- 
nefs  and  diftances  with  thofe  of  the  Circle  5 
yet  the  rahges  themfelves  are  8  foot  diftant, 
and  each  confifting  of  ipftones,  the  3  9th  be- 
ing .  in  the  entrance  of  the  avenue.  This 
Temple  ftands  aftronomically,  deneting  the 
1 2  figns  of  the  Zodiac  and  the  four  principal 
winds,  fubdivided  each  into  four  others  5  by 
which,  and  the  19  ftones  on  each  iide  the 
avenue  betokening  the  cycle  of  1 9  years,  I  can 
prove  it  to  have  been  dedicated  principally  to  the 
Sun  5  but  fubordinately  to  the  Seafons  and  the 
Elements,  particularly   to  the   S?a  and  the 

Winds^ 


Digitized 


by  Google 


90  THE  HISTORY 

Winds>  as  appears  by  the  ntddcr  in  the  mid« 
die.  The  Sea,  coniider'd  as  a  Divinity,  was 
by  the  ancient  Gauls  call'd  Any  ana  or 
O  N  V  A  N  A,  as  the  raging  Sea  is  ftill  call'd 
Anafa  in  fo  many  Letters  by  the  Irifh  (65)  5 
and  both  of  'em,  befides  that  they  were  very 
pood  Aftronomers,  are  known  to  have  paid 
honor  not  only  to  the  Sea,  but  alfo  to  the 
Winds  and  the  Tempefts,  as  the  (64)  Rpman^ 
were  wont  to  do.  But  of  this  in  the  account 
of  their  worfhip.  I  forgot  to  tell  you,  that 
there  is  another  Temple  about  a  quarter  di 
a  mile  from  the  former  5  and  that  commonly 
two  Temples  iland  near  each  other,  for  rea- 
sons you  will  fee  in  our  Hiftary.  Eaft  of 
Drumcruy  in  the  Scottifh  lie  of  A^pan,  is  a 
Circular  Temple,  whofc  area  is  about  30  paces 
over :  and  fbuth  of  the  fame  Village  is  Cuch 
another  Temple,  in  the  center  of  which  i]till 
remains  the  Altar  s  being  a  broad  thin  ftone, 
fupported  by  three  other  fuch  ftones.  This 
is  very  extraordinary,  tho  (as  you  may  &e  in 
my  \i&.  Letter)  not  the  onely  examples  iuice 
the  zeal  of  the  Chriftiaos,  fomtimes  apt  to  be 
over-heated,  us'd  to  leave  no  Altars  ftandii^ 
but  their   own«     In  the  greateft  Iland  of 

{ii)  They  vulgarly  caU  the  iea  mr  or  m§if^  rnrn^  tium^ 
fahge^  &C. 

(64)  Sic  fatusy  meritot  arii  maSavit  honores: 

Tauruni  Nbptvnq,  taurutn  tibi,  puldier  Apoilxo; 

Kigram  Hy£mi  peoidem,  Z^J^HYau  fdkibas  albam* 

Videatur  etiam  Horatius^  Epod.  10.  ver.uk.  Cic  denat. 
DeonliUs.    £t  Artftoph^inRamacttmfaoSdioliafte. 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF    THE    DRUIDS.  ^V 

(6$)  Orkney,  commonly  called  the  Mainland, 
there  are  likcwife  two  Temples,  where  the 
natives  believe  by  Tradition,  that  the  Sun  and 
Moon  were  worfhipt :  which  belief  of  theirs 
is  vety  right,  fince  the  lefler  Temple  is  femi- 
circular.  The  greater  is  no  paces  diameter. 
They  know  not  what  to  make  of  two  green 
Mounts  ereded  at  the  eaft  and  weft  end  of  it : 
a  matter  nevcrthelefs  for  which  it  is  not  dif- 
ficult to  account.  There's  a  trench  or  ditch 
round  each  of  thefe  Temples,  like  that  about 
Stonehenge;  and,  in  fliort,  every  fuch  Tem- 
ple had  the  like  inclofure.  Many  of  the  fl;ones 
arc  above  20  or  24  foot  in  heigth  above  the . 
ground,  about  $  foot  in  breadth,  and  a  foot 
or  two  in  thicknefs.  Some  of  'em  are  fallen 
down :  and  the  Temples  arc  one  on  the  eaft 
and  the  other  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  Lake 
of  Stennis,  where  it  is  fliallow  and  fordable, 
there  being  a  paflage  over  by  large  ftepping 
ftones.  Near  die  lefler  Temple,  (which  is  on 
the  eaft- fide  of  the- lake,  as  the  greater  on  the 
weft)  there  ftand  two  ftones  of  the  fame  bignefs 
with  the  {66)  reft  5  thro  the  middle  of  one  of 
which  there  is  a  large  hole,  by  which  criminals 
and  viftims  were  ty'd,  Likewife  in  the  Hand  of 

(^5)  The  lies  of  Orhy  are  denominated  from  Orcas  or 
Orc4,  which/iq  Diodorvs  Sic^lvs  and  Ptolemy,  is  the  an- 
cdent  name  of  Caithnefs;  and  this  from  Otc^  not  a  falmoa 
<a8  bf  fome  interpreted)  but  a  whale :  ^o  that  in  old  Irifh 
OfeHh  the  Whale  Ilattds.    The  words  of  D  tonoRUs  are, 

yw,  cvoit,aX$ff^i  Z%  OpMAv*    lib.  4, 

(60  Brand,  pag.  44i 

Papa- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


92  THE    HISTORY 

Papa-Wcftra,  another  of  the  Orkneys,  there 
ftand,  near  a  lake  (now  call'd  St.  Tredweld's 
(67)  Loch)  two  fuch  Obelifcs,  in  one  of  which 
there  is  the  like  hole  $  and  behind  them  lying 
on  the  ground  a  third  ftone^  being  hollow  like 
a  trough. 

XII.  THESE  few  I  only  give  for  examples 
out  of  great  numbers,  as  I  likewife  take  the 
liberty  to  acquaint  you  (My  Lord)  that  at 
a  place  call'd  BifcauwooHy  near  Saint  Burien's 
in  Cornwall,  there  is  a  circular  Temple  con- 
iifting  of  1 9  ftones,  the  diftance  between  each 
12  foot;  and  a  twentieth  in  the  center,  much 
higher  than  the  reft.  But  I  am  not  yet  in- 
formed, whether  this  middle  ftone  has  any  pe- 
culiar figure,  or  whether  infcrib'd  with  any 
charaders  5  for  fuch  charafters  are  found  in 
Scotland,  and  fbme  have  been  obferv'd  in 
Wales ;  but  (except  the  Roman  and  Chriftian 
Infcriptions)  unintelligible  to  fuch  as  have  hi- 
therto feen  them.  Yet  they  ought  to  have 
been  fairly  reprefented,  for  the  ufe  of  fuch  as 
might  have  been  able  perhaps  to  explain  them. 
They  would  at  leaft  exercife  our  Antiquaries. 
The  Circle  of  Rollrich-fiones  in  Oxfordfliire, 
and  the  Hurler s  in  Cornwall,  are  two  of  thofe 
Druid  Temples.  There  is  one  at  Aubury  in 
Wiltfliire,  and  fome  left  in  other  places  of 
England.  In  Gregory  of  Tours  time  there 
was  remaining,  and  for  ought  I  know  may 

(^7)  Brand,  pag.  58. 

ftUI 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  pi 

ftili  be  fo,  one  of  thofc  Temples  on  the  top 
of  Belen'j'  Mount  between  Arton  and  Riom 
in  Auvergnc.  It  was  within  this  inclofurc 
that  Martin,  the  fainted  Bifhop,  ftood  taking 
a  (68)  view  of  t^e  country,  as  before  men* 
tion'd.  Now  of  fuch  Temples  I  fliall  men- 
tion here  no  more,  but  procede  to  the  Druids 
ALTARS,  which,  as  I  faid  before,  do  or- 
dinarily confift  of  four  ftonesj  three  being 
hard  flags,  or  large  tho  thin  ftones  fct  up  edge- 
wife,  two  making  the  fides,  and  a  fliorter  one 
the  end,  with  a  fourth  ftone  of  the  fame  kind 
on  the  top :  for  the  other  end  was  common- 
ly left  open,  and  the  Altars  were  all  oblong. 
Many  of  'em  arc  not  intire.  From  fome  the 
upper  ftone  is  taken  away,  from  others  one 
of  the  fide-ftones  or  the  end.  And,  befides 
the  alterations  that  men  have  caus'd  in  all 
thcfe  kinds  of  monuments.  Time  it  felf  has 
changed  'em  much  more.  Mr.  Brand  (peak- 
ing of  the  Obelifcs  in  Orkney,  many  of  'em 
(fays  {69)  he)  appear  to  be  much  worny  by  the 
wajbing  of  the  wind  and  rainy  which  fhows 
they  are  of  a  longftanding :  and  it  is  very 
ftrange  to  thinky  hoWy  in  thofe  places  and 
times y  they  got  fuch  large  ftones  carry' d  and 
ereBed.  Tis  naturally  impoflible,  but  that, 
in  the  courfe  of  fo  many  ages,  feveral  ftones 
niuft  have  loft  their  figure  i  their  angles  being 
cxpos'd  to  all  weathers,  and  no  care  taken  to 

(68)  Extat  nunc  in  hoc  loco  cancelluSy  in  quo  SanQus  di^ 
citur  ftctilTe.    GregpuTuwh  de  Qhtm  Confejfvr.  $ap.  5. 


Digitized 


l^^gle 


#4  THE   HISTORY 

repair  any  difordcr,  nor  to  prevent  any  abufc 
of  them.  Tkus  fome  are  become  lower,  or 
jagged,  or  otherwife  irregular  and  diminifh'd : 
many  are  quite  wafted,  and  mofs  or  fcurf 
hides  the  Infcriptions  or  Sculptures  of  others  > 
for  fuch  Sculptures  there  are  in  feveral  places, 
particularly  in  Wales  and  the  Scottifh  Uc  of 
Aran.  That  one  fort  of  ftone  lafts  longer 
than  another  is  true  :  but  that  all  will  have 
their  period,  no  lefs  than  Parchment  and  Pa- 
per, is  as  true. 

XIII.  THERE   are  a  great  many  of  the 
ALTARS  to  be  feen  yet  intire  in  Wales, 
particularly  two  in  Kerig  Y  Dmdion  parifli  men- 
tioned in  my  other  Letter,  and  one  inLhan- 
Hammulch  parifh  in  Brecknockfhire  5  with  a- 
bundance  elfewhcrc,  diligently  obferv'd  by  one 
I  mentioned  in  my  firft  Letter,  Mr.  Edward 
Lhuyd,  who  yet  was  not  certain  to  what  ufc 
they  were  deftin'd.     Here  I  beg  the  favor  of 
your  Lordfliip  to  take  it  for  granted,  that  I 
have  fufficicnt  authorities  for  every  thing  I 
alledge  :  and  tho  I  do  not  always  give  them 
in  this  brief  Specimen,  yet  in  the  Hijtorj^  it 
felf  they  fliall  be  produced  on  every  proper 
cccafion.    The  Druids  Altars  were  common- 
ly in  the  middle  of  the  Temples,  near  the 
great  Colofius,  of  which  prefently  5  as  there  i$ 
now  fuch  a  one  at  Carn-Lhcchart  in  the  pa- 
rifh of  Lhan-Gyvelach  in  Glamorganfliire,  be- 
sides that  which  I  mention'd  before  in  Scot- 
land.   They  arc  by  thcWellh  in  the  fingoiar 

number 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  95 

immlKr  call'd  Kift-vden^  that  is  a  ftonc-chcft, 
aad  in  the  plural  Kiftieurvdeny  ftone^hefts* 
Thcfe  names,  with  a  fmall  variation,  arc  good 
Irifti :  but  the  things  quite  different  from  thofc 
real  ftone-chefts  or  coffins  (commonly  of  one 
block  and  the  lid)  that  are  in  many  places 
found  under  ground.  The  vulgar  Irilh  call  thefc 
Altars  (70)  Dermot  and  GraniaV  bed. 
This  laft  was  the  Daughter  oi  King  Cormac 
Ulfhada,  and  Wife  to  (7 1 )  Fin  mac  Cuil  5 
from  whom,  as  invincible  a  General  and  Cham- 
pion as  he's  reported  to  have  been,  Ihe  took 
it  in  her  head  (as  women  will  fomtimes  have 
fuch  fancies)  to  run  away  with  a  nobleman, 
call'd  (jz)  Dermot  O  Duvny  :   but  being 
purfud  every  where,   the  ignorant  country 
people  fay,  they  were  intertain'd  a  night  in 
every  quarter-land  (73)  or  village  of  Ireland; 
where  the  inhabitants  Sympathizing  with  their 
affcftions,  and  doing  to  others  what  they  wou'd 
be  done  unto,  made  thefc  beds  both  for  their 
rcfting  and  hiding  place.   The  Poets,  you  may 
imagine,  have  not  been  wanting  to  imbcllifli 
this  ilory  :   and  hence  it   appears,   that  the 
Druids  were  planted  as  thick  as  Parifli  Pricfb, 
nay  much  thicker.  Wherever  there's  a  Circle 
without  an  Altar,  'tis  certain  there  was  one 
formerly ;  as  Altars  are  found  where  the  Cir- 
cular Obelifcs  arc  moftly  or  all  taken  away 

(70)  Liaha  Dhiarmait  agus  GHaAiHSf 

(71)  Finn  mhac  Cubhaill. 

(72)  DlARMAlT  O  DUIBHNB. 

<73)  Stiff wh  ^  Ccfttbrambofb^ 

for 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


'96  THE    HISTORY 

for  other  ufes,  or  out  of  averfion  to  this  fupc^ 
fiition,  or  that  time  has  confum'd  them.  They, 
who,  from  the  bones,  which  are  often  found 
near  thofc  Altars  and  Circles  (tho  feldom  with- 
in them)  will  needs  infer,  that  they  were 
burying  places  5  forget  what  Cesar,  Pliny, 
Tacitus,  and  other  authors,  write  of  the  hu- 
man facrifices  offcr'd  by  the  Druids :  and,  in 
miftaking  the  afhes  found  in  the  Carns,  they 
fhow  themfelves  ignorant  of  thofe  feveral  an- 
niverfary  fires  and  facrifices,  for  which  they 
were  reared,  as  we  have  fliown  above.  The  huge 
coping  ftonesof  thefe  Carns  were  in  the  na- 
ture of  Altars,  and  Altars  of  the  lefTer  form 
arc  frequently  found  near  them  j  as  now  in 
the  great  Latin  and  Greec  Churches,  there  are, 
befides  the  High  Altar,  feveral  fmaller  ones. 

XIV.  THERE'S  another  kmd  of  Altar 
much  bigger  than  either  of  thefe,  confiding 
of  a  greater  number  of  ftonesi  forae  of  'em 
ferving  to  fupport  the  others,  by  reafon  of  their 
enormous  bulk.  Thefe  the  Britons  term  CROM- 
LECH  in  the  fingular,  Cromlechu  in  the  plu- 
ral number  5  and  the  Irifh  CROMLEACH 
or  CromleaCy  in  the  plural  Cromleacha  or 
Cromleacca.  By  thefe  Altars,  as  in  the  center 
of  the  Circular  Temples,  there  commonly 
ftands  (or  by  accident  lyes)  a  prodigious  ftonc, 
which  was  to  ferve  as  aPedefl:al  to  fome  Dei- 
ty :  for  all  thefe  Cromleachs  were  places*  of 
worfhip,  and  fo  call'd  iiora^bawing^  the  word 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  97 

Signifying  the  (74)  hoijiJtng-ftone.     The  origi- 
nal defignation   of  the  Idol   Crltm-cruach 
(whereof  in  the   next  fedion)   n)ay  wcii  be 
from  Cruimy  an  equivalent   word   to   Tair- 
neach    Tar  an   or    Tartnan ,    all     iignilying 
Thunder  5    whence  the    Romans    call'd    the 
Gallic  Jupiter  Tar  amis  or  Taranis,   the  thun^ 
derer  :    and  from  thcfe  Crcmleacks  it  is,  that 
in  the  oldeft  Irifh  a  Pricft  is  calTd  Crtdmtktarj 
and  Prieflhood  Cntimtheacd-,  •  which   arc   lo 
many  evident  vcftigcs  of  the  t)ruidical  (75)  re- 
ligion.    There's  a  Cromlech  in  Kcvern-Parilh 
in  Pembrokefhire,   where  the  middle  flone  is 
ftill    1 8    foot   high ,     and    9    broad   tow  crds 
the  bafe,  growing  narrower  upwards.     1  here 
lyes  by  it  a  piece  broken  of  id  foot  long,  which 
fecnis  more  than  20  oxen  can  draV  :  ;:nd  there- 
fore they  were   not   void  of   all  skill  in  the 
Mechanics,  who  could  fet  up  the  Whole.    But 
one  remaining  at  Poitiers  in  France,  luppcrtcd 
by  five  Icffcr  ftones,  excedes  all  in  the  Eritifh 
Hands,    as  being  iixty  foot   in  circumference 
(76).     I  fancy  however  that  this  was  a  Rock- 
ing-ftone :    There's  alfo  a  noble  Cromleach  at 
Bod-ouyr  in  Anglefcy.     Many  of  them,  by  a 
modeft  computation,  are  30  tun  weight:  but 

(74)  From  mm  6t  cyum^  l^hich,  in  Arftionc,  Irifh,  and 
Welfh,  (ignifies  hent\  and   Ijeclo  or  Leac^  a  bioad  Oore. 

(75)  Of  the  fame  nature  is  Cairneach^  of  which  before  : 
for  Sa^art^  the  ordinary  word  for  a  f  ricft,  is  nnanifcftly 
form'd  from  Sacerdou 

(76)  La  pietre  levce  de  Poitiers  a  foixaftte  picds  dc  four, 
&  elle  eft  pofeefur  cirq  autres  pierres,  fans  qu'on  fache  ncii 
plus  ni  pourquoi,  ni  comment.  Chevreaxj,  Memoir e j  d^Jn- 
gleterre^  page  J  80. 

Vol.  I.  G  they 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


i)8  tHE  HISTORY 

they  differ  in  bignefs,   as  all  pillars  do,   and 
their  Altars  are  ever  bigger  than  the  ordinary 
KiftieU'Vden.    In  fdmc  places  of  Wales  thefc 
ftones  are  call'd  Meineu-guyVy  which  is  of  the 
ft  me  import  with  Cromechu.     In  Caithnefi^ 
and  other  remote   parts  of  Scotland,    thefe 
Cromleacs   are  very  numerous,   fdmc  pretty 
entire  s  and  others,  not  fo  much  confum'd  by 
time  or  thrown  down  by  ftorms,  as  diforder'd 
and  dcmolifh'd  by  the  hands  of  men.   But  no 
fuch  altars  were  ever  found  by  Olaus  Wor- 
Mius,  the  great  northern  antiquary  (which  I 
defire  the  abettors  of  Dr.  Charlton  to  note) 
nor  by  any  others  in  the  Temples  of  the  Go- 
thic nations  j  as  I  term  all  who  fpcak  the  feve- 
ial  dialeds  of  Gothic  original,  from  Izeland  to 
Switzerland,  and  from  the  Bril  in  Holland  to 
Prcsburg  in  Hungary,  the  Bohemians  and  Po- 
landers  excepted.     The  Druids  were  onely  co-* 
Extended  with  tht  Celtic  dialeds  :  befides  that 
Cesar  fays  exprefly,  there  were  (77)  no  Druids 
among  the  Germans,   with  whom  he  fays  as 
exprefly  that  feeing  and  feeling  was  believing 
(honoring  onely  the  Sun,   the  Fire,   and  the 
Moon,  by  which  they  were  manifeflty  benefit* 
ed)  and  that  they  made  no  facrifices  at  all : 
which  of  courfe  made  altars  as  ufeleft  there 
(tho  afterwards  grown  fafhionable)  as  they 
irere  neceflary  in  the  DruidsTemples,and  which 

(77)  Gerraanf— — fteque  t)rukies  hAbem,  qui  rebus  dtt- 
rinis  praefint,  neque  Sacrificiis  ftudent.  Deorum  numero 
eos  folos  ducnnt,  <ims  cernunt^  et  quorum  operibus  aperteju^ 
vantfir  ;  Solem,  et  Vulcaftum,  ct  Lunam  :  reliquos  nc  £un% 
•tuidem  Accepctuttt^    De  B^ih  Oallici,  Ub.  6. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ I 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  99 

they  lliow  more  than  probably  to  have  been 
Temples  indeed  5  nor  are  they  caird  by  any 
other  name,  or  thought  to  have  been  any  o- 
ther  thing,  by  the  Highlanders  or  their  Irilh 
j)rogenitorSi  Injerfey  likcwife,  as  well  as  in 
the  other  neighbouring  Hands,  formerly  part 
of  the  Dutchy  of  Normandy,  there  are  many 
Altars  and  Cromlechs.  There  are  yet  remain^ 
ing  in  this  Iland[(^ys  Dr.  FALLEinthc  H5th 
page  of  his  account  of  Jerfey) /J«^^  old  monu- 
fnentsofTagdnifm.  Jye  call  them  Pouquclcys. 
^hey  are  great  flat  ftdneSy  ofvajl  bignefs  and 
weight  i  fom(  ovaUfome  quadrangular y  raisd 
3  or  ^  foot  from  the  ground,  andfupportedby 
(Others  of  a  lefsflze.  'Tis  evident  both  from 
their  figure,  andgreat  quantities  of  ajhes  found 
in  the  ground  thereabouts,  that  they  were  ufd 
for  Altars  in  thofe  times  of  fuperftition :  and 
their  ft anding  on  eminences  near  the  fea,  in- 
clines me  dffb  ta  think,  that  they  were  de-- 
dicatedto  the  divinities  of  the  Ocean.  At  ten 
or  twelve  foot  diftance  there  iiaCmallerftone 
fet  up  an  end,  in  manner  of  a  desk  5  where  'tis 
fuppos'd  the  Trieft  kneeM,  and  performed  fome 
ceremonies,  while  the  Sacrifice  was  burning  on 
the  altar.  Part  of  this  account  is  miftaken, 
for  the  culture  of  the  inland  parts  is  the  reafon 
that  few  Touqueleys  are  left,  befidcs  thofe  on 
the  barren  rocks  and  hills  on  the  fea  lide  :  nor 
is  that  fituation  alone  fufficient  for  entitling 
them  to  the  Marine  Powers,  there  being  pro- 
per marks  to  diftinguifli  fuch  whcrefoevcr  fitu- 
ated« 

G  2  .  XV 

dbyLiOOgle 


Digitized  b 


loo  THE    HISTORY 

XV.  B  U  T  to  return  to  our  Cromleachs, 
the  cliicfcft  in  all  Ireland  was  CRUM-CRU- 
ACH,  which  flood  in  the  midfl:  of  a  Circle 
of  twelve  Obcliics  on  a  hill  in  Brefin,  a  di- 
ftricl  of  the  county  of  Cavan,  formerly  belong- 
ing: to  Lctrini.  It  was  all  over  covered  with 
gold  and  filvcr,  the  lefTer  figures  on  the  twelve 
ftoncs  about  it  being  onely  of  brafs  5  which 
mcttals,  both  of  the  ftones  and  the  ftatues 
that  they  bore,  became  every  where  the  prey 
of  the  Chrifl:ian  Priefl:s,  upon  the  converfion 
of  that  kingdom.  The  legendary  writers  of 
Patric's  Life  tell  many  things  no  lefs  ridi- 
culous than  incredible,  about  the  deftrudion 
of  this  Temple  of  Moyjle^i  (78),  01  the  field 
of  Adoration-,  in  Brefin  5  w^icre  the  flumps  of 
the  circular  Oblifcs  are  yet  to  be  feen,  and 
where  they  were  noted  by  writers  to  have  flood 
long  before  any  Danifh  invafion,  which  fhows 
liow  groundlefs  Dr.  Charlton's  notion  is. 
The  Bifhop's  See  of  Clogher  had  its  name  from 
one  of  thofe  ftones,  all  cover'd  with  gold 
{Clockoir  fignifying  the  golden fi: one)  on  ^hidx 
flood  Kermand  Kelstach,  the  chief  Idol 
of  Ulfter  (79).  This  ftone  is  ftill  in  being. 
To  note  it  here  by  the  way,  Sir  James  Ware 
wasmiftaken,  when,  inhxs  Antiquities  of  Ire- 
landj  he  faid  Arcklow  and  Wicklow  were 
fcren  names*  whereas  they  are  mere  Irifh, 
the  firft  being  Ardeloch^  and  the  fecond  Bu^ 

(78)  ^agh-sUuchu 

<79)  MERCVR.Hr$  C*LTlCiri| 

Digitized  by  VjQOQ  I  y^r^^^^ 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  loi 

idhe-cloch,  from  high  and  yellow  flonesofthis 
confecrated  kind,  Tis  not  to  vindicate  cither  the 
Celtic  nations  in  general,  or  my  own  countryr 
men  in  particular,  for  honoring  of  fuch  ftoucs, 
or  for  having  fiony  fyipbols  of  the  Deity  ;  but 
to  fliow  they  were  neither  more  ignorant  nor 
barbarous  in  this  refped  than  the  poHtcft  of 
nations,  the  Greecs  and  the  Romans,  that  here 
1  inuft  make  a  fhort  literary  cxcurfion.  Where- 
fore,  I  beg  your  Lordlliip  to  remember,  that 
KermandKelstach  wasnot  theonely  Mer- 
cury of  rude  (tone,   fince  the  Mercury  of 
the  Greecs  was  not  portray 'd  antiently  in  the 
fhape  of  a  youth,  with  wings  to  his  heels  and 
a  caduceus  in  his  hands    but   (80)    without 
hands  or  feet  y  being  a  fquare  fione,  fays  Fhur- 
NUTUS,  and  T  fay  without  any  fculpture.    The 
reafon  given   for  it  by  the  Divines  of  thofe 
days,  was,  that  as  the  fqtiare  figure  betoken  d 
his  folidity  and  ft  ability  5  fo  he  wanted  nei- 
ther hands  nor  feet  to  execute  what  he  was 
commanded  by  Jove.     Thus  their  merry 'mak-- 
ing  Bacchus  was  figufd  among  the  Thebans 
by  a  (81)  pillar  one ly.    So  the  Arabians  worr 
fhip  I  know  not  what  God  ^fays  (82)  Maxi- 
Mus  Tyrius)  and  the  ftatue  that  I  faw  of 

(80)  JlXcLTTtrat  ^$  Hat  axt/p,  ««<  aTou^,  hoci  rtrpaytcvo^  r^ 
^XMK^Ti,  $'£pfx,Mf  ;  rer^cLyoivoq  fji.6v,  to  etpatovrs  xcciaa^a^i^BX*^^ 
"^-axsip  Sfi  Kcct  anrovq,  %t%i  ov\t  toJwv  ou]«  x**P**^  ^tircti^  Tpo^  ra 
0L)fveLv  r(t vi^QKSifJievov  auroa.     J)e  Nat,  Dior,  cap*  id. 

(81)  ^rvXoi  OM^xtoiai  /^Knvvffffo^nroAvy/ibyiq,  CUm*AUx*  StromaU 
Jib.  1. 

(82)  Apcc^toi  fft^ovffi  fuv  SvjrtvcL  3*oun  oiZoti  to  Zi  ccyaKiia.  6  ii5o» 
^•05  nv  T«Tpay«vo$.  Sitnu  38. 

G  J  him^ 


Digitized 


by  Google 


loa  THE  HISTORY 

him^  was  a  fquarefione.  I  fhall  fay  nothing 
here  of  the  oath  of  the  Romans  per  jQvemi 
Lapidem.  But  no  body  pretends  that  the 
Gauls  wete  more  fubtil  Theologues  or  Philofo- 
phcrs,  than  the  Arabians,  Greecs,  or  Romans  5 
at  Icaft  many  are  apt  not  to  believe  itofthcii: 
Irifii  Ofspring  :  yet  'tis  certain,  that  all  thofc 
nations  meant  by  thcfe  ftones  without  ftatucs, 
the  (83)  eternal  ft  ability  and  ppwer  of  the 
^eity  5  and  that  he  cou  d  not  be  reprcfented 
by  any  fmiilitude,  nor  under  any  figure  wh^t- 
foevcr.  For  the  numberlcfs  figures,  which, 
notwithftanding  this  doftrine,  they  had(fbme 
of  'em  very  ingenious,  and  fomc  very  fanta* 
ftical)  were  onely  emblematical  or  enigmatical 
fymbols  of  the  divine  attributes  a<id  operations, 
but  not  of  the  divine  eflence.  Now  as  fuch 
fymbols  in  different  places  were  different,  fo 
they  were  often  confounded  together,  and 
miflakcn  for  each  other.  Nor  do  I  doubta^ 
but  in  this  manner  the  numerous  Cams  ia 
Gaule  and  Britain  induc'd  the  Romans  to  be- 
lieve, that  Mercury  was  their  (84)  chief  God, 
becaufe  among  themfelves  he  had  fuch  heaps, 
as  I  fliow'd  above  5  whereas  the  Celtic  heaps 
were  all  dedicated  to  Belenus,  or  the  Sun. 
The  Roman  Hiftorians  in  particular  are  often 
mifled  by  likeneffes,  as  has  been  already,  and 
will  not  feldom  again,  b^  fhown  in  our  Hifto-^ 
ry  5  efpecially  with  regard  to  the  Gods,   faid 

(8g)  To  «v«iietfviq-ov  Tov  dfot;  koli  /xoviftov*   ///.  ij/^, 

(84)  Deum  maxiqie  Mercurium  coliint.    Hums  funt  plu- 
rima  fimulacri^,  ^c,    Caef.  ^  klio  QaUlco,  lib.  6,  - 

to 

'  Digitized  by  Google 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  loj 

to  have  been  worfliip'd  by  the  Ganls.  Thus 
fome  modern  Critics  have  forg'd  new  Gods, 
out  of  the  fcpulchral  infcriptions  of  Gallic 
Heroes.  I  fliall  fay  no  more  of  fuch  pillars, 
but  that  many  of  them  have  a  cavity  on  the 
top,  capable  to  hold  a  pint,  and  fomtimcs 
more;  with  a  channel  or  groove,  about  an  inch 
deep,  reaching  from  this  hollow  place  to  the 
ground,  of  the  ufe  whereof  in  due  time. 

XVL  NOR  will  I  dwell  longer  here,  than 
our  fubjeft  requires,  on  the  FATAL  STONE 
fo  caird,  on  which  the  fuprcmc  Kings  of  Ire- 
land us'd  to  be  inaugurated  in  times  of  Hea- 
thenifin  on  the  hill  of  (85)  Tar  ah  (86)  jf  and 

which 

(85)  Ttimlmr^  or  in  the  oblique  cafes  TtAmhta^  whence 
torroptly  Taragh^  or  Tatflh. 

(85)  The  true  names  of  this  flone  are  Llag-faU  or  the  fatal 
Jttm^  and  Cloch  na  cineamhna  or  theftone  oj fortune :  both  of  thcn^ 
from  %  perfuafion  the  ancient  Irifli  had,  that^  in  what  coun- 
try foever  this  ftone  remain'd,  there  one  of  their  blood  wa^ 
to  reign*  But  this  prov'd  as  falfe  as  fuch  other  prophefies 
for  ^ooj^rS)  from  Edward  thefirft  to  the  reign  ofjAMiis 
the  firft  in  England.  The  Druidical  Oracle  is  in  verie,  an^ 
io  thefe  original  words; 

Cicmedh  fcuit  faor  an  fine^ 
Man  ha  hreag  an  Fat/Mnty 
JAar  a  bhfuighid  an  Lla-fail^ 
Dllghid  pnthtas  do  ghahbaih 
Which  may  be  read  thus  truely,  but  monkiihly  tranflatecj. 
in  Hector.  Boethius  s 

Nlfalht  fatum^  Scott,,  quocunque  heatum 
hroement  lapidem  htmCf  rtgnare  twentur  ibidem^ 
The  Lowland  Scots  have  rhym*d  it  thus  : 
Except  old  Saqvs  do  felgn^ 
And  mtjtfds  wits  he  hllndj 
The  Scots  in  place  mufi  telgn^ 
ffbere  they  Ms  fione  fiaH  fndn 

Gi^  Anci 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


I04  THE    HISTORY 

which  being  inclos'd  in  a  wooden  Chair,  was 
thoui^ht  to  emi^  a  found  under  the  rightful 
Candidate  (a  thing  eafily  managed  by  the  Druids) 
but  to  be  mute  under  a  man  of  none  or  a  bad 
title,  that  is,  one  who  was  not  for  tiie  turn  of 
thofe  Pricfts.  Every  one  has  read  of  Mem- 
non's  vocal  ftatue  in  Egypt.  This  fatal  ftone 
was  fuperftitioufly  fent  to  confirm  the  Irifii 
Colony  in  the  north  of  Great  Britain,  where 
it  continued  as  the  Coronation- feat  of  the  Scot* 
tifh  Kings,  even  jfince  Chriftianity  5   till,  in  the 

And  fome  Englifh  Poet  has  thus  render'd  it ; 
Conjider  Scot^  Kxihereef  you  fnd  this  fionty 
If  ]  ate  s  fail  not^  there  fixt  nwji  be  your  tbrone* 

The  Irifh  pretend  to  have  memoirs  concerning  it  for  above 
aooo  years:  nay  Ireland  it  felf  islbmetimes,  from  thiif^ ftone, 
by  the  poets  call'd  Inis-fail,     gut  how  foon  they  begun  to 
uie  it,  or  whence  ^hey  had  it,  lyes  altc^ether  in  the  dark. 
What's  certain  is,  that  after  having  long  continu*d  at  Tarah, 
It  was,  for  the  purpofe  I  have  mentioned,  fent  to  Fescus, 
the  firft  aftual  King  of  Scots;  and  that  it  lay  in  Argilc  (ih« 
original  feat  of  the  Scots  in  Britain)  till,  about  the  year  of 
Chrift  842,  that  Keneth  the  2d,  the  fon  of  Aitm,  having 
inlargd  his  borders  by  the  conqueft  of.  the  PiSs,  transferred 
this  ftone,  for  the  fame  purpofe  as  beforejto  Scone.-  So  great 
rcfpe6l  is  ftill  paid  by  Chriftians  to. a  Heathen  Prophcfy!  not 
oncly  falfe  in  fa£t,  as  I  have  this  moment  prov'd  ;  but  evi- 
dently illulbry  and  equivocal,  it  being  a  thing  moft  difficult 
to  find  any  prince  in  Europe,  who,  fome  way  or  other,  may 
not  claim  kindred  of  every  other  princely  race  about  hioi, 
and  confequently  be  of  that  blood.    This  is  the  cafe  of  bur 
prcfent  Soverain  King  George,    who  is  indeed  defcendcd 
of  the  Scottifhrace,  but  yet  in  propriety  offpeech  is  not  of 
the  ScottiQi  line;  but  the  firft  here  of  the  Brunfwick  line, 
as  others  begun  the  Brictifli,  Saxon,  Danifli,  Saxo  Danifli, 
Norman,    Saxo-Norman,   and  Scottilh  lines.    Yet  this  not 
being  the  fenfe  in  which  the  Irifb  and  Scots  underftand  the 
Oracle,  they  ought  confequently  at  this  very  time  to  look 
upon  it  as  fajfe,  and  groundlefs. 

year 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE   DRUIDS,  lof 

year  I  300,Edward  thefirft  of  England  brought 
it  from  Scone,  placing  it  under  the  Corona- 
tion-chair at  Weftminfter :    and  there  it  ftill 
continues,  the  antienteft  refpefted  monument 
in  the  world  5  for  tho  fome  others  may  be  more 
antient  as  to  duration,  yet  thus  fuperftitioufly 
regarded  they  are  not.     I  had  almoft  forgot  to 
tell  you,    that  'tis  now  by  the  vulgar  caird 
jAQOB'J}oney  as  if  this  had  been  Jacob's  pil- 
low at  Bethel  (87).  Neither  fhall  I  be  more  co- 
pious in  treating  of  ajiother  kind  of  ftones,  tho 
belonging  alfo  to  our  fubjed.   They  are  round- 
ifh  and  of  vaft  bulk  j  but  fo  artificially  pitched 
on  flat  ftones,    fometimes  more,   fometimes 
fewer  in  number  :  that  touching  the  great  ftone 
lightly,  it  moves,  and  fecms  to  totter,  to  the 
great  amazement  of  the  ignorant  5  but  ftirs  not, 
at  leaft  not  fenfibly  (for  that  is  the  cafe)  when 
one  ufes  his  whole  ftrength.     Of  this  fort  is 
Maen-amber  in  Cornwall,  and  another  in  the 
Peak  of  Derby,  whereof  Dr.  Woodward  has 
given  mc  an  account  from  his  own  obferva^ 
tion.  Some  there  are  in  Wales,  one  that  I  have 
fcen  in  the  Parifli  of  Clunmany  (88)  in  the 
north  of  Ireland,  and  the  famous  rockingftones 
in  Scotland  i  of  all  which,  and  many  more, 
in  our  Hiftory.    Yet  I  cou'd  not  cxcufe  it  to 
my  felf,  if  I  did  not  with  the  fopneft,  let  your 
Lordfhip  into  the  fecret  of  this  reputed  Magic ; 
which  the  no  lefs  learned  antiquary  than  able 
Phyfici.an,   Sir  Robert  Sibbald,    has  difco- 

(87)  Gen.  28.  II,  18,   19. 
^88)  Cluainmainu 

Digitized  by  VjOQ^IC 


106  THE  HISTORY 

vcr'd  in  the  appendix  to  his  Hijiory  of  Fife 
and  Kinrofs.  That  Gentleman  fpeaking  of 
the  Rocking-ftone  near  Balvaird  (ortheBard$ 
town)  /  am  inform'dj  fays  he,  that  thisftme 
was  broken  by  the  ufurper  [CromwelV]  Sol^ 
diers  ,•  and  it  was  difcover'd  then^  that  its 
motion  was  performed  by  a  yolk  extubsrant  in 
the  middle  of  the  underfurface  of  the  upper^ 
ft  one  y  which  was  inferted  in  a  cavity  in  the 
furface  of  the  lower  ftone.  To  which  let  mc 
add,  that  as  the  lower  ftonc  was  flat,  fo  the 
upper  (lone  was  globular  :  and  that  not  one- 
ly  a  juft  proportion  in  the  motion,  was  cal- 
culated from  the  weight  of  the  ftone,  and  the 
widenefs  of  the  cavity,  as  well  as  the  oval  fi- 
gure of  the  inferted  prominence;  but  that 
the  vaft  bulk  of  the  upper  ftone  did  abfolute- 
ly  conceal  the  mechanifm  of  the  motion  i  and 
the  better  ftill  to  impofe,  there  were  two  or 
three  Surrounding  flat  ftones,  tho  that  onely 
in  the  middle  was  concerned  in  the  feat.  By 
this  pretended  miracle  they  condemned  of  per- 
jury, pr  acquitted,  as  their  intereft  or  their 
nffeftion  led  them  5  and  often  brought  crimi- 
nals to  confefs,  what  could  be  no  other  way 
extorted  from  them.  So  prevalent  is  the  horror 
of  Superftition  in  fome  cafes,  which  led  many 
j^eople  to  fancy  (and  among  them  the  otherwifc 
nioft  judicious  Strabo)  that  it  might  be  4 
ufeful  cheat  to  fociety :  not  confidering  that  in 
other  cafes  (incomparably  more  numerous  and 
important)  it  is  moft  detrimental,  perniciouSji 
^4  dcftriidiye,  ^}^^  foiely  ufeful  ^o  the  Prieft^ 

that 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF    THE    DRUIDS.        107 

that  have  the  management  of  it  5  while  it  not 
ppely  difturbsordilreflcs  fociety,  but  very  of- 
ten confounds  and  finally  overturns  it,  of  which 
Hiftory  abounds  wi|Ji  ejcamples, 

XVn.  I  COME  now  to  the  DRUID'S 
HOUSES,  by  which  I  don't  mean  their  Forts 
or  towns,  of  which  they  had  many,  but  not 
as  Church-lands  5  nor  yet  the  houfes  for  their 
fchools,  lituated  m  the  midft  of  pleafant  groves : 
but  I  mean  little,  arch'd,  round,  ftonc  build- 
ings,   capable  only  of  holding  one   pcrfon, 
where  the  retired  and  contemplative  Druid  fat, 
when  his  Oak  eould  not  fhelter  him  from  thq 
weather.  There's  another  fort  of  Druid's  houfes 
much  larger.     Of  both  thefe  forts  remain  fe^ 
yeral  ye^  intire  in  the  He  of  Sky,  and  alfo  in 
fome  other  lies  5  being  by  the  Natives  (89)  call'ct 
Tighthe  nan  T^ruiahneachy  that  is,    Druids 
houfes.   Many  of  them  are  to  be  feen  in  Wales, 
and  fome  in  Ireland :  but  different  from  thofc 
under-ground-houfcs,  or  artificial  Caves,  which 
are  in  all  thofe  places  5  confifting  frequently  of 
feveral  chambers,   and  generally  opening  to- 
wards rivers  or  the  fea :  having  been,  as  thofe 
of  the  Germans  defcrib'd  by  (90)  Tacitus, 
maga^ins  againft  the  extreme  rigor  of  winter, 

(Sjf)  Corruptly  Tman  Druinich. 

(90)  Solent  et  fvibterritneos  fpecus  aperire,  eofqiie  multa 
infupcr  fimo  onerant :  fuffugium  hiemi,  ac  reeeptaeulum 
^rugibus;  quia  rigorem  frlgorum  ejufinodi  locis  molliunt* 
£t  u  quando  hoftis  advenit,  aperta  populatur :  abdica  autcm 
et  defofla  aut  ignorantur,  aut  eo  ipfo  fallunt,  quod  qoa^ 
±esda  funt.    Ve  fmrihij  German,  cap.  x. 

'9? 


Digitized 


by  Google 


108  THE    HISTORY 

or  hiding  places  for  men  and  goods  in  time  of 
war.  The  vulgar  in  the  Hands  do  ftiil  {how  a 
great  refped  for  the  T^rulds  houfes^  and  ne- 
ver come  to  the  anticnt  facrificeing  and  fire- 
halowing  CarnSy  but  they  walk  three  times 
round  them  from  eaft  to  weft,  according  to 
the  courfc  of  the  Sun.  This  fandifyM  tour 
or  round  by  the  fouth,  \$  caird  (91)  T)eifeal\ 
as  the  unhallow'd  contrary  one  by  the  north, 
(92)  TuafholL  But  the  Irifli  and  Albanian 
Scots  do  not  derive  the  firft  (as  a  certain  friend 
of  mine  imagin'd)  from  ©/-////,  which  iignifies 
Sunday  in  Armorican  Britilh,  as  "Dydh-jyi  in 
Welfh  and  TDe-zil  in  Cornirti  do  the  fame  j  but 
from  (93)  T^eaSy  the  r/g^^?  (undcrftanding 
hand)  and  Soily  one  of  the  antient  names  of 
the  Sun^  the  right  hand  \w  this  round  being 
ever  next  the  heap,  The  Proteftants  in  the 
Hebrides  arc  almoft  as  much  ^ddifted  to  the 
^eiJioU  as  the  Papifts.  Hereby  it  may  be  fecn, 
how  hard  it.  is  to  eradicate  inveterate  Supcrfti- 
tion.  This  cuftom  was  us'd  three  thoufand 
ye^rs  ago,  ^nd  God  knows  how  long  before,  by 
tlaeir  anccftors  the  antient  Gauls  of  the  fame 
relif.ion  with  them  ^  who  turned  round  ri^ht- 
hand-wife^  when  they  worfhifd  their  Godsy 
as  (94)  Atheneus  informs  u§  out  of  Posido- 
Nius  a  much  elder  writer.     Nor  is  this  con- 

••    (91)  I>^ltf>rfum. 
:    (91)  SinififOffum* 

(95)  Tiem  Dels* 
'    (94)  OvTM^ovf  Tpotfxuvov^iv,  %Ti  TCL  Uha  q^t^oyiivot,    Lib.  ^ 

tradiacd. 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  i6p 

;tradiaed,but  clearly  (tonfirm'd  by  Pliny,  who 
fays,  thai  the  Gauls,  contrary  to  the  cuftom  of 
the  (95)  Romans y  turnd  to  the  left  in  their 
religious  ceremonies  5  for  as  they  begun  their 
worfliip  towards  the  eaft,  fo  they  turn'd  about, 
as  our  Ilanders  do  now,  from  eaft  to  weft  ac- 
cording to  the  courfc  of  the  Sun,  that  is,  from 
the  right  to  the  left,  as  Pliny  has  obfcrv'd  5 
whereas  the  left  was  among  the  Romans  re- 
puted the  right  in  Augury,  and  in  all  devotions 
anfwering  it.  Nor  were  their  neighbors,  the 
Aboriginal  Italians  (moft  of 'em  of  Gallic  de- 
fcent)  ftrangers  to  this  cuftom  of  worfhipping 
right*hand-wife,  which,  not  to  allege  more 
Paffages,  may  be  feen  by  this  one  in  the  (96) 
Curculio  of  Plautus,  who  was  himfelf  one  of 
them  :  when  you  worjhip  the  Gods,  do  it  turn- 
ing to  the  right  hand  I  which  anfwers  to  turn- 
ing from  the  weft  to  the  eaft.  It  is  perhaps 
from  this  refpeftful  turning  from  eaft  to 
weft,  that  we  retain  the  cuftom  of  drinking 
over  the  left  thumb,  or,  as  others  exprefs  it,  ac- 
cording to  the  courfc  of  the  Sun  5  the  breaking 
of  which  order,  is  reckon'd  no  fmalt  impro- 
priety, if  not  a  downright  indecency,  in  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland.  And  no  wonder,  ftncc 
this,  if  you  have  faith  in  Homer,  wasthecul- 
torn  of  the  Gods  themfelves.   Vulcan,  in  the 


(95)  In  adorando  dexteram  ad  ofculum  referimm,  totum- 
^ue  corpus  circumagirnus ;  quod  in  lacTum  feciffe  Galli  re- 
ligiofius  credunr.    Hifi.  Nat.  lib.  £8*  cap.  z. 

(96)  Si  Deos  falaus,  dextiovorfum  cefifeo.  AS^  i.  Seen.  i. 
t#f.  70. 

Digitized  by 


no  rut  HiStOtlY 

firft  book  of  the  (97)  IH^dy  filling  i  bumpcf 
to  his  mother  Juno, 

To  W  other  Godsy  going  round  from  right 

to  lefty 
Skenkd  NeBarfweety  which  from  full fask 

he  four  d. 

But  more  of  the  fight  hand  in  the  chapter  of 
Augury. 

XVIII.  T  O  refumc  our  difcourfe  about  the 
t)ruids  houfes,  one  of  thefti  in  the  Hand  of 
St.  KiLDA  is  very  remarkable  5  and,  according 
to  the  tradition  of  the  place,  mull  have  be- 
longed to  a  Druidefe.  But  be  this  as  it  will, 
it  is  all  of  ft6ne,  withoiit  lime,  or  mortar,  or 
earth  to  cement  it :  'tis  alfo  arch'd,  and  of  a 
conic  figure  $  but  open  at  the  top,  and  a  fire- 
place in  the  middle  of  the  floor.  It  cSannot 
contain  above  nine  perfons,  to  fit  cafy  by  each 
other:  and  from  this  whole  defcription  'tis 
clear,  that  the  edifice  call  KKTHVvCsOven  in 
Sterlingfliire,  juft  of  the  fame  form  and  dimen- 
iions,  is  by  no  means  of  Roman  original,  what- 
ever our  antiquaries  have  thoughtlefly  fancy'd 
to  the  contrary.  Some  make  it  the  Temple  of 
Terminus,  and  others  a  triumphal  ard^  whea 
they  might  as  well  have  fancy'd  it  to  be  a  hog- 
trough:  fo  little  is  it  like  any  of  thofe  arches. 

(97)  Aorap  j  roif  OKhoict  Um  wUHm  tMiv 

Ih  I.   rtt,  $97* 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Ot?  THE  DRUlbS.  tii 

As  to  the  houfc  in  St.  Kilda,  there  go  off  from 
the  fide  of  the  wall  three  low  vaults,  feparated 
£K>m  each  other  by  pillars,  and  capable  of  con- 
taining five  perfons  a  piece.  Tuft  fuch  another 
houfe  in  all  refpefts,  but  much  larger,  and  grown 
ovcrwithagreeil  fod  on  the  outfide,  is  in  Bo^ 
rera,  an  He  adjacent  to  St.  Kilda  5  and  wis 
the  habitation  of  a  Druid,  who  'tis  probable 
Was  not  unacquainted  with  his  neighboring  Dru- 
idefs.  Shetland  abounds  with  another  kind  of 
ftone  houfes,  not  unfrequent  in  Orkney,  which 
they  afcribe  to  the  Pids  5  as  they  are  apt  all  over 
Scotland  to  make  every  thing  Pidifti,  whofc 
origin  they  do  not  know.  The  Belgae  or  Fir- 
bolgs  (hare  this  honor  with  the  Pifts  in  Ireland, 
and  King  Arthur  is  reputed  the  author  of  all 
fuch  fabrics  in  Wales,  except  that  thofe  of 
Anglefey  father  'em  on  the  Irifli.  Thefe  iri- 
ftances  I  have  given  your  Lordftiip,  to  convince 
you,  how  imperfeft  all  Treatifes  about  the 
Druids  (hitherto  publifh'd)  muft  needs  be; 
fince  they  contain  nothing  of  this  kind,  tho 
ever  fo  effential  to  the  fubjed  :  and  that  none 
of  thefe  Monuments,  very  frequent  in  France, 
are  there  afcrib'd  to  the  Druids,  their  records 
about  fuch  things  being  all  loft;  while  very 
many  of  ours  happily  remain  to  clear  them, 
fince  the  ufages  were  the  fame  in  both  coun- 
tries. Nor  are  thofe  Treatifes  left  defedive  in 
the  more  inftrudive  part,  concerning  the  ©r^- 
idicallThilofophy  and  Politics,  whereof  the 
modern  French  and  Brittifti  writers,  have  in  rea- 
lity known  nothing  further^  than  the  Claflic 

auUjois 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


112  THE    HISTORY 

authors  furnifh'd  'em  5  or  if  they  add  any  thing/ 
'tis  abfolutcly  fabulous,  ill-invented,  and  unau- 
thoriz'd.    Thefe  fubjeds  I  referve  intire  for  my 
greater  work.    John  Aubrey  Efq;  a  Member 
of  the  Royal  Society  (with  whom  I  became  ac- 
quainted at  Oxford,   when  I  was  a  fojourncr 
there ;  and  coUeding  during  my  idler  hours  a 
Vocabulary   of  Armorican   and  Irifli  words, 
which,  in  found  and  fignification,  agree  better 
together  than  with  the  Welfh)  was  the  only 
pcrfon  I  ever  then  met,  who  had  a  right  no- 
tion of  the  Temples  of  the  Druids,  or  indeed 
any  notion  that  the  Circles  fo  often  mentioned 
were  fuch Temples  at  all:  wherein  he  was  in- 
tircly  confirm'd,    by  the  authorities  which  I 
fhow'd  him  $  as  he  fupply'd  me  in  return  with 
numerous  inftanccs  of  fuch  Monuments,  which 
he  was  at  great  pains  to  obferve  and  fet  down. 
And  tho  he  was  extremely  fuperftitious,   or 
fcem'd  to  be  fo :    yet  he  was  a  very  honcft 
man,  and  moft  accurate  in  his  accounts  of  mat- 
ters of  fad.     But  the  fads  he  knew,  not  the 
refledions  he  made,  were  what  I  wanted.    Kor 
will  I  deny  jufiice  on  this  occafion,  to  a  perfon 
whom  I  cited  before,  and  who  in  many  other 
rcfpcds  merits  all  the  regard  which  the  curious 
can  pay;   I  mean  Sir  Robert  Sibbald,  who, 
in  his  forefaid  Hiftory  of  Fife  (but  very  late- 
ly come  to  my  hands)  affirms,  that  there  arc 
feveral  Druids  Temples  to  be  feen  every  where 
in  Scotland,  particularly  in  the  County  he  dc- 
jTcribes.     Thefe  (fays  he)  are  great  flones placed 
iv^  a  circky  at  fame  dijiance  from  each  other ^ 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  113 

&c  .  Mr*  A  u  B  R  E  y  fliow'd  me  feveral  of 
I>r.  Garden's  letters  from  that  kingdom  to 
the  fame  purpofe,  but  in  whofe  hands  now  I 
know  not. 

XIX.  I  SHALL  conclude  this  Letter  with 
two  examples  of  fuch  works,  as  tho  not  (that 
I  can  hitherto  learn)  belonging  any  way  to  the 
Druids,  yet  they  may  poffibly  be  of  that  kind  :  or 
be  they  of  what  kind  you  will,  they  certainly 
merit  our  notice  5   as,  together  with  thofe  for 
which  we  can  truely  account,  they  highly  ferve 
toilluftrate  the  Antiquities  of  our  Brittifh  world. 
My  firft  example  is  in  the  Main-land  of  Ork- 
ney, defcrib'd  among  the  reft  of  thofe  Iflands 
by  Dr.  Wallace  and  Mr.  Brand  5  where,  on 
the  top  of  a  high  rocky  hill  at  the  weft  end  of 
the  Hand  near  the  village  of  Skcal,  there  is  a 
fort  of  pavement,    confifting  of  ftones  vari- 
oufly  figur'd,  fome  like  a  heart,  others  like  a 
crown,  others  like  a  leg,  fome  like  a  weaver's 
Ihuttle,  others  of  other  forms :  and  fo  on  for 
above  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  length,  and  from 
ao  to  30  foot  in  breadth.     In  taking  up  any  of 
thcfc  ftones,  the  figure  is  as  neat  on  the  under- 
iide  as  the  upper :  and  being  as  big  as  the  life, 
all  of  one  color,   or  a  reddifli  kind  of  ftone 
pitch'd  in  a  reddifli  earth,  and  the  pavement 
being  fo  very  long  5  it  cannot  poffibly  be  any 
of  the  teflellated,  or  chequered  works  of  the 
Romans.    If  aw  a  part  of  the  garden  wall  of 
the  houfe  of  Skealy  fays  (98)  Mr.  Brand,  de- 

f^S)  Pag.  43. 

Vol'.  I.  H  carat ed 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


it4  THE   HISTORY 

coTotei'-jijlth  thefe  (tones :  and  we  intended  to 
have  fent  a  parcel  of  them  to  out  friends  in 
the  font h J  as  a  rarity  ;  if  they  hiHd  not  been 
forgot  y  at  our  return  from  Zet-land.  Dr.  Wal- 
lace (99)  alfo  fays,  that  many  of  the  ftones 
arc  taken  away  by  the  neighboring  gentry,  to 
fet  them  up  like  Dutch  tiles  in  their  dhimncys : 
fo  that,  at  this  rate,  in  lefs  than  a  century  this 
pivcmcnt  will  in  all  likelihood  fubfift  only  in 
books*  All  fuch  Monuments,  when  I  go  to 
Scotland,  I  (hall  fo  accurately  dcfcribe  in  every 
rcfpcd,  and  give  fuch  accounts  of  them  where 
accountable  $  that  I  hope  the  curious  will  have 
rcafon  to  be  fatisfy'd,  or  at  Icaft  fome  abler  j^er- 
fon  be  emulous  of  fatjsfying  the  world,  and 
me  among  the  reft.  Wherever  I  am  at  a  lofs, 
1  Ihall  frankly  own  it  ?  and  never  give  my  con- 
jedurcs  for  more  than  what  they  are,  that  is, 
probable  guefles :  and  certainly  nothing  can  be 
more  amifs  in  Inquiries  of  this  kind,  than  to  ob- 
trude fuppofitions  for  matters  of  faft*  Upon 
all  fuch  occafions,  I  defire  the  fame  liberty 
with  Crassus  in  Cicero  de  (100)  Or  at  ore: 
that  /  may  deny  being  able  to  doj  what  Tme 
fure  I  cannot  h  and  to  confefs  that  lami^no* 
ranty  of  what  I  do  not  know.  This  I  (hall 
not  onely  be  ever  ready  to  do  my  felf,  but  to 
account  it  in  others  a  learned  ignorance. 

(99)P«g.55;.  ^ 

(100)  Mifai  liccat  ftej^are  pom,  qnod  ndn  potero ;  et  ik* 
teri  ncfcire,  quod  nefeiiun.    Itk*  %• 


XX. 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE   DRUinS.  iij 

XX.  BUT,  My  Lord,  before  I  take  my 
intended  journey,  I  defire  the  favour  of  having 
your  thoughts  upon  my  next  example.  I  fpeak 
of  a  couple  of  inftances,  really  parallel }  brought 
here  together  from  parts  of  the  world  no  Icfs 
diftant  in  their  fituation  and  climates,  than  dif- 
ferent in  their  condition  and  manners.  Egypt, 
I  mean,  and  the  lies  of  Scotland.     Yet  this 
they  have  in  common,  that  Egypt,  once  the 
mother  of  all  arts  and  fciences,  is  now  as  ig- 
norant of  her  own  monuments,  and  as  fabu- 
lous in  the  accounts  of  them,  as  any  High- 
landers can  be  about  theirs.     Such  changes 
however  are  as  nothing  in  the  numbcrlefs  re* 
volutions  of  ages.     But  to  our  fubjeft.     He-\ 
RODOTUS  fays,  in  the  fecond  Book  of  his  Hi- 
fioryy  that  near  to  the  entry  of  the  magnifi- 
cent Temple  of  Minerva  at  Sais  in  Egypt 
(of  which  he  fpeaks  with  admiration)  he  law 
an  edifice  21  cubits  in  length,  14  in  breadth, 
and  8  in  heigth,   the  whole  confifting  onely 
of  one  ftone  5  and  that  it  was  brought  thither 
by  fea,  from  a  place  about  20  days  failing 
from  Sais.    This  is  my  firft  inftance.     And, 
parallel  to  it,  all  thofe  who  have  been  in  Hoy, 
one  of  the  Orkneys,  do  aflSrm  (without  citing, 
or  many  of  them  knowing  this  paflagc  of 
Herodotus)  that  there  lies  on  a  barren  heath 
in  this  Hand  an  oblong  ftone,  in  a  valley  be* 
twcen  two  moderate  hills;   calFd  I  iupppfe 
antiphraftically,  or  by  way  of  contraries,  the 
DWARFY^STONE.     It  is  3 «  foot  long. 

Ha  If 

Digitized  by  God^tC 


116  THE    HISTORY 

1 8  foot  broad,  and  9  foot  high.  No  other 
ftones  arc  near  it.  Tis  ail  hollowed  within, 
or  (as  we  may  fay)  fcoop'd  by  human  art  and 
induftry,  having  a  door  on  the  eaft  fide  2  foot 
fquarc ;  with  a  ftonc  of  the  fame  dimenfioh 
lying  about  two  foot  from  it,  which  was  in- 
tended no  doubt  to  clofe  this  entrance.  With- 
in there  is,  at  the  fouth  end  of  it,  cut  out  the 
form  of  a  bed  and  pillow,  capable  to  hold 
two  perfons :  as,  at  the  north  end,  there  is 
another  bed,  Dr. Wallace  fays  a  couch,  both 
very  neatly  done.  Above,  at  an  equal  diftancc 
from  both,  is  a  large  round  hole :  which  is 
fuppos'd,  not  onely  to  have  been  defign'd  for 
letting  in  of  light  and  air,  when  the  door  was 
fhut  5  but  likewife  for  letting  out'  of  fmokc 
from  the  fire,  for  which  there  is  a  place  made 
in  the  middle  between  the  two  beds.  The 
marks  of  the  workman's  tool  appear  eveiy 
where  i  and  the  tradition  of  the  vulgar  is, 
that  a  Giant  and  his  wife  had  this  ftone  for 
their  habitation :  tho  the  door  alone  deftroys 
this  fancy,  which  is  wholly  groundlcfs  every 
way  befides.  Dr.  Wallace  thinks  it  might 
be  the  refidence  of  a  Hermit,  but  it  appears 
this  Hermit  did  not  defign  to  ly  always  by 
iiimfclf.  Juft  by  it  is  a  clear  and  pleafant 
fpring,  for  tlie  ufe  of  the  inhabitant.  I  wifli 
it  were  in  Surfey,  that  I  might  make  it  a  fum- 
iiier  ftudy.  As  to  the  original  defign  of  this 
monument,  men  are  by  nature  curious  enough 
to  know  the  caufes  of  things,  but  they  arc 
not  |)atieilt  enough  in  their  fearch  :  and  fo 

d  by  Google   y^^^ 


Digitized  b 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  117. 

yill  rather  allign  any  caufe,  tho  ever  Co  ab- 
^ird;  than  fufpend  their  judgements,  till  they 
difcDver  the  true  caufe,  which  yet  in  this  pc\r- 
ticular  I  am  refolv'd  to  do. 

XXI.  N  O  W,  My  Lord,  imagin?  what  you 
plcafe  about  the  religious  or  civil  ufe  of  this 
fto.rxe,:my  difficulty  to  yourLordfhip  is  5  how 
they  .were  able  to  accomplifh  this  piece  of 
Architedurej  among  the  reft  that  I  hav^  men- 
tioned, in  thofe  remote,  barren,  and  unculti- 
vated' Hands  >   An4  how  fuclf^prodigious  Obcr 
lifcs  cou  d  be  ereded  there,  ;io  leis  than  in 
the  other  parts  of  Britain,  and  in  Ireland  ?  for , 
which  we  have  fcarce  any  fufficient  machines, 
in  this  time  of  Learning  and  Politenefs.  Thefe 
^  monuments  of  every  kind,  efpecially  the  Forts 
andrthe  Obclifcs,  induced  Hector  Boethius; 
to  tell  ftrangc  ftories  of  the  Egyptians  having 
been  there  in  the  reign  of  Mainus  King  of 
Scotland :  nor  do  they  a  little  confirm  the  no- 
tion, which  fome  both  of  the  Irifli  and  Alba-r 
nian  Scots  have  about  their  Egyptian,  inftead 
of  a  Scythian,   or  (as  I  fhall  evince)  a  Celtic 
original  j  tho  I  aflign  more  immediately  a  Brit- 
tifli  for  the  Irifh,  and  an  Irifli  extradion  for 
the  Scots.     Nor  is  there  any  thing  more  ri- 
diculous than  what  they  relate  of  their  Egyp- 
tian ftocki    except  what  the  Britons  fable  a- 
bout  their  Trojan  anceftors.  Yet  a  reafonthcrp 
is,  why  they  harp  fo  much  upon  Egyptians  aHd 
Spaniards  :    but  altogether  mifunderftood   or 
unobferv'd  by  writers.     But,  not  to  forget  our 
'  H  3  Monu- 


Digitized 


by  Google 


ii8  THE  HISTORY,  &c. 

Monuments,  you  will  not  fay  (what,  tho  pof- 
iiblc,  appears  improbable)  that,  according  to 
the  ceaQefs  viciintude  of  things,  there  was  a 
time,  when  the  inhabitants  of  thefe  Hands 
were  as  learned  and  knowing,  as  the  prefent 
Egyptians  and  the  Highlanders  are  ignorant. 
But  fay  what  you  will,  it  cannot  fail  diffufing 
light  on  the  fubjed  5  and  to  improve,  if  not 
intirely  to  fatisfy,  the  Inquhrer.  The  He 
of  MAN,  as  I  faid  above,  does  no  lefs  a- 
bound  in  thefe  Monuments  of  all  forts,  than 
any  of  the  places  we  have  nam'd  5  and  there-* 
fore  fure  to  be  vifited,  and  all  its  ancient  rc^ 
mains  to  be  examined,  by. 


My  Lord, 


j^y  ,^  Your  Lordfliip*s  moft 

4718/  oblig'd  and  very 

humble  S^rvati^ 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


(   119  ) 


THE 

THIRD    LETTER; 

TO 

The  RiQHT  Honourable 

THE    LORD 
VISCQU^T    MQLESWORT^, 


TAKE  the  Liberty  (Mr 
L  o  i\  d)  tp  tpoblc  you  a  third 
time  i^ith  thq  gompany  of  the 
D  R  U  i  D  S  j  who,  like  other 
Priefts,  ¥efoirt  always  to  the 
plaQC  w|\c?^,thc  Iseft  intertain- 
ipjoxt  is  to  b^  found :  and  yet  I  mi^  needs 
own,,  it  d€t<^ates  much  froi\i  the  merit  of 
their  vifiti  that,  in  the  quali«-y  of  Plailoibghcr* 
Ji;hcy  know  not  where  to  id  a  heartier  wcl- 
9901  thaji  in  your  Lordfh    '&  ftudy,     Tlio  I 

have 

Digitized  by  L^OOQIC 


120  THE    HISTORY 

have  very  paL'ticuIady  explained  the  plan  of  my 
Hiftory  of  the  Druids j  in  the  two  laft  Let- 
ters 1  did  my  fclf  the  honor  to  fend  you  on 
this  fubjedj  yet  the  work  being  confiderably 
largCj  and  containing  great  variety  of  matter,  I 
have  ftill  Ibmthingto  impart,  in  order  to  give 
the  clearer  idea  of  my  dcfign.  And  it  is,  that, 
befides  the  citations  of  authors,  indiipcnfably 
requifite  in  proving  matters  of  fad  newly  ad- 
vanc'd,  or  in  deciding  of  antient  doubts  and 
controverfies  (riot  to  fpeak  of  {lw:h  as  come  in 
by  way  of  ornament,  or  that  a  writer  modeft- 
ly  prefers  to  his  own  expreflions)  I  have  fom- 
times  occafion  to  touch  upon  paffages,  which, 
tho  \  qouM  eaiUy  abri4s^x  f?  ^oedpd  but  tyarc- 
ly  hint  with  relation  to  the  purpofe  for  which 
I  produce  them]:  .yet  being;  in  themfelves  ei- 
ther very  curious  and  inftruftive,  ^or  lying  in 
bdoks  that  comc^  into  few  peopled  hands,  I 
chufe  to  give  them  in  my  Hiftory  intire.  This 
method  I  have  learnt  from  my  beft  mafters  a- 
n^ong  the  antients,  who  pra£li:iUit  with  much 
fucdefs  5  th6^.1ife:6^thtm,  I  ule  itvi::ry  fparing^ 
i)^:""  One 'or  tx^d^^ii^dhces  yojill  not  befbarry 
to'fcc/  the^i^5:^^K<b?tion  I  have  given,  in  the 
I  Uh  fediori'Of  w/^fi^^  of  OGMltJS, 

tRe  arltierit  Ga^^^  of  HercIS'les,   I. am 

no'icft  cei'tain'yoil'ao  not  forget,,  than  that 
you  ierheriiber  1  promis'd  t6'Vak&  iii  oi)p6rtu- 
nit^'  of  fehdirig  you  the  whole  pi'ete  j  which 
I  have  thils  tranflated  from  the  oi^iginal  Greec, 
wath  the  utmoft' acctrracy.     Tbe  Gauls j   fays 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  121 

(i)  LuCiAN,  call  Hercules  in  their  country 
language  OGMIUS.  But  they  reprejent  the 
figure  of  this  God  in  a  very  unufuat manner. 
With  them  he  is  a  decrepit  old  man^  baldbe- 
fore,  his  beard  extremely  gr ay  y  as  are  the  few 
other  hairs  he  has  remaining.  His  skin  is 
wrinkl'dy  funburnt-,  and  of  fuch  ajwarthy 
hue  as  that  of  old  mariners  ;  fa  that  you 
wou'd  take  him  to  be  Charon,  or  fome  1a- 
FETus from  the  netherm&fi  hell^  or  anything 
rather  than  Hercules,  But  tbo  he  be  fucfj 
thus  far^  yet  he  has  withall  the  Habit  of 
Hercules  i  being  clad  in  the  skin  of  a  LioUy 
holding  a  Club  in  his  right  hand^  a  ^iver 
hanging  from  his  Jhouiders,  and  a  bent  Bow 
in  his  left  hand.  Upon  the  whale  it  is  Her- 
CULES,  /  u:as  of  opinion  that  all  thefe  things 
were  per^erfely  done,  in  di^onor  of  the  Gre- 
cian Gods,  by  the  Gauls  to  the  piBure  of 
Hercules:  revenging  themfelves  upon  him 
by  fuch  a  reprefentation,  for  having  formerly 
over-run  their  country  j,  and  driving  a  Trey 
out  of  it  i  as  he  kvds  feeking  after  the  herd 
of  GeryoNj  at  "Which  time  he  made  incur* 
pons  intp  pioji  of  the  wejler7i  nafipnS.]  But 
I  have  not  yet  told,  what  is  mofi  odd  and 
flrangeinthis  piEture\  for  this  ^/i^  Hercules 
draws  after  him  a  vajt  multitude  of  men,  all 
tyd  by  their  Ears,  The  cords  by  ^which  he 
doe^  this  are  fmall  fine  Chains y  arfificially 

(l)  Tov  *Hpd(KAc«  hi  KtXTort  OTMION  ovofiaXovfft  ^^in  Tin  «x>_ 

xupt<f)^  etq^eiequuQtur  inHERCVL£  GaWco.:  Gr^ecA  eteniin 
loDgiora  funt,  quam  ut  hic  commode  inferi  poQjfit 

made 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


122  THE  HISTORY 

tnade  of  gold  and  eleSirutn^  like  to  mofl  beaji-^ 
tiful  bracelets.  And  tho  the  men  are  drawn 
by  fuch  fiercer  bonds ^  yet  none  of  'em  thinks 
of  breaking  loofe,  when  they  might  eajily  do 
fts  neither  do  they  fir ive  in  the  kafi  to  the 
fontrary^  or  ftruggle  with  their  feet  ^  leaning 
back  with  all  their  might  againjl  their  Lea- 
der :  but  they  gladly  and  cheerfully  follow , 
fraijing  him  that  draws  them  s  allje^ming 
in  haficy  ar^d  dejirous  to  get  before  each  other  ^ 
holding  uf  the  chains^  as  if  they  pj&uld  be 
very  jorry  to  be  fet  free.  Nor  ^iil  I  grudge 
telling  hercy  what  ofallthefe  matters  appeafd 
the  moft  abfurd  to  me.  the  fainter  finding 
no  place  where  to  fxtheepctreme  links  of  the 
ChainSy  the  right  hand  being  ocatpfd  with 
fi  Club^  and  me  leff  with  a  Bouj^  he  made 
a  hole  in  the  tip  pf  the  Gods  tongue^  (who 
turns  fmiling  towards  thofe  he  leads)  and 
painted  them  as  drawn  from  thence.  I JooUd 
fipon  the fe:  things  a  great  while y  fonietimes 
jadmirjng^  fometimes  doubt ingy  and pimefimes 
^hafim  mth  indignation.  But  a  certain  (^.4iil 
whoftfwdbyy  <rtot  ignorant  of  ^^^^  j^ffirsp  as 
he  fhowdby  JjpeaUrig  Qnec  in  perfect  ton  ^be- 
Jf^  <>m^theThilof(^herSy  If^ppoff^fw 
naticnf)  faidy  TU  explain  to  youy  Ofirdnger^ 
\the  gnJigm^  of  this  ph^ure^  for  it  ftemsnot^ 
little  to  d^urb  you.  We  Gauls  do  not  fup- 
pofcyosyou  Greecsy  that  Me^rcury  is 
SPEECH  or  Eloquence  s  but  we  attribute  it  to 
lli£.KCVhis,s,becauJe  he" s  far  fuperior  inftrengtb 
to  Mscuftr.    ^orit  winder ^  that  he'trepre^ 

fentett 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF    THE    DRUIDS.        123 

pnted as  an  oldman:  for  SPEECH  aUme 
loves  to  fhow  its  utmafi  vigor  in  old  age^  if 
your  &wn  Toetsjppak  true. 

AUymmg  tnerCs  breafts  are  with  thick  dark^ 

nefs  fittd: 
But  age  experienced  has  much  more  to  fay  ^ 
More  wife  and  learned^  than  rude  untaught 

youth. 

ThuSy  among  your  f elves ^  hony  drops  from 
i^ESTOR's  tongue  I  and  the  Trojan  Orators 
emit  a  certain  voice  cattd  Lirioeffa,  that  is^ 
a  florid  Q)cech5  f&r^  if  I  remember  rights 
flowers  are  cattd  Liria.  Kow  that  Heucules^, 
^  S  P  E  EC  H,  fbou'ddraw  men  af(er  him  tfd 
by  their  Ears  to  his  Tongue y  wiltbenocoMfe 
of  admiration  to  you  3  when  you  conjider  the 
near  affinity  of  the  Tongue  with  the  Ears. 
Nor  is  his  Tongue  contumelioujfy  bor'd:  for 
1  remember  y  faid  he y  to  hanje  tearnt  certain 
Iambics  out  of  your  own  Comedians^  one  of 
which  faysy 

.  Thetipsof  all  Crater's  tongues  are  hr*d. 

"^And finally  y  as  for  us y  we  are  of  opinio,  that 
Hercules  accomplijh'd  Mil  his  atchievments 
by  SPEECHj  andy  that  having  been  awife 
ipany  he  conquer d  moftly  by  perfuafion:  wo 
think  his  arrows  were  keen  ReafbnSy  eafify 
jfboty  quicky  and  penetrating  the  fmUafnten$ 
^hence  you  have^  among  you^  the  expreffi&m 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  t 


154  THE    HISTORY    . 

of  wing'd  words.  Hitherto  fpoke  the  GauU 
jrom  this  ingenious  pifture  Lucian  draws  tq 
himfclf  an  argument  of  Confolation  :  that 
the  ftudy  and  profeflion  of  Eloquence  was  hot 
unbecoming  him  in  his,  old  age,  being  rather 
more  fit  than  ever  to  teach  the  Belles  Leitres  j 
when  his  flock  of  knowlege  was  moft  com- 
plete, as  his  Speech  was  more  copious^  po^ 
Jifh'd,  and  mature,  than  formerly. 

11.  ASjipy  -firft  inftance  is  furnifh'd  by  ^ 
man,  who,  foji^  his  Eloquence  and  love  of  Li- 
berty (qualities  ,no  \^^%  confpicuous  in  ybuf 
Lprdn[iip)  dcferv'd  to  hav,c  his  memory  ionfe- 
crated  to  Immortality,  which  was  all  that  the 
wifcft  of .  the  ancients  linderftood  by  rn^iking 
any  one  a  God.;  fo  my  fecond  inftancfe  ihall 
be;  taken  from  a  woman,  whofe  fraiJfy  dnd' 
pcrfidioufi^cfs  will  ferve  as  a  foil  to  thofe  learn- 
ed Drui4c0cs,  aiid  other  illuftrious  Her<)ine?, 
>(hich  I  frequently  mentiofi.in  my  If^Jloff. 
Xifitro^wc^S^t  in  a  paflfage  l^ave  occafionto 
allege,  wlien  I  am  proving,  that  wherever. the 
Gauls  or  Britons  are  in  any  old  author  iimply 
fajW  ^to  offei^  focriiicc  (witljput  any  further  jqir- 
cumftances  addfd)  this  rieVerthelefs  is^untfcr- 
%od  to  b?  done  by  the  miniftry  of  the  Drti- 
ifis  J  it  hayixig  hyenas  unlawful  for  any  of  the 
Celtic  natio^  tq  (acrificei  oriierwife,  as  it!  wslsf 
i^  the  Jews  todo fo  without  their Priefti  and* 
^.cvites..    The  J)rui4s^  i^ys  (2)  Julius  Gae- 

i  (i>  IlU.f^)Osy]hit)|^  iQterfuDtf  facrificia  pi^icii  ac  pr|- 

Sta  procurant,  f eligioocs  interpretantur.     Ve  Bel!^GiiWc9, 
.  6.  cap^  12.   '     ^  .      \  -.     .    *' 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE   t>RUlt)S.  lis 

IJAR,  perform  divine  fervice^  they  ojfer  the 
public  and  private  facrificesj  they  interpret 
religious  obfervances :  and  even  when  parti- 
cular perfbns  wou'd  propitiate  the  Gods,  for 
the  continuing  or  reftoring  of  their  Health  5 
they  make  ufe  of  the  "Druids y  adds  he  (3),  to 
offer  thofe  facrifices.  'Tis  the  eftabliflfd  cuf 
torn  of  the  Gauls ^  fays  (4)  Diodorus  Sicir- 
LXJs,  to  offer  no  facrifice  without  a  Vhilofo- 
pheVy  which  is  to  fay,  a  Druid :  and  Strabo 
fo  cxpreffes  it,  affirming,  that  (5)  they  never 
facrifice  without  the  Druids.  Tiiis  unanfwer- 
able  proof  being  premised,  now  follows  one 
of  the  paflages,  wherein  a  Gaul  being  faid  lim- 
ply to  facrifiee,  I  think  fit  to  relate  the  whole 
ftory-  Tis  the  eigth  of  Parthenius  of  Ni- 
cea's  Love-fiorieSj  related  before  him  (as  he 
fays)  in  the  firft  book  of  the  Hiftory  written 
by  Aristodemus  of  Nyfa^  now  loft.  This 
Parthenius  addreffes  his  book  to  Corneli- 
us Callus,  for  whofe  ufe  he  wrote  it,  being 
the  fame  to  whom  Virgil  infcrib'd  his  tenth 
Eclo£.  The  ftory  runs  thus.  When  (6)  the 
Gams  had  made  an  incurfion  into  lonia^  and 
fackd  mofi:  of  the  cities y  the  Thefmophorian 
feftival  was  celebrated  at  Miletus ;  which 
occafioning  all  the  women  to  affemble  together 

(0  Admimftrifque  ad  eafacrificia  Druidibus  utuntur. 

(4)  E^««  J  tfUTOiC  tqis  fWiJfva  fiyff/av  Toitiv  av«u  $<Aotfo4>ov.   hih*  5. 
ffig*  308.  'EJ^iU  B4nov> 

(5)  Edvov  ii  evK  Jtvfv  ^pvt^ow.    Lrh,  4.  fa^.  JO 3*  Edit*  Amjle\ 

(6)  'Ort  ^f  it  TaAcurcu  Mtrtdpofiev  ^v  Iwiav^  et  qxktC  fequur* 
tur. 


Digitized 


byGd^gle 


116  THE  HISTORY 

in  the  Temple j  that  was  not  far  from  th^ 
city :  part  of  the  Barbarian  armjt^  which  fe- 
parated  from  the  reft^  made  an  irntpti^n  into 
the  Milejian  territory  j  and  feiz^d  ipon  thofe 
women  s  whom  the  Milefians  were  forced  to 
ranfom^  giving  in  exchange  a  great  fum  ef 
gold  and  Jilver.  Tet  the  Barbarians  took  fame 
of  them  away  for  domeftic  ufcj  among  whom 
was  Erippe  (7)  the  wife  of  Xanthu8(4  man 
of  the  fir  ft  rank  and  birth  in  Miletns)  lea^i^g 
behind  her  a  boy  onely  two  years  olde.  Now 
Xanthus  pajfionately  loving  his  wifcy  turrid 
part  of  his  fubfiance  irao  money  y  and  having 
amafs'd  a  thoufand  pieces  of  gold j  he  crofsd 
over  with  the  fooneft  into  Italy  ^  whence  be- 
ing guided  by  fome  whom  he  had  intertaitid 
in  Greece  J  he  came  to  MarfeilleSy  and  fo  into 
Gaule.  Then  he  went  to  the  houfe  where  his 
wife  was^  belonging  to  a  man  of  thegreateft 
authority  among  tm  Gaulsy  and  intreated  to 
be  lod^d  there :  whereupon  thofe  of  the  fa- 
mily y  according  to  that  nations  ufual  Hojpi- 
talityy  cheerfully  receiving  himy  he  went  in 
and  f aw  his  wife  $  who  running  to  him  with 
open  armsy  very  lovingly  led  him  to  his  apart- 
ment. Cavara  (8)  the  Gauly  who  had  been 
abroady  returnimfoon  after y  Erippe  acquaint- 
ed him  with  the  arrival  of  her  Husband  i 
and  that  it  was  for  her  fake  he  came^  brin^- 

(7)  Aristodemus  ctlls  her  Gythtmia. 
rS)  So  he^s  niim'd  by  Aristodemus  :  and  it  is  CO  thif  dny 
a  common  name  in  Ireland.    (M.  Jl9  far  ^imwHim  (Shans 

'  in£ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DkUIDS^  1117 

ing  with  him  the  price  of  her  redemptim. 
iHoe  Qmlextoltd  the  generofity  of  Xanthus, 
and  jf  rait  inviting  federal  of  his  own  friends 
and  nearefi  relations^  hoff  it  ably  treated  him  % 
making  a  feafi  on  ^urpojej  and  placing  his 
wife  ly  his  fide:  then  asking  him  by  an  in- 
terpYeter  wmi  his  whole  eftate  was  worthy 
dnd)^ki^TWJs  anfwering  a  thoufand pieces  of 
golds  the  Barbarian  order'd  him  to  divide 
thai  jfum  into  four  parts y  whereof  he  Jhould 
take  back  three  ^  one  for  himfelf  one  for  his 
wife\  and  one  for  his  little  fon^  but  that  he 
fyoud  leave  him  the  fourth  for  his  wife's  ran- 
fom.  When  they  went  to  bedy  his  wife  hea- 
vily chid  Xanthus,  as  not  having  fo  great 
ajum  of  gold  to  pay  the  Barbarian  5  and 
that  he  was  in  danger ^  if  he  could  not  ful- 
fill his  promife.  He  told  her  y  that  he  had 
j/et  a  thoufand  pieces  more  hid  in  the  fhoos 
of  his  ferv ants ;  for  that  he  did  not  expeii 
to  find  any  Barbarian  fo  equitable^  believing 
her  ranfom  wou'd  have  cofl  him  much  more. 
Next  day  the  wife  informed  the  Gaul  what 
a  great  fum  of  gold  there  wasy  and  bids  him 
kiu  XAnthus  i  affuring  him^  that  fhe  lov'd 
him  better  than  her  country  orherchildj  and 
that  fhe  mortally  hated  Xanthus.  Cav ar a 
took  no  delight  in  this  declaration^  and  re- 
folvd  in  his  own  mind  from  that  moment 
topunifb  her.  'Now  when  Xanthus  was  in 
hajie  to^  depart ^  the  Gaul  very  kindly  permit-^ 
ted  it y  going  with  him  part  of  the  way^  and 
leadif^  Erippe.     fHjen  the  Barbarian  had 

ac^ 

by  Google 


Digitized  b 


128  THE    HISTORY 

accompany d  them  as  far  as  the  mountains' 
of  Gauky  he  faidj  thaty  before  they  parted^ 
he  was  mithdedto  offer  a  facrifice  5  and  hav- 
ing adorrid  the  viBimy  he  dejtfd  Erippe  to 
lay  hold  of  it:  which  fhe  doing,  as  at  other 
times  Jbe  was  accujiom^dy  he  brandiJVd  his 
Cword  at  her,  ran  her  thrOy  and  cut  off  her 
headh  but  prafd  Xanthus  not  to  be  at  all 
concern  dy  difcovering  her  treachery  to  him, 
and  permitting  him  to  take  away  all  his 
Gold.  Tis  no  more  hence  to  be  concluded^ 
becaufe  no  Druid  is  mentioned,  that  Cavara 
ofFcr'd  this  facrifice  without  the  miniftry  of  one 
or  more  fuch  (unlcfs  he  was  of  their  number 
himfelf,  which  is  not  improbable)  than  that 
a  man  of  his  quality  was  attended  by  no  fer- 
vants,  becaufe  they  are  not  fpecially  men- 
tion d  5  for  ordinary,  as  well  as  neceflary  cir- 
cumftances,  are  ever  fuppos'd  by  good  writers, 
where  there  is  not  fome  peculiar  occafion  of 
inferring  them. 

III.  IN  my  third  inftance  I  return  agamto 
Hercules,  of  whom  a  ftory  is  told  in  the 
fame  book,  whence  we  had  the  laft  5  which, 
thoTclated  and  recommended  by  the  author 
as  a  good  argument  for  a  Poem,  affords  how- 
ever no  fmall  illuftration,  to  what  I  maintain 
by  much  more  pofitive  proofs,  viz.  that  Great 
Britain  was  denominated  from  the  province 
of  Britain  in  GaulCy  ana  that  from  Gaule 
the  original  inhabitants  of  all  the  Brittijb 
Hands  {I  mean  thofe  of  Cesar's  time)  arede- 

fcended. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  izg 

ftended.  Liften  fqt  a  moment  to  Parthe^'" 
NiUS;  'Tis  (9)  /aid  that  Hercules,  as  he 
dtnove  away  f rem  (10)  Erythia  tm  oxen  of 
Geryon,  had  penetrated  into  the  region  of 
the  Gauhy  and  that  he  came  as  far  as  Bre- 
TANNUSj  who  had  a  daughter  caltd  Celti* 
NA.  This  young  woman  falling  in  love  with 
Hercules,  hid  his  oxen  j  and  woud  not  re^ 
ftore  themy  till  he  jbou'd  injoy  her  firft.  Now 
Hercules  being  dejtrous  to  recover  his  oxen^ 
*^d  much  more  admiring  the  beauty  of  the 
maidy  he  lay  with  her  j  and  in  due  time  was 
born  to  them  afon  nam'd CiE^hrvs (ii)y  from 
whom  the  Celts  are  fo  denominated.  Many 
of  the  antient  writers  mention  the  incurfioil 
of  Hercules  into  Gaule,  when  he  made  war 
againft  Geryon  in  Spain  $  which  the  judicious 
DiodOrus  Siculus  fhows  to  have  been  at 
the  head  of  a  powerful  Army-j  not  with  his 
bare  Club  and  Bow,  as  the  Poets  feign  5  and 
that  it  was  he  who  built  the  fortrefs  of  Alexia^ 
whereof  the  Siege,  many  ages  after  by  Juli- 
us Cesar,  became  fo  famous.  Diodorus 
iikcwife  tells  this  very  ftory  of  Parthenius, 
but  without  naming  Bretannus  or  Celtina^ 

(^)  Aiytrat  ii  neu  ^HptXKAf «,  ffi  clt  Epu0*xa^  tttq  r>jpi>ovov  ^w^ 
tifayiv,  aAtoiLtvov  Zta  ry\<;  KvArtfv  xeapo^,  cU^iMchcu  va^ci  Bpfrawoy. 
-Srea  Zi  apa,  vvapxtiv  ^vyecrspcLy  KcArivifv  ovofJM  :  ravnjv  St,  ipacbif 
kwt  -row  'HpaxAfw^,  Kurattpv^cLt  ^aq  |3ot;^  %  fAvi  ^gxttv  t$  amiovvck,  tt 
ijLtj  Tpiirtpoy  avTPi  fjuxvifivat  i  tov  li  HpaxA^at,  ro  jxi v  toi  kat  ra^  Sow 
ftTfiyofuvov  etvAita^ac^at  3  toXv  (uucAAov  to  it«AAc$  iKTAayt^ra  rm 
Jiopifc,  cvyy ivicBai  aonni  uat  avrot^y  xpo}fw  TiptijitovToq,  yfviff6«i 
vaiZa  Kjatov,  a^*  6v  >«  KfAroi  Tpfl^yopft;6>jtf«».    €s^»  8** 

(10)  jIoSv  Cadi7:» 

(11)  Gallvs,  Galli. 

Vol.  h  I  Ht 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


no  THE   HISTORY 

He  oncly  fays  (12),  '^  a  certain  illuftrious  min, 
"  that  governed  a  Province  in  Gaule,  had  a 
"  daughter  exceeding  the  reft  of  her  fex,  in 
*'  ftature  and  beauty  :  who,  tho  defpifing  all 
"  that  made  court  to  her,  being  df  a  very  high 
"  fpirit,  yet  fell  in  love  with  Hercules, 
"  whofe  coura[;e  and  niajeftic  pcrfon  fhegreat- 
*^  ly  admir'd.  With  her  parent's  confentfhe 
^^  came  to  a  right  underftanding  with  this  hero, 
^^  who  bcL! pt  on  her  a  fon,  not  unworthy  the 
"  pair  from  whom  he  fprung,  either  in  hodf 
"  or  mind.  He  wascairdGALATES  (i3),fac- 
'^  cccded  his  grandfather  in  the  governiilent  5 
"  and,  becoming  renowned  for  his  valor,  hiis 
^'  fubjefts  were  cail'd  Galatians  (14)  after  his 
**  name,  as  the  whole  country  it:  {c\f  Galatia 
"  (15)/'  This  is  plainly  the  fame  ftory,  onely 
that  one  writer  fupplies  us  with  the  names, 
which  the  other  omits  i  and  Ar'morican  Bri- 
tain being  probably  the  Province,  wherein 
Bretannus  rul'd  (fince  we  find  it  infinuated, 
that  Hercules  had  penetrated  far  to  come  to 
him)  'tis  ftill  more  than  probable,  that  it  was 
denominated  from  him :  as  I  ftiall  prove  be- 
yond the  poflibility  of  contradidion,  that  out 
Britain  had  its  name  from  that  of  Gaule,  as 

(12)  Tm^  KcAr/KHc  To/vuv  ^0  T^cAaiov,  (o^^etciv,  i^vvaqivff$v  gvt* 
^cLviq  av*ipi  ^  Bvyar sp  tysviro  &c.  '"^-^fxixfiaca  ^s  r^  'HpanAti  «ycy- 

«a#it  TaXarta  irpoo-jjyopiudif.       Lib,  4*  $ag*  303, 
C13)  Galx-Us* 

(14)  GaUi. 

(15)  GaWa. 

New 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  131 

New  England  has  from  the  Old.  Hesychi- 
us,  in  the  word  Bret  annus,  is  of  the 
fame  opinion  with  i^ne.  So  is  Dionysius 
(16)  Periegetes,  withhis  Commentator  (17) 
EusTATHius!  and  I  am  not  a  little  counte- 
nanc'd  by  Pliny  the  elder,  who  places  (18) 
Britons  on  the  maritim  coafts  of  Gaule  over 
againft  Great  Britain.  But  I  have  more  evi- 
dence ftill.  To  fay  nothing  at  prefent  of  Ce- 
sar fo  many  ages  before  Eustathius,  Taci- 
tus likewife  among  the  (19)  antients,  Eeda 
among  thofe  of  the  middle  (20)  ages,  and 
fome  of  the  moft  celebrated  modern  writers, 
are  as  exprefs  as  words  can  poflibly  make  any 
thing,  that  Britain  was  peopled  from  Gaule. 
Nor  is  the  epithet  of  Great,  added  to  our 
Britain,  any  more  an  objection  to  this  afler- 
tion ;  than  the  coaft  of  Italy,  formerly  call'd 
Magna  Graecia,   cou'd  be  made  the  mother 

^I(J)  '  ■'■'    ■'"■■  ■"■ Ev6a   BptTCLvoty  \ 

AivKX  rt  (^v^cL  ys/xovT«i  apuiiXLvitav  Tepfiavtav. 

Ver.    2S4. 

(17^  T«v  J«  Bptrlavtov  ravTwv  vapuwfjioty  dt  avrtvepav  BpsTja- 

(,18)  A  Scaldi  incolunt  extcra  Toxandri  pluribus  nomini- 
bus  :  deinde  Menapij,  Morini,  Oromanfaci  junfti  Pago  qui 
Gefforiacus  vocatur  :  *  BRITANNI,  Ambiani,  Bellovaci, 
Haffi.  Nat.  Hip.  lib.  4,  cap.  i-j. 

(19)  In  umverfum  tamen  aeftimanti,  Gallos  vicinum  fo- 
luin  occupafle  crcdibile  eft :  eorum  facra  deprehendas,  fu- 
pcrftitionum  perfuafione :  Scrmo  baud  multum  diverfus, 
&c«    Vit.  Agfic.  cap.  II. 

(20)  Haec  Tnfula  Britones  folum,  a  q^uibus  nomen  ac- 
cepic,  incolas  habuit ;  qui  de  traSu  Armoricano,  ut  fertur, 
Bricanniam  adve£U,  auftrales  iibi  partes  illius  viDdicarunr. 
Hf/*  EccUf.  lib.  I.  cap,  I. 

*  In  ^mbif<Un)  C9cenipl«jributt  fed  perper«my    Briannu 

I  z  cotmtrv  . 

^    Digitized  by  LjOOgle 


X 


1J2         TH£  History 

country  of  Greece^  when  the  cities  of  ttat 
coaft  were  all  Colonics  from  thence:  belidcs 
that  Great  Britain  was  antiently  fo  call'd  with 
rcfped:  to  Irelandy  which  (before  the  fable  of 
the  Welfti  colony  in  Gaule  was  invented)  is 
caird  Little  Britain^  as  you'll  fee  anon.  Thcfc 
difquifitions  come  not  into  the  Hijiory  of  the 
Druids,  but  into  the  annext  ^ijfertation  con* 
cerning  the  Celtic  Language  and  Colonies. 
There  you'll  fee  the  folly  of  deriving  Britain 
from  the  fabulous  Irilh  Hero  Briotan,  or  from 
the  no  lefs  imaginary  Brutus  the  Trojan  5  nor 
is  the  word  originally  Pridcain,  TrjftaniOj 
Bridaniay  or  dcfcended  from  either  Phenid- 
an,  or  Scandinavian,  or  Dutch,  or  even  any 
Brittifh  words.  The  infular  Britons,  like  other 
Colonics,  were  long  governed  by  thofe  on  tlic 
continent  5  and  by  the  neigboring  Provinces, 
who  joined  in  making  fettlements  here.  It 
was  fo  even  as  low  down  as  a  little  before 
Julius  Cesar's  conqueft  5  in  whofc  (21)  Conh 
fnentaries  it  is  recorded,  that  thofe  of  Soijfons 
had  within  their  memory  (fay  the  ambafladors 
of  Rheims  to  him)  Divitiacus  (22)  for  their 
King  J  the  moft  potent  "Prince  of  all  Gaule :  who 
fwafd  the  fcepter,  not  onely  of  a  great  part 
of  thofe  regions y  but  alfo  of  Britain.  In 
the   fame  u)iJfertationy  after   exploding  the 

(21)  Sueflbncs  efle  fuos  finitimos^  latiiSmos  feradfiffimof- 
^ue  agros  pofSdere  :  apud  eos  fuiflc  Regem  noftra  etitm 
nnemotia  Divitiacum,  cetius  Galliae  potentiffittium ;  quit 
cum  magnae  partis  harum  regionuni|  turn  eciam  BritftBiiite 
imperium  obtinucrit.    De  Bella  GalUco^  lib.  2^  cap.  44 

(2t)  DiflFerent  from  Divitiacus  the  Eduan  or  Burganditn* 

Welft 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  133 

Wclfh  fable  about  Britain  in  France,  you'll 
read  as  pofitive  proofs,  that  the  ancient  Irifli,  not 
one  of  their  Colonies  excepted  (the  Nemc- 
tes;,  the  Firbolgs,  the  Danannans,  and  the  Mile- 
Hans)  were  all  from  Gaule  and  Great  Britain ; 
whofe  language,  religion^^  cuftoms,  laws  and 
government,  proper  names  of  men  and  places, 
they  conftantly  did  and  do  ftill  ufe  :   whereas 
(to  forbear  at  prefent  all  other  arguments)  not 
one  fingle  word  of  the  Irifh  tongue  agrees  with 
the  Cantabrian  or  Bifcaian,  which  is  the  true 
old  Spanilh  5  the  prefent  idiom  being  a  mix- 
ture of  Latin,  Gothic,  and  Arabic.     Befides 
this,  all  the  antients  knew  and  held  the  Irifli 
to  be  Britons,  as  Ireland  it  felf  is  by  Ptolomy 
caird  (23)  Little  Britain.    They  were  rec- 
koned Britons  by  Aristotle,  who  in  his  book 
de  Mundoy  calls  the  country  (24)  lerne  5   as 
Orpheus  before  him  (25)  lernis,  if  Onoma- 
<JRITUS  be  not  the  author  of  the  Argonautica^ 
or  rather,  as  Suidas  afferts,  Orpheus  of  Cro^ 
tena,  contemporary  with   the  Tyrant  Pisi- 
STRATUS.    And  if  this  be  true,  Archbifliop 
Usher  did  not  Gafconnade,  when  he  (26) 
faid,   that  the  Roman  people  cou'd  not  any 
where  be  found  fo  antiently  mentioned   as 
lernis.    Dionysius  Periegetes,  before 

^30  Mixpa  Bpfrlavia,  in  Almageft.  lib.  2.  cap.  6. 
(24)  £y  Tourqi  yt  fisv  LoKf avfil  w^cu  ittytqat  rt  Tvy^avowty  «mb« 
^0,  hftraviKCU  Myetitvai,  Axfitw  nat  Upwf,     Cap,  3« 
(2;)  Ayuatoq  Z'  otouaq  $9tq»yi>iv»q  trtratvi, 

nitp  3'tfp«  vM«v  aiutQiv  Itpvi^  ■    ■     Vet.  xt40r 
{%()  Ttimord.  Ecckf.Bfharnikar.  fag.  724. 

I  3  cited. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


154  THE  HISTORY 

cited,  is  of  the  fame  opinion  in  Iiis  defcriptioft 
of  the  (27)  worldy  that  the  Irifti  were  Britons: 
as  SrzvHhiivs  Byzantius  names  it  (2 8)  Brit- 
tijh  Juvernia^  the  leaft  of  the  two  Hands. 
DiODORUS  SicuLUS  mcntions  (29)  the  Bri- 
tons inhabiting  the  Hand  calid  Iris,  a  n^mc 
better  expre fling  Ere  (vulgarly  Erinn)  the 
right  name  of  lrelan4,  than  lerne^  Juverndy 
Hiberniay  or  any  name  that  has  been  eithe^ 
poetically  or  otherwife  us'd.  Strabo  ftiles 
Ireland  (30)  Brittijh,  lernay  as  his  antient  A- 
bridgcr  calls  the  Irifh  (31),  the  Britons  inhor 
biting  lerna :  and,  if  we  may  intermix  ludi* 
crous  with  ferious  things,  where  'tis  now  read 
in  the  fame  Strabo,  that  the  Irilh  wcrcgreat 
eaters  (32)  his  faid  Abridger  reads  it  herhr. 
eaters  (33)5  which  woud  induce  one  to  be- 
lieve, that  fo  long  ago  Shamrogs  were  in  as 
great  requeft  there  as  at  prefcnt.  Pliny  fays 
in  exprefs  words  (34),  that  every  one  of  the 
Br  it  tijh  Hands  was  calld  Britain  5  wheras 
Albion  was  the  dijiinguijhing  name  of  the 
Britain  now  peculiarly  fo  call'dy  andfofarnms 

(27)  ^iffffCLt  vjj^oi  safft  BptTlctvtigg  etvrtx  P>ivou.    Ver,  s66, 

(28)  lovipvta  vi  UgtravviKii,  twv  ^vo  iActcaajv. 

(29)  •  'Cloirtp  Kai    Tftjv   BffTavwv,  rovg   xcLroiKOvrretq  1^9 

QvuiLaloyav^v  Ipiv,     Lib*  5.  pag.   509. 

(30)  'Ot  T>jv  BpBTxviH^v  Upvviv  t^ovTiq^  &C.  Lib,  I.  pag,  1 10* 
^21)   Oi  T>iv  l<pvijv  v>iffov  xaTOiKovvTs^  Bperayou     JLi^,  2, 
(52)  UoAv^ayot, 

(33)  Uoi^^ayot. 

(34)  Britannia  claraGraecis  noftrifquo  fcriptoribus— — 
Albion  )p{i  nomcn  fuir,  cuq^i  Britanniae  vocarcntur  onme< 

Infulae  nempe  Brltanx^cae*]  Nat.  Hifit  hb,  4.  cap.  id. 

in 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  135 

in  the  Greec  and  Roman  writings.  Thefe 
particulars  (I  repeat  it)  much  below  the  dig- 
nity of  our  Hijiorjfy  will  be  found  in  the  before- 
meiition  ci  T)iJfertation  5  which,  tho  infinitely 
left  ufeful,  I  dare  prophefy  will  be  full  as  much 
read,  if  not  much  more  relifh'd.  The  greatcft 
men  however  have  not  thought  it  unbecoming 
them,  to  fearch  at  their  Icifure  into  fuch.  Ori- 
ginals :  and  I,  for  my  part,  found  it  almoft  a 
ncceffary  imployment,  confidering  the  light  it 
adds  to  my  principal  work. 

IV.  T  O  return  thither  therefore,  there  are 
diverfe  paifages,  fome  longer  fome  fhorter,  in 
the  moft  antient  Greec  authors  we  have,  or 
copy'd  by  thefe  from  fuch  as  are  quire  loft  5 
whigh,  tho  generqlly  negleded  and  unobfcrv'd, 
will  be  no  fmall  ornament  to  the  Hiftory  \ 
have  taken  in  hand.  And,  to  fay  it  here  by 
the  way,  'tis  certain  that  the  mote  antient 
Greec  writers,  fuch  as  Hecateus,  ^udoxus, 
HippARCHUS,  Eratosthenes,  Polybius,  Po- 
siDONius  (not  to  fpeak  of  Dicearchus  and 
others)  knew  a  great  deal  of  truth  concerning 
the  Brittifh  Hands :  by  reafon  of  the  frequent 
navigations  of  the  Greecs  into  thefe  parts,  after 
the  way  was  fhown  them  by  the  Phenicians  % 
fo  antient  an  author  as  Hbropotus  affirming, 
that  his  countrymen  had  their  Tin  from  (35) 
hence,  tho  he  cou'd  give  little  account  of  the 

I  ^  Hand. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


ijtf  THE    HISTORY 

Hand.  But  this  commerce  being  interrupted 
for  feveral  ages  afterwards,  the  later  writers 
did  not  oncly  themfelves  vend  abundance  of 
fables  about  thefe  northern  parts  of  the  worlds 
but  treat  as  fabulous,  what  their  Prcd?ccflbrs 
had  recorded  with  no  lefs  honefly  than  cxad- 
nef$.  Of  this  I  fhall  have  occaiion  to  give 
fome  convincing  proofs  in  this  very  Letter. 
But  not  to  forget  the  pafTages  of  the  antients, 
when  you  call  to  mind  thofe  Rocking-ftones 
fet  up  by  the  Druids,  defcrib'd  in  the  xiv*"* 
and  xvi«^  Sedicn  of  our  fecond  Letter^  and 
whereof  feveral  are  yet  ftanding;  you'll  not 
doubt  but  'tis  one  of  them,  that  is  mentioned 
in  the  Abridgement  we  have  of  Ptolomy 
Hephestion's  ^ijiory :  who,  in  the  third 
chapter  of  the  third  book,  is  faid  to  have 
written  about  the  (36)GlGONIAN  STONE 
ftanding  near  the  ocean ;  which  is  mov'dwith 
fuch  a  fmall  matter  as  the  fialk  of  ajphodely 
tho  immoveable  againji  the  greatejt  force  ima- 
^inabk.  Thispaflage  needs,  in  my  opinion, 
no  comment.  But  we  arc  to  note,  when 
thofe  old  writers  talk  of  any  thing  near  the 
Ocean  with  refpeft  to  the  ftraights  of  Her- 
cules (37),  and  without  fpecifying  the  place  5 
that  it  may  then  be  on  the  coaft  of  Spain,  or 
of  France,  in  the  Brittifli  Hands,  or  on  any  of 
the  nofthern  fhorcs.  It  is  onely  to  be  difco- 
ver'd  either  by  matter  of  fad,  or  by  probable 

(5^)  Utpi  T»f^  wMfi  Tov  Hkiovov  Ttyautaq  Tfrpa^,    uai  6^i  fMVf 
(37)  Now|of  Giif4/#4r. 

cir- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  137 

circumftanccs :  as  this  ^igonian  ftone  (for  ex- 
ample) was  neccflarily  in  fome  of  the  Celtic 
or  Brittilh  territories,  whofc  Druids  alone  fet 
up  fuch  ftones.     So  were  the  Birds,   whereof 
I  am  now  going  to  fpcak.     What  Artemi- 
DORUS  has  deliver' d  concerning  the  Ravens 
(fays  (38)   Strabo)  founds  very  much  like  a 
fable.    He  tells  us^    that  there  is  a  certain 
lake  near  the  Oceany  which  is  calid  the  lake 
of  the  two  ravens  J  becaufe  two  ravens  appear 
in  ity  which  have  fome  white  in  their  wing: 
that  fuch  as  have  any  controverfy  together 
come  thither  to  an  elevated  place,  where  they 
fet  a  table  J  each  laying  on  a  cake  feparately 
for  himfelf:  arul  that  thofe  birds  flying  thi- 
ther y  eat  the  one  while  they  fcatter  the  0^ 
ther  about  s  fo  that  he,    whofe  cake  is  thus 
fcattefdy  gets  the  better  of  the  difpute.  Such 
fables  does  he  relate !    But  I  wou'd  ask  Stra- 
bo,  what  is  there  fabulous  in  all  this  ?  or  why 
fhou'd  the  rude  Gauls  and  Britons  being  in- 
fluenced by  the  eating  or  riot  eating  of  ravens^ 
be  thought  more  ftrange  or  fabulous,  than  the 
tripudium  filijlimum  of  chickens  among  th^ 
polite  Romans  ?  which  Casaubon,  I  will  not 
fay  how  truely,  thinks  was  deriv'd  from  thefc 

(38)  TouTO  ^  «Ti  pLvMtqifov  ffiptjfcffy  ApTf|xiJ«po«,  to  Tipi  rwq 
Kopoxa^  tfuj*i3aivov.  AifMva  yap  rtvcL  t>j<  Tap«i«tfviI«Jac  kop«  ^w* 
icopoxesy  •neovoyLaXoiLBvw  s  ^euvc^at  3*  $v  twt^  5uo  KOpoica^,  n^ltU" 
av  Tltfvyct  vapaXiVKOv  tfjcovro^  ,-  tou^  ouv  Tip*  rtwrnt  af/^i<f^Hrowlaq^ 
a(piHotLwovq  Zivfo  f4>*  J4.ifAoy  TOTov,  ecLvtZa  fl<vTa«,  «T<.8aAAiiv  *««- 
t;a,  «x«T|pt>v  x»pk;  tov«  5' opvfic  f 4><»T«vTtf5  ra  tup  s^iuv^  rcu 
U  CMpncituv  i  ov  J'  av  cMpwBin  ra    '^aiqa,  $Mim  vu^v.     T<?tuT« 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


138  THE  HISTORY 

very  (39)  ravens.  If  Strabo  had  (aid,  that 
the  Divination  it  felf  was  fupcrftitious  and 
vain,  or  that  it  was  ridiculous  to  imagin  the 
ravens  coud  difcern  the  cake  of  the  guilty 
from  that  of  the  innocent  (tho  they  naight 
greedily  eat  one  of  them  when  hungry,  and 
wantonly  fportwith  the  other  when  their  bel- 
lies were  full)  no  man  of  judgement  wou'd 
contradid  him.  As  for  ravens  having  feme 
white  in  their  wings,  it  contains  nothing  far 
bulous,  I  my  felf  having  feen  fuch,  and  no 
Ornithologift?  omitting  them.  I  will  own  in- 
deed, that  fo  uncommon  a  thing  as  white  in 
the  wing  of  a  raven,  and  for  a  couple  of  them 
to  hold  a  place  fo  cunningly  to  themfclvcs, 
was  enough  to  work  upon  the  fupcrftitious 
fancies  of  ignorant  people,  who  laid  fuch  ftreft 
above  all  nations  upon  Augury  5  fo  that  in 
this  whole  ftory  of  the  two  ravens,  nothing 
appears  to  me  either  fabulous  or  wonderful. 
Nafy  I  am  perfuaded  Artemidorus  was  in 
the  right,  there  being  examples  at  this  time 
of  ravens  thus  fecuring  a  place  to  themfelvesj 
and  the  firft  I  fhall  give  is,  for  ought  any  body 
knows,  the  very  place  hinted  by  Artemi- 
dorus. Dr.  MartiN:^  in  his  T^efcrtftien  of 
the  lies  of  Scotland^  difcourfing  of  Bernera 
(which  is  five  miles  in  (circumference,  and  lyes 
about  two  leagues  to  the  fouth  of  Harries) 
in  this  Handy  fays  (40)  he,  there's  a  couple 

(;9)  In  Annotatiooe  nd  bunc  Strabonis  locum, 
(^o)  Page  47. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF    THE    DRUIDS.         139 

tff  ravens;  which  beat  away  all  ravenous 
fowls :  and  when  their  young  are  able  to  fly 
abroady  they  beat  them  alfo  out  of  the  Iland^ 
hut  not  without  many  blows  and  a  great  noife. 
In  this  Hand  moreover,   to  remark  a  further 
agreement  with  Artemidorus,  there's  a  frefli- 
water  l^ke  caird  Loch-bruift,  where  many  land 
^d  fea-fowl  build.  He  tells  us  (41)  elfewherc 
of  another  fuch  couple,  which  a? e  of  the  fame 
inhofpitable,  or  rather  cautious  and  frugal  dif- 
poiition,  in  a  little  Hand  near  North-Uift  5  and 
ftill  of  fuch  anothef'couple  C42),   in  all  re- 
Ipcfts,  uppn  the  He  of  Troda  near  Sky.     But 
as  Eagles  were  no  lefs  birds  of  Augury  than 
ravens,  the  Dodor^  in  his  account  of  a  little 
Hand  near  the  greater  one  of  Lewis  (43),  fays 
thaf:  he  faw  a  couple  of  eagles  there  5   which, 
as  the  natives  affur'd  him,  wou  d  never  fufFer 
any  other  of  their  kind  to  continue  in  the 
Hand:  driving  away  their   own  young  ones, 
as  foon  as  they  are  able  to  fly.     The  natives 
told  him  further,  that  thofe  eagles  are  fo  care- 
ful of  the  place  of  their  abode,  that  they  ne- 
ver kiird  any  (heep  or  lamb  in  the  Hand  i  tho 
the  bones  of  lambs,  fawns,  and  wild-fowl,  arc 
frequently  found  in  and  about  their  nefts :  fo 
that  they  make  their  purchafe  in  the  oppofitc 
ilands,  the  neareft  of  which  is  a  league  diftant^ 
There's  fuch  another  couple  of  eagles,  and  as 
tender  of  injuring  their  native  country,   or^ 

(41)  Page  60. 

(42)  Page  i6(?. 

(43)  Page  2(t 

the 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


i40  THE    HISTORY 

the  north  end  pf  St.  Kilda  (44)  which  Hands 
may  \>c  vicw'4  in  the  map  of  Scotland.  I  mijift 
obfcrve  on  this  occafion,   that  there's  no  part 
of  our  education  fo  difficult  to  be  eradicated 
as  SUPERSTITION  5   which  is  induftrioufly 
inftiird  into  men  from  their  cradles  by  their 
nurfes,  by  their  parents,  by  the  very  fervants, 
by  all  that  converfe  with  them,  by  their  tutors 
and  fchool  -  matters,   by  the  poets,    orators,, 
and    hiftorians  which  they  read  :   but  more 
particularly  by  the  Priefts,  who  in  moft  parts 
of  the  world  are   hir'd    to    keep   the  peo- 
ple in  error,    being  commonly    back'd   by 
the    example    and    authority  of   the   Magi- 
ilrate.     Augury  was  formerly  one  of  the  moft 
univerfal  Superftitions,  equally  pradis'd  by  the 
Greecs  and  the  Barbarians  5  certain  Prices  in  all 
nations^  pretending,  tho  by  very  contt^ary  rites 
and  obfervations,  to  interpret  the  language, 
the  flight,   and  feeding  of  birds :   as  Eneas 
thus  addreffes  Helen  the  Prieft  of  (45)  Apol- 
lo, 

Trojugenay  ifiierpres  T>ivumy  qui  numina 

Phoebi, 
$ut  trifodas^  Clarii  tmrosy  qui  fidera 

fentiSy 
Et  volucrum  linguas,  et  praepetis  opiifui 

pennaey '  '* 
Fare  a^f. 

f44)  Page  299. 

(45>  Virg.  AcB.  liU  }• 

Now 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  TME   DRUIGS.  141 

Now  to  comprehend  what  deep  root  Supcrfti- 
tiOA  takes,  and  how  the  fap  keeps  alive  in 
the  ftump/  ready  to  fprout  forth  again,  after 
the  trunk  and  branches  have  for  many  ages 
been  cut  oiF-5  I  beg  your  patience  to  hear  the 
following  ftory,  efpecially  fince  we  are  upon 
the  fubjed  of  ravens.  When  I  was  in  Dublin 
in  the  year  1697,  I  walk'd  out  one  day  to  the 
village  of  Finglafs,  and  overtook  upon  the  Way 
two  gentlemen  of  the  old  Irifli  ftock,with  whom 
I  had  contracted  fome  acquaintance  at  the  Cof- 
fec-houfe.  They  told  me  they  were  going  a 
good  way  further,  about  a  bufinels  of  fome 
importance  5  and  not  many  minutes  after  one 
6f  'em  cry'd  out  with  joy  to  the  other,  lee 
coufin,  by  heaven  matters  will  go  well :  points 
ing  at  the  fame  inftant  to  a  raven  feeding  and 
hopping  hard  by,  which  had  a  white  feather 
or  two  in  the  wing  that  was  towards  us.  The 
Other  appeared  no  left  tranfported,  nor  would 
they  ftir  till  they  faw  what  way  the  raven 
flew  $  which  being  to  the  fouth  of  them,  and 
with  a  great  noife,  they  were  fiilly  con- 
firmed about  the  fuccefs  of  their  bufinefs.  This 
brought  to  my  remembrance  that  oblatiye 
Augiury  in  (46)  Virgil  : 

(46)  '  ■  Gcminae  cum  forte Colambae 

Ipfa  fab  ora  viri  coelo  venere  volantes, 
Et'viridi  fed£re  Iblo— -veftigia  preffit, 
Obfervans  quae  figoa  ferant,  quo  teodere  pergaot. 

Aeneid.  libi  6.  vet.  190. 

Scarce 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


I4i  THE   HISTORY 

Scarce  hadhe  faidy  when  full  before  his'^ 

Two  doveSy  defcending  from  their  airy\ 

flighty 
Secure  upon  the  graffy  plain  alight^--^ 

■        With  watchful  fight 

Obferving  ft  ill  the  motions  of  their  flighty 
IVhat  courfe  they  tooky  what  happy  figy^s 

theyfbewi  ^ 

They  fled y  andy  fluttering  by  degree Sy  with- 
drew—  &c. 

DRYDEN'jr  Tranflat. 

Nor  was  I  unmindful,  you  may  be  furc,  of  that 
paffagc  in  (47)  Plautus, 

Tis  not  fornoughty  that  the  Raven  fings 

now  on  my  left  5 
Andy  croakingy  has  once  fcrafd  the  earth 

with  bis  feet. 

Upon  my  putting  fomc  queftions  to  thofc 
gentlemen,  they  faid  it  was  certain  by  the  ob- 
fervationof  all  ages,  that  a  raven  having  any 
white  in  its  wings,  and  flying  on  the  Jcight 
hand  of  any  perfon,  croaking  at  the  fame  tinie, 
was  an  infallible  prefage  of  good  luck.  I  us'd 

(47)  Non  temereeft,  quod  conros  camat  mihinunc  ab 
UevA  manu ; 
Semel  radebat  pedibus  terram,   et  voce  crocitabat 
fua. 

AMM.A&.4.  Seen.  3.  ver«  I. 

a 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUID1S.  143 

a  great  many  arguments  to  fliow  them  the 
vanity  and  unteafonablenefs  of  this  piece  of 
Supcrftition,  comparing  it  among  other  extra- 
vagancies, to  the  no  lefs  abfurd  one  of  dreams  5 
where  if  one  happens  by  chance  to  come  to 
paft,  while  ten  thoufand  fail,  thefe  are  for- 
got and  the  other  remembered.  But  I  am 
perfuadcd  all  I  did  or  cou'd  fay,  even  my  ar- 
gument ad  hominemy  in  proving  that  Augury 
was  fpecially  forbid  by  the  Law  of  Moses, 
wouM  have  made  little  impreffion  on  them  5 
had  it  not  been  that  they  mifcatry'd  in  what 
they  went  about,  as  one  of  them  candidly 
own'd  to  mc  fomc  weeks  afterwards,  who 
cou'd  then  liften  to  my  reafons,  and  feem'd 
to  tafte  them.  Thus  far  have  I  been  led  by 
the  ravens  of  Artemidorus.  But  I  have  not 
ramblU  yet  fo  far  after  birds  as  the  old  Gauls, 
wheret^  a  part  (to  ufe  the  words  of  (48)  Jus- 
tin after  Trogus)  fettled  in  Italy ^  which 
took  and  burnt  the  city  of  Rome  $  while  an- 
other part  of  them  penetrated  into  the  Illy- 
tic  bays  J  by  the  jlaughter  of  the  Barbarians  y 
and  under  the  guidance  of  birds,  (for  the 
Gauls  excell  all  others  in  the  skill  of 
Augury)  fettl'd  in  Tannonia :  telling  next, 
how,  after  dividing  their  forces,  they  invaded 
Greece,  Macedonia,  and  moft  parts  of  Afta, 

f4S)  Et  his  portio  in  Italia  conledit,  quae  et  urbem  Ro- 
mam  captam  incendit;  et  portio  Illy ricos  finus,  ducibus 
AWbas  (nam  Augurandi  iludio  Galli  praqter  ccteroscallcnc) 
per  ftrigesBarbarorum  penetrayit,  et  in  Paononia  confedic* 

where 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


144  THE    HISTORY 

where  they  foilnded  the  Gall<^recian  Tetrar- 
chy.  But  ftill  you  fee  they  were  birds,  that 
guided  thofe  famous  expeditions. 

V.  I  HAVE  by  good  authorities fliown  be- 
fore, that  the   antienteft  Greec  writers  had 
much  greater  certainty,  and  knew  many  more 
particulars,  concerning  theBrittifhllands^  even 
the  moft  remote  and  minute,  than  fuch  as 
came  after  them  j  by  rcafon  that  the  Gredan 
trade  hither,   open'd  firft  by  the  Phenicians, 
had  been  for  a  long  time  interrupted,  or  ra- 
ther quite  abandon'd.     Thus  in  time  the  ori- 
ginal Relations  came  to  be  lookM  upon  as  fo 
many  fables,  at  which  I  do  not  fo  much  won- 
det  in  any  man,  as  in  the  moft  judicious  of  ^ 
Geographers  and  the  moft  inftruftive,  I  mean 
the  Philofopher  Strabo.     Thefe  later  Greecs 
were  implicitly  credited  and  tranfcrib'd  by  the 
Roman  writers,  till  Britain  came  to  be  fidly 
known,  having  rather  been  fhown  than  con- 
quered by  Julius  Cesar  $  and  fcarcc  belicv'd 
to  be  an  Hand,  tho  it  was  conftantly  affirm'd 
to  be  fo  by  the  moft  antient  difcoveries,  till 
Vesp ASIANS  Lieutenant,  AgrICola,  foundi  it 
beyond  all  poffibility  of  contradiftion  to  be 
an  (49)  Uand,  part  of  the  Roman  fleet  falling 
round  it.    But  of  the  remoteft  Hands  there 
has  been  no  exad  account  from  that  time  to 
this.    That  of  Donald  Monro,  in  James 

(49)  Hanc  ortm  ntiviffifni  iharis  tatic;  prhnimi  Ronuma 
Ckffis  drcutnvcaa,  infuUm  efle  Bricfmnitm  Affimoiivit. 
Tacif.  in  Vita  jIgrU*  cMf*  10. 

r      I     *« 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OIF   THE   DRUIDS.  t4J 

the  fifth  of  Scotland's  time,  is  very  imperfed  i 
And  tho  in  our  own  time  Dodor  Martin> 
Vho  is  a  native  of  one  of  thofe  Hands,   has 
traveird  over  them   all   to  laudable  purpofe ) 
yet  his  defcriptions  are  in  many  inftances  too 
fliort,  befidcs  that  he  omits  fcveral  obfervations^ 
which  his  own  materials  (how  he  ought  to  have 
frequently  made%     Confidering  therefore  the 
curious   things   out  of  him   and  others,  that 
may  be  agreeably  read  in  my  two  former  Lct-^ 
ters  (together   with   many  more  accounts  of 
Monuments  there,  which  1  have  from  good 
hands)  I  own  that  I  am  paflionately  defirous 
to  fpend  one  fummer  in  thofe  Hands,  before 
the  Hilary  of  the  Druids  makes  its  public 
appearance  in  the  world.     But  I  return  to  the 
antient  writers    who    mention   the  remotcft 
Brittiih  Hands,  of  whom  Pytheas  of  Maffilia^ 
a  Grecc  colony  in  Gaule  (now  Marfeillcs)  is 
the  very  firft  on  record.     He  liv'd  in  the  time 
of  Alexander  the  great>    and  publilhM  his 
Geographical  wotk,  or  rather  his  Voyages,  in- 
titurd  (50)  xh^Tourofthe  Earthy  before  his 
contemporary  Timeus  wrote,    or  Dicear^ 

CHUS,    or  ERATOSTHENES)  Or  POLYBIUS  5  Who 

followed  each  other,  and  who  in  fome  things 
difagtee*  This  PVtheas,  and  alfo  one  EtrxHt- 
MENES,  were  fent  by  the  Senate  of  MarfeilleS 
to  make  difcoverics  5  the  former  to  the  north, 
the  lattet  to  the  fouth.  Euthymenes,  fail-^ 
ing  along  the  coaft  of  Africa,   paft  the  line  : 

($6)  tH«  «r#pio5oc.    Scholijift.  xh   Apollonii  Afgonautidi^ 
Hh.  4.  ad  viff.  *i6u 

Vol.  I.  K  pMip 

Digitized  by  VjOOJ21C 


146  THE   HiStOkY 

and  PytheAs,^  landing  in  Britain  and  tidindi 
as  well  as  on  the  German  coaft  and  in  Scan- 
dinavia, fail'd  beyond  Iceland.     Both  the  one 
and  the  other  made  fuch  difcoveries,  as  long 
paft  for  fables :  but  time,  by  means  of  otir  mo- 
dern navigation,  has  done  both  of  'cm  ;uftice. 
Pytheas,  on  his  part,  was  terribly  decry'd  by 
Str  ABO,  who  without  ceremony  calls  him  (5 1) 
a  moji  lying  felow  5  tho  he's  fmce  found,  and 
now  known  by  every  body,  to  be  much  more 
in  the  right  than  himfelf.     Nothing  is  more 
€xad,  than  what  he  has  related,  or  that  is  re- 
lated after  him,   of  the   temperature  of  the 
Brittifli  climate,  of  the  length  of  the  nights 
and  days,  of  the  ftrange  birds  and  monftrous 
fifhes  of  the  Northern  Ocean  :  nor  is  it  a  fmall 
lofs,  that  a  treatife  he  wrote  in  particular  0^ 
the  Ocean  has  pcrifti'd  with  his  other  works, 
whereof  we  have  onely  a  few  fragments.   He 
Was  the  firft,  for  ought  appears,  that  mentioned 
Thule^  meaning  thereby  the  utmoft  inhabited 
lland  beyond  Britain  5   from  which  he  fays  it 
is  about  (52)  fix  days  fail,  and  near  the  frozen 
fea,  which  perfeftly  agrees  to  Iceland,     But 
Strabo  denies  that  there  was  ever  any  (5  j) 

Thule, 

(jl)  Xl\.^itt.q  avsp  '^§v>.ie;ctToq  tl^raqeth    Lih»  I.  p  tlo. 

(52)  — ^A<a  GovXyi^t  ^v  $>jffi  UvB$cl^  alto  iJitv  t^^  BptTUvticni  U 
tfjiipav  vAovv  arextiv  nrpoq  apxrov  |  tyyv^  Znvcu  tij^  TSt^yvtaf  S«- 
karl^q.    Ibid,  pag,  1 6^^ 

(5?''  Tul  in  the  ancient  Uuguggc   fignifies  naked  and 

'  bleak,  as  Iceland  has  neither  tree  nor  (hrub ;  lb  that  Tir/-f, 

without  any  alteration,  is  the  raked  lland^    the  moft  proper 

name  for  Iceland,  and  which  foreners  muft  have  naturattjT 

learnt  of  the  £ricoiis,  whether  Iberntan  or  Albioniatr,   7W, 

Digitized  by  Google  ^^ 


N3F   THE   DRUIDS.  147 

Thulc,  or  that  any  thing  beyond  Iceland  (which 
he  places  to  tlie  north  of  Great  Rritain,  whcras 
it  is  due  weft  of  it)  either  was  or  cou  d  be 
inhabited.     They^  fays  he  iir his  (54)  firft  book, 
who  have  feen  Brittijh  Irelatid,  [peak  nothing 
about  Thuky  but  onely  that  there  are  federal 
fmall Hands  near  Britain.   In  the  fccond  book 
he  (55)  fays,  the  at  mo fl  place  of  navigation 
in  our  time^  from  Gaule  towards  the  north j 
is  faid  to  be  Ireland  5   which  being  ftuated 
beyond  Britain-,  iSj  by  reafon  of  the  cold^  with 
difficulty  inhabited:  fo  that  all  beyond  it  ^  con- 
tinues he,  is  reckoned  uninhabitable.     This  of 
Ireland,  namely,  that  it  is  the  north  of  Bri- 
tain, and  fcarce  habitable  for  cold,  he  repeats 
again   in  two  or  three  places  5  from  which  he 
draws  this  conclufion,   that  there  is  no  Thule 
at  all,  fince  nothing  is  habitable  beyond  Ire- 
land :    which   therefore,    according   to   him, 
.is  the  moft    northerly   part  of  the  habitable 
earth.     You  fee  here  how  much  more  in  the 
right  Pytheas;  was,  who  liv'd  in  the  tune  of 

fach  nl  nochtj  Tul  is  every  naked  thing,  fays  O  Clery  in  his 
'ocabulavy  of  obfolete  words.  It  was  a  flender  affinity  of  found, 
that  made  Ila  (one  of  the  weftcrn  Scottifh  lies)  to  be  taken 
for  Tbule;  for  neither  is  it  the  utmoft  land  of  Europe,  nor 
yet  of  the  Brittifti  Hands  themfelves.  See  what  I  have 
v^ritten  in  the  fecond  book  concerning  the  difputes  about 
jThule. 

(54)  '^'  '''*>*'  Bperav/xj^v  Jepvev  iTiovrgg,  cuZev  vepi  Tv^q  0ouA>i$  A«- 
yovtf/vj    cLXXaq  vviCQvq  Aeyovnq  fJiiXP^'^  '^«P'    '^*t^   Bperavtu^v.    Ibid* 

pag.  ito. 

^55)  *0  Xc  r«  CVKO  rviq  YiiXTiKViq  irpog  apxrov,  v^ovq  Sffxaroq  Uyi- 
TCLt  necLpcL  roiq  vuv,  6  en  rv^v  lepvvjv.  firsKeiva.  (ulsv  acr«v  Tvjq  Bpsx*^/-    . 
M.*iq,  aB\iQ)q  5e    iict  i'vxoq   o/xoujULgv/^v:    wcfS   TCC  iZiMtvd   voiJLii,t^..sioi'' 
9ti^TX.     Id,  lib.  2.  fag,  l2/^> 

Digitized  by  VjOOyiC 


U8  tHE    JII^TORV 

ALEXANDEft,  than  Strabo  whb  livM  in  tHe, 
time  of  AUGUSTUS  and  Til^ERiuSi   and  thdt 
it  is  a  preceding  no  Icfs  impertinent  tharl  uii- 
juft,  to  have  any  man  contfadided  whb  was 
upon  the  fpot,  but  by  fuch  others  as  were  al- 
fo  there :    unlefs  the  things  related  be  manl- 
fcftly  impoflible,   or  that  the  relator  is  no 
competent  judge  5    as  if  a  ttavellor,  who  Un- 
derftands  no  mathematics^  fhould  affirtn  the 
Malabarians  to  be  the  bcft  Mathtmatlciins  iti 
the  world.     But  Strabo,  ^ho,  notwithftand-* 
ing  all  thefe  grofs  miftakes  in  the  extremities 
of  Europe,  is  one  of  the  fotemoft  authbrs  ia 
my  eftcem:   Strabo,  I  fiy,  a  little  lower  in 
the  fame  book,   as  doubting  whether  he  wis 
in  the  rights  and  pretendiitg  it  wis  no  gredt 
matter  fhou  d  he  be  in  the  wrong,  affirms  that 
at  leaft  it  is  not  known  whether  there  be  any 
habitable  place  beyond  Ireland  (which  he  ftill 
places  to  the  north  of  Britain)  nor  (56)   is  it 
of  any  importance  to  the  Trince^  fays  he,  to 
have  an  exact  notice  of  fuch  regions  or  their 
inhabitants  5   ejj>ecialty  fbou'd  they   live  in 
fuch  Hands y  which  cannot  contribute  any  thing 
to  our  damage  or  profit  (meaning  the  Roirians) 
there  being  no  inter courfe  between  us.     This 
tcfledion  might  perhaps  be  true  with  refpcft 
to  the  Emperor  and  the  Empire  :   yet  it  is  a 
very  lamd  re^fon  for  a  Geographer,   who  i« 

(56)  npo^  *ri  reci 'ByiiJiovticcci  3C?«/««  ovitv  av  fitf   irXtovtKTiifLa^ 
Tcu;  TcicLvra^  yvwpiXeiv  xwpa?  nat  rovq  otKovvraq  :   uat  lUlAtqot   c<  v>f^ 


Digitized  by 


GoogI  accu- 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  149 

accurately  to  defcribc  all  places,  let  them  have 
relation  to  his  Prince  or  not.  But  the  truth, 
of  it  is,  he  wou  d  not  believe  the  antient  Greec 
and  Maffilian  failors  s  neither  had  he  any  bet- 
ter information  himfelf,  wlaerby  tp  fupply  or 
to  corred  them, 

VI.  AS  for  Ireland,  it  was  very  well  known 
to  the  more  antient  Geographers,  as  Ifliow'd 
before }  it  being  direftly  in  the  way  of  the 
Phenicians  (who  are  faid  by  (57)  Aristotle 
tp  have  difcover'd  it)  when  they  fail'd  for 
Britain.  Lying  therefore  fo  conveniently  for  the 
Phenicians,  Grecians,  Spaniards,  and  Gauls, 
it  was  always  a  place  of  great  trade  :  and  for 
this  reafon  Tacitus  (58)  fays  (agreeable  to 
the  Irifh  annals)  that  its  forts  were  bet- 
ter known  for  trade  ^  and  more  frequented  bf 
vferchantSy  than  thofe  of  Britain.  Neither 
is  Pyxip^EA^'s  account  of  the  frozen  fea,  any 
more  than  that  of  Thule,  a  fable.  Whoever 
was  in  Greenland,  knows  it  to  be  literally 
true.  It  is  therefore,  in  the  antient  Greec 
and  Roman  books,  call'd  the  Icy,  the  flow,  (5  9) 
the  co^ge^rd,  the  dead  fea;  as  I  have  read 
that  it  is  in  fome  Arabic  hooks  very  properly 

^s<)Sov/wv  vH<rov  fopi6>ivai  gpij/xi^v,  gxovcAv  vAviv  re  rccvrotottxi^  holi  to- 
^ayjavq  tAwtou^,  ncti  rotg  Xotroi^  Kapxoi^  Oauftaq^jv,  avexovcav  Z$ 
.-^-Agiovwv  cjxfpav;  et  quftC  fequuntut  illic  reliqua,  Hiberniae. 
imprimis  convenicntia.  Ve  Mirabih  AufcuHaU 

(  58)  Melius  aditus  portufque,  per  commercia  et  n^gotia;^ 
tores,  cogniti.    Vif,  Agric*  cap,  24. 

(59)  Mft^e  glaciale,  pigrum,  congelatum,  mortuumf 

K.  J  writ;- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


r50  THE  HISTORY 

written ,   the  dark  fea  and  the  fca  of  pitch-' 
In  the  oldcft  Irifli  books  'tis  called  by  words 

(60)  that  import  the  fouly  zmixhc  foggy  lea; 
and  likewife  Muir-chroinn-,  or  the  coagulated 

(61)  fca,  from  the  word  CroinUy  which  iigni- 
fics  clofe  and  thick  as  well  as  (62)  round.  From 
this  original,  which  Pytheas  and  other  tra- 
vellors  learnt  no  doubt  from  the  Britons,  this 
fca  was  nam'd  (63)  Cronium :  and  not  (as 
afterwards  invented  from  the  mere  found)  be- 
caufe  Cronos,  or  Saturn,  was  inchanted  in 
Ogygia,  an  Hand  weft  of  Britain  5  which  is  fa- 
buloufly  reported  by  (64)  Plutarch  and  o- 
thcr  writers,  who  have  hitherto  been  incon- 
Jiderately  followed  by  every  body.  I  wonder 
they  do  not  affirm  after  them,  fmce  they  may 
do  fo  with  equal  reafon,  that  fome  of  tlie 
weft  and  north  Brittifli  Hands  are  pofleft  by 
(65;  heroes  and  departed  fouls.  The  northern 
fea,  even  before  one  comes  to  the  Icy  part, 
and  perhaps  moft  properly,   may  be  term'd 

Jtow  and  dead,  by  reafon  of  the  Roujis^  or 

(^o)  Muifcheacbty  MHircheoacK 

(61)  Mare  concretura. 

(62)  Crunn  has  the  fame  figni6cation  in  Welfli;  and 
Cvonni  or  Cro'innfgh  in  both  the  languages  (ignifies  to  gather, 
to  obftru6i,  to  heap,  and  particularly  Crovni  to  thicicen  or 
ftagnate  waters  :  ib  that  this  derivation  of  the  Cronlan^  and. 
congeaVdfca^  cannot  be  reafonably  caird  in  queflioQ. 

(64)  Ve  facie  in  orbe  Lunae  :  de  LefeBu  Oraculor,  Videndi 
ctiam  Orpheus  in  Argonautlcisy  Pximus,  Solinus,  Isaaciits 
TzeT2.es  in  LycoPHRONis  Alexandram^  &c. 

(65)  lidem  confulendi,  quorum  in  Annotatione  praece- 
denti  mentio  :  nee  noa  in  HoaATU  Epodam  16  coromen- 
lantes  legendi, 

meet- 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  151 

meetings  of  contrary  Tides  5  wiiofe  conflid  is 
fomtimes  fo  equal,  that  they  are  a  great  impe- 
diment to  the  boat  or  fliip's  way  :  nay  fom- 
timc;s,  tho  under  fail,  they  can  make  no  way 
at  all  5  but  are  very  often  impctuoufly  whirled 
round,  and  now  and  then  quite  fwallow'd  up. 
This  kind  of  fhipwrack  is^no  lefs  naturally  than 
elegantly  defcrib'd  by  Virgii^,  when  he  relates 
the  fate  of  Oront^s  who  commanded  a  fliip 
jindcr  Enea§  : 

Ipfius  ante  oculos  ingens  a  verttce  pontus 
Inpuppm  ferity  excutitur^  pronufque  pm^ 

VolvitUT  in  caput:  aji  illam  ter  fluSiuf 

ibidem 
Torquet  agens  circum^  ft  rapidus  vorat  ofir 

quore  ojortex. 

Aen.  lib.  i, 

1  fliou'd  not  forget  here,  that,  upon  the  dif- 
^overy  of  Thule  by  Pytheas,  one  Antonius 
Diogenes  wrote  a  Romance  in  twenty  foui 
books,  which  he  intitul'd  the  Incredibilities 
of  Thule  5  where  he  laid  his  fcene,  and  where- 
of Photius  has  given  fome  (66)  account.  I 
have  dwelt  the  lojpger  upon  thclp  Hands,  bcif 
caufe  they  did  not  onely,  like  the  other  parts 
of  Britain,  abound  with  Druids,  who  have? 
there  left  various  memorials  of  themfelves : 

(66'\  Twv  vTip  OovAijv  ariqm  ?^ot  k$.    In  Bibliath^cft,  cod; 

by  Google 


Digitized 


152  THE    HISTORY 

but  alfo  bccaufc  the  laft  footing  they  had  in 
the  world  was  here,  which  makes  it  little  lefs 
than  cflcntial  to  my  fubjeft.  Nor  was  it  in 
the  lie  of  Man  alone,  that  a  peculiar  Govern- 
ment was  fet  up  by  their  procurement  or  ap- 
probation 5  as  you  have  read  in  my  fecond 
Letter  of  their  Difciple,  the  admirable  Legi- 
flator  Manannan.  There  was  likewife  an- 
other Government  of  their  ereftion,  fingular 
enough,  in  the  {67)  Hehudes  ^  where  better 
provifion  was  made  againft  the  changing  of 
an  eleftive  into  a  hereditary  Monarchy,  and, 
againft  all  other  exorbitances  of  the  PrincCj^ 
than  ever  I  read  in  any  author  antient  or  mo- 
dern. SoLiNUs  fpeaking  of  thefe  Hands,  there 
is  one  Kingy  fays  (6  8)  he,  over  them  all ^  for 
they  arey  as  many  as  be  af  themy  divided  one^ 
ly  by  narrow  channels.  This  King  has  no^ 
thing  of  his  owny  but  fbares  of  every  thing 
that  every  man  has.  He  is  by  certain  Laws 
oblig'd  to  obferve  equity :  and  leftavarice 
P^oud  make  him  deviate  from  the  right  way y 
ke  learns  juJHce  from  Poverty  $  as  having 

(d?)  Another  name  for^  the  Weftem  Hes,  equivalent  to  the 
Hebrides:  if  thcy  were  not  originally  the  fame,  having  per- 
haps by  the  miftake  of  Tranfcribers  been  written  for  each 
other ;  nothing  being  eafier,  than  to  confound  ui  witk  ri^ 'ari 
rl  with  «/,  asi  antiently  written.  *   .    . 

(68)  Rex  unus  eft  univerfis  ;  nam  quotquot  Ibnt,  omnea 
angufta  interluvie  dividuntur.  Rex  nihil  faum  habet,  om-* 
oia  univerforum.  Ad  aequitatem  certis  Lcgibus  ftringitur  ;i. 
ac,  ne  avaritia  divertat  a  vero,  difcit  paupertate  juftitiam  ; 
Htpote  cui  nihil  fit  rei  faniiliaris»  verum  alitur  e  pt^bljccv 
Kulla  ilH  datur  fbera^na  propria  ;  fed  per  viciffitucnnes,' \n^ 
quacunque  commotus  fit,  uAirariam  fumit :  up<jie  ci  V^QCi 
irp^ijmj^  nee  f^es,  Liberorvim^    C/if.  ZZ\ 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  155 

hi  Manner  of  property  y  being  maintained  up^ 
^n  the  public  expence.  He  has  not  as  much 
as  a  wife  of  his  own^  but  by  certain  turns 
makes  ufe  of  any  woman  towards  whom  he 
ffas  an  inclination  5  whence  it  happens,  th^t 
he  has  neither  the  dejire  nor  the  hope  of  any 
children.  Tis  pity  this  author  has  not  Ipeci- 
fy'd  thofe  Laws,  by  which  equity  was  pre- 
fcrib'd  to  the  Hebudian  Monarch,  in  in  joying 
what  was  proper  for  him  of  other  men's  goods; 
and  that  be  has  not  told  us,  how  thofe  vi-» 
ciffitudes  were  regulated,  whereby  he  had  the 
temporary  ufe  of  other  men'3  wives,  who  ne- 
verthelefs  were  to  father  all  the  children.  As 
I  fhow'd  this  paffage  one  day  to  a  couple  of  my^ 
friends,  one  of  them  readily  agreed,  that  the 
State  muft  needs  find  their  account  in  this  con- 
(litution  5  both  as  it  fav'd  the  expcnce  of  trea* 
fure  in  maintaining  a  numerous  Royal  Pro- 
geny, and  as  it  fav'd  the  expence  of  blood  in 
fettling  their  feveral  claims  or  contentions : 
but  had  it  not  been,  faid  he,  for  the  ftrid 
care  taken  againft  accumulating  riches  or  power 
on  the  Prince,  I  fliould  have  naturally  thought, 
that  it  was  one  of  thofe  Druidical  Priefts,  who 
fxad  thus  advantageoufly  carv'd  for  himfelf. 
Hereupon  the  other  rcply'd,  tha^t  he  f?incy'd 
fuch  rrieft?  wou'd  be  contented  to  have  pi  en-^ 
tiful  eating  and  drinking,  and  variety  of  wo* 
men,  thus  eftablifh'd  by  Law  for  them  5  fince 
it  \va$  for  no  other  end,  heconcciv'dx  but  to 
obtain  thefe,  that  they  ftruggrd  fo  hard  ^ny>, 
wh?rc  fpt  power  and  riches,    Bm  if  this  werQ 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


1.5+  THE  HISTORY 

fo,  the  Druids  cou'd  be  at  no  manner  of  loft, 
about  their  pleafuresj  confidering  the  fway 
they  bore  in  the  civil  authority,  arid  their 
management  of  the  much  more  powerful  en- 
gipe  of  Superftition :  for  without  the  T>ruid$^ 
who  underftand  Divination  and  Thilofophyy 
fays  (69)  Dion  Chrysostom,  the  Kings  may 
neither  do  nor  confult  any  thing  5  fo  that  in 
reality  they  are  the  Druids  who  reign^  while 
the  Kings  (tho  they  Jit  on  golden  thrqnes^ 
dwell  in  fpacious  palaces,  and  feed  on  cojlly 
dijbes)  are  onely  their  Minifters,  and  the  exet 
cutioners  of  their  Sentence.  Judge  now  what 
influence  thofe  Priefts  had  iipon  the  People, 
when  they  might  thus  control  the  Prince  j 
and  confequently,  whether  they  could  pofli- 
bly  want  any  thing,  that  broi^ht  'em  either 
pleafure  or  power,  The  Kings  bore  all  th? 
envy,  and  the  Druids  pofleft  all  the  fweets  of 
authority. 

VII.  BUT  kaving  botl^  for  a  while,  I  fub^ 
uiit  to  your  Lordfliip's  confideration,  upon 
fuch  evidences  and  proofs  as  I  am  going  tQ 
produce  5  whether  the  Hyperborean  iland,  fo 
much  celebrated  by  antiquity,   be  not  fome 

ovTCL^  Hat  Tijv  aXAvfv  ffo^tav,  (uv  avgv  rot^  Bxffthivffiv  ouScv  f^ijv  Tp^r- 
Tttv  ov'^8  $tv^tffBcit  i  tiqe  TO  jXftv  aXvt^tq  ticgjvov^  ag%tiVf  •^wq  Z%  ^avf 
7i<K5  uvrav  vTipyiTOi^  nat  ttUKovovq  yty^iBat  Tij«  y vw|x>j5,  t v  Opovoi^xP*'- 
#0iC  KCL^vifJLSvov^^  KCLi  otKtx^  fLty ciXat;  oiMVvrag^  xat  voAvrtfUo^  Bumx^^' 

iJLivoo«.  D^  reoifatme  MagifiraU  In  $enAtUy  fag.  jjS.  Edhp 
'gAris. 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF    THE    DRUIDS.         15J 

©nc  or  more  of  the  remoteft  Brittifh  Hands : 
and  particularly  the  great  Hand  of  Lewis  and 
Harries,  with  its  appendages,  and  the  adjacent 
Land  of  Sky  5    which  in  every  circumftance 
agree  to  the  defcription  that  Diodorus  Sicu- 
Lus  gives  of  the  Iland  of  the  Hyperboreans. 
Het's  mention  fome  of  thofe   circumftances.^ 
He  (70)  fays  that  the  Harp  was  there  in  great 
repute,  as  indeed  it  is  ftill  5  every  Gentleman 
having  one  in  his  houfe,  beddes  a  multitude 
of  Harpers    by  profeflion,    intertain'd   gratis 
wherever  they  come.     He  tells  us,  that  above 
all  other  Gods  (71)  they  worftiipt  Apollo  5 
which,  in  my  firft  Lettery   I  evidently  Ihow 
they  did  under  the  name  of  Belenus  (72). 
He  fays   further,   that  befides  a  magnificent    . 
fa cred  Grove,  Apollo's  remarkable  Tem- 
ple (73)  there  was  round,  wherof  I  have  gi- 
ven a  particular  defcription  and  plan  in  my 
fccond  Letter  (74),  it  fubfifting  in  great  part 
ftill.    He  affirms  that  they  had  a  peculiar  Dia- 
\c£ky   which  in  reality  continues  the  fame  to 
this  day  5  it  being  Earfe,  or  the  fixth  among 
the  Celtic  Dialefts  I  enumerated  in  my  firft 
Letter  :  and  approaching  fo  near  to  that  of 
§ 

('Jo)  T»v  Jf  xaTOiKOt^vTtov  avT*iv  rwg  9Xit^wji  itvcu  KiBaptqaq, 
%,ib.i,  pag.  i;o. 

'(71)  Tov  AtoAAw  fJLaKtt;et  tmv  aAA«v  6f«v  'xetf  avrotg  rifLetf^ciu 
Ibid. 

C7O  In  the  Celtic  language  Bsal  and  Bkalak. 

(72)  *TTapx«/v  ^«  KOLTCi  T'*jv  viifw  TifJLtvo^  rt  AtoAAmvo^  fuytfAOTpir 

C74)  Sefiion  XL 

tllC 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


IS(?  THE    HISTORY 

the  Irifli,  that  thcfe  and  the  Uandcrs  difcourf^ 
together  without  any  diiBculty.    But,  omit- 
ting feveral  other  matters  no  lefs  concordant, 
be  adds,  that  the  Hand  was  frequented  of  old 
by  the  (75)  Greecs,  and  in  friendfhip   with 
them  5   which  wiU  be  eafily  admitted,   after 
perufing  the  fourth  and  fifth  Seftions  of  this 
ptefent  Letter ^  where  I  manifeflly  prove  this 
iatercourfe.     1  very  well  know,  that  others, 
who  are  far  from  agreeing  among  themfelves, 
4o  place  the  Hyperboreans  elfewhere  :  nor  am 
I  ignorant  that  diverfe,  after  the  example  of 
(70)  Antonius  DiogbnesV    Thtilian  'R0-, 
fftancej  have  indeavor'd  to  divert  their  readers^ 
no  lefs  than  themfelves,   with  Hyperboreaa 
fidions  i   and  fo  made  fuch  variatiojis  of  fite 
or  circumfl:ances,   as  bcft  fuited  their  feveral 
plans,  to  fpeai;;  nothing  pf  fuch  as  were  grollly 
ignprant  in  Geography.    Allowances  ought  to 
be  made  for  all  thefe  things.    And  the  Hy- 
perborean continent   (which  was  queftionleis 
the  mod  northern  part  of  Scythia,  or  of  Tar- 
tary  and  Mufcovy,  flretching  quite  to  Scandi- 
navia, or  Sweden  and  Norway)  tliis  Hyper^ 
borean  continent,  I  fay,  mufl  be  carefully  dif- 
tinguifh'd  from  the  Hyperborean  Hand;  whofc 
fpU  vas  more  temperate  an,d  fertile^  as  itfi;  in- 
habitants more  civiliz'd,  harmlefs,  and  happy. 
Btit,  to  prevent  aj^  cavils,    I  declare  before- 
hand, that  as  by  T^ule  t  mean  onely  that  of 
Pytheas,  or  Iceland,  and  not  the  conjefturcs 

(75)  np«^  Tot/c  *EAAfvtf^  o/ii«ioT«Ta  haunc^ott,  QPf*    Ibi4^ 
(l.<S)  Sec  the  laft  5eaioD» 

or, 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  ij7 

or  miftakcs  of  people  that  liv'd  long  afteir 
himi  feme  making  it  to  be  Ireland,  others 
iSchetland  (which  I  believe  to  be  the  Thiilc 
of  (77)  Tacitus^  others  the  northermoft  part 
of  Great  Britain,  and  others  other  (78)  places : 
fo  by  the  Hand  of  the  Hyperboreans,  I  mean 
that  defcrib'd  by  Diodorus  Siculus  after 
Hecateus  and  others,  as  being  an  Hand  in 
the  Ocean  beyond  (79)  Gaule  to  the  north y  ot 
under  the  Bear,  where  people  liv'd  with  no 
lefs  jfimplicity,  than  indolence  and  content* 
lAeht  5  and  which  Orpheus,  or,  if  you  pleafe, 
Onomacritus,  very  rightly  places  near  the 
(80)  Cronian  or  Dead  Sea.  *Tis  by  this  fitii- 
ation,  as  hereafter  more  particularly  mark'd> 
that  I  am  willing  to  be  judg'd :  fhowing  it  al- 
io to  be  an  Hand  near  the  Scots^  whether  Hi- 
bernian or  Albanian  5  who  are,  by(8i)CLAU- 
DiAN,  made  borderers  on  the  Hyperboreait 
Sea.  From  this  Hand  the  Argonauts,  after 
touching  there  coming  out  of  the  Crbnian 

(77)Infulai,  qiias  6rca(ia$  vocant,  invenit  domuitqne. 
Defpe&a  eft  ec  Thule,  quam  haQcnus  nix  ec  hiems  abdo 
bac.     In  vita  Aqtic.  cap,  lo. 

(78)  See  the  EJfuy  concermng  tU  TbuU  of  the  Aatients^  hy 

Sir  ROBB&T  SlBBALD. 

(79)  •— —  Ev  Toi<  avTiTtpav  rv^q  kdArmtj^  totw5»  Jtara  Toy 

ptara,  rov^  apHrouq,    Ub,  2,  pag*  \^oJ 

r$0)  m ■  KpoviovTg  fjf/jcA  »JffXOUW 

noyrov  i5»fp€opf>jv  fxipoT««  v«k/j>ivti  SaAa^^av. 

Arg(maut,  veu  1 079. 

^gj)       ■      ■  Scoiumque  vago  mucrorf  fuutus^ 

Fwit  Eyperbonas  rtmn  OHdacibtiS  undas. 

De  5  Coof*  Hoiior,  vciv  55. 

Ocean, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


158  THE   HISTORY 

Ocean,  according  to  Orpheus,  faird  to  (8i) 
Ireland  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean  5  and  fo  to  the 
(83)  Pillars  of  Hercules,  where  they  entered 
again  into  the  Mediterranean  (84).  No  marks 
can  be  plainer,  lo  there  is  no  other  Band 
(thofe  of  Faroe  and  Iceland  excepted)  but  the 
northweft  Brittifh  Hands,  between  the  Cronian 
and  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  as  every  one  knows 
that  has  once  look'd  into  a  map  5  which  ex- 
pres  fituation  of  the  Hyperborean  Hand,  to- 
gether with  its  being  faid  by  Diodorus  to 
iy  beyond  the  Gallic  regions  towards  the  north, 
or  the  Bear,  the  frequent  ufe  of  the  Harp  thercj 
and  the  worfliip  of  Apollo  in  a  round  Tem- 
ple, amounts  I  think  to  as  full  a  proof  as  any 
thing  of  this  nature  requires.  Diodorus  adds, 
in  the  place  where  I  laft  quoted  him,  that  the 
Hyperborean  City  and  Temple  were  always  go- 
vern'd  by  the  family  of  the  (85)  Bore  ads  (86), 
who  with  no  more  probability  were  the  de- 
fcendants  1^  B  o  r  e  a  s,  an  imaginary  Per- 
fon  or  Deity,  than  the  Hyperboreans  were 
fo  call'd,  from  being Jttuated  more,  norther fy 

(82)  AyKtf/o^  t^^ana.^  tn^afUvc^  jriraivf. 
Hap  i'ecpct  vi^ov  aftt*€ev  Upvt^a,'      •    ■     ■ 

Ibid,  ifif.  11784 

(83)  Kvfia  iiavfiiffffovTtg,  ava  t?o|xa  rtpvijfl'wo 

Ibsd4  Vif*  1240* 

(84)  Now  the  Straits  of  GihraJtar. 

(85)  BafftAevstvrt  rt^g  ToXeaq  rauTij?,  km  m  niiivwq  vrapx^iv  T«^ 
jtvofiMXofxtvovq  Bop«a5a^,  airoyovov^  ovraq  Boptoy,  Aai  uUTdtyivog  atit 
hiii$Xct<r^at  Ttf<  apxaq.    Lib.  2.  fag.  IJOi 

(fi6)  Bo%£A9£l« 

thafi 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Ot  THE  DRUIDS.  1^9 

fhafi^  the  {%i)   North-wind:   but  in  reality 
they  were  then^  as  they  ate  ftill,  governed  by 
their  chiefs  or  heads  of  tribes,   whom  they 
caird  in  their  own  language  Boireadhach  ^ 
that  is  to  fay>   the  Great  ones,  or  powerful 
and  valiant  men,  from  Borr,  antiently  figni- 
fying  Grandeur  and  (s  8)  Majefty.    The  Greecs 
have  in  athoufand  inftances  apply 'd  foren  words 
'to  the  very  different  fcnfe  of  other  words  ap- 
proaching to  the  fame  found  in  their  own 
language.     Their  firft  failors  into  thofe  parts 
gave  the  Ilandcrs  the  name  of  Hyperboreans y 
from  their  lying  fofar  towards  the  North  with 
tcfpe£t  to  tlie  ftraights  of  Hercules,  (89)  for 
which    I  have  indifputable  authorities  i    and 
•after  having  once  thus  ftird  them,   they  gree- 
dily catch'd  at  the  allufive  foundof  their  Lea- 
ders or  Magiftrates,  Grecizing  thofc  Grandees, 
or  Boireadhach,    into   Boreades:    which 
.  was  literally  Uiidcrftood  in  Greece  of  the  fa^ 
buious  defendants  of  Boreas,   very  confo- 
.nantly  to  their  Mythology,  or,  if  you  will,  to 
.  their  Theology.     But  1  noted  (90)  before,  that 

(87)  A^o -tK  Tpoc(jriDTfpft)  ici/#Qa<  rij^  5opfi/ou  Tvo»i5.  L/^.  2.  ^.  150. 

(S8)  As  for  thefe  words  hort  and  Buireadhach  or  Bo'inadhacb 
(the  vowels  h  and  0  being  with  us  moft  frequently  put  for 
each  other)  I  might  appeal  to  feveral  authentic  Manufcripts; 
but,  becaufe  fuch  are  not  obvious  to  many,  1  chufe  rather 
to  refer  my  readers  to  the  Seanafan  nuadh^  or  printed  voca- 
bulary of  obfolete  words  by  O  Clery,  and  to  Lhuyd's 
printed  IriJh-EngVJh  DiBmafy  :  fo  that  thefe  words  are  no 
children  of  fancy,  as  but  too  frequently  happens  in  Etymt)- 
logies.  From  the  fame  root  are  Borr^rgach  couragious,  and 
BorrtboMdh  awe  or  wor{hip,  with  the  like. 

(89)  Now  of  G/^r4///ir. 

^  (90)  Letter  11.  SeQ ion  V. 


Digitized 


.hSSgk 


i<jo  THE    HISTORY 

pLAto,  in  his  Cratylus>  was  of  (91)  ti^ 
pinion  the  Greecs  had  borrow' d  many  wordt 
from  the  Barbarians ;  efpecially^  adclshc,^^)& 
of  the  Greecs  as  liv'din  the  Barbarian  territO'^ 
ties :  which  may  be  fairly  fuppos'd  to  include 
thofc  who  navigated,  or  that  drove  any  traf- 
fic among  them.  And  hence  the  divine  Phi* 
lofopher  himfelf  draws  this  accurate  (92)  in- 
ference, that  if  any  man  wou'd  indeavor  ta 
adfujt  the  Etymologies  of  thofe  words  with 
tne  Greec  language ^  and  not  rather  feek  for 
them  in  that  to  which  they  originally  belongs 
he  muji  needs  be  at  a  lofs.  Tis  farther 
moft  dcferving  obfervation ,  that  Eratos- 
thenes, an  antient  Chronologer  and  Geo- 
grapher of  vaft  reputation  for  Learning,  fpeak-^ 
ing  of  Apollo's  famous  Arrow ^  with  which 
he  flew  the  Cyclopes,  and  in  honor  of  whicii 
one  of  the  Confteliations  is  fo  call'd,  fays 
that  {9i)  he  hid  it  among  the  Hyperboreans^ 
where  there  is  his  Temple  made  of  wi^gs^  or 
a  winged  Temple ,  the  words  being  capable  of 
both  lenfes.  If  the  latter  was  the  meaning 
of  Eratosthenes,  we  have  already  given 
the  Defcription  of  fuch  a  winged  Temple^ 

(91)  £woM  ya^^  6tI  nnhkti  6<  EAA^vl^  ovojuuertf,  ttXKm^  rt  ueu  li 
vVo  T0/<  $ap%ctpotq  otHovvrtiy  vApa  tmv  ^cif^mv  %ik^^a9u  Inttr  O* 
pra^  Edit.  Paris.  Vol*  i.  pag,  ^o^* 

(92)  Hi  t<<  Knroi  rccvrci  kuto.  mv  'EAAMViiet^v  4^vtfv  «<  foiit«T«»t 
KfiTtf I,  aXkcL  |xif  K«T*  f MKvifv  •!  >)<  TO  f vojbui  tvy%ayu  ov,  oirOa  &rg 
4KTopo<  av.    Ibid* 

(99)  Eicpi/'I'C  S<  AMTo  [ro  ro^ikovl  iv  tfrfpjSoptiuf,  6v  iten  5  weo^  i 
^Tpivoq.    In  Catafierifmis^  Inttf  Of^fmla  MjthQUffca  0$  ThyRcM^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


OP  THE   DRUIDS.  161 

yet  ftanding  there  :  and  if  the  former,  no  place 
under  heaven  cou  d  furnifh  more  feathers,  nor 
of  mbrc  various  kinds,  to  adorn  men  or  build- 
ings, than  thofe  fame  Hands  5  where  many  of 
the  inhabitants  pay  their  rent  with  them,  and 
make  a  confiderable  profit  befides.  For  this 
reafon  perhaps,  and  not  from  its  promonto- 
ries, the  lie  of  Skie  is  in  the  language  of  the 
natives  call'd  Sdanach,  (94)  or  the  winged 
Hand,  whereof  the  Englifti  name  Skie  is  an  ab- 
breviation Or  corruption.  Now>  if  the  He- 
brides were  the  Hyperboreans  of  Diodorus 
(as  I  fancy  it  can  fcarce  hereafter  be  doubted) 
then  the  moft  celebrated  Abaris  was  both  of 
that  Country  and  likewife  a  Druid,  having  been 
the  (95)  Prieft  of  Apollo.  Suidas,  who 
knew  not  the  diftindion  of  Infular  Hyperbo- 
reans, makes  him  a  Scythian  j  as  do  fome  o- 
thers  mifled  by  the  fame  Vulgar  error,  tho 
Diodorus  has  truly  fix*d  his  country  in  the 
Hand,  not  on  the  continent.  And  indeed 
their  fidions  or  blunders  are  infinite  concern- 
ing our  Abaris.  This  is  certain  however  a- 
jmong  'cm  all,  that  he  travell'd  quite  over  {96) 
Greece,  and  from  thence  into  Italy,  where  he 
familiarly  conversed  with  Pythagoras  j  who 

(94)  tHean  Scimhavach. 

C95)  *^*  '***'  ^^^  ^'^^  ^^  ^^^^  XPMowv  iriUiltv  AjSapi J/ Tfti  'T-Tfip- 

fiop^9   tnM0<tvri  auTov  At^Xvva  ttvat  row  tv  'TvspQoptoi^  $  6vx$p 

tf  V  Ifptuc  6  A^afi^y  /3te«uoyr«  4i  rovro  ahtfBti  TtBpv?Jitrteu.     Tcf» 

phrrttts  in  'oUa  PythMgofOi*     Badim,  et  itfdemefmdem  V9riisiabtt 

^/t^UchuSt  Lib.  ucap.  l8. 

(96)  Ci9aur»q.^t  nai  tu  tmv  J'ripeop«fl#v  Aj3«^iy  fi^  rifV  *£AAa^a  siO" 
^atyT>iC(xvrA  to  vaKatav,  gjc*  XJU/Hfr4% 

^,yofc.  I.  L  fayofa 

*  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


i6z  THE    HISTORY 

favor'd  him  bcyOnd  all  his  Difciplcs,  by  im* 
parting  his  dodrines  to  him  (efpecially  his 
thouglks  of  nature)  in  a  more  compendious 
and  plainer  method,  than  to  any  others.  This 
diftindion  cou'd  not  but  h%hly  redound  to 
the  advantage  of  Abaris.    For,  the  reafons  of 
Pythagoras's  backwardnefs  and  retention  in 
communicating  his  dodrines,   being,   in  the 
firft  place,  that  he  might  eradicate  (if  pofliblc) 
cut  of  the  minds  of  his  Difciples  all  vitious  and 
turbulent  paffions,  forming  them  by  degrees 
to  a  habit  of  virtue,  which  is  the  beft  prepa- 
rative for  receiving  Truth  5   as,  next,  to  fit 
them,  by  a  competent  knowlege  of  the  Ma- 
thematical Sciences,   for  reafoning  with  ex- 
adnefs  about  thofe  higher  contemplations  of 
nature,  into  which  they  were  to  be  initiated  $ 
and,  laftly,   to  have  repeated  proofs  of  their 
difcretion  in  concealing  fuch  important  difco- 
veries  from  the  ignorant  and  the  wicked^  the 
latter  being  unworthy,  and  the  former  inca- 
pable of  true  Philofophy :  it  follows  therefore, 
that  he  judg'd  Abaris  already  fufficiently  pre- 
pared in  all  thefc  refpefts,    and  fo  he  oblig'd 
him  with  an  immediate  communication  of  his 
moft  inward  fentiments  h  concealed  from  others 
under  the  vail  of  numbers,  or  of  fome  other 
enigmatical  Symbols.  The  Hyperborean  in  re- 
turn pirefented  the  Samian,  as  if  he  had  equaird 
Apollo  himfelf  in  Wifdom,  with  the /acred 
Arrow  j  riding  aftridc  which  he's  fabuloufly 
reported  by  the  Gtcec  writers,  to  have  flown 
in  the  air  over  rivers  and  lakes,    forefts  and 
I        -  -  •    moon^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF   THE  DRUII>S.  163 

mountains:   as  our  vulgar  (till  i>elieve,   and 
no  where  more  than  in  the  Hebrides,    that 
wizards  and  witches  waft  whither  they  pleafe 
upon  Broom-fticks.    But  what  was  hid  under 
this  Romantic  expedition,  with  the  true  mean- 
ing of  the  Arrow  it  felf,   the  nature  of  the    ' 
predidions  that  Abaris  fpread  in  Greece,;and 
the  dodrines  that  he  learnt  at  Crotona  5  with 
the  conceit  of  thefe  Hypcrbore^s  that  La- 
TONA  the  mother  of  Apollo,   was  bom  a- 
mong  them,  nay  that  he  was  fo  too,  and  their 
moft   exaft  aftronomical  cycle  of    nineteen 
years :   thefe  particulars,  I  fay,   you'll  read  at 
large  in  my  Hiftory  of  the  ^ruidsy  ftript  of  all 
fable  anddifguifci  as  well  as  a  full  difcuilion 
of  the  Queftion  (about  which  antient  writers 
are  divided)  whether  f^^  Druids  learnt  their 
(97)  fymboUcal  and  enigmatical  method  of 
teaching-,  together  with  the  doctrine  ofTranf 
migrationfrom  Pythagoras,  or  that  this  Thi- 
lofopher  had  borrowed  thefe  particulars  from 
the  Druids  ? ,    The  communication  between 
them  was  eafy  enough,   not  only  by  means 
of  fuch  travellers  as  Pythagoras  and  Abaris, 
but  alfo  by  the  nearnefs  of  Gaule  to  Italy : 
tho  there  will  ftill  remain  another  Queftion> 
viz.  whether  the  Egyptians  had  not  thefe  things 
before  either  of  them  5  and  therefore  whether 
they  did  not  both  receive  them  from  the  E- 
gyptians  \ 

<r»o^fn»f*«  w«  <M«#>]^ai*    Jfi^gen.  Lam.  in  frffom.  SeS*  6. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


164  THE   HISTORY 

Vin.  YET  before  all  things  we  muft  here 
examine  what  can  be  ofFcr'd,  with  any  color, 
againft  our  account  of  the  Hyperborean  Iland\ 
after  that  fo  many  circumftanccs,    and  particu- 
larly the  fituation,  feem  to  point  dcmonftra- 
tively  to^the  true  place:  nor  certainly,  when 
things  are  duely  confidcr'd,  will  the  objedions 
that  have  been  ftarted  in  private  converfation 
(as  I  know  of  no  other  that  can  be  publickly 
made)  be  found  to  have  the  leaft  difficulty. 
Thulc  or  Iceland,  rightly  plac'd  by  Claudian 
in  the  (98)  Hyperborean  Climate,  bcfidcs  the 
incongruities  of  the  foil  and  the  intemperate- 
ncfs  of  the  air^   is  diftinguifh'd  by  Diodorus 
himfelf  from  the  Hand  in  queftion  :    and  the 
lies  of  Faroe,  being  onely  a  parcel  of  barren 
rocks  of  very  (mail  extent,  without  any  mo- 
numents of  antiquity,   deferve  not  fo  much 
as  to  be  mentioned  on  this  occafion.   Neither 
indeed  has  any  of  my  acquaintance  infifted  on 
cither  of  thefe.     But  Diodorus  (fays  one  of 
'cm)  tho  exadly  agreeing  to  your  Situation  or 
that  of  Orpheus,  and  that  your  other  cir- 
cumftanccs do  perfedly  tally  to  his  dcfcription: 
yet  is  different  in  this,  that  he  fpeaks  oncly  of 
one  Hand,  not  lefs  than  {99)  Sicily ;  where- 
as you  underftand  this  of  feveral  Hands,  which 

(j8)  Te,  quo  libet  ire,  fcquemur : 

Te  vcl  HyperborcQ  damnatam  fidere  Thulea^ 
Tc  vel  aa  inccnfas  Libyae  cpmicabor  arenas. 
In  Rufn*  lib.  2* 

akogc-^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  t6s 

altogether  have  fcarce  that  extent.  I  anfwer, 
that  the  marks  of  the  right  place  which  I  have 
mentioned  already^  and  fuch  others  as  I  fhall 
'  prefently  alledge,  will  more  than  counterba- 
lance any  miftake  (if  there  be  any)  about  the 
bignefs  of  the  Hand.  TrayeUers  and  Mariners, 
who  either  have  not  been  afliore  or  not  ftaid 
long  enough  in  any  place  to  furvey  it,  are 
known  to  fpeak  onely  by  guefs,  and  frequent- 
ly very  much  at  random.  Has  not  Great  Britain 
it  felf  (fo  much  celebrated,  as  Pliny  juftly 
(lod)  wrifes,  by.  the  Greec  and  Roman  au- 
thors) been  taken  to  be  of  vaft  extent,  and 
not  certainly  known  by  the  Romans  to  be  an 
Hand,  till  the  time  (loi)  of  Vespasian? 
Endlefs  examples  of  this  kind  might  eafily  be 
produced.  And  as  for  the  multitude  of  thofe 
Ilands,  which  are  feparated  onley  by  narrow 
channels,  it  makes  nothing  at  all  againft  me. 
For,  befides  that  fu^h  an  aggregation  of  Ilands 
is  often  taken  in  conimon  fpeech  for  onely 
one  i  as  not  to  go  out  of  our  own  Dominions, 
fuch  is  Schetland,  in  name  one  country,  but 
in  cffeft  confifting  of  more  than  30  Ilands  : 
fo  there  are  feveral  indications,  join  d  to  the 
Tradition  of  the  Inhabitants  (of  which  fee 
Dr.  Martin  in  his  Account  of  Saint  Kilda 
and  clfewhere)  fhat  fom.e  of  thofe  wcftern  I- 
lands  have  been  formerly  united,  and  many. 
of  them  nearer  ca<:h  othef  than  at  prcfcnt. 

(loc)  See  Seaion  IIL 
^iQi)  Jfc?i  Scftion  V, 

L  I  How- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


166  THE    HISTORY 

However,  taking  them  as  they  now  arc,  Lewis, 
otherwife  call'd  tife  Long  lland^  being  at  Icaft 
a  hundred  miles  in  (102)  length,  Skie  forty, 
feveral  of  the  reft  above  four  and  twenty  each, 
and  all  appearing  as  one  Iland  (having  many 
winding  bays  or  inlets)  to  one  who  fails  with- 
out them,  or  that  touches  onely  at  fome  of  the 
greatcfti    confidcring  this,  I  fay,  the  miftakc 
will  not  be  reckoned  fo  enormous  in  a  failor 
or  ftranger,  if  he  compares  them  in  the  lump 
to  Sicily  for  extent.    Another  pcrfon  granting 
all  this,  objefts  that  Diodorus  reprefents  the 
Hyperborean  Iland  a  very  (103)  temperate  re- 
gioui  which,  according  to  my  friend,  cannot  be 
faid  of  any  place  in  the  northern  Latitude  of  5  8, 
and  partly  of  59.  But  whoever  has  travell'd  far 
himfelf,  or  read  the  Relations  of  fuch  as  havej 
will  be  convinced  that  the  feafons  in  every  rc» 
gion  of  the  world,   do  not  always  anfwcr  to 
their  pofition:  of  which  the  caufes  arc  various, 
as  huge  ridges  of  mountains,  the  neighborhood 
6f  vaft  lakes  or  marfhcs,  winds  blowing  from 
places  cover'd  with  fnow,  or  the  like.     Thus 
Britain  and  Ireland  are  known,  not  onely  to 
be  much  more  temperate  than  the  places  on 
the  Continent  of  the  fame  pofition  with  them, 

(102)  I  reckon  •sCf.  Martin  and  the  natives  do,  froni 
f1^  010ft  northerly  point  of  Lewis  to  Bernera  (buth  of  Bar* 
xa,  this  firing  oif  Ilandt  being  onely  divided  by  chann^t 
SBoftly  fordable :  and  if  it  be  confider'd  that  T  make  ule  of 
8cotti{h  miles,  every  place  is  at  leaft  a  third  part  more,  fte-« 
cording  to  thp  £nglim  or  Italian  meafure. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUIDS,  167 

but  even  than  fomc  of  fuch  as  arc  more  fou* 
thcrly ;  by  reafon  of  the  fait  vapors  and  con- 
tinual agitations  of  the  furrounding  Ocean^ 
which  diffolve,  allay,  and  mitigate  the  frofts 
and  winds  blowing  from  the  Continent.  This 
holds  as  true  with  regard  to  the  Hebrides,  which 
by  experience  are  allowed  to  be  yet  more  tem- 
perate s  the  fnow  not  lying  near  fo  long  as  in 
Britain,  and  a  tepid  vapor  beihgvery  feniiblc 
there  in  the  midft  of  winter.  This  was  c- 
nough  to  fill  the  Greec  failors  with  admira- 
tion, which  to  us  ought  to  be  none  5  iina 
their  learned  men  often  fpoke  of  many  places, 
not  as  they  adually  were  in  themfelves,  but 
as  in  their  (peculations  they  imagined  they  ought 
to  be :  without  confidering  whedier  there  might 
not  occur  fome  of  the  diveriifying  drcumftances 
we  have  juft  now  hinted,  or  any  others  beget- 
ting the  like  influences.  But  that  moft  faga- 
cious  interpreter  of  nature,  Hippocrates, 
knew  better  things,  when  he  taught  what  he 
learnt  by  experience  (having  been  an  Ilander 
himfelf)  that  Hands,  fituated  (104)  far  in  the 
fea,  are  kindly  warm,  and  that  no  fnow  can 
lie  on  them  in  winter  5  while  fuch  as  are  near 
the  fliore  become  fcarce  habitable  for  cold,  by 
reafon  of  the  fnow  and  ice  remaining  on  the 
continent,  which  from  thence  tranfmit  bleak 
winds  inta  thofe  Hands.     The  antients,  who 

.  O04)  TtfV  If  v»ftf«v*ai  iMvgyyvi  rwt  ^^rmpuv,  lu#x<ifctpftirf^ 
%i9iv  §  di  Zt  TovTiOi*    mMtvQTipeu  rov  x/nfitovet :  ^lon  dt  Xfw$^  uoLt 

9^lsflfovetv  $Q  retq  •yyu€_v>j«uc.  Tec  Z$  rthayia  oun  fx«i  qcuiv  $v 
%$HL»vh  pe  Vheta^  lA*  u  cap.  }. 

L4  Juds'4 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


168  THE  HISTOP.V 

judg'd  of  places  where  they  never  were  by 
their  bare  pofitions,  did  confequcntly  enough 
from  thence  conclude  the  torrid  Zone  to  be 
inhabitable  :  but  fiacc  this  Zone  has  not  one- 
ly  been  frequently  vifited,  but  is  daily  pene- 
trated to  the  temperate  and  cold  Zones  be- 
yond it,  'tis  not  onely  found  every  where  in- 
habited 5  but  thofc  breezes  and  fhowers,  with 
other  caufes,  that  make  living  there  very  com- 
fortable, are  the  common  themes  of  Philofo- 
phcrs.    This  brings  me  to  the  laft^  and  feem- 
ingly  the  ftrongcft  Objedion,  *  viz.   that   the 
Hyperborean  Hand  of  Diodorus,  or  rather  of 
Hecateus  and  others  long  before  him,  was 
fo  plentiful  as  to  have  (105)  two  crops  a 
year.    Yet  this  expreflion,  upon  a  fan:  con- 
ftru^on,  will  be  ifo  far  from  cmbaraffing, 
that  it  will  highly  illuftrate  my  explication. 
It  oncly  iignifies  great  plenty  and  abimdance, 
which  I  cou'4  inftance  by  n^any  paflages  of 
the  antientsi  bui;  fhall  chufc  the  neareft  home 
I  can,  and  that  is  what  (106)  Vhigil  f^yspif 
Italy s    ■'  '■     ;  ^  ' 

perpetual  fprjng  our  happy  Climate  fees^ 
Twice  breed  t hi  cattle  y  and  twice,  kear  thei 

trees  $ 
'^Sndfummet  Jms  recfde  iyfiow  degreets. 

;        Diiy  ww'3  Ti;anflatipni 

<io5)  Read  the  INoU  idnmediAtel/  preceding,  bateios  cmei 
^io<$)  Hie  v^'ftfficlttutiiy  fttque  aliems  tnenubus  ae&s  ;  ' 
^      ^  gravidae  pecudes,  bis  pomis^  atilis  arbo^  > 
"     «      "       -    I     •   '  Geofgic%  Ttb*  %• 

But 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OrF    THE    PRUJDS.        169 

Bat  who  is  ignorant,  tlmt  this  is  not  literally 
true  i  and  as  to  the  plenty  meant  by  it  in  ge- 
neral, 'tis  certain  that  no   country  abounds 
more  with  the  neceflarics  of  life,  and  at  lets 
labor  or  charge,   than  the  Hebrides.    I  (hall 
dwell  fo  much  the  longer  on  this  he^d,  as  my 
Hifi^ry  may  poflibly  reach  further  than  the 
Celtic  Nations.     Wherefore,  in  the  firft  place, 
there  is  known  to  be  in  thofe  Il^nds  a  prodi- 
gious plenty  of  Flefli  and  Filh?     Their  cattle 
of  all  forts  (as  Cows,  Sheep,  Goats,  and  Hogs) 
are  exceding  nunaerous  and  prolific :  fmall  in- 
deed of  fize,  as  are  likewife  their  Hpsfes,  but 
pf  a  fwect  and  delicious  tafte.     Sq  ^xc  their 
Decir,  which  freely  range  in  hj^rds  on  the 
Mountains.     No  place  can  compare  with  this 
for  tame  and  wild  fowl,   there  bei^ig  of  thp 
latter  no  where  in  the  world  a  greater  divej^ 
lity,  mafty  forts  of  'em  extremely  bjgautiful  Of 
rare,  and  utterly  unknown  elfewhc^e.     The 
like  may  be  faid  of  their  various  amphibious 
animals.    Numberlefs  are  their  fountains  and 
fprings,  rivulets,  riyers,  and  lakes,  vpry  whplq- 
fom  in  their  waters,  and  every  where  fuper- 
.  abounding  with  fifli,  efpccially  the  moft  deli- 
cate, as  Trout  and  Salmon :  nor  is  it  by  Her- 
rings alone  that  all  Europe  knows  no  Seas  to 
be  better  ftor'd,  nor  with  more  kinds,   from 
the  (hrimp  to  the  whale  5  as  no  harbors  or  bays 
arc  fuperior,  whether  regard  be  had  to  nuni- 
ber  or  comrtiodipufnef?.     Add  to  this  their 
variety  of  excellent  roots  and  plants,  particu-    - 
iatly  thofe  of  marine  growth,  every  one  of 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


I70  THE   HISTORY 

them  ferving  for  food  or  phyiic  Their  paf- 
turcs  are  (b  kindly,  that  they  might  live  on 
milk  alone,  with  that  inconceivable  quantity 
erf"  Eggs  they  yearly  gather  of  the  defart  rocks 
and  UetSi  But  flefh  and  fifli,  milk-meats,  eggs, 
and  fallads  in  the  greateft  abundance  (fome 
will  be  apt  to  fay)  arc  flcnder  and  comfortlcis 
food  without  the  ftafF  of  bread.  On  this  af- 
fertion,  tho  I  might  fairly  difpute  it  from  the 
pradice  of  whole  nations,  and  the  experience 
of  particular  perfons  no  ftrangcrs  to  mc,  I 
will  not  however  infift  j  bread,  among  their 
<>ther  produ&ions,  being  plentiful  enough  in 
the  Hebrides,  which  ibmetimes  cannM  be  faid 
of  the  neighboring  Hands.  The  ground  is  ge- 
nerally allow'd  to  be  much  richer  than  on  die 
Scottiih  continent,  ibme  parts  whereof  are 
not  feldom  fupply'd  (107)  hence  with  com : 
and  I  have  alfo  fuch  proofs  of  it  from  Dr.  Mar- 
TiN  (who,  when  he  wrote  his  ^efcriftitm  of 
thofe  Hands,  was  far  from  dreaming  of  the 
Hyperboreans)  as  will  fufficiently  ji^ify  the 
expreflion  of  Diodorus  about  their  crops  or 
harvefts.  Lewis  is  very  fraitful :  and  tho  Bar- 
ley, Oats,  and  Rye,  be  the  onely  grain  fown 
there  at  prefent;  yet  the  ground  both  in  that, 
and  in  mod  of  the  other  (108)  Hands  is  fit 
to  bear  wheat,  and  confcquently  Lcgtunes  of 
all  forts.  'Tis  trucly  amazing  they  have  aay 
crop  at  all,  confidering  how  unskilful  they  arc 
in  Agriculture,  how  dcftitute  of  the  propocft 

(107)  See  Dr.  Martin*/  Vefcriftwn^  page  i4o» 

(108)  Pagp  53,337,  &c» 

^       ,  inftm- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQI  '^ 


OF  THE  DRUIDS,  17; 

inftramcnts  to  till  the  ground,  and  that  they 
fcarce  ufc  any  other  manure  but  fea- wrack  of 
tangles.  From  the  ignorance  of  the  inhabi- 
tants in  thcfe  refpeds,  as  alfo  in  planting,  in- 
clofing,  and  draining,  many  fruitfial  (pots  ly 
uncultivated :  but  the  abundance  of  choice 
Eatables  (and  namely  the  moft  nourlfliing  fliell- 
fifh  of  various  kinds)  with  whidi  they  are  rich- 
ly fi^ply'd  by  bountiful  nature,  contributes 
more  than  any  thing  to  that  Indolence,  whicb 
the  antient  Greecs  eikem'd  theif  H^ppine0i 
The  goodnefs  of  the  foil  appears  by  aothic^ 
more  evidently,  than  by  the  want  of  cultivi^ 
tion,  whereof  I  have  been  juft  complaining. 
Dr.  Martin,  who  was  an  Ey-witnefs,  and 
ftri6\ly  examined  the  faft,  affirms  (109)  that  in 
Bernera,  near  Harries,  the  produce  of  Barley 
is  many  times  fropi  twenty  to  thirty-fold  i 
that  in  Harries  and  South-Uift  (no)  one 
barky-grain  fometimes  produces  from  leven 
to  fourteen  ears,  as  in  North-U^  from  ten 
to  thirty-fold  (in)  in  a  plentifiij  year  5  that 
at  Corchattan,  in  Skie,  the  incr^fe  (112)  a^ 
mounted  once  to  thirty-five^  that  if  the  ground 
be  laid  down  for  fome  time,  it  gives  a  good 
(113)  crop  without  dunging,  fome  fields  not 
having  been  dung'd  in  forty  years  5  and  that 
he  was  informed  a  fmall  tra^  of  ground,  at 


5 


(109)  Page  /^u 

1 10)  Ibid. 

111)  Pftge  53. 

(112)  P«gc  132. 

(113)  P»gei3J!. 

Digiti§(^y^f3fOgle 


\7z  THE  HISTORY 

Skcrry-brcck  (i  14)  in  the  faid  He  of  Skie,  1^4 
yielded  a  hundred-fold.  Nay,  I  have  been  told 
my  felf  by  a  native  of  that  lie,  that  the  peo- 
ple there  believe  they  might  have  two  crops 
a  year,  if  they  took  due  pains.  For  this  I 
beg'd  their  pardon,  but  allowed  what  was  tan- 
tamount, fihce  the  words  of  Diodorus  may 
no  lefs  juftly  be  rendered  a  double  cropy  than 
two  (115)  crops  J  which  laft  however  is  in 
fome  refpeds  literally  tme.  For  with  regard 
to  their  paftures  (of  which  fomewhat  before) 
nothing  is  more  common  than  for  a  (heep  to 
have  two  (116)  lambs  at  a  time.  This  not 
oncly  confirms  my  conftruftion,  and  puts  me 
in  mind  of  that  vcrfe  in  (117)  Vjrgil, 

Shefuckles  twins j,  and  twice  ^  day  is  milkd : 

but  alfo  of  what  the  fo  often  mention^ 
Dr.  Martin  relates  on  this  (118)  pecafionj 
which  is,  that  befides  the  ordinary  rent  a  te- 
nant paid,  it  was  a  cuftom  in  the  Hands,  if  any 
of  his  cows  or  fliecp  brought  two  young  ones 
4t  a  time,  one  of  them  was  to  gd  to  the 
Landlord  :  who,  on  his  part,  was  obligjl, 
if  any  of  his  tenant  s  wives  bore  twins>  to 
take  one  of  them  into  his  own  family  i  and 

.    (114)  Ibid. 

(115)  Airlou^  KCLpvovi* 

I116)  PageioS. 

(XI 7)  Bis  venit  ad  muiSrami  binos  ftlit  ubere  {betas- 

(nS)  Page  109, 

that 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OI'  THE  DRUIDS.  ifi 

that  he  fiimfelf  knew  a  Gentleman,  who  h4d  fix- 
fecn  of  thefe  twins  in  his  houfe  at  a  time.  'Tis 
no  wonder  they  are  populous.  Even  the  wild 
Goats  on  the  Mountains,  for  fuch  there  arc  in 
Harries,  are  obferv'd  to  bring  (up)  forth  their 
young  twice  a  year :  all  which  put  together, 
makes  the  laft  objedion  againft  me  to  be  none, 
and  therefore  finally  juftifies  my  explication 
of  the  paffage  in  Diodorus.  From  hence  ^tis 
evident.  My  Lord,  that  thofe  Hands  are  ca- 
pable of  great  improvement,  as  they  abound 
likewife  in  many  curiolities,  efpecially  in  Sub- 
jcfts  of  Philofophical  obfervation.  Nor  is  it 
Jcfs  plain  by  the  many  anticnt  Monuments 
remaining  among  them,  and  the  marks  of  the 
plow  reaching  to  the  very  tops  of  the  nioun-» 
tains  (which  the  artlefs  inhabitants  think  in- 
capable of  culture)  that  in  remote  ages  they 
were  in  a  for  more  flourifhing  condition  than 
at  prefent-  The  ruins  of  fpacious  houfes,  and 
the  numerous  Obelifcs,  old  Forts,  Temples, 
Altars,  with  the  like,  which  I  have  defcrib'd 
(120)  before,  undeniably  prove  this:  befides 
that  the  country  was  formerly  full  of  woods, 
as  appears  by  the  great  Oak  and  Firr-trees  dai- 
Jy  dug  out  of  the  ground,  and  by  many  other 
tokens  5  there  being  feveral  fmail  woods  and 
coppices  ftill  remaining  in  Skie,  Mull,  and  other 
places.  Tho  I  don't  pretend,  no  more  than 
Diodorus,  that  thefe  were  the  fortunate 

riT9)P«ge55. 

(uo)  Letter  It.  SeQicKis  VIII|  IX,  X|&c# 

Hands 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


174  THE    HISTORY 

Hands  of  the  Poets,  or  the  Elyzian-fields  of 
the  dead,  hf  fome  plac'd  in  thofe(izi)  fcas, 
as  by  others  dfewhcrc  5  yet  the  following  lines 
of  (122)  HoftACE  agree  to  no  fpot  better, 
than  the  Hands  we  have  been  juftdefcribing. 


From  lofty  hills 


With  murmuring  pace  the  fountain  trills. 
There  Goats  uru:aud  return  from  fruitful 
valeSy  ^ 

And  bring  fir  etch' d  dugs  to  fill  the  pails. 
No  bear  grins  round  the  foldy  no  lambs  he 
(bakes  5 
IsLo  field  fwells   there   with  poys'nous 
fnakes. 
More  we  fball  wonder  on  the  happy  plain: 

The  wat'ry  Eaft  defcends  in  rain^ 
Tetfo  as  to  refresh  y  not  drown  the  fields  y 
The  temperate  glebe  full  harvefi  yields. 
No  heat  annoys :  the  ruler  of  the  Gods 
From  plagues  fecures  thefe  bleft  abodes. 

Creech's  Tranflation. 

(121)  VidoAs  AonoCAtionem  6%  8c  6^ 

(122)  ■■  MoDtibus  aids 

Levis  crepante  lympha  defilit  pede. 
Illic  itijuffiie  veniunt  ad  mal&ra  capcllaei 

Refertque  tenta  grex  amicus  ubenu 
Nee  vefpertinus  circum^mit  urfus  ovile^ 

Nee  intumdfirit  alta  vipcris  hutnus. 
Pluraqtie  fclices  mirabirour  :  ut  neque  largis 

Aquofus  £urus  arva  radac  imbribus, 
I^nguia  nee  ficcis  urantur  feroina  glebis ; 

Utrumqae  Rege  temperance  Coeutum. 

Efod.  16.  mtn  47# 

The 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  175 

The  Inhabitants  (that  1  may  make  a  complete 
commentary    on  the  paflage  of  Diodorus) 
arc  not  to  be  mended  in  the  proportion  of 
their  perfons :    no  prcpofterous  bandages  dif- 
torting  them  in  the  cradle^  nor  hindring  na** 
tore  from  duely  forming  their  limbs  5  whkh 
is  the  reafon,  that  bodily  imperfedions  of  any 
fort  are  very  rare  among  them.    Neither  does 
any  over-officioufly  preventive  Phyfic  in  their 
infancy,   fpoil    their    original    conftitution  j 
whence  they  have  fo  ftrong  a  habit  of  body, 
that  one  of  them  requires  treble  the  dofe, 
as  will  purge  any  man  in  the  fouth  of  Scot- 
land.   But  what  contributes  above  all  things 
to  their   health  and  longevity,   is   conftant 
Temperance  and  Exercife.     As  they   prefer 
convenicncy  to  ornament  both  in  their  houfes 
and  their  apparel  (which  laft  I  think  not  diP 
agreeable)  fo,  in  their  way  of  eating  and  drink- 
ing, they  rather  fatisfy  than  opprefs  nature. 
Their  food  is    commonly   frefli,    and  their 
meals  two  a  day,   water  being  the  ordinary 
drink  of  the  vulgar.   They  are  ftrangers  to  ma- 
ny of  the  Diftempers,  as  they  are  to  moft  of  the 
Vices  of  other  nations,  for  fome  of  which 
they  have  not  fo  much  as  a  name  :  and  it 
may  no  lefs  truely  be  obferv'd  of  thcfe  than 
of  the  ancient  Scythians,  that  (i2j)  the  ig- 
norance of  vices  has  had  a  better  effed  upon 
them,  than  the  knowlege  of  Philofophy  upon 

Ci2j)  Tanto  plus  in  illis  proficit  vltiortim  ignorAtia, 
qaam  in  his  Itfrateif  mmif$$m}  cognicio  virtutis.    Juitxn* 

politer 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


t76  THE  HISTORY 

politer  nations.  They  owe  every  thing  toniivitt. 
They  cure  all  diforders  of  the  body  by  fimplcs 
of  their  own  growth,  and  by  proper  diet  or 
labor.  Hence  they  are  ftout  and  adive,  dex- 
trous in  all  their  exercifes  5  as  they  are  with- 
all  remarkably  fagacious,  choleric  but  eafily 
appeaz'd,  fociable,  good  natur'd>  ever  cheerful, 
and  having  a  ftrong  inclination  to  Mufic :  all 
which  particulars,  with  the  other  parts  ot  their 
paft  and  prefent  charafter,  I  have  not  onely 
learnt  from  the  concurrent  teftimonies  of  fc- 
veral  judicioifis  authors  5  but  alfo  froni  the  in- 
timate knowlege  I  have  had  my  felf  of  many 
fcores  of  the  natives,  as  well  in  Scotland  as 
clfwhere.  They  are  hofpitable  beyond  cxprcf- 
iion,  intertaining  all  ftrangers  of  what  condi- 
tion foever  gratis  5  the  ufe  of  mony  being  ftill 
in  fome  of  thofe  Hands  unknown,  and  till  a 
few  ages  paft  in  all  of  them.  They  have  no 
Lawyers  or  Attorneys :  which,  no  more  than 
feveral  other  particulars  here  fpecify'd,  I  do  not 
undcrftand  of  the  Highlanders  on  the  conti^ 
nent  5  tho  fpeaking  the  fame  language,  and 
wearing  the  fame  drcfs  with  them.  The  men 
and  women  plead  their  own  caufesj  and  a 
very  fpeedy  decifion  is  made  by  the  Prc^rie- 
tor,  who's  Perpetual  prelident  in  their  courts, 
or  by  his  Bailiff  as  his  fubftitute^  In  a  word, 
they  arc  equally  void  of  the  two  chief  plagues 
of  JVIankind,  Luxury  and  Ambition  5  whidi 
confequently  frees  them  from  all  thofe  reftlels 
purfuits,  confuming  tbils,  and  never-failing 
vexations,  that  men  fuffcr  elfewhere  fpr  thofe 

airyt 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  177 

,  airy,  trifling,  fhortliv'd  vanities.     Their  con- 
temt  of  fuperfluities  is  falfly  reckoned  Poverty, 
fmce  their  felicity  confifts  not  in  having  much, 
but  in  coveting  little  j  and  that  he's  fupreme- 
iy  rich,  who  wants  no  more  than  he  has :  for 
as  they,    who  live  according  to  nature,   will 
never  be  poor  5  fo  they,   who  live  according 
to  opinion,  will  never  be  rich.     Tis  certain 
that  no  body  wants,  what  he  does  not  defirc : 
and  how  much  eafier  is  it  not  to  defire  certain 
things,  than  otherwife  i  as  it  is  far  more  healthy 
and  happy  to  want,  than  to  injoy  them.  Nei- 
ther is  their  ignorance  of  vices  in  thefe  Hands 
any  diminution  to  their  virtue,  fince  (not  be- 
ing by  their  fituationxoncern'd  in  any  of  the 
difputes  about  dominion  or  conamerce,    that 
diftrad  the  world)  they  arc  not  onely  rigid 
obfervers  of  Juftice,  but  (how  left  propenfity 
than  any  People  to  tumults  5  except  what  they 
may  be  unwarily  led  into  by  the  extraordina- 
ry deference  they  pay  to  the  opinion  of  their 
Chiefs  and  Leaders,  who  are  accountable  for 
the  mifchiefs  they  fometimes  bring  (as  at  this 
very  (i  24)  time)  on  thefe  well-meaning  Hyper- 
boreans.  For  Hyperboreans  I  will  now  prc- 
fumc  to  call  them,    and  withall  to  claim  A- 
BARis  as  a  Pliilofopher  of  the  Brittifh  worlds 
which  has  principally  occafion'd  this  Digreffi- 
on  J  on  that  account  not  improper,  nor,  I  hope, 
altogether  ufclcfs  in  other  refpeds.     Be  this 
as    your  Lordfliip  fhall  think  fit  to  judge,  I 

Vol.  I.  M  ^wiU. 

Digitized  by  L.X30gle 


178  TH£    history 

will  not  finifti  it  bcforfe  I  have  acquainted  you 
with  an  odd  cuftom  or  two,  that  have  from 
time  immemorial  obtained  in  Barta  and  the 
leflcr  circumjacent  Hands,  which  ate  the  pro- 
perty of  Mac-neil.  The  prefent  is  the  thirty 
fifth  Lord  of  Barra  by  uninterrupted  lineal  d^ 
fcent,  a  thing  whereof  no  Prince  intheworlfi 
can  boaft :  and  he's  regarded,  you  may  imi^ 
gine,  as  no  mean  potentate  by  his  fubjefij^s, 
who  know  none  greater  than  he.  (125)  When 
the  wife  of  any  of  *em  dies,  he  has  immediate 
recOurfe  to  his  Lord,  rcprefenting  firft  his  own 
lofs  in  the  want  of  a  meet  help  5  and  next 
thiat  of  Mac-neil  himfelf,   if  he  fiiould  not 

foon  to  beget  followers  for  him.  Hereupon 
dAC-NEiL  finds  out  a  futeable  match  (neither 
iide  ever  difliking  his  choice,  but  accepting  it 
as  the  higheft  favor)  and  the  marriage  is  cele^ 
brated  without  any  courtftiip,  portion  or  dow- 
ry. But  they  never  fail  to  make  merry  on 
fuch  occafions  with  a  bottle  or  more  of  Uf- 
quebah.  On  the  other  hand,  (126)  when  any 
woman  becomes  a  wrddow,  (he's  upon  the  like 
application  foon  provided  with  a  husband,  and 
with  as  little  ceremony.  Whoever  may  dif- 
like  this  Hyperborean  manner  of  preventing 
.delay,  difdain,  6r  difappointment,  yet  he  caif- 
not  but  approve  Mac^noeil's  conduct,  infup- 
plying  (127)  any  of  his  tenants  with  as  many 
Milch-cows,  as  he  may  chance  to  lofc  by  the 


(125)  Martin,  tage  07, 
(it6)  Ibid. 
(127)  Ibid. 


Digitized 


r-      reverity 

byCOOgF  ^ 


t>¥  THE   DRUIDS.  179 

Ifevtrity  of  the  weather,   or  by  other   mif- 
ibrtunes5  which  is  not  the  lefs  true  charity^ 
for  being  good  policy.     JMoft  worthy  like- 
wife  of  imitation  is  his  taking  into  his  own 
£imiiy  (building  a  houfe  hard  by  on  purpofc 
for  th^m)  and  maintaining  to  the  day  ot  theif 
death,  as  many  old  men,  as,  thro  age  or  in-* 
firmity,    (128)  become  unfit  for  labon     But 
i  ftiou'd  never  have  done,  if  I  proceded  with 
the  particular  ufages  of  the  North  and  Weft 
Ilanders*     Several  of  them,  retained  from  the 
iremoteA  times  of  the  Druids,  are  explained  iii 
this  and  the  preceding  Letters*  Yet  one  cuftom 
(very  iingular)    I  cannot  help  relating  herej 
tho  long  iince    grown  tobfolete;    or  rather 
that  it  has  been  in  difufc,  ever  fmce  their  con* 
verfion  to  Chriftianity,     When  a  man  had  a 
mind  to  have  a  wife,   (129)  as  foon  as  he 
gain'd  the  confent  of  the  maid  he  lik'd,   he 
took  her  to  his  bed   and  board  for  a  whole 
year;   and  ifj  upon  thus  coming  thoroly  ac- 
quainted  with  the  conditions  both   of  her 
mind  and  body,  he  kept  her  any  longer^  {he 
then  became  his  wife  all  her  days  :   but  if  ht 
diflik'd  her  to  fuch  a  degree  on  any  account^ 
as  to  be  perfwaded  fhe  fhouM  not  make  him 
cafy  during  life,  he  returned  her  (with  her 
^portion,  if  Ihehad  any)  at  the  twelve  months 
end  to  her  parents  or  guardians  5  legitimating 
the  children,  and  maintaining  them  at  his  Dwa 


<i28)  Wge  9&. 
li%9)  Page  114. 


Digitized  by  VJ0OVIC 


180  THE  HISTORY 

charge,  in  cafe  there  .were  fuch.  Nor  was 
this  repudiation  any  diftionor  or  difadvantagc 
to  the  young  woman  in  the  eyes  of  another 
man,  who  thought  fhe  wou'd  make  him  a 
better  wife,  or  that  he  might  to  her  be  a  bet- 
ter husband.  It  was  a  cuftom,  I  muft  own, 
like  to  prevent  a  world  of  unhappy  matches : 
but,  according  to  our  modern  ideas,  'tis  not 
onely  unlawful,  but  alfo  barbarous. 

IX.  T  O  return  whence  I  digrefs'd,  having 
thus  happily  difcover'd  and  aflferted  the  coun- 
try of  Abaris,   and  alfp  his  profeffion  of  a 
^ruid  5  I  fhall  give  here  fome  account  of  his 
perfon,  referring  to  another  place  the  Hiftory 
of  his  adventures.  The  Orator  Himerius,  tho 
one  of  thofe,  who,  from  the  equivocal  fenfe  of 
the  word  Hyperboreariy  feems  to  have  mifta- 
ken  him  for  a  Scythian  5   yet  accurately  dc- 
fcribes  his  perfon,  and  gives  him  a  very  no- 
ble charafter.     That  he  Ipoke  Greek  with  fo 
much  facility  and  elegance,  will  be  no  mat- 
ter of  wonder  to  fuch  as  confider  the  antient 
intercourfe,  which  we  have  already  proved  be- 
tween the  Greecs  and  the  Hyperboreans  :  nor 
wou'd  the  latter,  to  be  fure,  fend  any  ambaf- 
fador  (as  we'll  fee  prefently  they  did  Aba- 
ris) to  the  former,  unlefs ,    among  the   o- 
ther  requifite  qualifications,  he  perfectly  un- 
derftood  their  language.     But  let's  harkcn  a 
while  to  Himerius.     They  relate^  fays  he, 
that  Abaris  the  Sage  was  by  nation  a  Hy- 
ferborean^  become  a  Grecian  in  fj^eech^  and 

d  by  Google       TC' 


Digitized  b 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  i8i 

refemhling  a  Scythian  in  his  habit  and  ap^ 
pearance.     Whenever  he  mov'd  his  tonguey 
you  woud  imagine  him  to  be  fome  one  out 
,of  the  midft  of  the  Academy  or  very  Ly- 
ceum (130).      Now   that   his  habit  was  not 
that  of  a  Scythian  ever   cover d  with  skins, 
but  what  has  been  in  all  ages,  as  generally  at 
this  prefent,    worn  in  the  Hebrides  and  the 
neighboring  Highlands,   it  needs  onely  to  be 
deCcrib'd  for  removing  all  doubts  and  fcruplcs. 
Abaris  came  to   Athens  y   continues  (iji) 
HiMERius,  holding  a  bowy  having  a  quiver 
hanging  from  his  jhoulderSy   his  body  wrapt 
up  in  a  plady  girt  about  his  loins  with  a 
gilded  belty  and  wearing  trowzers  reaching 
from  the  foles  of  his  feet  to  his  wafie.     A 
gun  and  piftol,  being  of  modern  date,  cou'd 
make  no  part  of  his  equipage  :    and  you  fee 
he  did  not  make  his   entry  into  Athens  ri- 
ding on  a  broom-ftick,  as  fabuloufly  reported, 
but  in  the  native  garb  of  an  aboriginal  Scot. 
As  for  what  regards  his  abilities,   'twas  im- 
pofliblc  for  his  principals   to  have   made  a 
better  choice  5   fmce  we  are  informed  by  the 

Jf  $a)vvfv  yiy£v^ff9a/,  ncct  2ku'>jv  fJLSv  axpt  qoPipjq  li  aOLt  c%viiLOLr(u;, 
Ei  3i  Tou  yKmr iocv  Ktv*}S9i$,  rovro  SKetvov  en  yac^q  Ku-ClZvulico;  acft 
auTov  AvH$iov  vofJitlscBdi.  .  Ex  Orathne  ad  Ursiciitm  ofud  Pho- 
TiUM  in  BMM.  cod.  243,  edit.   Rothmag.  pag.  11 3  5, 

(III)  'HKgv   AjSapt^  'A^yivaX^    roia  fxcov,   (fapfrpav  i^fijxsvo^  §ti 

|K  TO^tfwv  «tp»v  «xp<  Kou  yAouTcdi/  avaTitvoUf<itt,    Id.  ibid. 

M  5  fame 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


182  THE    HISTORY 

lame  (i  3  2)  Himerius,  that  he  was  affahh 
and  plea  fant  in  cmverjhtion,  in  diJpaPching^ 
great  affairs  ficret  and  induflriauSj  quicK- 
fighted  in  prefent  exigences^  in  preventing 
piture  dangers  circumJpeBy  a  fearcber  after 
wifdonh  dejirous  ^f  friendships  trufting  in- 
deed  little  to  for  tune  s  and  having  en)  ery  thing 
trufted  to  him  for  his  prudence^  Neither 
tlie  Academy  nor  the  Lyceum  coud  furnifh, 
out  a  man  with  fitter  qualities,  to  go  fo  farr 
abroad  and  to  fuch  wife  nations,  about  affairs 
no  lefs  arduous  than  important.  But  if  wc, 
attentively  confider  his  moderation  in  eating, 
drinking,  and  the  ufe  of  all  thofe  things, 
which  our  natural  appetites  inceflantly  crave  ^^ 
adding  the  candor  and  fimplicity  of  his  man- 
ners, with  the  folidity  and  wifdom  of  his  an- 
fwers  (all  which  w^ll  find  fufficiently  atteft- 
cd)  it  muft  be  own'd,  that  the  world  at  that 
t^me  had  few  to.  compare  with  Abaris. 


THUS  I  have  laid  before  your  Lordship^ 
^Specimen  of  my  Hiftory  of  the  Druids.  Give 
me  leave  to  fend  you  with  this  Letter  two^ 
fmall  Pieces  which  I  don't  doubt  will  be  agree-, 
able  to  you.  One  is  Mr.  Jones's  Anfver  t4k 
Mr.  Tat^'%  ^eftions  about  theT>ruids,  and  the 
Qther  Britijh  Antiquities j  which  I  tranfcribU 

(I  J 2)  Hv  ^^u<  «vTU5c«/v,  lBtvo<}  ^<TVX¥^  fiBiya^ijv  Tfiaitv  tpyairas- 
^ai,  ©^u^To  xapov  i^#v,  Tpoft^B^q  to  jxfAAov  4)vAaT^wd«i,  <fQ0ta9 
^tI**".  «pa<7*J«  ^tXioLi,  oAiya  ftf  v  rvx^j  T«r»iwv,  yvcefty  Jg  r/?  tovtav 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUIDS;         iSj 

from  a  Manufcript  in  the  Cotton  Library 
(13  3)  J  and  the  other,  fomc  Collcdions  men* 
tion'd  in  one  of  my  Letters  (134),  fhewipg 
the  Affinity  between  the  Armoric  and  Irifh 
Language,  ^c.    I  am, 


MxLORD;^ 


4ri/,  184         Yowr  Lordfhip's  moft 
^119*  obiig'd  and  very 

humble  Servants 


im)  VkeL  E.  ?.  6. 

(13^4)  Letter  II.  $.  i8t  p«g«  11% 


M  4  Mr:. 

dbyLiOOgle 


Digitized  b 


I«4 


THE  HISTORY 


Mk    T  A  r  Es 

QUESTIONS 

ABOUT    THE 

DRUIDS 

AND    OTHER 

BRITTISH  ANTIQUITIES, 


WITH 


Mr.  JONES'S  ANSWER 

T  O    T  H  E  M. 


Mr.  TATE'S   QUESTIONS, 

t  M£i^S^HHi|  Y  what  names  were  they  call'd 
by  the  Brittons,  which  the 
Latins  call  ^ruidae  or  ©r«- 
ides  ? 

II.  Whether  the  T^ruids 
and  Flamens  were  all  one, 
imd  the  difference  between  them  ?  how  the 

Flamens 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


wm 


,lgpn 


OF    THE    DRUIDS.         185 

Flamens  were  called  in  Brittilh,  and  their  an- 
tiquity and  habits  .> 

IIL  WHAT  Degrees  were  given  to  the 
Profeffors  of  Learning  ?  when,  where,  and  by 
whom,  and  their  habits  or  apparel  ? 

IV.  WHETHER  the  Barth  had  any 
office  in  war  anfwering  our  Heralds  ?  their 
garments  and  cnfcigns  ?  and  whether  they 
us'd  the  Caduceus  ?  many  fetching  the  origi- 
nal thereof  from  the  Britton  s  charming  of  fcr- 
pcnts. 

V.  What  judges  and  Lawyers  had  the 
Brittons  that  followed  the  King  ?  and  what  arc 
Tri  anhepcoT  Brenhin^  and  their  ufe  ? 

VL  WHAT  judges  and  Lawyers  were 
there  relident  in  the  Country  >  their  number  ? 
what  Judges  were  there/^r  dignitatem  Terrae  ? 
and  what  their  duty  ?  and  how  were  they  af» 
fembrd  to  do  the  fame  ? 

VIL  I T  appeareth  there  were  always  many 

■  Kings  and  Princes  in  this  Realm  before  the 

coming  in  of  the  Saxons :  were  their  countries. 

divided  into  Talaithsy  as  all  between  Severn 

and  the  Sea  was  after  their  coming  ? 

VIII.  WAS  there  any  division  into  Shires 
before  the  Saxon's  coming,  and  what  diffe- 
rence betwixt  a  Shire  and  a  Swydh  ?  There 
were  anciently  with  you  MaenorSy  Commodsy 
CantrethSj  anfwerablc  wherunto  are  our  Ma- 
norSy  TythingSy  Hundreds.  And  that  maketh 
mc  to  cnclinc  that  Swydh  fhou'd  be  like  our 
Shire,  as  Sifoyd  caer  Bhyrdin,  Swyd  Amwy- 
fhig^  Swyd  caer  fVrangon  5  and  the  General 

Officers 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


i$6  THE    HISTORY 

Officcrsofthem  were  called  S'wydogion^  undet 
whom  were  Maety  Gnghellawr^  Rhingkilly 
Ophiriaty  and  Brawdur  trwyr  Swydy  e:xv:cpt 
all  bear  the  name  of  Swydogion.  I  find  in 
an  ancient  Book  of  Landaff  (jluiguis  or  Glu 
vifus  King  of  Demetia  (which  ot  this  King  is 
caird  Glenguijjig)  of  whom  it  is  faid  feptem 
pagos  rexity  whereof  Glamorgany  now  a  Shire, 
was  one  5  zv^iipagus  is  us'd  for  a  Shire. 

IX.  W  H  E  T  H  E  R  the  Britons  had  Noblc^ 
men  bearing  the  name  of  l^uceSy  Comites^ 
Barones  ?  and  what  they  were  called  in  Brit- 
tilli  ?  In  the  Book  of  Landaff  \  find  it  thus 
written,  Gandeleius  Rex  tot  am  regionemjiiank 
Cadoco  filto  fiio  commendavity  privilegiumque 
concejjity  quatenus  a  fonte  Faennun  haen  do*; 
nee  ad  ingreffum  flumims  Nadav  an  perveni- 
tuTy  omnes  Re^es  et  ComiteSy  Optimatesy  Tri* 
buniy  at  que  domeftici  in  Caen$bij  fui  coeme^, 
terio  de  JLancarvan  fepeliantur.  And  K.  Ed.  I. 
enquiring  of  the  Laws  of  the  Britons,  de- 
mandcth  how  the  Welfli  Barons  did  adinini- 
fier  jnftice,  and  fb  diftinguiih^  theqi  froirk 
Lords  Marchers. 

X.  WHAT  is  the  fignification  of  the  word 
AJfach  ?  A  ftatutc  of  K.  Hen.  6.  faith,  {bmc 
offered  to  cxcufe  themfelves  by  an  Ajfach  af- 
ter the  cuftom  of  Wales  5  that  is  to  fay,  by 
an  oath  of  30  men. 

XI.  WHAT  ofiker  is  he  that  in  thcLawj^ 
of  Howel  T>a  is  called  Dijieifiy  and.  th|;  iig- 
nijficatipn  of  the  wQxd  I 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  i87 

Xn.  WHAT  do  you  think  of  this  place 
of  Petrus  Ramus  in  his  book  de  moribus  ve- 
terum  Qallorum :  Hae  civitates  Bmtos  fuos^ 
tfabebant:  Sic  a  Qaefare  nominantur  Senatm 
Eburonkumy  J^exobiorumy  Venetorum-  Was 
there  any  Counfil  or  Senate  in  the  Brittiflt 
Government,  and  by  what;  nanjc  were  they 
caird? 


Mr.  JONESs  ANSWERS 

T  O 

Mr.  TATE'S  QUESTIONS 

[O  the  firft  I  fay,  that  ®r«/V^x  ot 
T^ruidae  is  a  word  that  is  derived 
from  the  Brittifli  word  Tfrudion  ^ 
being  thq  name  of  certain  wife^ 
difcreet,  learned,  and  religious.  Perfons,  a- 
ijiong  the  Brittons..  ^rudion  is  the  plutaX 
plumber  of  this  primitive  word  Tlrud^,  By 
adding  ion  to  the  fingular  n.umbci:,  yqu  make 
the  plural  of  it  ficundumformam  Britatmih 
rum  5.  ftc  T>rudy  Drudim^  This,  primitive 
word  T^rud  has,  many  ligoific^tions.  One 
JJgnifica,tion  is  T)ialwr,y  tljat  is  a  rcvengex,  ot 
<?net;hat  redrcflcth  wrong;  fo?  fo  tbejufticsrs, 
ijaird  %>mdion  did  fupply  the  place  of  Ma- 
giftrates,  Anothg:  iignificatioa  Kr(vlpHy  andt 
^hat  fignifiQs  q:ucI  and  njerdlefs  j,  for  they  dic^ 
^.''  ^xecut^. 

Digitized  by  VjOQQIC 


188  THE  HISTORY 

execute  jufticc  moft  rightcoufly,  and  punifht 
offendors  moft  feverely.    ^rud  fignifiesalfo 
glew  and  prid^  that  is,  valiant  or  hardy,   ^rud 
is  alfo  dear  or  precious,   unde  venit  T^ruda- 
niethy  which  is  Dearth.     Thefe  T^rudion  a- 
mong  the  Brittons  by  their  office  did  deter- 
mine all  kind  of  matters  as  well  private  as 
publick,   and  were  Jufticers  as  well  in  religi- 
ous matters  and  controverfies,  as  in  Law  mat- 
ters and  controverfies,  for  offences  of  death 
and  title  of  Laws.     Thefe  did  the  facrifices 
to  the  Heathen  Gods,  and  the  facrifices  cou'd 
not  be  made  without  them,  and  they  did  for- 
bid facrifices  to    be  done  by  any  man  that 
did  not  obey  their  decree  and  fentence.    All 
the  Artis,:  Sciences,  Learning,  Philofbphy,  and 
Divinity  that  was  taught  in  the  land,    was 
taught  by  them  5  and  they  taught  by  memory, 
and  never  wou'd   that  their  knowledge  and 
learning  fhou'd  be  put  in  writing  :  whereby 
when  they  were  fuppreft  by  the  Emperor  of 
Rome  in  the  beginning  of  Chriftianity,  their 
Learning,  Arts,  Laws,  Sacrifices,  and  Govern- 
ments were  loft  and  extinguifht  here  in  this 
land  5  fo  that  I  can  find  no  more  mention  of 
any  of  their  deeds  in  our  tongue  than  I  have 
fet'down,  but  that  they   dwelled   in  rocks, 
and  woods,  and  dark  places,  and  fome  places 
in  our  land  had  their  hamcs  from  them,  and 
are  called  after  their  names  to  this  day.    And 
the  Hand  of  Mone  or  Anglefea  is  taken  to  be 
one  of  their  chiefeft  feats  in  Britain,  becaufc 
it  was  ^  folitary  Iland  fuU  of  WQod,  and  not 

in- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  189 

inhabited  of  any  but  thcmfclvcs  i  and  then 
the  lie  of  Monc,  which  is  called  Anglcfca, 
was  called  yr  Inys  T>owyUy  that  is,  the  dark 
Hand.  And  after  that  the  ^rudion  were  fup- 
preft,  the  huge  groves  which  they  favor'd  and 
kept  a-foot,  were  rooted  up,  and  that  ground 
tiird-  Then  that  Hand  did  yield  fuch  abun- 
dance and  plenty  of  corn,  that  it  might  fuf- 
tain  and  keep  all  Wales  with  bread  5  and 
therefore  there  arofe  then  a  proverb,  and  yet 
is  to  this  day,  viz.  Mon  mam  Gymbrv^  that  is, 
Mon  the  mother  of  Wales.  Some  do  term 
the  proverb  thus,  Mon  mam  Wyneddy  that  isr, 
Mon  the  mother  of  Northwales,  that  is,  that 
Mon  was  able  to  nourifli  and  fofter  upon 
bread  all  Wales  or  Northwales.  And  after 
that  this  dark  Hand  had  caft  out  for  many 
years  fuch  abundance  of  corn  where  the  dif- 
dos'd  woods  and  groves  were,  it  furccas'd  to 
yield  corn,  and  yielded  fuch  plenty  of  grafs  for 
cattle,  that  the  Countrymen  left  off  their  great 
tilling,  and  turned  it  to  grazing  and  breeding  of 
cattle,  and  that  did  continue  among  them  won- 
derful plentiful,  fo  that  it  was  an  admirable  thing 
to  be  heard,  how  fo  little  a  plat  of  ground  fhou'd 
breed  fuch  great  number  of  cattle  $  and  now  the 
inhabitants  do  till  a  great  part  of  it,  and  breed 
a  great  number  of  cattle  on  t'other  part. 

II.  AS  for  the  fecond  Queftion,  I  do  refer 
the  expofition  of  it  to  thofe  that  have  written 
of  the  Flamens  in  Latine.  The  Tirudion  in 
Britain^  according  to  their  manner  and  cuftom. 

Digitized  by  CjOOQIC 


t90  THE    HISTORY 

did  execute  the  office  and  funftion  of  the  F/^^ 
mens  beyond  the  fea :  and  as  for  their  habits, 
I  cannot  well  tell  you  how,  nor  what  manner 
they  were  of. 

UL  TO  the  third  Queftion:  There  were 
four  feveral  kinds  of  Degrees,  that  were  given 
CO  the  Profeflbrs  of  Learning.  The  firft  was, 
^ifgtbliysbas^  and  that  was  giveh  a  man  af- 
ter three  years  ftudying  in  the  art  of  Poetry 
and  Mufick,  if  he  by  iiis  capacity  did  defervc 
it.  The  fecond  degree  was  !Z)/^/^/^^/^^//W«^, 
and  that  was  given  to  the  Profcflbr  of  Learn- 
ing after  iix  years  ftudying,  if  he  did  defervc 
it.  The  third  degree  was  ^ijgiblpenkerddiaiddy 
and  that  was  given  to  the  Profeffor  of  Learn- 
ing after  nine  years  ftudying,  if  he  did  defervc 
iu  And  the  fourth  degree  was  Zenker dd  or 
jithrOf  and  Athro  is  the  higheft  degree  of 
Learning  among  us,  and  in  Latine  is  called 
Dodor.  AH  thefe  degrees  were  given  to 
men  of  Learning  as  well  Poets  as  Muficians. 
All  thefe  forefaid  decrees  of  Learning  were 
given  by  the  King,  or  in  his  prcfence  in  his 
Palace,  at  every  three  years  end,  or  by  a  Li- 
cenfe  from  him  in  fome  fit  place  thereunto 
(appointed)  upon  an  open  difputation  had  be- 
fore the  King  or  his  Deputy  in  that  behalf 
and  then  they  were  to  have  their  reward  ac- 
cording to  their  degrees.  Alfo  there  were 
three  kinds  of  Poets.  The  one  was  Vrududd: 
the  other  was  Tevluwr :  the  third  was  Klerwr^ 
Thefe  three  kinds  had  tluee  feveral  matters 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  ipt 

to  treat  of.  The  Trududd  was  to  treat  of 
Lands,  and  the  praife  of  Prince^,  Nobles,  and 
Gentlemen,  and  had  his  circuit  among  them, 
"the  Tevluwr  did  treat  of  merry  jefts,  and 
domeftical  paftimes  and  affairs,  having  hi« 
circuit  among  the  Countrymen,  and  his  re- 
\x^ard  according  to  his  calling.  The  Clerwr 
did  treat  of  invediVe  and  ruftical  Poetry,  dif- 
fering from  the  "Prududd  and  Tevluwr  s  and 
his  circuit  was  among  the  Yeomen  of  the 
Country.  As  for  their  habits,  they  were  cer- 
tain long  apparel  down  to  the  calf  of  their 
leggs  oi:  fdmetv^hat  Ibwerj  and  were  of  divcrfc 
colours* 

IV.  TO   the  fourth  Queftiori  I  fay,   the 
Bdrd  was  a  Herald  to  record  all  the  ads  of 
the  Princes  and  Nobles,  and  to  give  arms  ac- 
cording to  deferts.      They   were  alfo  Poets, 
and  cdu'd  prognoftic,ate  certain  things,   and 
gave  them  out  in  metre.     And  further  there 
were  three   kinds  of  Beirdd  (the  plural  of 
Bardd)  viz.  Trivardd,  Vojwarddy  Arwydd- 
^ardd.     The  Ttiveirdd  (plurally)  were  Mcr^ 
lin  SilveJieTj  Merlin  Ambrojiui-,  and  Talief- 
Jin  5    ^nd  the  reafon   they  were  call'd  ^rU 
njeirdd  was,  becaUfe  they  invented  and  taught 
fiich  Philofophy  and  other  Learnmg  as  were 
iicvcr  read  or  heard  of  by  any  man  before. 
The  interpretation  of  thi^  word  "-Prvvardd  is 
Prince,  of  firfl  learner,  or  learned  man  :  for 
^^r^/^/ was  an  appellation  of  all  learned  men, 
and  profeffors  of  Learni^ig,  and  Prophets,  as 

dbyC?or5gle 


Digitized  b 


192  THE   HISTORY 

alfo  were  attributed  to  them   the  titles  of 
Trivardd,     Tofvarddy    and    Arwyddvard. 
Bardd  Telyn.    And  they  call  Merlin  Ambrth 
Jtus  by  the  name  of  Bardd  GortheyrUy  that 
is,  Vortigefs  ThilofoPher,  or  learned  maUy  or 
Trophejyer.     Bardd  Telyn  is  he  that  is  Dodor 
of  the  Muficians  of  the  Harp,  and  is  the  chief 
harp  in  the  Land,   having  his  abode  in  the 
King's  palace  :  and  note  no  man  may  be  call- 
ed Trivarddj  but  he  that  inventeth  fuch  Learn- 
ing, and  Arts,  or  Science,  as  were  never  taught 
before.     The  fccond  kind  of  Bardd  is  Tof- 
varddy  and  thofe  Tofveirdd  were  afterwards 
Trydiddion:   for  they  did  imitate  and  teach 
what  the  Triveirdd  had  fet  forth,  and  mufl: 
take  their  author  from  one  of  them  5  for  they 
themfelves  are  no  Authors,  but  regiftcrs  and 
propagators  of  the  Learning  invented  by  the 
others.     The  third  kind  is  Arwyddvard^  that 
is  by  interpretation  an  Enjign-bardy  and  in- 
deed is  a  Herald  at  Arms  j  and  his  duty  was 
to  declare  the  Genealogy  and  to  blazon  the 
Arms  of  Nobles  and  Princes,  and  to  keep  the 
record  of  them,  and  to  alter  their  Arms  ac- 
cording  to  their  dignity  or  deferts.     Thefe 
were  with  the  Kings  and  Princes  in  all  bat- 
tles and  adions.     As  for  their  Garments,  I 
think  they  were  long,  fuch  as  the  Trydiddion 
had  J  for  they  challenge  the  name  of  Beirdd 
ut  fupra.     Whereas  fomc  writers,  and  for  the 
moft  part  all  foreners  that  mention  the  Beirddy 
do  write  that  Bard  has  his  name  given  him 
from  one  Bardus^  who  was  the  firft  inventor  of 

Bar- 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  193 

SardJonietb,  andfomc  fay  he  was  the  fourth 
King  of  Brittain  5  I  fay  it  is  a  mod  falfe,  er- 
roneous, and  fabulous  furmife  of  foren  wri- 
ters, for  there  never  was  any  of  that  name 
either  a  King  or  King's  fon  of  Brittain.     But 
there  was  a  great  fcholar  and  inventor  both 
of  Poetical  verfes  and  mufical  Leflbns  that 
was  fome  time  King  of  Brittain.  His  name  was 
Blegywrjfd  ap  Geijjtllt,  and  he  was  the  5  6th 
fupremc  King  of  Great  Brittain,  and  dy'd  m 
the  2067th  year  after  the  deluge,  of  whom 
it  is  written  that  he  wa$  the  famoufeft  Mufi- 
cian  that  ever  lived  in  Britain.     No  writer 
can  (how  that  Bard  had  his  name  from  Bar- 
duSj  it  being  a  primitive  Brittifh  word  that 
has  the  forefayd  fignifications.     And  Barddc^ 
nieth  (which  is  the  art,  fundion,  and  profef- 
fion  of  thie  Bardd)   is  alfo  us*d  for  Prop(iefy 
and  the  interpretation  thereof,   and  alfo  for 
all  kinds  of  Learning  among  us  that  the  Beirdd 
were  authors  of. 

v.  AS  for  the  fifth  Queftion,  the  King  had 
always  a  chief  Judge  rcTident  in  his  Court, 
ready  to  decide  all  controverfies  that  then 
happened,  and  he  was  called  Egnat  Llys.  He 
had  fome  priyilege  given  him  by  the  King's 
hpufhold  officers,   and  therefore  he  was  ta 
determine  their  caufes  gratis.     As  for  the  tri 
an^e&kor  heniny  I  think  it  fuperfluous  to  treat 
of  them  here,  feeing  you  have  this  matter  in 
my    Bopk  of  Laws  more  perfeft  than  I  can 
remember  it  at  this  time.   Look  in  the  Table 

Vol.  1.  N  anionic 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


iM  THE    HtSTORV 

among  the  triaedd  kyfraithy  and  thoft  arii 
fet  down  in  two  or  three  fevcral  places  of 
the  Book.  And  if  you  cannot  find  it  thcrCi 
fee  in  the  office  of  Egnat  Llys.oi  TentewlUf 
or  yffeiriaid  llysy  and  you'll  be  furc  to  find 
it  in  fome  of  thofe  places.  I  do  not  find  in 
my  Book  of  Laws,  that  there  were  any  offi- 
cers for  the  Law  that  did  dwell  in  the  Kings 
Palacc>  but  onely  his  Egnat  Llys,  that  was  of 
any  name,  or  bore  any  great  office:  for  he 
was  one  of  the  tri  anhebkor  brenin. 

VJ.  AS  for  the  fixth  Queflion,  I  fay  that 
there  were  refident  in  the  Country  but  Egndt 
Comoty  that  I  can  underftand..  But  when  an 
Aflembly  met  together  for  the  title  of  LandS; 
then  the  King  in  his  own  Pcrfon  came  upon 
the  Land ;  and  if  he  cou'd  not  come^  he  ap* 
pointed  fome  Deputy  for  him.  There  came 
with  the  King  his  chief  Judge,  and  called  un- 
to him  liis  Egnat  Komot^  or  County- Judge, 
together  with  fome  of  his  Council  that  dwelt 
in  tlie  Komoty  where  the  Lands  lay  that  wctQ 
in  the  controvcrly,  and  the  Free-holders  alfo 
of  the  fame  Place,  and  there  came  a  Priefl  ot 
Prelate,  two  Counfellors,  and  two  Rhingill 
or  Serjeants,  and  two  Champibns,  cine  fo^ 
the  Plaintiff  and  another  for  the  Defendant  j 
and  wh^all  thefe  were  aflfembled  together, 
the  King' or  his  Deputy  viewed  the  Land,  and 
when  they  had  viewed  it,  they  caufed  a  round 
Mount  to  be  cafl  up,  and  upon  the  fame  was 
the  Judgment  Seat  placed,  having  his  back  to- 

DigitizedbyGoOgl^^^ 


OF  ^HE   DRUIDS.  105 

V/ard  the  fun  or  the  weather.     Some  of  thefc 
Mounts  were  made  fquare  and  fomc  round, 
ahd  both  round  and  fquare  bore  the  name  of 
Gorfeddevy  dadley  that  is,  the  Mount  of  Plead- 
ing.    Some  alfo  have,  the  name  of  him  that 
was  chief  Judge  or  Deputy  to  the  King  in  that 
judicial  Seatj  and  it  was  not  lawful  to  make 
in  affembly  no  where  for  title  of  Lands,   but 
updn  the  Lands  that   were  in  controverfyi. 
■Thcfe  Gorfedde  are  in  our  Country,  and  many 
other  places  to  be  feen  to  this  day  j  and  will 
be  ever,  if  they  be  not  taken  down  by  men's 
hands.     They  had  two  forts  of  Witnefles,  the 
one  was  Gwybyddyetd,  and  the  other  Amhi- 
niogev.    The  Gwybyddyetd  were  fuch  men  as 
were  bora  in  the  Komoty   where  the  Lands 
that  were  in  co'ntrovcrfy  lay,  and  of  their  dWri 
pctfeft  knowledge  did  know  that  it  was  the  \ 
Defendants  tight.    And  Amhiniogev  were  fuch 
men  as  had  theif  Lands  mearingon  the  Lands 
that  were  in  controverfy ,   and  hemmed  up 
that  Land.     And  the  Oath  of  one  of  thole 
jimhiniogeVy  .otherwife  called  Keidweidy  was 
better  than  the  Oath  of  twain  that  were  but 
Cx'wybyddyeid.       Look   in  the  Table  of  my 
Book  of  Laws  for  the  definition  of  Keidweidy 
^t»hiniqgenj)  arid  Gwybyddyeidy  and  how  the 
ICihg  did  try  hSs  Caufes ;  and  that  will  jjiani- 
£c$i  it  more  it  large.     The  Mayer  .arid  the 
J^angellawf  hid   no  authority  amoTigft  the 
Britions  for  any  lands  but  the  Kings  lands  5 
^txd  they  weireto  fet  it  and  let  it,  and  to  have 
cticir  chrcuit  anu>ngft  the  King's  tenants  5  and 

N     2  Digitized  by  ®0GtygIe 


196  THE    HISTORY 

they  did  decide  all  Controverfies  that  happctti. 
cd  amongft  them.  Vide  in  the  Table  of  my 
Book  of  Laws  for  the  Definition  of  Mayet 

and  Kangellawr. 

VII;  T  O  the  feventh  Qucftion,  1  fay  that^ 
there  were  in  this  Land  about  a  hundred  fu- 
pcrial  Kings,  that  governed  this  Land  fu€cef- 
fively  ;  that  were  of  the  Brittifh  blood :  yet 
notwithftanding  there  were  under  them  divers 
other  Princes  that  had  the  name  of  Kings,, 
and  did  fcrve,  obey,  and  belong  to  the  fupe- 
rial  King,  as  the  King  of  Alban  or  Trydyn 
or  Scotland,  the  King  of  Kymbery  or  Wales, 
the  King  of  Gwneydd  or  Venedotia.  Yet  not- 
withftanding the  fame  law  and  government  was 
ufed  in  every  Prince  or  King's  dominion>  as 
was  in  the  fuperial  King's  proper  4ominion  5 
unlefs  it  were  that  fome  Cuftom  or  Privilege 
did  belong  to  fome  place  of  the  Kingdom  more 
than  to  another :  and  every  inf?riour  King  was 
to  execute  the  Law  upon  all  tranfgrcflbrs  that 
offended  in  their  dominion. 

In  the  time  of  Kaffibelanus  there  arofc  fome 
conrrovcrfy  between  the  fuperial  King  Kat 
wallawne  and  Ararwy  King  of  London,  one 
of  his  inferior  Kings,  about  a  murther  com- 
mitted. The  cafe  is  thus.  The  fuperial  King 
keeping  his  Court  within  the  dominion  of 
one  of  the  inferior  Kings,  a  controverfy  fal- 
ling between  twain  within  tlie  Courr,  and 
there  and  then  one  was  flain,  the  Queftioa 
hy  Whether  the  murthercr  ought  to  be  tryed 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  197 

by  the  officers  and  privilege  of  the  fupArior 
King,  or  of  the  inferior  King.     I  think  that 
the  murthprer  ought  to  be  tried  by  the  Law 
and  Cuftorn  of  the  inferior  King's  Court,  ber 
•  caufe  it  is  more  feemly  that  the  fuperior  King's 
Court,  which  did  indure  in  that  Country  but 
a  week  or  twain,   or  fuch  like  time,   fhould 
lofe  his  privilege  there  for  that  time,   than 
the  inferior  King's  Court  fhould  lofe  it  for 
ever.     Vide  in  Itbro  meo  de  legibfis,     It  may 
fecm  to  thofe  that  have  judgment  in  hiftories, 
that  this  was  the  very  caufe  that    Ararwy 
would  not  have  his  kinfman  tried  by  the  Judges 
and  Laws  or  privilege  of  Kafwallawne,  whofc 
Court  did  remain  in  the  dominion  of  Arar- 
wy but  a  little  while ,   but  would  have  th? 
felon  tried  by  his  Judges  and  his  Court.  There 
is  no  mention  made  of  Talaith  any  where  ar 
mongft  the  Brittons  before  the  deftruftion  of 
Brittain,   but  that  there  were  in  Britt^ln  buf 
One  fuperial  Crown  and  three  Talaith  or  Co- 
ronets or  Prince's  Crowns  $  one  for  the  Alban, 
another  for  Wales,  and  the  thhrd  for  Kerniw 
or  Kornwale.    There  were  divers  others  cal^ 
led  Kings  which  never  wore  any  Crown  or 
Coronet,   as  the  Kings  of  T>yved  in  South 
Wales,  the  King  of  Kredigion^  and  fuch,  and 
yet  were  called  Kings,  and  their   Countries 
were  divided  as  you  (hall  fee  in  the  next  Quct 
ftion, 

VHL  T  O  the  eighth  Queftion,  I  fay,  that 
jicfording  to  the  primitive  Law  of  this  Land, 

JSl  I  thai: 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


^198  THE    HISTORY 

that  T>yfnwal  Moel  Mvd  made,  for  before 
the  Laws  of  T^yfnwd  Moel Mv^ithcTrojZti 
laws  and  cuftoms  w^rc  ufed  in  this  Land,  and 
we  cannot  tell  what  divilion  of  Lands  they 
had,  nor  what  officers  but   the  ^ruidion^  k 
divided  all  this  L?ind  according  to  this  man- 
ner, thus :    Trihud  y  gronin  haiddy  or  thrice 
the  length  of  oae  Barly  Corn  makcth  a  Modv- 
edd  oi'indciy  three  il/(j?^x^^^/^  or  Inches  makcth 
a  Talf  or  a  Palm  of   the  hand,  three  Vdf 
or  Palm  maketh  a  Troedvedd  or  foot,   j  fectc 
or  Troedvedd  makc|ii  a  Kam  or  Pace  or  a 
ftridc,  3  Kam  or  ftridcs  to  the  Naid  or  icapc, 
3  Naid  or  leape  to  the  Grwmgy   that  is,  the 
breadth  of  a  Butt  of  Land  or  lir  ^    and  mil 
of  thofe  Tir  maketh  Miltir,  that  is,  a  thou- 
fand  Tir  or  mile.     And  that  was  his  xnca- 
fure  for  length  which,  hath  been  ufed  from  that 
time  to  this  day  5  and  yet,   and  for  fupcrficial 
meafuring  he  made  3  hud  granin  haiddy  or 
Barley  Corn  length,  to  the  modveddy  or  Inch, 
3  Modvedd  or  Inch   to  the  Talf  or  hand 
breadth,  3  Talf  to  the  Troedvedd  ot  foot,  4 
Troedvedd  or  foot  to  the  Veriav  or  the  fhort 
yoke,  8  Troedvedd  or  foot  to  the  Neidian>y 
iind  1 2  Troedvedd  pr  foot  in  the  Gejftiliav 
and  16  Troedvedd  in  the   Hiriav.     And  a 
Pole  or  Rod  fo  long,   that  is  16  foot  long, 
is  the  breadth  of  an  Acre  of  Land,  and  30  Poles 
or  Rods  of  that  length,  is  the  length  of  an 
Erw  ox  Acre  by  the  Law,  and  four  Erw  or 
A(;jre  makcth  a  Tyddyn  or  Meffuagc,  and 
four   of  that  Tyddyn  or  Mefluage  maketh 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF   THE   DRUIDS.  199 

a  Rhandify  and  four  of  thofe  Rhandiredd  ma- 
keth  a  Gafel  or  Tenement  or  Hoult,  and  four 
Gafel  maketh  a  Tref  or  Townfhip,  and  four 
Tref  or  Townlliips  maketh  a  Maenal  ot 
^aenoTy  and  twelve  Maenol  or  Maenor  and 
dnsjy  drefot  two  Tqwnfhips  maketh  a  Kwtmvd 
or  Gomaty  and  two  Kwmwd  or  Gemot  maketh 
a  Kantrefoi  Cmtredy  that  is  a  hundred  Town? 
or  Townfhips.  And  by  this  reckoning  every 
Xyddyn  containeth  four  ErWy  every  Rhandir 
containeth  fixteen  Erw  y  and  every  Gafel 
pontaineth  llxty  four  Erw.  Every  Town  or 
townfhip  containeth  two  hundred  fifty  fix 
Erw  or  Acres,  thefe  Erws  being  fertile  arable 
Land,  and  neither  meadow  nor  pafture  noi 
woods.  For  there  \vas  nothing  meafured  but 
fertile  arable  ground,  and  all  others  was  term- 
ed waftes.  Every  Maenol  containeth  four  of 
thefe  Townfhips ,  and  every  Kwmwd  con- 
taineth fifty  of  thefe  Townfhips,  ind  every 
Ciwfr^/^  a  hundred  of  thefe  Townfhips,  where- 
of it  hath  its  name.  And  all  the  Countries 
and  Lords  dominions  were  divided  by  Cantuds^ 
or  Cantrey  and  to  every  of  thefe  Cantredsy 
GomotSy  Maenor Sy  Towns y  G^<?/r  were  giveii 
fomc  proper  names.  And  Gwlad  or  Coun- 
trey  was  the  dominion  of  one  Lord  or  Prince, 
whether  the  Gwlad  were  one  Cantred  or  two> 
or  three  or  four,  or  more.  So  that  when  I- 
fay  he  is  gone  from  Gwlad  to  Gwlady  that 
is,  fronjCountrcy  to  Countrey,  it  is  meant  that. 
he  is  gone  from  one  Lord  or  Prince's  doijii-' 
nion  to  another  Prince's  dominion  >  as  for  ^x- 

N  4  ample 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


2C0  THE  HISTORY 

ample,  when  a  man  committeth  an  offence  in 
Gwynedd  or  NorthwaleSy  which  containcth 
ten  Cantreds,  and  fleeth  or  goeth  to  Towys, 
which  is  the  name  of  another  Country 
and  Prince's  dominion,  which  containeth  ten 
other  Cantredsy  he  is  gone  from  one  Coun- 
try or  dominion  to  ianother,  and  the  Law  can- 
not be  executed  upon  him,  for  he  is  gone  out 
of  the  Country.  Tegings  is  a  Country  and 
containeth  but  one  Cantred,  and  ^yfrvn 
Glwyd  was  a  Country,  and  did  contain  but 
one  Cantred.  And  when  any  did  go  out  of 
Tegings  to  T^yfrvn  Glwydy  for  to  flee  from 
the  law,  he  went  out  from  one  Country  to 
another.^  And  fo  every  Prince  or  Lord's  do- 
minion was  Gwlad  or  Country  to  that  Lord 
or  Prince,  lo  that  Gwlad  \s  Vagus  in  my  judg- 
ment. Sometimes  a  Cantred  doth  contain 
two  Comot,  fomctimes  three,  or  four,  or  fivej 
as  the  Cantrefe  of  Glamorgan  or  Morganwg 
containeth  five  Comots.  And  after  that  the 
Normans  had  won  fome  parts  of  the  Coun- 
try, as  one  Lord's  dominion,  they  conftituted 
in  that  fame  place  a  Senefcal  or  Steward,  and 
that  was  called  in  the  Brittifli  tongue  Swyddogy 
that  is  an  Officer  $  and  the  Lordfliip  tJiat  he 
was  Steward  of  was  called  Swydd  or  Office^ 
and  of  thefe  Swyddev  were  made  Shares, 
And  Gwydd  is  an  Otlice  be  it  great  9r  fmall, 
and  Swyddog  is  an  Officer  likewife  of  all  ftatcsj 
as  a  Sheriff  is  a  Swyddogy  his  Sheriff-fhip  or 
Ofllicc,  and  the  Shire  whereof  he  is  Sheriff,  is 
called  Swydd.    So*  that  Swydd  doth  contain 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF    THE    DRUIDS.        201 

as  well  the  Shire  as  the  Office  of  a  Sheriff, 
as  Swydd  Amwythig  is  the  Shire  or  Office 
of  the  Steward,  Senpfcal,  or  Sheriff  of  Salop, 
&c. 

IX.  AS  for  the  ninth  Queftion,  The  greateft 
and  highefl:  degree  was  Br^nii^^  or  Teyeuy  that 
is,  a  King ;  and  next  to  hini  wa$  a  Twyfog^  that 
is  a  Duke  5  and  next  to  him  was  a  barfly  that 
is  an  Earl;   and   next  to  him  was  an  Ar^ 
glwyddy  that  is  a  Lord ;  and  next  to  him  was 
a  Barwriy  and  that  I  read  leaft  of.     And  next 
to  that  is  the  Breir  or  Vchelwty  which  may 
be  called  the  Squire :   next  to  this  is  a  Gw- 
r^ange^  that  is  a  Yeoman  5  and  next  to  that  is 
an  Aktudh  and  next  to  that  a  Kaethy  which 
is  a  Slave;    and  that  is  the  meaneft  amongft 
thelb  nine  feveral  Degrees.     And  thefe  nine 
Degrees  had  three  feveral  tenures  of  Lands,  as 
Maerdity  Vchelordity  Triodordir.    There  be 
alfo  other  names  and  degrees,  which  be  got- 
ten by  bhrth,  by  office  and  by  dignity ;  out 
they  all  are  contained  under  the  nine  afore- 
faid  Degrees. 

X.  AS  for  the  tenth  Queftion,  I  do  not  find 
nor  have  not  read  neither  to  my  knowledge, 
in  any  Chronicle,  Law,  Hiflory  or  Poetry, 
and  Didionary,  any  fuch  word :  but  I  find  in 
the  Laws  and  Chronicles,  and  in  many  other 
palaces  this 'word  Rhaith  to  be  ufed  for  the 
oath  of  100  men,  or  200  or  300,  or  fuch 
like  number,  fortocxcufe  fomc  heinous  fad  5 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


zoz        '     THE    HISTORY 

and  the  more  heinous  was  the  fad,  the  more 
inen  muft  be  had  in  the  Rharth  to  cxcufe  it  5 
and  one  muft  be  a  chief  man  to  excufe  it  a« 
xnongft  them,  and  that  is  called  Tenrhaithy 
as  it  were  the  foreman  of  the  Jury,  and  he 
muft  be  the  beft,  wifeft,  and  difcreetcftofall 
the  others.  And  to  my  remembrance  the 
Rbaithwyvy  that  is  the  Men  of  the  RhaitHy 
muft  be  of  thofe  that  are  next  of  kin,  and 
bcft  known  to  the  fuppofcd  offender,  to  cx- 
cufe him  for  the  fad. 

XI.  A  S  for  the  eleventh  Queftion,  I  fey 
that  I  find  a  Steward  and  a  Controller  to  b^ 
uicd  for  a  ^ijiain  in  my  T^idtionary.  lean- 
not  find  any  greater  definition  given  it  any 
where,  then  is  given  it  in  my  Book  of  Laws. 
Vide  ^iftainey  in  the  Tabic,  of  my  Book  of 
Laws. 

XIL  TO  the  twelfth Queftion,  I  fay,  tha^ 
the  Brittons  had  many  Councils,  and  had  thcij 
Counfellprs  fcatter  d  in  all  t;he  Ix>rdfhips  of 
the  Land.  And  when  any  controvcrfy  or  oc- 
cafion  of  Counfel  happened  in  Swyneddy  the 
King  called  his  Couhfellors  that  had  their 
abode  there,  for  to  counfel  for  matters  de- 
pending there,  together  with  thofe  that  were 
thcfc  of  his  Court  or  Guard  :  for  the  King 
had  his  chief  Judge  and  certain  of  his  Ccwncil 
always  in  his  company  5  and  when  the  King 
had  any  occafion  of  Counfel  for  matters  dc- 
paidin^  m  tkmciia,  or  Powys,^  or  Comwal 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  20j 

he  called  thofe  of  his  Counfel  that  dwelled  in 
thofc  coafts  for  to  counfel  with  them.  And 
they  went  to  a  certain  private  houfe  or  tower 
on  a  top  of  a  hill,  or  fomc  fplitary  place  pf 
couiifel  fat  diftant  from  any  dwelling,  and 
there  advifed  unknown  to  any  man  but  to  the 
CoiWcliors  i^em£eiv.e$  ^  and  if  any  great  al^ 
terationor  need  of  counfel  were,  that  did  per- 
tain to  all  the  lan4>  then  the  King  affited 
unto  him  9II  his  Counfellors  to  fome  conve- 
nient  place  for  to  i;ake  their  advice  5  and  that 
happened  but  very  feldom. 


Gat  A- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


204 


THE  HISTORY 


Catalogus  'vocttm  quarmdam 

Armoricarum  ^i^^j  Hibernicas  efe  de- 
prehendiy  quafque  ex  libello  cjuem  mthi  mu- 
tuo  dedit  tl.  et  Rev.  T^ommuSy  \Dominus 
Jo,  MiLLius  S.  S.  T.  in  Academid  Oxoni- 
enfi  T.  ibidemque  Aula  Sun^.  Edmundans 
Principalis y  collegi  et  defumfji. 

[RITTANNI  Armorici  Angliam 
BrO'faos  vocant,  hoc  eft,  Saxonum 
patriamj  quo  nomine  paululum  va- 
riato,  Hiberni  idem  regnum  indigi* 
tare  folent :  et  ipfos  incolas  Clan  na  Saffor 
fiachy  id  eft,  Saxoncs  5  ad  verbum  vero  Saxo- 
num filiosy  appellant, 

Hibernis  gentilis  fermo  Gaolac  dicitur,  quod 
idem  fonat  fignificatque,  ac  Armoricorum 
GaileCy  qua  voce  Gallorum  linguam  in  hodi-^ 
^rnum  ufquc  diem  intclligunt,  ut  in  amba-r 
rum  gentium  fcriptis  vidcre  eft. 

Etiamfi  in  fequenti  Parallelo  aliquando  lit- 
terac  et  fyllabac  quxdam  non  leyem  difcre- 
pantiam  prae  fe  ferre  videantur  5  eadem  tamei^ 
illis  eft  poteftas,  et  fonus  idem.  Sic  aty  aff^ 
ct  es  finales  ArmQ^ic??,  rcfppndciit  ach^  a^Jb, 


et 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF  THE  DRUIOS.  205 

tt  as  Hibernicis.  Gu^  initialis  cum/,  ^eum 
p,  d  cum  ty  f  cum  v  fepiffime  commutan^ 
tur. 

Sed  dc  hifcc  fufius,  et  fimUis  argumenti 
omnibus,  in  Differtatione,  quarh  dc  vcteram 
Lingua  Gallorum^  cum  primum  Romanorum 
arma  experti  funt,  annucnte  fummo  numine, 
faipturi  fumus. 


Oxonid,^  19  ^ecembris,  Ann^ 

a  Chrijlo  natOy 

1693. 


Armorjcb.       Hibernick.         Latine, 


Ifei. 

Ifclhat. 

Oan. 

Oanic. 

riem. 

Den. 

Denbihan. 

Caret. 

Carantej. 

Guyr. 

Hirrahat* 

Bloaz. 


Ifeal.      . 

Ifealacht. 

Uan. 

Uanin. 

Flemh^. 

T>uinebuineach. 
Car  aid  \. 
CarrantasM 
Coir, 

^ireacbagh. 
Bliaghuin. 


Humilis. 
•Humiliatio. 
Agnus. 
Agnellus. 
Acuieus. 
Homo. 
Homuncio- 
Amicus. 
Amicitia- 
Jus. 

Elongatio. 
.Annus. 


*  Gath  etUm  Hibemice. 
t  Cara  Hihernis  Auftralibuj. 
41  C^rdif  etiam  Hibemice. 


Digitizedflbyi 


206 

Amfci:. 

Gronani 

Afcn. 

DaU. 

DaUaf. 

Gonaleii; 

Qucrch. 

Ives. 

Guile. 

Pocq. 

Scubelleri; 

Scubaf. 

Lezron. 

Mat. 

Matgraet. 

Madelez. 

Cam. 

Ber. 

Lofq. 

Quarrec. 

Gouris. 

Ludu. 

Codoer. 

Caboun. 

Glaouen. 

Moall. 

Derven. 

Gaon 

Em  ty  me. 

Quy. 

Caoll. 


THE   HISTORY 


Amfeir. 
Cruan  *; 

AM 

"Doll. 

'Dallagh. 

Gualwn* 

Coire, 

Ives. 

Oile, 

Scuabi 


Leafrach. 

Maith. 

Maithghniothi 

Maitheas^ 

Cam. 

Bear. 

Lofcath^ 

Carrie. 

Cris. 

Luoth. 

Caithir. 

Cabun. 

Gualan. 

Maotl. 

"Dah^. 

Gaur. 

An  ma  thu 

Cu. 

Cdl. 


Tempus.' 

Arciia. 

Afinus. 

Caxus. 

Cxcitas. 

Humerus, 

Avena; 

Etiam.. 

Alius. 

Ofculum. 

Stopa. 

Verrcre^  Scq)ai 

Pcmord. 

Bonus. 

Beneficium. 

Bonitas* 

CufVu$i 

Vera. 

Uftio. 

Rupes. 

Cingiiluiiii 

Cinis. 

Cathedra^ 

Gapo- 

Carboj 

Calvus. 

Quercus. 

Caper. 

In  Dome  mca. 

Canis  venaticuS/ 

Braffica. 


*  Ganthh  etiam  Hibenaicc. 

t  Unde  forte  dm  Druides,  iokt  ncmus^ 


Digitized 


,,Gc  Ancuff'. 


AncufF. 

Coar. 

Garan. 


OF  THE   DkUlDS.  %oj 


Ceir. 

Gnragh. 

Tairne. 


Coelum. 
Cera. 

Clavus. 


Taig.  Tairne.^  Clav_. 

Coulm.  Coluim  Columba* 

Evd,  cguis     Evaik  eguis  Ut. 
OuiUocq.       CuHlock^        GallusGallinaccus. 
lUn.  Illin. 

At  hit. 


Quiilocq, 

Ilin. 

Aer. 

Laes. . 

GuirifF. 

Gotoff. 

Croiiezr^ 

CridifF. 

CrevcDi 

Crciz* 
Lczn 
Die.    , 
Drcf.  . 
Diaoiilli 
Lavarct*^^ 
A  crqisi 
Droue. 
Mczuiflfl, 


Lis. 

Curigh, 

Foluigh. 

Criathar. 

Credimh. 

S'creavGgi 

Cre. 

Leathir, 

"Dliagh. 

^eregh, 

"Diabhil. 

Lauairti 

Achreis. 

"Droch. 

Mifce. 

Seuar. 


Chtoar*  Seuar. 

trcmcnguaf.  Eremite. 
Clczca.  Claiau. 

^--'^-         Tiuha£t. 


Clczcu* 

Tcoahat 

Obcr. 

Tan,  ^ 

Map. 

Moch/ 


Obuir. 
Tinne. 
Mac. 
Mkc. 


Coluber. 

Domus  rcgia. 

Ovaponcrc 

Tegere. 

Cribra. 

Credere. 

Crufta. 

Lutum. 

Corium. 

Debitum* 

Pon^. 

Diabolus. 

Loqoi. 

E  medio. 

Malus. 

Ebrius. 

Soror. 

Scala. 

Gladius. 

Spiffitas. 

Opus. 

Ignis. 

Filius. 

Porcus. 


Digitized 


by  Google 


20  S 


THE   HISTORY 


Saiz. 

Sujie. 

Dincrz, 

"Dineart. 

ImbcciUis. 

Ncrz. 

Heart. 

Vis. 

Poull. 

Toll. 

Foffa,  putcus^ 

Delyou. 

JDuillog. 

Folium. 

Techct. 

tethagh. 

Eugcrci 

Glin. 

Glun. 

Genu. 

Croucq. 

Croith. 

Patibuliim, 

Stut. 

Sdiuir. 

rNavisgubcr- 
C    naculum. 

Grcunen. 

Granin. 

Granum. 

Bloanec. 

Blunic. 

Pinguedo. 

Eurmat. 

Uairmhaith. 

Aufpicium* 

Hoary. 

Uavar. 

Ludus. 

Enefen, 

Inis. 

Infuia. 

tcant. 

Teangha. 

Lingua. 

Ledan. 

Lethan. 

Largus. 

Lcnfr. 

Leabhdr. 

Liber.     . 

Dorn. 

"Dorn. 

*  Pugnus. 

Ty. 

Ti^. 

Domus. 

Claf. 

Clabh.  . 

iEgcr. 

Drouchobercr 

»   T^rocho^L 

Maleficus^ 

Laefmam. 

Leafmhafhir. 

Noverca. 

Mintin. 

Madin. 

Mane. 

Mor. 

Muirf. 

Mare. 

Tragarcz. 

Trocare. 

MifericordiaJ 

Coch. 

Cac. 

Merda. 

Qucmefq. 

Meafcagh. 

Mifcerc* 

OfFeren. 
Manach. 

AiffTin\.  , 
Manach.^ 

Miffa. 
Monachus* 

*  'Dtoc  etiam  Hibemicc. 

t  Morh  et  Mint  etiftm* 

I  Haud  dubium  quia  n  Latino  i^m  dedttccndom  fie* 


Digitized 


by  Google 


Mis. 


or  THE   DRUIDS. 


209 


JWis* 

Mi. 

Mcnfis. 

Boucq. 

Bog. 

Mollis. 

Maru. 

Marv. 

Mortuus.  • 

Bugalc. 

BuachviU. 

Pucrulus. 

Qudgcucn* 

Cuileog. 

Mufca. 

Gucnell. 

Gineal. 

Nafci. 

Ncdclec. 

Nolluic. 

cNativitatis 
Ichriftifeftum, 

Bu. 

T>u. 

Niger. 

Duat. 

T>uach. 

Nigredo. 

Craouen. 

Croa. 

Nuces. 

Bcuzet. 

Baite. 

Merfus. 

Ui- 

Uivd^Oi. 

Ovum. 

I^lufqucn. 

Blufc. 

Plufqucn  un  ui 

Blufcnahui 

?. 

Ezn. 

Ban. 

Avis. 

Eznic. 

Eanin. 

Avicula. 

Eznctaer» 

Eanadair. 

Auceps. 

Dicgus* 

T^iabhuin. 

Otiofus. 

Lasfhann. 

Leafainm. 

Cognomen* 

Ivin. 

tghuin. 

Unguis. 

Colo. 

Calog. 

Palea. 

Bara. 

Aran. 

Panis. 

RannafF* 

Rannagh. 

Dividere. 

Quetrcn^ 

Keavrin. 

Particula* 

Golven. 

Gahun. 

Paffer.  • 

Crochen. 

Cr  ocean. 

PcUis.  * 

Crib. 

'  Cir^. 

Peden. 

Collet. 

Cailte. 

Perditus. 

Tat. 

Athaif. 

Pater. 

Bram. 

Brim. 

Ventriscrepittis. 

^  Hiberni  etUm 

dicunt  Cfilsin. 

■- 

.   you  I 

0 

Troat. 

Digitized  by  Google 

2IO  THE    HISTORY 

Troat.  Troith.  Pes. 

Trucz.  Truaighe.  Compaffio. 

Lcun.  Ldn.  Plenus. 

GouclafF.  Gulagh.  Fkrc. 

Goucluan.  Gulan.  Fletus. 

Aval.  Avull.  Malus,  arbor. 

Squcvent.  Scavan.  Pulmo. 

BrcinafF.  Breanagh.  Putrcfccrc,  foetcrc. 

Brein.  Brein.  Putidus. 

Doiin.  ^ovuin.  Profundus. 

Qucigud.  Cuigeal.  Colus. 

Scuillaf.  Scuileagh.  Solvere. 

Segal.  SeguL  Secalc. 

Bouzar.  Bovar.  Surdus. 

Logoden.  Luchog.  Mus. 

Tarus.  Tarv.  Taurus. 

Guyader.  Fiadoir.  Tcxtor. 

Lien.  Lian.  Lintcum. 

Bieuch.  Beach.  Beftia  *. 

Levc.  Laoi.  Vitulus. 

Glas.  Glas.  Viridis. 

Guyrionez.  Fioriontas.  Veritas. 

Bouet.  Biath.  Gibus. 

Beu.  Beo.  Vivus. 

Seuzl.  4$!^/.  Calx  pedis. 

Amman,  Eim.  Butyrus. 

Olcn.  Solun.  Sal. 

Loufaouen.  LuSyLuJfan.  Herba. 

Mifmeurz.  Mimairt.  JVfenfis  Martius. 

Mifeprell.  Miobreah  Aprilisf. 
Mifmcfuen.  JS^imheafvach.'^yxniyj^  \\. 

♦  Speciatim  Vaccn  Annorid** 

m 


Digitized 


byGoOgl 


OF  THE  DRUIDS. 


an 


Mifgouare. 

Miguare. 

Juliu5  *. 

Mifguengolo. 

Mtfinfoloi. 

September  f. 

Mifttczre. 

Miheafri. 

OdoberJI. 

J^ifdn. 

Mi  dhu. 

November  \. 

Mcfqucrdu* 

Michrumdu. 

December**. 

Mifguenuer. 
Miktxearct. 

Micainvair. 
Michuir. 

Januarius  ft- 
Februarius  *. 

Sizun. 

Seachtuin. 

Septimana. 

Dillun. 

Medium* 

Dies  Lunae. 

Doue. 

"Did. 

Dcus, 

Mkz. 

Aighle. 

Angcli. 

Kxr. 

Caihir. 

Civitas. 

Mcnn. 

Meannan. 

Hoedus. 

Crouer. 

Cruigheoir. 

Creator* 

IfFcm. 

Ifrin. 
Corgds. 

Tartarus- 

Choatcil. 

Quadragcfima 

Ezom* 

E^omh. 

Indigentia- 

Buanegcz. 

Baneghas. 

Furor. 

Marchjrat. 

Marcuiacht. 

^qUitatio. 

Tourch. 

Tore. 

Aper. 

♦  Portuum.    t  Albitcgumcnti.    U  Artitorius.*> 
t  Niger.    ♦*  Nigcrrimus.    tt  Initialis.  VMcnfif, 

*  Sementariiis*  3 


O  i 


Digitized 


Voi 

by  Google 


2^12 


THE  HISTORY 


VOCABULARIUM 

Armorico-Hibernicum. 


Armor  ice.      Hibernice.         Latine. 


£j^  Aur. 

Ar. 

All. 

Angor. 

Argant- 

Arm. 

Alt. 

Ane,  Ene- 

A\^al. 


Bara* 

Bran- 

Brech. 
Bu. 

Broch^ 


Btrr. 

Brefych. 


A. 

Aighir. 

Or. 

Aty  Aras. 

Oile. 

Ancoire* 

Argiod. 

Arm. 

Alt. 

Anam. 

Aval. 

b! 

Sarin. 

Brunn. 

BraigL  , 
Bo. 

Broc. 


Bearr. 
Trayjfeach, 


Acr- 

Aurum- 

Terra! 

Alius. 

Anchora. 

Argcntum. 

Arma- 

Saltiis. 

Aninuu 

Pomuiru 


Panis. 

{Venter,  ma- 
milla* 
Brachium. 
Bos. 

rVas  fiiHlc 
tvelligncum* 
Brcvis. 
Braffica. 
Digitized  by  Google     Bacu) 


OF  THE   DRUIDS.  213 

Bach,  Bagl,  Batta,Bachun.  Baculus. 
Br«,„,Brcnnyn.{|;^J^|Rcx,  Judex. 

Bardd.  Bard.  Poera. 

Baar.  Barra.  VcdiV. 

Brcur.  Brathair.  Prater. 

Brcn.  Breun.  Foetidus, 

Buch,Bonch.  Buc.  Gaper  m^. 


C. 

Ki,  Kua, 

Cuy^Cunr 

Cren. 

Cruinn. 

Crou. 

Cruaigh. 

Carr. 

Can. 

Cat,  Caz. 

Cat. 

Canab. 

Canaib. 

Cantol. 

Coinneol. 

Craou,  Cf aouen.Cr«,  Cnu. 

Coir. 

Ceir. 

Cava. 

Cdl. 

ca 

Cifte. 

Can. 

CannjCaintic. 

Cana, 

Canagh. 

Cambr. 

Seomra. 

Cam. 

Cam. 

Cant, 

Cant,  Ceud. 

Canol. 

Canal, 

Caru,  Cajro. 
Chaden. 

Carr-poigeh. 
Caddan. 

Counid. 

Cunin. 

^alc. 

Coill. 

0  i 

Canis,  qancs. 

Rotundas. 

Durus. 

{Carrus  aut 
Currus, 
Fclis. 
Canabis, 
Candcla, 
Nux. 
Cera. 

f  Cauli?  vcl 
c  Brafllca, 
Cifta. 
Canticuna, 
Canere^ 
Camera* 
Curvus.  . 
Centum, 
Canalij^ 
Cervus. 
Catena. . 
CuniculuSy 
Sylva. 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


314-            THE    HISTORY 

Car. 

Cora.             Gharus. 

CrdUg. 

Cros.             Crux. 

Curun,coron. 

Coroin.           fcorona. 

Corf. 

Corp.              Corpus. 

Coch. 

•               tPurpureus, 

Crin. 

Crian.            Aridus. 

Coq. 

Cocuire.         Coquus. 

Carchar. 

Cdrcsn.         Career. 

Caban. 
Calch. 

Caban.           Cafula. 

Cailce.           Creta. 

Caus. 

Caife.            Cafcus. 

DeriK 

D. 
'Dair.            Qucrcus. 

Dun. 

'Dun.            CoUis. 

Daigr. 

'Dear.            Gutta,lachryma, 

Dcilcn. 

{§Sg^.  *«"'-• 

I>our. 

'Dorn.           Pugnus. 

Dour. 

'Dur.             Aqua. 

Doun. 

T>omhain.     Profundus. 

Di,  Dciz. 

'De.               Dies. 

Dec. 

IXeagy'Deich. 'Decern, 
Tiolas.          Dolor. 

Dolur- 

Dug. 

*Duibhee.       Dux. 

Dor. 

'Dorus.          Oftium. 

Dag. 

't>a^ear.      Pugio. 

Dreuc. 

'Droch.          Malus. 

Dol. 

'Dal.             Vallis. 

pen. 

'Duine.          Homo. 

Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE  DRUIDS. 


ai^ 


E. 

Eduyn. 

Eadhan. 

Videlicet. 

Erigca. 

Eirigh. 

.  Surgere. 

Forn. 

F. 
Fuirn. 

Furnus. 

Fin. 

Fin. 

Subtilis. 

Fin. 

Finn. 

Candidus. 

Fcur. 

Fiar. 

Nundinae. 

Focn. 

Fiur. 

Foenum, 

Ffruyn. 

Sreun. 

Frocnum. 

Fron. 

SroHj  Sronin. 

Nafus,  Narcs. 

Fals. 

Falfa. 

Falfus, 

Fallat. 

Fmagh. 

Fallcrc. 

Fofch. 

Fore. 

Furca. 

Furm. 

Foirm, 

Forma. 

Fcft. 

Feajia. 
G. 

Fcftus. 

Gomn. 

Fion. 

Vinum. 

Grcun. 

Grain. 

Grannm. 

Gaour. 

Qabhar. 

Caper. 

eiu.  Glut. 

Gleu. 

Gluten. 

Groin. 

Croinn. 

fPorcorum 
Cprobofcis. 

Glas. 

Glas. 

Viridis. 

Glin. 

Glun. 

Genu, 

Gloar. 

Gloir. 

Gloria. 

Glaif. 

Claidheamh. 

Gladius. 

Goaz. 

Giagh. 

Anfer. 

Card. 

Gardin. 

Hortus. 

<7ann. 

Gairm. 

Beatus. 

O4 

H. 

Digitized  by  Google 

216 


Hun. 
Hcnn, 


THE   HISTORY 
H, 


Sun. 
Sean. 


Somnus. 
Vctus, 


L 


Imaich. 

Imhaigh. 

Imago. 

l%c,. 

Uifge. 

Aqua, 

Lin, 

L.    . 
Linn. 

Stagnum^lacus. 

La. 

Lamh. 

Manus. 

Lin. 

Lion. 

Linum. 

Lili. 

Lili. 

Lilium. 

Lug. 

Lug. 

Corvus. 

Lagucn. 

Lag. 

Lacuna^uagniunL 

Lech.    . 

Leac. 

Rupcs. 

Lin, 

Linin. 

Linea. 

Liffr. 

Leabhar. 

Liber. 

Lanc^. 

Langa. 
Nask. 

Lancca. 

Lac^. 

Laqueus. 

Lys,  Lcs. 

Lis. 

Aula^  Curia^ 

Leu. 

Leomhan. 

Leo. 

Lcdr,  Lczu, 

Leathar. 

Corium. 

Logis, 

Lofitn. 
M, 

Hofpitium, 

Mis^ 

Mi. 

Menfis. 

Milm,   , 

Mulinn. 

Molendinum. 

iK^ntcl. 

Mantal. 

f  Muliebrc 
cpallium. 

Mai. 

Mala. 

Sacci  genus. 

Moch, 

Mate. 

Porcus. 

Mam: 

Digitized  by  Google 

OF  THE  DRUIDS. 


417 


Mam. 

Mathair. 

Mater. 

Mifgu. 

Meafgah. 

Mifccrc. 

Mor,  Mar. 

Muift  Mara. 

Marc. 

Mel. 

Mil. 

Mel. 

Mm. 

Mile. 

Millc. 

Mall. 

Mallacht^. 

fMalus,  fcc- 
c  Icratus. 

Macftr. 

Maghifdir. 

Magiftcr. 

March. 

Marc.  ; 

Equus. 

Marg. 

Meirg. 

Fcrrugo. 

Nos. 

N. 
Noiche. 

Nox. 

Ncu,  ncucs. 

Nua,  Nuath, 

Novus.. 

Ncf.     " 

Neamh. 

Nubcs, 

Nith,  Ncis. 

Nead. 

Nidiui. 

Ncuth. 

Snaithe. 

Filum. 

Neza,  Niddu. 

Snaightjhagh. 

Ncrc. 

Niul,Niful. 

Nebula. 

Naou. 

Naoi. 

Noycm. 

Nith. 

Nigheann, 

Ncptis. 

NaTtor. 

Naduir.' 

Natura. 

pu. 

O. 
0//,  uile. 

Omnis. 

Orgouil. 
Obcr. 

OrgoilL 
OMr, 

Superbus. 
Opera.  ' 

Oleu,  £ol. 

Ola. 

Oleum. 

Office, 

'£fL 

OiBcium. 

Pnc^, 

Uncia. 

Or, 

Ore. 

Terminus. 

% 

^ 

•-.  * 

Digitized  by  Google 

21 » 


Pcmp. 

Pis. 

Pcz. 

Pris. 

Porth. 

Porfor. 

Poft. 

Punt. 

Pobl. 

PcriU. 

Plant. 

Pare. 

Pul,  Poiil. 


Rhodl. 

Raden>  radio. 
Rhy. 
Rac. 
Rsfon. 
Rot,  Rhoi 
RoufliL 
Ros,  Rofen* 


Scboh. 
SegaL 
Saeth. 
Sog. 


IE    HISTORY     , 

P. 

cTempy  V03 
lantiqua. 

^  Quinqae. 

Tis. 

Pifum. 

Tifa. 

Fruftum. 

Tris, 

Pretium. 

Turt, 

Portus. 

Turfur. 
Tofia. 

Purpura. 

Poftis. 

Tunta. 

Pondo. 

Tobul. 

Populus. 

Tericl 

Pcriculum., 

Tlmta, 

Planta. 

Tairc. 

Viridarium. 

Toll. 

cStagnura,  La- 
icuna,  Sinus. 

R. 

Ramha. 

Remus. 

Rathm. 

FUix. 

Riogh. 

Dominus,  Rex. 

Rach. 

£nim,  nam, 

Refun. 
Rhothtit  rit 

Ratio. 

.  Rota. 

Rosin. 

Reflna. 

Rofa. 

Rofa. 

S. 
Sopa. 

Sapo. 

Seagul. 

Sccalc. 

Sagh'td. 

Sagitta. 

Su. 

Succus. 

Sgub, 


'Digitized 


by  Google 


Of 

THE  DRUIDS.         aij 

Sgub,  yfgub. 

Scuab. 

Scopa. 

Sul. 

Solus. 

Sol,  Lux. 

Siell,  Sel. 

Seala. 

Sigilli^m. 

Tarji,  Tarp. 

T. 

Tarbh. 

Tauras,. 

Tur. 

tor. 

Turris, 

Tumbe. 

Tumba. 

rXumulus,  Sc- 
tpulchrum. 

Tir.. 

Tir. 

Terra. 

Ted 

'Deach. 

Domus. 

Tfuiiea. 

Te^nm^tm. 

Te^;minm. 

Ti. 

Ti,  Tigh. 

Domus. 

Taran. 

potman, 
LTarneach. 

Tonitru. 

Torch. 

Torch. 

Torques. 

Titl. 

Tiodal. 

Titulus. 

Teyrn. 

Tighearna. 

Dominus,  Rcjk^ 

Teyraas. 

Tigkearnas. 

Dominado. 

Tafg. 

Taifte, 

Veaigal. 

Tonn. 

Tunn. 

Cadus. 

Tcuth. 

Tuath. 

Gens. 

Uy. 

V. 

Oibh. 

Ovum. 

Ur,  Our. 

iVJUW". 

Vir. 

Digitized 


by  Google 


•20  THE  HISTORY 


SPECIMEN 

O  F    T  H  E 

ARMORICAN  LANGUAGE. 

THE  BEATITUDES  Mat.ym.i,iLC. 

Eiirus    has    e^m  TQLcflcd    arc    the 

feuryen   ves   a  |J  poor  io   Spirit, 

Jperet  roc  rouantelez^  .  for  the  kingdom  of 

an  euffaon  d  appar*  {ieaven  is  thcir;^  d^r. 
chant  ante. 

Eiirus  bras  et>  an  re       Pronunciation. 
debpnnerj  racandouar 
a  pojfedint.  Cha  as  fba^  &c.  f 

Eiirus  bras  eoanre  a?  jfT  A  final  /is  mut^* 

a  goiiely  roc  cmfolet  Double  ff  ^  v  Con- 

vezint.  fonant.    Gay  go,  gu, 

Eiirus  bras  eo  an  hard  5  Gcy  gi  foft.  Gn 

re  ho  devez  naoun  ha  as  ni  in  Opinion.     £f 

rechety   rac  rajfajpet  is  always  pronounc'd. 

Vizint.  jf  Confonant    as    in 

Dutch* 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF    THE 

EiirHS  bras  eo  an 
re  trugareaus   o  de- 

Eiirus  bras  eo  an  re 
b  deves  ho  caloun  n£ty 
rac  guelet  a  raint 
^oue. 

Eiirus  bras  eo  an 
re  pacijicqy  rac  gual- 
"vet  vezint  mgale 
^€ue. 

Eiirus  bras  eo  an 

re  per e  a  dndur  perfe- 

tion   a  palamour  da 

jufiige  rac  rouanteUsi 

an  euffaon  fo  deze. 

The  Sum  of  the 

•  Te  a  caro  an  An- 
traou  da  ^oue  a  creis 
da  calofiy  a  creis  da 
enefy  hac  a  creis  da 
entendamant. 

Te  a  caro  da  nejfaff 
eueldot  da  hunan. 


DRUIDS.        221 

Dutch.  A  final  x  as 
s.  Z  has  a  particular 
pronunciation.  Je^an^ 
Diminutive  termina- 
tions 5  as  Mapy  Ma- 
pic  5  JMerchy  Merchic  5 
Gruechy  GruechiCy  or 
Gruech  bihany  &c. 


Law  and  Go/pel. 

Thou  (halt  love  the 
Lord  thy  God  with 
all  thy  heart,  with  all 
thy  foul,  and  with  all 
thy  underftanding. 

Thou.fhalt  love  thy 
neighbour  as  thy  own 
felf. 

The  ten  Command-        In  Englifb  pfofe. 
ments  in  verfe.  ^ 

I.  En  un  T^ouiparfat    I.  One  onely  God  (halt 
ezi  credyy  thou  believe, 

Haparfatamant  a        Andpcrfedly  love. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


212  THE    HISTORY 

tauj  quet, 


tiadememes  wttra 
&rbet. 
m.  An  Sulyon  hoc  an 
Gdneljfm  ^M 

A  obfern^  gmt  pe- 
denmu. 

IV.  T^a  tat  da  mam 
hep  bout  fell  J 

Aenory  hac  ez  be- 
n)y  pell. 

V.  Muntrer  yvez  ne 

vizy  quetf 
A  vokmtez  nac  a 
efet. 
V?.  LuKuV^ius  iHir  ma 

I^a  dte  effeSi  na 
dre  dejif. 
VIL  Laezete^  na  mi- 
retmadaouden 

En  epguys  ne  ry  hi- 
zuicquen. 
Vllt  Nac  a  euep  den 
fals  tejieny 

Caon  e  lech  guir 
"ne  liviry. 


II.  By  God  ittvaliithou 
flitk  not  ft^rca:, 

Nor  likcwifc  by  anj^ 
othct  thing. 

III.  Smldays  axKl  Hoiy- 

cUys   Ihalt   thou 
keep 
Ih  ferving  Go)l  de^ 
voutly. 

IV.  TI^  father  and 
mother  ftiialtdiDu 
hor^ur/ 

That    thou    mayft 
letda^longiife. 

V.  Thourlhak  Mfccwifc 

.donoiniutfacr 
By  Will  not  Deed. 

VI.  Norfhalt  th6u  be 
Bi  Deed  or'Dtikev 

VII.  Thoa^  ftate  tsot 
fcecp^the^gobdsof 
a^nother 

Privately    or     by 
force. 

VIII.  T'hbu  fiialt  riot 
bear  falfe  wit- 
jiefs 

Nor  ly  in  ia*y  wife. 

EC' 


Digitized 


by  Google 


OF  THE  DRUIDS.  223 

IX.  Na  dejir  euffr  au    IX*  Thou  fhaltnotcto 
quicq  bizuicquen.  the  works  of  the 

flefh. 
But  m  marriage  one- 

X.  Thou  flialt  not  co- 
vet thy  neigh- 
bours goods 

To  keep  them  with- 
out reafbn. 


Nemet  gaut  friet 
ep  muy  men. 
X.  Madaon  da  hentez 
ne  hoantai  quety 

Emt  ep  rafoun  ho 
miret. 

The  Lord*s  Prayer. 

Hon  Tat  pehiny  fo 
en  ei^ou. 

Hoz  hano  bezet 
fanSfifiet. 

Ho  rouantelez  de- 
vet  demp. 

Ho  vohntez  bezet 
gT£t  en  douar  euelen 
euff. 

Rait  demp  hizyau 
hon  bora  pemdizyec. 

Hapsrdonet  dem 
hon  ojfanfon^  euelma 
pardonomp  dan  teen 
deves  ny  offanget. 

Ha  na  permettet 
quet  ez  coveze  m'en 
tentation. 

Hoguen  hon  deli^ 
njtet  a  drone. 


In  EngU^. 

Our  Father  which 
art  in  Heaven. 

Hallowed  be  thy 
name. 

Thy  kingdom  come. 

Thy  will  be  done 
on  Earth>  as  it  is  in 
Heaven. 

Give  us  this  day  our 
daily  bread. 

And  forgive  us  our 
oiFences,  as  we  for- 
give thofc  that  offend 
us. 

Suffer  us  not  to  fall 
into  temptation. 

.    But  deliver  us  from 
evil. 

Digitized  by  VJ0t^  iC 


224 


THE   HISTORY 


Ma  T^ouS  ho  pet  Lord  have  pity  up* 
truez  onziffervez  ho  on  mc  accx)tding  to 
trugarez  bras.  thy  great  mercy. 

The  Creed. 


Me  a  cret  en  T^oue 
e  Tat  ollgalloudecj 
crouet  dan  Euff  ha 
dan  donar.  Hac  en 
Jefus  Chrijl  e  map 
unic  hon  Antrahou. 
^ehiny  fo  bet  conce- 
vet  ves  auSperetfan- 
tely  guanet  ves  an 
guerches  Mary.  En 
deves  gouzavet  didan 
Ttmge  Tilaty  fo  bet 
€rucifietj  maru^  hafe- 
beliet.  So  bet  difquen- 
net  en  iffernaouy  ha 
dan  trede  dez  rejfu- 
fcitet  d  maru  da  ben. 
(from  Death  to  Life) 
Sopingnet  en  Euffaon^ 
bac  afezet  an  tu  de- 
hou  da  T^ouiy  e  Tat 
pllgalloudec.  A  hone 
ez  duy  da  barn  an  re 
heul  hac  an  re  maru. 
Me  cret  en  Speret  fan- 
tely  hac  an  His  Ca- 
tholic.    Ha  commu-' 


I  believe  in  Gcfd 
the  Father,  &c. 

Antraou  Doue  dif- 
cuezit  diff  hos  enthou, 
ha  quelcnnct  diff  ho 
garantchou.  En  hanu 
an  Tat,  an  Map,  an 
Sperct  fantcl. 
That  isy 

Lord  God  fhew  mc 
thy  ways  and  teach  m« 
thy  paths,  in  the  name 
of  the  Father,  Son, 
and  holy  Spirit. 

Jefus  m^  ^oue  h$^ 
pet  truez  ouziff. 

Jefus  Soh  of  God 
have  pity  upon  mc. 

Hanu  ^oue  bezet 
benniguet. 

The  name  of  the 
God  be  bleflcd. 

Antraou  hoz  bet 
truygarez '  onzemp. 

Lord  have  mercy 
upon  us, 

nion 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


dF  tHE  DRUIDS.         i2? 

fiiofi  dn  sint.  Ref^if  Abremmany  bepret 

fion  anpechedon.  Re-  da  bizuicquen: 

JkrreBion   an   ^ic.  Ftohi  this  time  tq 

An  buhesi  eternel.  Eternity* 

Bu  dl'febei^et  grat.  So  be  it^ 

Mumbersi 

Uhany    daoUy    try^  Ond,    v^6y  thfcCi 

pnaty  pempy    huechy  fourj  five,*  fix,  feveiij 

fetZy   eizy    naoy  det]  eight,    nine,    ten,   e- 

unneCy  daouzecy  try-  leven,twclve,  thirteen^ 

zeCy  penarzecy  pemp^  fourteen,  fifteen,  fix- 

zeCy  chuezeCy  feittecy  teen,  feventeen,  eigh- 

eitteCynaimteCyUguenti  teen>  nineteen^  twen- 
ty. 

Unanvoarn'uguenty  One   and   twenty, 

Tregontydaougueiity        Thirty,  forfy^  half 

banter  canty     try  «-  a  hundred,  /.  e.  fifty^ 

gkenty  dec  a  try  «-  threefcore,  thrd^fcore 

guenty  penar  uguenty  and    ten^    fourfcore^ 

dec  a  penar  uguenty  fourfcore  and  ten,  a 

Ganty  Mily  MHUom  Hundred,    Thdufandj^ 

Million. 

"Days  of  the  Weeh  • 

Ttyjjfully     ^ylluHy        Sunday,    Munday; 

^emeurz^emerchery  Tuefday,  Wednefday^^ 

T>izioUy  ^ergueneti  Thurfday^  Friday,  Sa- 

"Dejffadorny  un  Sizuny  turday,    a  Week,    a 

tmT^eZv  Day. 

Vol.  I.  P  Co4 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


226 


THE    HISTORY 


^one  da  roiff  dez 
tnat  dech. 

Ha  dechhu  Ivez. 

Tenaus  a  hanoch- 
hu? 

Tach  auf  a  truga- 
rez  T>oue. 

Ted  lech  e^  it-hu  ? 

Me  govezo  an  gui- 
ryonez. 


God  give  you  a 
good  day. 

And  to  you  like* 
wife. 

How  do  you  do? 

I  am  well  by  God's 
mercy. 

Whither  go  you  ? 

I  fhall  know  the 
truth- 


Dii  Gallorum. 

TAramis. 
Hcfus. 
Tcutates. 
Bclcnus,  vel 
Abellio. 

Onvana.  yinflra,Hib. 
Hogmius. 
Adraftc:    Andate. 

SVMMUS    Magi- 
STRATi;$* 

Vcrgobretus.'^  brethr, 
C  Hib. 


Officiorum  Maxi 
me  facrorum  no- 
mina. 

Paterae. 
Caena. 
Bardi.  Bard^Baird^H. 

Eubages-  corrupte  pro 
Vates. 


Militaria  Voca- 

»ULA. 


Ger, 


Alauda^ 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


OF   THE 


Alauda. 
Catcrva. 


DRUIDS:  227 

Machine  Bellkai 


MiLiTUM  Species. 

0«lat^.|  ^>b^>&,  H- 
Vargi. 
Crupellarii. 
Bagaudas.  Bagadai. 
Galearii. 

Armorum  Nomina. 

Spatha. 

Gcffum. 

Lancea. 

Catcia. 

Matara. 

Thyreus.  .JWri^yUtb. 

Cctra.      '      '- 

^tdcas^qua^as* 


Mangae. 
Mangana. 
Mangona-( 
lia« 


^  Dimiimt; 
ghartt 


Currmm  Nominal 

Benna^ 

Petoritum* 

Carrus. 

CovinumJ 

Efledum^ 

Rheda. 


yefiium  Nominal 

Rhcno* 

IS^gus* 

Lihna  f. 

Gaunacum. 

BardiacuS)  pro  Bardi^ 


t    LinM^   faga  *^  quadrii   ec  tiioilia   funt^    de  quibui 
Plant.    Linns  cooperta  eft  textrino  Gallia.  Ifidor. 

I-inna  Diodoro  eft  ^«yn  +<ao«,  tt  Varroni  mollis  fagmd 
fUbemis  hodiernis  indufium  eft  non  una  mutau  litterat 


P;^ 


Paj:d<>« 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


228  THE  HISTORY^  &t. 

BardocucuUus,    etiam  pro  Bardis. 
Bracca^   pro  omnibus.     Breaccan. 
Maniaci. 

Animalium  Nomina. 

Marc,  Equus. 

Rhaphius,  Lupus  Cervinu5. 
Abrana,  Simla. 
Barracaccac,   Pcllium,  &c. 
Lug.  Cornix.  Mus. 
Clupea.    Pifcis  fpecies. 


Digitized 


CICE- 

by  Google 


CICERO 

JLLUSTRATUS, 

DISSERTATIO 

fHlLOLOGICp-CRITJCA  : 

SIVE 

Confilium  dc  toto  edendo  Cicerone,  alia 
plane  methodo  quam  haftenus  vinquam 
fa£him. 


Vivitj  vivetque  per  cmnem  fecuhrum  memoriam :  dum* 
que  hoc  vel  forte,  vel  providentii,  vel  utcunque  con- 
ftitutuniy  rerum  Naturae  corpus  {quod  Hie  paenefo- 
lus  Romanorum  ammo  vidit,  ingenio  complexus  efi^ 
eloquentia  iUuminavit)  manebtt  incolume^  comitem 
(levi  Jut  laudem  Ciceronis  trahet. 

Vel.  Paterc.  lib.  2.  cap.  66. 


] 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


( 2J1 ) 


CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS. 

Caput    I. 

Viro 

Natalibus,    ingcnio.   Uteris,    armis 
Infigni, 

D-D.  Georgio  Gulielmo 

Baroni  dc  Hohcndorf, 

In  copiis  fac.  Caef.  Majcft.  equitum  Tribuno, 

Sereniflimi  Principis 

Summique  Impcratoris 

EUGENII    SABAUDI 

Adjutori  generali  &  Optioni, 
S.  P.  D. 

Joannes    Tolandus. 


IR  quidam,   ad  miraculum  ufquc 
cruditus,    facpc  mc  diccntcm  au- 

~-l^   divit,    CiCERONEMMIHI  SEMPER 
^      ^^- ^   TALEM  FORE,  QUALIS  CiCERONI 

,  •  ■ — ~  .  EXTiTERAT  Pjl  ATO  :  cumquc  idem 
iftud  in  fcriptis  mcis  (omni  tamcn  conipara- 
tione  procul  remota)  non  femel  Icgiffet,  cnixc 

P  4  ^afli- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


fj2   CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS. 

afliducquc  hortatus  eft,  ut  novam  hujus  incom- 
parabills  Oratorls,  optimi  Civis,  fapientilumi 
Magiftrati^,  fummi  Philofophi,   editionem  a- 
dornarc  vcllcm.     Nemo  chim  amicp  noftro 
acutivis  ea  animadvertere  folet,  quae  in  qui- 
bufvis  cditionibus  aut  cxubercnt  quoquo  mo- 
do  aut  deficiant5    five  quod  editores   aliqui 
ofcitantcs   nimis  &  imprtidcntcs  fUerint>  fiyc 
quod  aliqui  fubfidiis  minus  &  otio  gavifi  iint : 
live  hoc  denique  (quod  frequcntius  certe)  ex 
plerorumquc   Grammatiftarum  ac  Commep'* 
tatorum   ridicula   afFcftatione,     ex   faftidiofa 
do£trinac  oftcntatipne,  ex  declamatoria  jrerum 
pufiilarum  amplificatione,    aut   ex   arrogantia 
minime  fercnda  evcnerit.      Impulfu  ergo  Jip 
jus  amoeniorum  ftudiorum  arbitri,    ac  vciic- 
menti  mea  erga  Ciceronem  propenfione  com- 
motps,  non  exemplar  modo,   fed  confilium 
ctiam    perfeftioris  omni  ratione,   quam  un- 
quam  haftenus,    editionis  faciundae,    tacitus 
mecum  primo  cfformavi*     Hand  parum'  dc- 
inceps  in  propofito  me  confirmarunt  viri,  noi^ 
magis  judicii  laudc,  quam  fcicntiae  amplitudinq 
confpicui:  nam  paucillimis,  fateor,  quorum  a- 
pud  mc  audoritas  plus  quam  multitudinis  ap- 
probatio  valet,   quali   in  hoc  negotio  animo 
cflTem,  aperai,     Et  pergere  demum   pras  om- 
nibus unus  accendebat,  qui  utilifllmum  hujuf- 
modi  coeptum  pro  merito  quidem  aeftimarc 
imo  &  libcraliter  infuper  promoveye  potis  eft. 

II.  SED  O  Dii  boni  !  quam  altos  fufluli a^ 
nimo$,    quantumquc  incitatiis  his   ftudiis  & 

in- 
Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


GICERO   ILLUSTRATUS.     23? 

inflamniatus  co  die  Geperofifliine  Baro)  quQ 
dedufhis  fum  a  te  prima  vice  ad  fercniiTimuni 
EuGENiUM  Sabaupum,  nomcn  totoqrbjccc- 
leberrimum,  &  literarum  cultoribus  imprimi3 
yencrandum,  cum  fit  ipfe  omnium  bonarum 
^rtium  dccus  &  lumen  !  Quando  intromiflus 
(inquam)  Hagae-Comitis  ad  celfiillmum  Prin- 
cipem,  ac  pracfcntem  intucri  fas  er^t,  immo 
quando  mcntem  ejus  fcnfufque  circa  lianc  ipr 
(am  Ciceronis  editipncm  pcrfpiccre  dabatur; 
non  diutius  licuit  ambigere,  non  ampiius  hxr 
fere,  quin  me  mcaquc  omnia  ftatim  in  fidem 
pc  poteftatcm  vidoris  permitterem.  ;  Antea 
mihi  cum  omnibus,  quos  oriens  Sol  aut  oc- 
cidens  refpicit,  juxta  notum  erat,  ilium  non 
mpdo  eorum  hominum  qui  nunc  funt  gloriani, 
fed  et|am  antiquitatis  memoriam  bellica  vir- 
piitc  fuperaflfc,  omnefque  omnium  gentium 
JmpeyatQtum  res  geftas  longe  poft  fe  reliquifle : 
tiuflae  fiquidem  nee  cantenthmm  magnitu^ 
4iney  9tff  numero  fraeliorum^  nee  varietate 
regionumy  nee  eeleritate  eenjiciendh  cum  ip- 
fius  praeclaris  facinoribus  conferri  pofliiqt. 
Quod  enim  belli  genus  in  quo  eum  non  exr 
crcuerit  fortuna,  virtus  non  rcddiderit  vifto- 
rpm?  An  Turcicum  memorcm  vel  Hungari- 
ijum,  Gcrmanicuni,  Italicum,  Allobrogicum, 
^elgicum,  Gallicum,  aliaque  bellaJ  inquibus 
xpanum  ipfius  &  aninium  indomitum  obfcu- 
ratura  nulla  unquam  fit  oblivio.  Ut  Tullii  ver- 
bis ilium  fideliter  exprimere  ^ttgzm,  faepius 
cum  hajie  eonflixity  quam  mifquam  eum  tni- 
t^ieo  eoneertavit :  plura  hella  gejjit^  quam 
'       '   \  feteni 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


2J4    CICERO   ILLtrSTRATUS. 

ceteri  legerunt :  f  lures  provincias  confecity 
quam  alii  concupiverunt :  &  ejus  adolefcentia 
ad  fcientiam  ret  militaris  non  alienis  prae- 
ceptiSy  fed  fuis  imperiisi  non  ojfenjionibus 
belli ^  fedvi£ioriis ;  non  JlipendiiSy  fedtrium- 
phis  eft  erudita.  Hacc,  aio,  omnia  non  po- 
tcrant  non  mihi  cfle  notifllma.  Scd  in  euni 
ufquc  diem  mc  fateor  latuiffc  (quod  cxinde 
luculentcr  cognovi)  non  minus  fcilicct  Euge- 
NiUM  litcris  cflc  potentem  quam  armis?  nee 
Uteris  tantum  humanioribus,  quae  ipfi  in  dc- 
liciis  lunt,  fed  arte  etiam  hiftorici  graphicc 
pollere :  non  in  Romanis  duntaxat  &  Graecis 
antiquitatibus  efle  verfatum,  fed  pracftantifli- 
mam  ejus  efle  peritiam  in  univerfo  jure  belli 
&  pacis,  quod  non  foli  ilium  libri,  fed  res 
ipfae  docucrunt  5  cum  ufu  &  ingenio  tantum 
valeat,  quantum  fide  &  audoritate.  Philo- 
fophiam,  feu  naturae  contemplationcm  & 
morum  dodrinam,  qua  nullum  majus  aut 
melius  a  Diis  datum  munus  homini,  illc  om- 
nium mortalium  oculatiilimus  limul  ac  mora- 
tiffimus  non  invita  attigit  Minerva.  Nae  in- 
credibilc  diftu  eft,  quantos  in  omnibus  ejus 
/partibus  progrcflus  fecerit.  Inde  vcnit,  ut  tarn 
facilis  fit  ad  ^um  privatorum  aditus,  ut  tamus 
fit  in  CO  lepos,  vcnuftas,  &  elcgantia  fcrmo- 
nisi  ut  nemo  denique  ilium  prudentia,  con- 
filio,  conftantia,  fortitudine,  magnitudinc  a- 
nimi,  innocentia,  probitatc,  aut  uUo  gcncre 
laudis  excellat ;  &  talis  hercle  eft,  ut  quicquid 
dc  eo  dicitur,  idem  de  nuUo  alio  eodem  mo- 
do  intclligi  pollit  5  unus  ncmpe,    qui  onmia 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS.     235 

tanqoam  fingula  abfolvat.  Tarn  largus  eft  & 
munificus  in  artinm  liberaiium,  immo  &  in- 
geniofaram,  cxcultorcs  (quos  benigno  fempef 
excipit  vultu)  ut  bencficcntia  ipiias  &  libcrali* 
tas  in  proverbium  jam  abicrint.  Pifturae, 
Poefcos,  &  Mufices  non  ftudiofior,  quam  doc- 
tus  &  intelligcns  aeftimator.  Scd  librorum 
amor,  quos  undiquaque  miranda  cum  diligen- 
tia  &  dekftu  conquirit,  alia  fere  omnia  ftudia 
fupcravit.  Ardorem  iiunc  Bibliothecae  locu- 
pletiflimae  inftruendae  noftrarcs  omni  prae- 
dicatione  decorandum  cenfucrunt  praeteritS 
hicme,  quando,  Danubio,  Pado,  Rheno,  Mo- 
fac  jampridcm  mirabilis^  Oceano  tandem  & 
Tiiamefi  noftro  majorcm  fe  adhuc  &  clariorcm 
fpcftandum  obtulit.  Praefentiam  ejus  diu  eft, 
quod  Batavis  invidcmnt  Britanni.  Utinam  & 
hie  Gonfiftat  ilia  Invidia  !  Hunc  audiebant  an-- 
teay  ntmc  autem  wderuntj  tanta  temferan- 
tUy  tanta  manfuetudinej  tantk  btimanitate  t 
ut  it  heatifflmi  ejje  'videantur,  ajnid  quos  Hie 
diutijjimk  commoratur.  A  remotifllmis  infulis, 
&  ab  ultima  terrarum  Thule,  fit  bonorunv 
omnium  apudhofpitium  ejus  concurfus.  Aures 
ejus  acclamationibus,  oculos  fuos  gratiflimo* 
fpedaculo  iniplent.  Oppletae  undique  viacy 
anguftus  ipfi  trames  reliftus.  Sencs,  pucri, 
matronac,  virgincs,  nobiles,  ignobiies,  ccrta- 
tim  vidcre  &  coram  vcncrari  geftiunt ,  paucis 
omnino  exceptis,  apud  quos  non^  ratioy  non^ 
modusy  non  lexj  nm  mos,  non  officium  valet j 
non  judicium^  non  exiftimatio  civiumy  non 
pojteritatis  verecundia.     Non  tantiim  ergo  res' 

ejus 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


;i36    CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS. 

pjus  bellicae  a  Britannis  )am  cclebrabuntnr^ 
ut  antea$  fed  rcrum  etiam  humanarum  ac 
divinarum  fcientia,  in  caftris  (quod  mirandum) 
&  tumultu  comparata :  nam  unicus  fere  poft 
antiques  junxit  Eugenius,  res  hoc  tempore 
diverfiflimas,  Literas  &  Arma*  At  quo  pro- 
grcdior?  Nullius  eft  ccrte  tanta  dicendi  aut 
fcribendi  oopia,  quae  non  dicam  exornare,  fed 
cnarrare,  ac  multo  nuinus  exaequare,  tot  ani- 
mi  dotes,  tot  egregia  fada  poffit ;  onmium 
tamen  populorum  Uteris  atquc  Unguis  memo- 
randa. Sic  longe  deniquc  latcquc  diflfiifae 
funt  ejus  laudes,  ut  gloriae  ejus  domicilium 
ipfis  univerfi  finibus  tcrminetur.  Caetera  prae- 
ftabit  honor  aeternus  AnnaUum.  Dum  ani- 
ma  ergo  fpirabo  mea,  Hohendorfi,  tui  in  me 
beneficii,  qui  notitiam  t*nti  herois  &  favorem 
mihi  conciliafti,  nunquam  cro  inimeraor ;  nee 
uUa  unquam  dies  gratias  tanto  debitas  officio 
definiet.  O  me  beatum!  quitehabeam  non 
folum  aequillimum  ftudiorum  meorum  aefti- 
matprem,  fed  acrem  fuhinde  hortatorem  & 
idoneum.  Quum  faciUime  idcirco  in  nomine 
tuo  acquiefcam,  par  eft  ut  accurate  tecum  & 
particulatim,  de  meo  in  edendo  Cicerone  pro- 
pofito,  agam;  unde  meam  quoque  dc  ipib 
Cicerone,  ut  &  de  quibufdam  maleferiatis 
Ariftarchis,  fententiam  edifcas.  Ceterum,  quod 
diligi  a  te  &  curari  me  inteUigam,  inunorta-; 
Uter  gaudco. 

III.  QUAMVIS  imprimis  perfuafum  habeam 
onxnium  gentium  atquc   temporam  ingcnia, 

dum- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS.     237 

dummodo  rcrum  adjunda  rite  penfitentur,  cfle 
acqualia:  quave  tamen  cxpublicae  difciplinae 
aut  privatae  educationis  mcthodis  divcrliffimis, 
quavc  ex  pleroiriimque  hominum  occupationi- 
bus  neceflariis  aut  Voluntaria  excrcitationc,  fie 
fere  contingit  5  ut  quicquid  in   eloquentia  & 
rerum  politicarum  ftudiis  profccerimus,  poti- 
orem  faltem  partcip,  Graecis  id  omne  &  La- 
tinis  fcriptoribus  ex  affc  dcbeamus.     Horum 
ncmpc  manes  in  Libris  fuis  (quafi  ex  fepulcris 
^  alloquentes)  orbi  dim  tradidcrunt,  jamque  e- 
*  tiam  nunc  tradunt,    ornatioris  fermonis,  rei- 
publicac  prudenter  adminiftrandae,  morum  po- 
litiorum  fimul  &  caftiffimorum  pracclata  do- 
cumenta;  innumeris  omnia  illuftrata  &  con^ 
firmata  cxemplis.      Hinc  accidit,  ut  elabora- 
tiffima  linguarum  hodiernarum  idiomata,  leges 
Sc  confuetudines  probatiifimae,  ac  fclediilima 
itidem  proverbia,  fint  a  nobifmct  ipfis,  aut  ab 
aliis  inter  legcndum  indc  dcfumta:  plurimi 
cnim,  qui  Graecis  nunquam  aut  Romanis  li- 
teris  operam  impenderunt,   dodiorum  tamen 
labores  vel  pertradando  crebrius  vei  imitando> 
eadem  iilinc  elegantiae,    perfpicuitatis,   atquc 
ordinis  emolumenta  lucrati  funt$  ut  de  foli* 
diori  rerum  cognitionc^  aut  dc  egregiis  omni 
dvcntui  acGommodandis  exemplis,  nihil  dicam, 

IV.  HORUM  vero  antiquorum,  non  uno 
tantiim  nomine  pracftantiflimus  femper  ha- 
bcndus  eft  MARCUS  TULLIUS  CICERO^ 
fed  omnium  etiam  defcdum  quodammodo  fup- 
plcrc  pollet^  fi,  ad  rcliquorum  inftar,  fiiiflent 

ad. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ'IC 


2j8     CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS. 

adhucdum  reftantcs  deperdici.  Qu6d  in  hiibo- 
ria  Philofophorum  &  dodrina  tradenda^  ia 
Foliticorum  fpcculationibus  &  cxcrcitiis,  ac 
(quod  primum  mcmorare  debueram)  in  origine, 
progrcflu,  &  perfedionc  £loquentiae>  Romanis 
omnibus  tarn  cxtantibus  quam  extin^Hs  im- 
menfiim  antcccllat,  eft  proculdubio  veriffi-* 
mum  5  fi  iidem  potiffimum  illis  adhibemus> 
quorum  in  hac  caufa  teftimonium  fine  abfur- 
ditatc  rccufari  nequit^  utpote  qui  proximi  ab 
illo  fmt  ipfi  in  hifcc  artibus  principes  ccnfcn- 
di.  Graecos  illos>  quos  primum  pciquam  di- 
ligcntcr  cvolvit,  ac  poftca  non  minds  fclid- 
tcr  imitatus  eft,  longiftime  demum  fuperavit, 
&  totum  idcirco  genus  humanunu 

V.  TUTO  nihilofecius  affcvcrare  poflimi, 
eundem  hunc  Ciceronem  non  paucis  in  ipfo 
orbe  Literario  pene  ignomm  efte ;  etiamfi  nul- 
lius  profedo  nomen,  idque  meritiftimo^  in 
omnium  ore  frequentius  verfctur.  A  fimu- 
latis  Grammaticis  (nam  genuinos  plurimi  fa- 
cio)  ab  ignobilibus,  inquam,  vcrborum  qpiiici- 
bus  ita  inepte  tradatus,  &  tam  perverik  cti- 
amnum  modis  acceptus  eft,  ut  ex  ipfts  unum 
fuifte  complures  exiftiment ;  undo  omnes  q^ot- 
quot  fbediflimo  hoc  crrorc  poft  Fhiielphum 
laborant,  ilium  aeque  ac  trivialem  quemvis 
ludimagiftrum  aut  petuiantem  refugiant  pae- 
dagogum.  Idem  de  Rixetoribus  d[icQ,  putido 
illo  fenfu  quo  vulgo  nunc  intelliguntur  um- 
bratiles  Dcclamatorcs.  Caufidici,  pragmatici, 
&  procuratorcs,  vcl  Wanditiis  ilium,  vel  mc- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS.     239 

til,  vcl  muneribus,  vel  fraude  adurgent,  ut 
in  ipforum  Collegium  fe  cooptatum  profitea- 
tur :  nee  defunt,  qui  allegata  praeftent,  falfi 
teftesj  aut,  qui  argutiis  hominem  illaqueare 
velint,  Icgulei.  Hoc  apud  imperitos  facit,  ut 
vcrbofus,  impudcns,  venalis,  &  litigiofus  ha- 
beatur,  cadem  odiofa  imputatione,  qua  ta- 
bulae forenfes  &  cavillatores,  digniffimis  Pa- 
tronorum  Advocatorumque  vitae  c'onditioni- 
bus  indigniilime  abutuntur.  NuUus  eft  urbe- 
culae  vel  tenuifllmac  praefedus,  five  Major  fit 
(ut  barbarc  loquuntur)  five  Burgomagifter  5 
non  fyndicus,  non  fcabinus,  non  fcultctus, 
non  viae  publicae  vel  aedificiorum  curator, 
quin  fe  Ciceronem,  aut  fimilem  omnino  fibi 
Ciccronem  credat  :  tarn  appofite  rebus  adap- 
taverunt  nomina  recentiores  Critici !  illis  nam- 
que  tot  Confules,  Praetores,  Aediks,  Quae- 
ftorcs  {&  quid  non  hujus  generis?)  hi  omnes 
fiunt,  evadunt,  cluunt. 

VI.  TU  autem  (Vir  Illuftriffime)  qui  Rci- 
publicae  Romanae  formam  &  adminiftra- 
tionem,  qualcmque  in  ea  locum  nofter  ob- 
tinuerit,  tarn  probe  calles  5  adeo  haec  omnia 
a  veritate  abhoxrere  novifti,  ut  nuUus  jam 
in  Europa  Princeps,  aut  alius  quicunque 
magiftratus,  fe  gradu  &  dignitate  cum  Ci- 
cerone exacquare,  non  plus  quam  ditiones 
fuas  &  auftoritatem  Romano  Imperio  aequi- 
parare,  poffit.  At,  quod  ejus  fam«  clarita- 
tem  magis  adauget,  ex  equcftris  ordiais  no- 
vo homine,  Romae,  tunc  orbis  terrarum  do- 
4  minae. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


i40  CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS; 

iiiinac,  Quacftot,  Aedilis,  .  Praetor,  Conful; 
Augur^  Proconful  cum  Impcrio,.  pcrpctua 
fcric  clcdus  eft,  Imperatorqvie  ab  exercim 
in  Cilicia  falutatus.  Exat  non  fui  rnodo,,  fed 
omnium  equidem  temporum,  fcicntiae  civili^ 
peritiirimusj  quod  Or  at  tones  &  Epijiolae  lu- 
culenter  oftendunt.  Eloqucntiae  ipfius  am- 
plitudo  orbis  Impcrio  pari  &  hoftis  quon- 
dam Julius  Cacfar  (nemo  fiquidem  illi  inimi- 
cus  patriae  amicus  effc  poterat)  agnovit  Cicet 
roncm(i)  omnium  triumphorum  lauream  ad- 
eptum  majoremy  quanta  plus  efiy  ingenii  Ro- 
mani  terminos  in  tantum  prcmovtyey  quam 
Imperii :  poftcrius  namque  hoc  beftiis  nobif- 
cum  commune  eft?  cum  prius  iftud  a  Ra- 
tione,  qua  Deum  quadantenus  rcferimus,  prO- 
ficifcatur.  Erat  Orator  Ille  omnibus  numeris 
abfolutus,  quem  antiquiores  iibi  nunquam 
GOgnitum,  fed  in  animo  duntaxat  effiftum  & 
adumbratum,  fatentur  5  qualifque  ipfe  meher- 
cle  addubitat,  an  unquam  extiterit.  Coae- 
tanei  vero,  &  alii  cundi  in  hodiernum  ufqae 
diem,  Ciceronem  folum  fuiffe  mortalium  om- 
nibus ingenii  dotibus  praeditum,  una  voce 
conclamant.  Proh  Jupiter  !  quam  eft  Vcrbo- 
rum  copia,  dcledu,  fitu  admirabilis  f  quanta 
orationis  dignitas,  eJficacia,  fuavitas !  quam  ex^ 
uberantes  inventionis  fontes,  &  paratiffima^ 
rcrum  eligendarum  amplificandarumquc  to- 
pica!  quam  exquifitus  &  concinnus  ordo  ! 
quam  limpida  &  defoecata  perfpipuitas !  quam 

(0  Plin.  Hift.  Nftt.  lib.  7.  cap.  10. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS,  241 

ftupcnda  elegantia,  &  pulcherrima  lumina  tq* 
turn  exornant  I  quantus  in  commovendo  pa- 
iritcr  ac  deleftando  arti/ex  !   qualis  tamcn  (ut 
Verbo  dicam)    argumciitandi  non  intcrrupta 
ferics>  quantiiquc  pcrfuadendi  vis  nequaquam 
irefiftcnda!   facilis  tatncn  ubique  &  cxpeditus 
eft,  fimpliciffimus,  jiiGiiiidiflimus,   honcftiffi- 
mus.     Hoc  qualcGunquc  elogium  ad  mcfito- 
rum   fublimitatem  nimis  quantum  liumilc  ! 
nam  Romanoj?um  civium  fuit  iiaud  dubie  <^- 
timusi  patriae  autcm  prae  univerfis  amantiffi- 
mus  (in  quibus  Cato  folui  non  fine  rivali  ip- 
Turn  reliquit)  &  fui  deniquc  temporii,  ncc  il- 
lo  fcicntiac  miraculo  Varronc  cxcepto,  in  om- 
rii  dodrinac  generc  cruditiflimusi     Non  Ora- 
toiribus  enini,  Politicis,  &  Piiilofophis  pcirvefti- 
gandis  totiis   incubuit  5   fed  quicquid    etiam 
Poetae,  Grammatici,  Geographi,  Hiftorici  fcrip- 
fcrant,  quiequid  Graecae  docuerunt  vcl  La- 
tiiiac  literae,  id  omne  imbibcrat  pcnitus  & 
animd  corhplexuis  eft.    Nc  quern  faiiat  rejrum 
haec  minuta  expofitio,  non  fubvereor :   nam- 
que  te  (Hohendorfi)  fama  mihi  &  audoyi- 
fcate  tantopefe  pracccllcntem,  non  minimum 
corum  qiiae  vcl  jam  dixi,  vei  denuo  difturus 
fum,  ignorare  uUatenus  atbitror.     Levifllma 
Iftiufmodi  ftoliditatis  fufpicio  mihi  me,  ac  om- 
nibus juxta,  deridendum  objicerct.     Honefta 
folummodo  ambitionc  animatus,  tibi  demon-' 
ftrare  percupio^  me  de  Audore  noftro  adco 
rede  fcntirej  ut  accuratum  illud  novae  cdi- 
tionis  confilium,  quod  tuo  fubadiori  judicio 
fubmittendum  propofui,  confedurum  mc,  ac 
Vol.  I.  Q  n       ^^ 

•^*  Digitized  by  LiOOgle 


i42  CICERO   ILLUStRATUS. 

ad  cxitum  pro  rei  dignitatc  perdufhirum,  f\t 
admodum  vcrifimilc. 

VII.  METHODUSUIa  vcrc  pracpoftcri, 
qua  Ciccronis  opera  in  crudium  pilcrulorum 
manus  tcmcrc  ac  fine  dcleftu  conjiciuntur  a 
nullius  acuminis  ludimagiftris,  qui  cos  flagris 
quoque  inclementcr  accipere  folent,  cum  nu- 
nus  confequuntqr,  quae  ncque  juventutis  per- 
facpc  ncque  rcipublicae  redorcs  fatis  intcUi- 
gunt  5  hacc  (inquam)  difciplina  illiberalis  in 
caufa  eft,  cur  tarn  perpcram  de  viro  illo  di- 
vino  plerique  concipiantj  &  quod  aliquando 
ad  nomen  ipfius,  propter  verbera  fie  olim 
d  plagofis  Orbiliis  importune  accepta,  toti 
contremifcant.  Ita  quidem  Orationes  ejus  & 
Epifiola  (quae  graviflimas  de  rebus  civilibns 
controverfias,  eximias  politicorum  artes,  &  re- 
condita  imperii  arcana  compleftuntur)  non 
alio  a  quibufdam  habcntur  loco,  quam  ©?- 
clamationes,  quas  exercitandi  caufa  pronun* 
tiant  quandoque  fcholaftici  5  aut  EpiftolaSy 
•-quas  in  Mufeis  fuis,  abfque  fubjedo  ullo  vel 
confiliorum  focio  propofito,  fcriptitant  homi- 
nes otiofi,  Haec  ergo  &  reliqua  ejufdem  o- 
pera,  non  digniori  fine  ab  aliis  leguntur,  quam 
ut  verborum  inde  copiam,  tanquam  ex  repcr- 
torio  quodam,  depromant  5  quod  plurimos  in- 
duxit,  ut  nihil  in  iis  praeter  verba  reperuri  ccn- 
ferent.  Inde  (ficuti  credere  par  eft)  evenit, 
ut  in  libris  nonnullorum,  qui  Ciceronem  in 
deliciis  habere  prae  fe  ferunt,  fi^ndra  tantum 
verba,  ac  fcnfibus  omniuo  deftituta,  rcperias. 

^^_Nullo 

Digitized  by  VjOOQI". 


CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS.  245 

NuUo  iion  tempore  tales  extiterunt,  quorum 
&  ipfe  in  primo  de  Oratore  meminit :  (2)  quid 
eft  enim  (inquit)  tarn  furiofufKy  quam  vetbo- 
rum^  njel  optimorum  at  que  ornatiffimorum^  fo- 
nitus  inanis  ?  nulla  fubje£ia  fententia,  nee 
fcientia.  Cave  tamen,  amabo>  ne  crcdas  mc 
Ciceroncm  interdicendum  velle  pueris,  aqui- 
bus  nunquam  non  terendus  eft,  &  ex  quo 
quiequid  libero  homine  dignum  eft  hauriri 
poffint.  Unde,  quacfo>  Latinam  linguam  fa- 
cWmSy  melius,  citius  cdifcant,  quam  ab  ipfo 
Romanac  cloquentiae  principc  ?  Vulgarem  ta- 
men docendi  rationem  imprpbarcme  non  dif- 
fiteor.  In  fcholas,  quafi  in  piftxinum  aliquod, 
detruduntur  mifelli  5  unde,  ficuti  pleraeque 
inftitutae  funt,  librorum  odium  non  amorem 
reportant  :  ac  poftea  in  Academiis  quibufdam 
cruditis  ineptiis  tantum  non  catenati,  ipfas  li- 
tcras,  propter  literatorum  inanem  faftum,  & 
odia  ob  res  nihili  internecina,  per  totam  vi- 
tam  afpcrnantur.  At  Hie  fe  profecijje  fciat^ 
inquit  Quintilianus,  cui  Cicero  "valde  pla-^ 
cebit. 

VIII.  NON  infulfius  aliquando  de  Cice- 
rone ferunt  uUi  judicium,  quam  illi  e  quorum 
manibus  (tuum,  11  fapiunt,  fcquuturi  exem* 
plum)  neque  interdiu  neque  nodu  cxcuti 
debuit  5  viros  intelligo  natalium  fplendore  $c 
civili  fcientia  nobiles.  Nc  pedaneus  aliquis  & 
calamiftratus  iit  ver^tum  propola,  ne  cum 

{%)  Cap.  12. 

O  2  difpari 

'  ^  Digitized  i:  ^ 


244  CICERO  iLLUStRATl/S. 

difpariautinferioris  fortis  homine  confortiutii 
incanty  forfan  vcrcntur :  fed  tarn  a  nobis^  qu^ 
re  ipfa  melius  edodi,  dignius  fentiant.     Hie 
igitur  ilk  Cicero  fiiit,  qui  omnium  (3)  primus 
fuprema  inter  mortaies  appellatione  exornatus> 
a  Quinto  Catulo  fenatus  principe,  ac  conunur 
ni  reliquoram  applaufu  (4)  Pater  Patriae  fa- 
lutus  eft  >  imo  ab  ipfo  Catone,  homine  (it  un- 
quam)  ab  omni  aflentandi  fufpicione  alieno> 
(5)  iic  nominabatur.  Hoc  etiam  a  civium  in  li- 
bera Republica  fuffiragiis  confirmatum>  ubi  ho- 
norum   tituli  gramita  proponebantur  virtuti 
merccs  :   non,  uti  hie  ipfe  pauto  poft,  in  dif* 
folutiffimos  confcrebatur  Imperatorcs  s  nee  uti 
f  am  indc,  in  hoc  ufque  tcmpus,  minutulo  cui- 
vis  Tyranno  ab  iis  tribuitur,  quibus  in  animo 
ante  omnia  exofus  eft.    Lucius  Gellius  (ut 
ipfe  in  L.  Vifonem)  civicam  ei  coronam  dc- 
beri  dixit,  ob  Rempublicam  fcrvatam.    Hie 
(ut  itcrum  dicam)  fuit  ille  Cicero,  qui  adverfa 
praevalente  fadionc,  &  ab  ilia  jam  urbe  exu- 
laturus,  quam  nupcrrimc  noft  minori  confer- 
vavit  fapicntia,  quam  antca  moderatus  eft,  to- 
turn  viderat  cqueftrem  ordinem,  veftem  (ut 
tunc  moris  erat)  pro  fe  (6)  mutantem.     Quid 
fenatum  nominem  ?  cum  idem  cunda  (7)  Ita- 
lia, tanquam  in  publica  aliqua  calamitate,  fe- 
ciflet  5  cumque  ipfe,  quando  fordidatus  popu- 
lo  fupplicaret,  a  nobiliffimis  viginti  miUe  de- 

C9)Plin.  Hift.  Nat,  t.  7.  c  10.    Juvenal.  Sat.  8. 

(4)  Orat.  in  L.  Pifonem,  c.  3.  &  pro  P.  Sextio,  c.  57. 

(5)  Vide  Plutarch,  in  Cicerone,  8c  de  eodem  Appianunu 

(6)  Orat.  pro  P.  Sextio,  c  lit 
(7)IbiAc.id,  tfo,  &c. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ  I      ■ 


CICERO  ILLUaXRATUS.  245 

prccatoribus,  nobilibus  praecipue  adolcfccnti- 
bus,  veftibus  paritcr  muWtis,  ($)conaitabatur. 
Suftcntatus  in  hunc  moduffi,  tantoperc  dilcdus, 
vencrandus  omnibus,  &^  admiratiohi  habitus, 
quam  facile  obfequium  dctreftarc,  ac  jninu- 
cos  apcrta  vi  profligate  pofTet  >  lllis,  c  cojtitra- 
rio,  qui  nimiam  in  co  lenitatem  aut  timidi* 
tatcm  culpabant,  ;ugitcr  rcfpondit :  malic  ft 
officiofe  legibus  morcm  gcrere,  ctfi  in  pcmi*- 
ciem  fuam  detortis  5  quam  fcditiofe  conten^ 
dere,  ubi  Reipublicae  inftitutis,  &  civium  vi- 
tis,  tum  cladcs  turn  viftoria  eflct  juxta  cxitia- 
bilis  futura.  Ego  (inquit  ille  in  quodam  (9)  lo- 
co) tantis  pericuHs  propojitis  [cum  fi  viBus 
effeniy  interitus  Reipublicae  i  Ji  victjfemy  in^ 
^mta  dimiaaio  pararetur)  comtmtteremy  ut 
idem  perditor  Reipublicae  neminarery  quifer^ 
*vator  fuiffem  ?  Mortem  me  timuijfe  diets ^ 
Ego  veto  ne  immortalitatem  quidem  centra 
Rempublicam  accipiendam  putaremy  nedum  e^ 
ptori  cum  pernicie  Reipublicae  vellem :  nam 
qui  prQ  Republica  vitam  dediderunt  {licet  me 
defipere  dicatis\  nunquam  mehercle  eos  mor^ 
tern  potius  quam  immortalitatem  ajfequutos 
putavi.  Quam  infigne  probi  civis  &  optimi 
pbilofophi  pxemplar ! 

IX.  UT  pcnitius  intcUigatur  quantopcro 
haec  agendi  ratio  popularium  illi  conciliavit 
bcncvolentiam,  quaiitoque  apud  optimosquof- 

(8)  Ibid.  c.  12.  6t  paffim  ip  Qrat.  ppft  redir,  in  fenat. 

(9)  Oriitt  pro  Cn.  PUncio,  Ct  ^6* 

Q^  J  que 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


246  CICEkO  ILLtrstRATUS. 

que  in  prctio  fuit,  rcvoccs  tantum  In  memo- 
riam,  injuftae  cxpulfionis  triftitiam  velocis  lae- 
titia  reditus  oppido  ftipcratam.  Neglefta  poena 
(lo)  rccipicntibus,  omnes  ubique  honorificcn- 
tiffimc  ilium  cxcepcrunt,  ac  in  extcris  provin- 
ciis  infolitis  profequuti  funt  honoribus.  Illis, 
qui  quocunque  modo  ei  fubvcniflent,  gratiae 
a  Scnatu  adae,  quod  ipfe  meminit  pro  T)omo 
fua :  ut  &  decreta  ibidem  ampliffima  recenfet 
de  ipfius  reditu,  non  paganorum  folummodo, 
montanorum,  6c  collegiorum'  urbanorum,  fed 
civitatum  etiam,  nationum,  provinciarum,  re- 
gum,  ac  orbis  denique  terrarum.  Lcgati  in 
ipfo  reditu  non  folum  ab  omnibus  Italiae  ur- 
bibus,  coloniis,  praefeduris,  &  municipiis  gra- 
tulabundi  occurrunt  (ut  videre  eft  in  Oratio- 
mhyjspro  T.  Sextio  Sicin  L.Tifonem)  fed  ab 
lis  infuper  qui  hofcc  miferunt,  cum  conjugi- 
bus  &  liberis,.  cum  fcrvis  item  &  colonis,  age- 
bantur  dies  fcfti,  viae  publicae  arftabantur. 
Obviam  ei  extra  urbem  Scnatus  &  Populus 
cgreflus  (qualis  nulli  unquam  contigit  hones) 
quafi  (I  i)  R&may  fedibus  fuis  convulfay  adfu- 
um  confervatorem  compleBendum  proce£iffet. 
Splendidiffime  fie  a  bonis  omnibus  inCapito- 
lium  dedudus  eft,  zc  humeris  (\JiX.  ipfe(i2)ali- 
cubi  dixit,  &  ut  Rhetor  ei  fub  Saluftii  nomine 
cbjicit)  Italiae  report atus:  undc  non  fine  ra- 

(lo)  Drat,  prodomo  fua  api^d  Pontifi .  ^v^o.  IcemPIU" 

tarch.  in  Cicerone. 
(ii)  Orat.  in  Lucium  Pifonem,  c»  22,  _ 

(12;  In  extrema  Ora^ione  pbft  r^dit.  in'ftuatu.    Invcfl. 

Saluft.  c.  4. 

tione 


Digitized 


by  Google 


CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS.  247 

tionc  (13)  unum  ilium  diem  immortalitati  ae- 
quiparandum  ccnfcbat. 

X.  U  T  totum  itaquc  Ciceroncm  in  hoc 
confpedu  cxhibeam,  quo  jam  non  nifi  dimidia- 
tum  &  minufculum  effinxi,  novam  ejus  opcrum 
de  integro  molior  cditionem :  coque  etiam 
animo,  ut  eadem  commodiora  prorfus  &  uti- 
lipra  iis,  in  quorum  gratiam  confcripta  funt, 
officiofus  reddam  5  Principibus  fcilicet  viris  & 
Nobilibus,  Philofopiiis  etiam,  Politicis,  Judi- 
cibus,  &  omnibus  quibufcunque  Magiftratibus. 
Quum  aliis  hi  fint  magna  ex  parte  diftridi  oc- 
cupationibus,  plurimi  equidcm  intereft,  ut  hunc 
pracceptorem  fuum  inofFenfo  pede,  &  non  fuf^ 
penfis  quafi  veftigiis,  percurrant.  Sine  me- 
diocri  faltem  litcrarum  ufu,  neque  diuturnum 
quidquam,neque  ftabile,in  aliis  rebus  invenient. 
Hoc  folum  permanet,  ac  in  omni  vitae  parte 
jucunde  infervit :  nsm  ceterae  (inquitTul-, 
lius(i4)  nofter)  neque  t emper urn  funt y  neque' 
aetatum  omnium^  neque  locomm  i  haecjtudia 
adolefcentiam  agunty  fene£iutem  obleSfantyfe- 
cundas  res  ornant^  adverfis perfugium  acfoU- 
tium  praebenty  deleBant  domiy  nonimpediunt 
fgrisy  permit  ant  nobifcumy  peregrinantWy  ruf 
ticantUT.  Hujus  pulcherrimae  defcriptionis  ve- 
ritatf  pi  nemo  ufquam  te  ipfo  (  Vir  Dodiffime  ) 
frequentius  cxpertus  eft.  Dopii,  fpfis,  incaf- 
tris,  in  itincribus,  feu  mari  feu  terra  verfaris^, 

(15)  Drat,  ini  L.  Pifotj.  c.  22.  &  alibi. 

r  14)  Orat.  pro  Arabia  pocta,  07*  \ 

0^4  libri 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


z^S  CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS; 

libri  fcmpcr  comltes,  libri  feijipcr  ad  manum* 
Qualifnam  tandem  fiitura  eft  Iclc^iflima  Ul^ 
Bibliotheca  ?  Sed  tandem  aliquando  modum 
ilium  &  confilium,  quod  in  hac  nov?  cditionc 
fequcndum  conf^ituo,  tibi  me  ^xponerc  par  eft: 
hauddubius,  quin,  tarn  in  crratis  benigne  con- 
donandis,  quam  in  iifdem  fevere  corrigcndis^ 
fis  acque  futurus  religiofus-  Operis  veto  Con- 
ditiones  vel  Articuli  (ut  loquuntur)  flc  feh% 
bent. 

^.  Art.  I.  C  H  A  R  T  A  M  non  folum- 
modo  mcliorem,  &  literas  quam  in  ulla  ha<9:e- 
nus  cditione  vcnuftiore^,  fed  quas  aut  invcniri 
aut  ctiam  cffingi  poterunt  optimas,  nomine 
poUiccor  Bibiiopolac,  qui  haec  prae(larc  obftrk 
dus  eft ;  ac,  ui  bona  fide  cxfolvat  promilTa,  ego 
certe  curabo.  Ncque  cultus  aut  ornatus  negli- 
getur :  nitorem  cnim  &  elegantiam  in  hac  Edi- 
tione,  non  minqs  quam  omnimodam  ali^ 
bonitatem  proponens,  quatuorfigurae  vel  ima- 
gines leniori  ex  aerc  caelatura,  ab  artificiofsj 
manu  profedac,  quatuor  partibus,  in  quas  Ci- 
ceronis  opera  diftribuuntur,  adaptandac  f\xnt  5 
Rhetoricae  nimifum,  Oratoriac,  Epiftolari,  ^ 
Philofophicac.  Numorum  itidera,  geramarum, 
Japidura,  Ciceron^m  quoquomodo  referetjti- 
um,  in  primq  volumine  inferentur  eftypa,  a4 
{nmTmrn  fidem  cxpfefla.  Sed  prae  omnibus 
prrabit  librqm  noftrum  icuncula  Ciccronis 
aerea,  ex  Kempiano  Cimelio  ad  juftam  magni- 
tudincm  repraefentanda.  Nihil  autemMufeo 
hoc  Joannis  Kempii,  vii-i  candidiflimi^  feledi- 

us 


Digitized 


by  Google 


CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS.    ^o 

tts  aut  eicf  antius ;  cum  iimulacris,  infcriptio- 
nibus,  numifmatibus,  &  ojnni  gcncrc  rario- 
pim  veterum  relliquiarum,  fiAmnK>  adliibitq 
coUigcndi  judicio,  fit  rcfcrtiun.  Editionis  vcr 
ro  haec  conditio  tarn  facile  inteiiigitur,  ut; 
pluribus  hie  uti  verbis  ncquaquam  fit  necc^. 

XII.  Art,  1.  T  E  X  T  U  M  (uti  vocant)  om^ 
nium  ha£tcnus  fore  cmcndatiffimumj  tarn  vcr- 
borum  quam  interpunftionis  refpcftu  habito, 
haud  gravatim  in  me  fulpicio,  Accurata  haec 
intcrpungendi  ratio,  tam  proficua  tamque  nc- 
celTaria,   in   cundis    defidcratur  editioniixisi 
adeo  ut  hoc  ipfum,  fi  nihil  aliud  praeftandum 
cffct,   novam  poftularc  vidcatur.     Quantum 
folus  hie  dcfcftus  aui^orem  reddidcrit  diifici- 
1cm,  ac  Icdoris  voluptatem  minuerit,  non  cu- 
jufvis  jnodo  expcricntia,  fed  quotidianac  pa- 
ritcr  undequaque  qucrimoniae,  fatis  manifc- 
ftum  faciunt.     Idoneum  ergo  huic  vulneri  re- 
medium  ferre,  rem  cfle  immenfi  laboris  &  in- 
^uftriae  nullus  non  fatebitur :  ifta  tamcn  penfi 
ncrflri  portio  jampridem  abfoluta  eft,  cum  ego 
manu  propria  totum  Ciceroncm,  praelo  quan- 
do  lubuerit  fubjiciendum^  ante  aliquot  annos 
inteiTpunxerim.     Solcrtiam  meam  in  liis  mi- 
nutiis  &  paticntiam  laudari,  non  acumen  aut 
ingcnium  fufpici,  cupio,     I>e  Uteris  procul- 
dubio  non  male  mcritus  eft  Frobus  ille  Valc- 
f ius  apud  (15)  Suctonium,  qui  multa  exempla- 
ria  contrast  a  emendare  a^  diftinguerey  &  ad- 

C 1 5)  De  illttfi.  Gmminiitici*. 

notari 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


zso   CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS. 

notari  curavit :  foli  huiCy  nee  ulli  praeterea 
Grammatices  parti^  deditus.  Scd  unum  aut 
altcrum  intcrpungcndi  exhiberc  fpccimen  non 
crit  a  fcopo  noftro  alicnum.  Locus  hie,  ex 
( 1 6  )  tcrtio  de  natura  T)eorumy  ftc  in  Gronovia- 
na  diftinguiturcditione,  omnium  nempe  reecn- 
tiflima.  §luod  fi  talesT)n  funty  ut  rebus  hu- 
mants  interfint :  Nat  to  quoque  ^ea  pufanda 
eft :  fuiy  cum  fana  circuimus  in  agro  Arde- 
atiy  rem  divinam  facer e  folemus.  qu£  quia 
partus  viatronarum  tueatur^  a  Najcentibus 
Natio  nominata  eft.  Ea  ft  dea  eft  ;  dii 
emnes  illi  qui  commemorabantur  a  te,  HonoSy 
Fidesy  MenSy  Concordia.  Ergo  etiam  SpeSy 
Monetay  omniaaue  qua  cogitations  nobifmet 
ipfis  pojfumus  pngere.  quod  ft  verifimife  non 
eft :  ne  illud  quidem  efty  haec  unde  fluxerunt. 
Ego  verb  fie  diftinguere  malim,  quod  aliorura 
cenfurae  fubjicio.  ^odft  tales  T)iifunty  ut 
rebus  humanis  interfint y  Natio  quoque  ^ea 
putanda  eft :  cut,  ctim  fana  circuimus  in  agro 
Ardeatiy  rem  divinam  facer e  folemus  5  quacy^ 
quia  partus  matronarum  tueatWy  a  nafcenti-^ 
bus  Natio  nominata  eft.  Ea  fi  Dea  eft  5 
2)//  omnes  illiy  qui  commemorabantur  a  tCy 
HonoSy  Fides y  MenSy  Concordia:  ergo  etiam 
SpeSy  Monetay  omniaque  quae  cogitatione  no- 
bifmet ipfis  pojfumus  finger e  s  quod  fi  ver/fi- 
mile  non  efty  ne  illud  quidem  haec  unde  flux-^ 
erunt.  In  orationc  pro  Lucio  Cornelio  Balbo 
fcquenti  modo  loeus,  ex  capite  2410  deprom^, 
tus  interpungitur.      Sacra  CereriSy  Judices^ 

(lO  dp.  18. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICIERO    ILLUSTRATUS,     251 

fumma  Major es  nofiri  religione  confici^  c/ere-^ 
moniaque  ^voluerunt :  qu£  cum  effent  ajfump- 
ta  de  GraciUy  &  per  Gracas  jemper  cur  at  a 
funt  facer doteSy  &  Graca  omnia  nominata  : 
fed  cum  illamy  qude  Gr£cum  illud  facrum 
monfrarety  &  facer ety  ex  Gracia  deligerent : 
tamen  facra  pro  civibus  civem  facere  njolue-. 
runty  ut  ^eos  immortales  fcientia  peregrinUy 
^  externa  5  mente  domefticay  &  civ  tit  pre- 
caretur.  Ego  fie,  &  rcfte,  ni  fallor,  inter- 
pungo.  Sacra  Cereris  {Judices)  ftimma  ma- 
jores  noftri  religione  confici  caeremoniaque  vo- 
luerunt  5  quacy  cum  ejfent  ajfumta  de  draeciay 
^  per  Grace  as  femper  cur  at  a  funt  SacerdoteSy 
d^  Graeca  omnia  nominata :  fed  cttm  illamy 
quae  Graecum  illud  facrum  monfiraret  & 
jacerety  ex  Graecia  deligerent y  tamen  fa- 
cra pro  civibus  civem  facere  voluerunt  s 
ut  T^eos  immortales  fcientia  peregrina  ^ 
externay  mente  domejtica  &  civiliy  preca- 
retur.  Quod  locos  hofce  non  dcdita  opera, 
felegerim'  cuicunque  librtim,  ubi  volet,  infpi- 
cienti  patebit  5  nee  unquam  fere  alitcr  fe  res 
habet.  •  Non  loci  foluni  &  verfus  ex  aliis 
fcriptoribus,  a  Cicerone  allegatis  diverfo  Cha- 
raftcrc  imprimeiitur  (ut  a  quibufdam  jam  rede 
fafttim  eft)  fed  talia  quacdani  hadenus  non 
animadverfa,  nee  ideo  ab  ipfius  propriis  ver- 
bis fatis  diftinda,  a  nobis  ad  aliorum  norraam 
excudentur.  Commata  (five  Caefa  Latinius 
Vcl  Incifa  mavis)  tarn  multa  aliquando  occur- 
runt,  ut  non  diftinguant  &  articulent,  fed  in- 
(errumpant  &  perturbent.  Colon,  five  me- 
•   •        >     '       ^  ^  '      dia 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


252  CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS, 

dia  diftindioy  a  fcmicola  rarius  difcrlminatur  i 
priori  fiquidcm  crcbrius  utuntur  cditorcs,  quia^ 
in  codicibus  infimac  actatis  manufcriptis,  om- 
nium fcrc  aliarum  interpunftionum  locum  cbr 
tincbat.  Punfta,  feu  abfoljLitac  Pcriodi,  fac- 
piffimc  fine  uUo  judicio  interieruntur,  nee  fe? 
quentis  periodi  prima  litera  femper  (uti  de- 
buit)  majufcula  eh  :  quae  onmia  ledorem  ha- 
bent  mirific^  pcrplcxum,  maxima  audorem 
injuria  aiEciunt,  &  ipfius  paginac  fpeciem  dc- 
formant.  Loci  tamen  quos  fupcrius  adduxi, 
ad  alios  comparati,  emendatimmi  funt,  ut 
cuivis  ad  apcrturam  libri  apparebit.  Cum 
quacunque  etiam  volueris  cditione  conferan- 
tur  illi  loci,  quos,  ubi  ufus  venit,  in  fequenr 
tibus  allcgaturus  fum.  Membra  haec  &  par- 
ticuke  orationis  multoties  a  Cicerone  noftro, 
fummo  fcribendi  artifice,  commcmorantur ; 
iifque  duplicem  attribuit  caufam,  fermonis 
nempc  diftindionem,  &  rcfpirationem  ledo- 
ris.  Illo  autem  tempore  incifionibus,  dudi- 
bus,  pundis,  aliifque  hu|us  generis  notis  fig-, 
nabantur  iftiufmodi  claufuiae  5  quamvis  fe- 
quentibus  feculis  tota  liaec  fcribendi  ratio  a 
feftinantibus  Librariis,  nulla  diftindionc  ne- 
dum  vocum  diftantia  fervata,  in  pejus  omnino 
immutata  eft.  Claufulas  (inquit  Cicero  in 
tertio  de  Oratore)  atqu^  interfunBa  verbo- 
runty  animae  interclujio  atque  angujiiae  Jpir 
titus  attulerunt.  Verfus  enim  (fie  paulo  fu- 
pcrius loquitur)  veteres  illi  in  hac  foluta  era- 
tione  profemodumy  hoc  eft  numeras  quofdam^, 
nobis  effe  adhibendos  putaverunj; :  {nter/pira- 

tionis^ 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS.    25J 

ti^mh  enim  mn  defatigathnis  noftrae^  neque 
Ubrariorum  notiSy  fed  ^erborum  &  fenten- 
tiarumj  modb  interpunSias  claufulas  in  ora- 
tionibus  effe  voluenmt.  Non  ergo  intcrpunc- 
tione  tantum^  fed  &  re  ipfa,  diftingui  debe- 
bant  partes  orationis:  neque  femper  utendum 
eft  perpetuitatey  &  quafi  converfione  verbe- 
rums  fid  faepe  carpenda  membris  minutiari- 
bus  or  at  to  efiy  quae  tamen  ipfa  membra  funt 
numeris  *vincienda:  ne  (quod  in  Or  at  ore  di- 
cit)  infmte  feratWy  ut  fiumeny  oratio  5  quae 
non  aut  fpirttuprommciantisy  aut  inter au£tu 
librariiy  fed  numerocoaBa  debet  infiftere.  Et 
quidem  fruftra  funt  cum  omni  notarum  ap- 
paratu,  qui  ftrudura  &  fcntentia  non  fua  fcrip- 
ta  diftinguant. 

XHL  Art.  3.  POST  T>edicationem  (dc 
qua  in  hac  Ichnographia  non  opus  eft  ut  am- 
plius  loquar)  fequetur  Vita  CiceroniSy  per 
Confulatus  interfeda,  ac  a  Francifco  Fabricio 
Marcodurano  confcripta.  Ejufdem  vitae  ratio- 
nes  ab  aliis  pariter  editas  multis  nominibus 
poft  fc  reliquit  Fabricius,  vir  fumma  diligcn- 
tia^  judicio,  &  candore  praeditus :  nee  ob  ea 
quae  ipfum  cfFugerunt  tam  eft  culpandus, 
quam  laudandus  propter  ea  quae  folertifCme 
omnium  coilegit.  Inter  plura  quae  praeter- 
miferat^  annumeranda  ratio  ilia  eft^  quam  in 
Ciceronis  elogio  fupra  retulunusi  qua  ipfius 
nempe  in  exilium  profedio  a  nimia  lenitate 
&  timiditate  vindicatur.  Ut  a^iud  adhuc  ex- 
cmplum  praebeam^  nuUam  adhibuit  defenfio- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


25+    CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS. 

nem  contra  illos,  qui  levitatis  cum  Sc  incbri* 
ftantiae  infimularunt  5  quia  cum  iis  nimirum,  a 
quibus  antea  foicbat  diffcntire,  in  gratiam  noh 
fcmei  rcdicrat.     Non  illc  tamcn,   fed  ejus  fr 
miliarcs   de   fententia  decedcbant,    nee  ulliis 
fapicns   fccus   unquam  fecerat:    ////  namquCy 
qui  isfdemj    quicquid  aganty  pertinacius  ftu- 
denty  non  judicium  aliqued  habent  de  Reipulh 
licae  utilitate  (ut  optime  (17)  animadvcrtit) 
fed  hominibus  amici  aut  inimicifunt.    Iplum 
ulteriiis  loquentem  audias,  &,  fi  potes,  rcprc- 
hcndas.  (18)  Stare  enim  omnes  debemus  tan- 
quam  in  or  be  aliquo  Reipublicae  ^   qui,   quo- 
niam  verfetury  eamdeligere  partemy  ad  quam 
nos  illius  utilitas  falufque  converter  it.  Regu- 
1am  hanc  cgregia  illuftrat  fimilitudine.  (19)  An 
cum    videam   navem  fecundis  ventisy    cur- 
fumfuum  tenentemy  fi  non  ea  eum  pet  at  for- 
tumy  quern  ego  aliquando  probaviy  fed  alium 
non  minus  tutum  atque  tranquillumy  cum  tern- 
pefiate  pugnem  penculose  potiuSy  quam  ilHy 
falute  praefertim  propofitay  obtemperem  ^pa-^ 
ream?  neque  enim  ivconftantis puto  fentei^ 
tiamy  tanquam  aliquod  navigium  atque  cur- 
fumy  ex  reipublicae  tempeftate  moderari.  Ego 
verb  haec  didiciy  haecvidiy  haec  fcripta  legii 
haec  de  fapientijfimis  &  clarijfimis  vhisy  & 
in  hac  republica  &  in  aliis  civitatibuSy  monu- 
ment a  nobis  literae  prodiderunt :   non  femper 
eafdem  fententias  ah  iifdemy  fed  quafcunque 

(17)  Omt.  pro  Cn.  Plancio,  c.  59» 

( 1 8)  Ibid.  c.  38. 
(ly)  Ibid,  c.  J5>. 

Rei^ 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  t 


CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS.     255 

Reipublicae  flatus  ^  incUnatio  temporum^  ratio 
concordiae  poftularety  ejfe  defendendaSy  quod 
ego  &  facto  {Later enfis)  &  femper  faciam  ^ 
itbertatemquey  quam  inme  requiriSy  quamego 
neque  dimifi  unquam  neque  dimittamy  non  in 
pertinaciay  fed  in  quadam  moderatione  pofltam 
putabo.  Talia  bene  multa  Ciceronis  hiftoriac 
pcrncceffaria,  nee  minoris  momenti  ad  vul- 
garia  de  vitae  ratione  elucnda  pracjudicia,  in 
Annalibus  a  Fabricio  omittuntur- 

XIV.  Art.  4.  Ut  huic  ergo  audori  fuc- 
centuriatus  veniam,  tradatui  ipfius,  pro  meo 
jure,  CriticO'HiJioricam  T^iffertationem  fub- 
nedam.  Multa  pcrf(pquetur  fpecialia  capita 
ab  aliis  fcriptoribus,  qui  totam  Ciceronis  vi- 
tam,  aut  aliquam  faltem  fcripferunt  partem, 
obfervata,  ut  &  praetermifla.  Tales  funt 
Plutarchus,  Leonardus  Aretinus,  Conftantius 
Felix,  Henricus  Bullingerus,  Petrus  Ramus, 
Sebaftianus  Corradus,  &  aiiiplurimi.  Difcep- 
tationes  pariter  erudiiorum  &  difquifitiones, 
five  laudem  Ciceronis  five  vituperium  exhi- 
bcntes,  in  Differtatione  noftra  pari  fidelitate 
&  brcvitate  exponentur  $  ut  &  omnia  quae 
fortem  ipfius  aut  timidum  animum,  aequita- 
fem,  dodrinam,  partium  ftudium,  ftilum,  a- 
mores  (fi  Diis  placet)  vel  fimilia  fpedant.  Duo 
jam  a  Fabricio  omiffa  notavi,  quibus  tertium 
nunc  adjicicndum.  Nullum  fere  hominem  aut 
librum  confules,  qui  Ciceronem  non  nimium 
fane  &  valde  frcquentem  in  propriis  laudibus 
crimincntur.    Statim  diduri  funt  Lucium  Luc- 

ceium. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC  ■ 


155    ClCERd   ILLUSTi^ATUS. 

ccium,  ut  Ccmfuiatus  fui  hiftoriam  (a  fcipfd 
Latinis  vcrflbus  &  profa  Gracca  cditam)  folu^ 
ta  orationc  pcrfcribcrct,  maximc  (20)  foUiciu- 
tum  *y  candcmquc  gratiam^  cum  a  (2 1)  Graeculo 
quodam,  ut  cundetn  Confulatum  Graecisfd- 
licet  vcrfibus  cdcrct,  cxpctiiffe:  itno  trium- 
phum  fc  rcportaturos  nou  dcfperant^  quandd 
ab  amico  fuo  Marco  Bruto  culpatum  (22)  often-* 
dunt,  quod  Nonas  Dccembris  fcmper  in  ore 
haberet :  tempus  videlicet  illud  quo  Catilinae 
conjurationem  cvertcrat.  Scd,  ut  innumeris 
non  immorer  exemplis  quibus  fc  defendere 
poflct,  immenfa  ilia  laudum  cupido,  itncqoa 
nihil  unquam  aut  bonum  aut  magnuni  fuicep- 
turn,  fatis  excufatum  habet  $  nullam  enim  vir- 
tus (inquit  ipfe)  (ii)aliam  mercedem  tabomni 
ferictilorumque  defiderat^  praeter  hone  laadis 
&  gloriae  t  qui  quidem  detra£iaj  quid  eft  quod 
in  looc  tarn  exiguo  vitae  curriculo  &  tarn  bre* 
w,  tantis  nos  in  labor ibus  exerceamus  ?  Non 
folum  tamen  nominis  perpctuandi  delidcrium 
(quamvis  $c  id  quoque  prac  oculis  fempcr  ha- 
buiflc  (24)  gcnerose  fatetur)  cum,  ut  tam  (acpcf 
dc  fe  loqueretur,  impellcrat.  In  multis  aliis 
orationibus,  acque  ac  in  illis  pro  T^omo  Jiu^ 
pro  y.  SextiOy  &  in  L.  Tifonemy  de  rebus 
fuis,  non  minus  quam  coram  quos  vel  defen- 
deret  vel  accufaret,  agebatur.  Inimicorum 
praeterca  mendacia  &  calumnias  nunquam  non 

(2<>)  Epift.  fam.  1.  5.  ep.  I2« 

(21)  Pro  Archia,  c.  il. 

fa2)  Epift.  fam.  l.i.  ep.  9.  ibid  ep.  16.  &  ep.i.  Li.  ad  Att. 

(23)  Drat,  pro  Archia  Pocta,  c.  11.  &  alibi. 

(14)  I^icU  c.  6.  8(  infinicis  «liis  locis. 

rcfcllcrc 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO.  ILLUSTRATUS.  257 

rcfcllcrc  ac  dilucre  neccffario  adigebatur,  ut 
pluribus  confirmare  cxcmplis  in  procUvi  foret: 
fed  illud  quod  inimiciflimo  Clodio,  idem  iioc 
objicicnti,  refpondit,  ad  reliquis  omnibus  os 
obturandum  fufficit.  Et  quoniamhoc  repre^ 
bendis  (24)  (inquit)  quod  folere  me  dicas  de  me 
ipfo  gloriojtus  praedicare  i  quis  unquam  audi- 
"vit  cum  ego  de  me^  nifi  coa£tus  &  neceffario^ 
dicer  em.  Namji^  cum  mihi  furtay  largiti- 
onesy  libidinesy  objiciuntuty  ego  refpondere 
foleOy  meis  conjiliisy  periculisy  TaboribuSy  pa^ 
triam  ejfe  confervatam ;  non  tam  fum  exijii- 
mandus  de  gejiis  rebus  gloriaru  quam  de  ob^ 
jeifis  non  confiteri.  Sed  fi  mihiy  ante  haec 
duriffima  Reipublicae  tempora^  nihil  unquam 
aliud  objeStum  ejiy  nifi  crudelitas  illius  temp€- 
riSy  ciim  a  patria  perniciem  depulih  quid? 
me  huic  maledidto  utrum  non  refponderey  an 
demifse  refpondere  decuit  ?  Ego  verOy  etiam 
Reipublicae  femper  inter effe  putaviy  me  illius 
pulcherrimi  fa£ii  ( quod  ex  auBoritate  fenatus^ 
confenfu  bonorum  omniumy  pro  falute  patriae 
i^^jfijl^^)  Jplendorem  verbisy  dignitatemque 
retinere :  praefertim  cum  mihi  uni  in  hac 
Republicay  audiente  populo  RomanOy  opera 
mea  hanc  urbem  &  banc  Rempublicam  effe 
falvamy  jurato  dicere  fas  fuijfet.  Integrum 
hunc  delcripli  locum,  ut  una  cademque  opera 
vulgaris  hujus  accufationis  appareat  Icvitas,  ut- 
quc  omiffiones  quas  Fabricio  imputavi,  non 

(25)  Oriit.  pro  Dpmo  fuaad  Pontif.  c.  35^  3d.  Goofuktar 
ctiam  cap.  I2.  orationu  pro  L.  Sulla. 

VoL.L  R  fie 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


258  CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS. 

dc  nihilo  vidcantur.  Plurimas  hujus  generis 
animadvcrfioncs  continebit  Diflertatio  noftraj 
fed,  locis  quam  brcvifllmi  indicatis,  neque 
crafla  nimis  erit  nequc  praelonga. 

XV.  Art,  5-    TUNC  infequetur  TextuSy 
CO,  quo  dixi,  more  caftigatus  5   ac  propter  ci- 
tationum  facilitatem,  in  capita,  majufculisno- 
tis  arithmeticis  infignita,   diftindus.     Scd  alii 
paragraphi,  abfque  uUo  judicio  fadi,   penitus 
ablcgantur.     Ut  in  quibufdam  editionibus  ufu 
vcnit,  fic  in  noftra  quoque  pracfigcntur  Libri 
quatuor  Rhetoricorum  ad  Herenniumh  feu  a 
Cornificio  vci  patre  vef  filio  confcripti,  feu  a 
Marco  Gallione,  aiit  quocunque  alio,  quod  in 
arf,umento,  priori  libro  praeponendo,  exami- 
nabitur.     Auftorem,  non  doftrina  neque  elo- 
quentia  deftitutum,  Ciceronis  tempore,  autnon 
multo  faltem  poft  vixifle,   fatis  conftat.     Sed 
quando  earundcm  cum  eo  rerum&nominum 
definitiones  tradit  (quod  perfaepe  fit)  difpari- 
tas  adco  palpabilis  {dt  prodit,  ut  de  contrariis 
ctiam  fententiis  nihil  dicam,  quod  mirer  mc- 
dius  fidius  Sandum  Hieronymum  olim  &  Prif- 
cianum,   vel  nuperius  Marinellum  &  Kirch- 
maierum  libros  hos  Ciceroni  attribuifle.    Hu- 
jus poftremo  didi  indubitatis  operibus  &  frag- 
mentis  InveBivam  contra  ilium,  Crifpo  Sal- 
Juftio  adfcriptam,  &  Refponjtonem  non  minus 
ridicule  fibi  ipfi  imputatam,  fubtcxam :  haec 
cnim  fymbolam  qualemcunque  ad  ejus  Hifto- 
riam  conferunt,  nihilque  uUo  ledorum  generi 
in  noftr4  cdirione  dcfiderandum  rcllnquunt.' 

Prop- 
Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


ClCfeRO    ILLUSTRATUS.  259 

Propter  eafdem  rationes  Orationem  ad  Topu- 
lum  &  Equites  antequam  tret  in  exiliumy  & 
^eclatnationem ,  vel  potius  Epiftolam  ad 
OBavium  additurus  fum  :  cum  in  nianufcrip- 
tis  cnim  cod  icibus  locum  invenerint,  cur  idem 
in  impreflis  privilegium  non  obtineant,  hand 
perfpicio.  Reliquis  etiam  Confolationem  ad- 
jungcrc  vifum,  hon  ideo  duntaxat  quod  a  qui- 
bufdam  ctiamnum  genuina  credatur ;  izdi  quia, 
ut  eruditiflimus  fimul  &  rcvcrendiilimus  Jo- 
annes Albertus  Fabricius  (x6)  advcrtit,  clc- 
ganter  fcripta  &  leftu  digna  eft.  Alia  quae- 
dam  fcripta,  ut  manifcfto  fpuria  &  barbara, 
praetermitto ;  qualia  funt  Oratio  pro  Marco 
Thaler  to  y  liber  de  Jynonymis  ad  L.  Viifuriumy 
Orpheus  five  de  adolefcente  fiudiofoy  &  Ti- 
Tonis  notaeTachygraphicae.  Quod  ad  Cice- 
ronis  de  Memoria  artificiali  libellunty  Jacobo 
Leftio  &  aliis  memoratum,  attinet,  fabricatus 
eft  a  nefcio  quo,  qui  fraudis  occafioncm  ex 
decimo  fexto  capite  libri  tertii  Rhetoricorum 
ad  Herenniuniy  Ciceroni  /also  (ut  diximus) 
adfcripti  captavit.  Locus  fie  fe  habet.  Me- 
moria utriitn  habeat  quidquam  artificiofi,  an 
omnis  a  natura  frojicifcatury  aliud  dicendi 
tempus  magis  idoneum  dabitur.  Nunc  per- 
inde  atque  conftet  in  hac  re  multum  valere 
art  em  o*  praeceptionenty  it  a  de  ea  te  loque-- 
tnur :  placet  enim  nobis  ejfe  artificium  memo- 
riacy  quare  placeat  alias  oftendemus.  Trada- 
tus  ipfe  nihil  aliud  eft  quam  reliqui  hujus  ter- 

{iS)  Bibliot,  Latin,  in  Cicerone. 

w*^        .  Digitized  by  VjOCWtC 


266  CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS. 

tii  libri  ad  finem  ufquc  intcrpolatio.  Ars  vero 
Memoriae  Ciceroni  probata,  &  fub  Antonii  pcr- 
fona  tradita,  kgi  poteft  in  capitibus  86,  87, 
88,  libri  fccundi  ale  Or  at  ore.  Ad  omnium 
dcnique  complementum,  Orationem  Graecam 
de  pacey  cum  cjufdem  Latina  verfionc,  exDi- 
onc  (27)  Caflio  inferendam  putavi.  Latina 
ilia,  quae  pro  ipriusTulUi  foetu,  aCaroloMc- 
rovillio  in  editione  Orationum  in  ufum  T^eU 
phini  obtruditur,  pudendis  ubique  fcatet  Galli- 
cifmis,  neque  probioris  eft  monetae,  quamPe- 
tronii  Fragmenta  Nodotiana.  Ut,  quod  ad 
Textum  pertinet,  nihil  amplius  in  praefens 
difleram,  Epiftolis  fubjicietur  Index  Chronolo- 
gicuSy  ea  ferie  qua  fcriptae  funt,  illas  accurate 
digerens,  quod,  ad  iftorum  temporum  hiftori- 
am  enucleandam,  non  parum  adfert  moriienti : 
nam  qui  rerum  geftarum  ordinem  non  prac 
oculis  habent,  ii  plane  in  rebus  ipfis  caecu- 
tiunt. 

XVI.  Art.  6.  CUNCTIS  libris,  Oratio- 
nibus,  Dialogis,  *&  Epiftolis  fuccinda  praefi- 
gentur,  fed  accurata,  \  Argument  ay  five  Prac- 
fationes  5  abfque  his  enim  omnia^  intelleftu 
difficiilima  reperientur,  neque  cum  uUo  fruflu 
perlegenda.  Hoc  linguarum  intermortuarum 
fatum  eft:  Quando  aliorum  argumenta  fatis 
nobis  arridebunt,  lubentcr  illis,  fub  proprio- 
rum  audoxum  nominibus,  ufuri  fumus.  Quan- 
do vel   nimis   longa  funt;,   vel  nimis  preffa, 

(a;)  Lib.  44. 

maxi- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS.  261 

majfime  autem  cum  talia  nulla  exiftiint,  novis 
tunc  cudendis  elaborabimus.     ^hilofophicos 
omnes  &  Rhetoricos  quofdam  Libros  ipfe  ar- 
gumentis  ab  intcgro  donabo  :  fiquidem  abfquc 
hoc,  genuina  Ciceronis  de  rebus  fententia  baud- 
quaquam  dignofci  queat  5   quoniam  non  fem- 
per  quid  vere  pogitarit,  fed  quid  caufa,  tempus, 
locus,  &  auditpres  poftularant,  dicere  conftie- 
vcrit.     Hoc  ipfc  certe,  in  Oratione  fupra  mc- 
morata/>r(?  A.  CluentiOy  aperte  (28)  fatetur  : 
quando  etenim  ab  Attio  objeftum,  alia  cum 
occafione  plane  contrarium  propugnafle,  diferte 
iic  refpondit.     Ilia  oratio  potius  temporis  mei^ 
quamjudiciiy  &  auStoritatis^  fuit  -,  cumenim 
accufarem  &mihi  initio  propofuijfemy  utani- 
mos  &  populi  Romani  &  judicum  cpmmove' 
rem :  cumque  omnes  offenjtones  judiciorumy  non 
ex  mea  opinione^  fia  ex  hominum  rumoreypro- 
f err  em  I  ijtam  rem,   quae  tarn  popular  iter  eft 
agitatay  praeterirenon  potui.    Sed  err  at  ve^ 
hementer  Jiquis  in  Orationibus  mftrisy  quas 
injudiciis  habuimusy  auBoritates  noftras  con-^ 
Jignatas  fe  habere  arbitratur :  omnes   enim 
illae  Orationes  caufarum  &  temporum  funty 
non  hominum  ip forum  ac  patronorum.    Si  huic 
loco  aliifquc  limilibus,   advertiflcnt  Ledores, 
non  Ciceronem  tarn  facpe  infulfiffime  citatum 
dcprchendcremus,  nequc  quamplurima  illi,  ab 
lis  quae  fecerit  &  fenferit  alienillima,  tarn  in- 
digne  fuiflent  attributa.  Tale  quid  ab  Afconio 
Pcdiano,   in  fcholiis  ad  primam  pro  Cornelio 

rx8)  Orat.  pro  A.  Cluentio^  c.  50. 

^  R  J  adno- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


261  CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS. 

adnotatur.      Scd  cxa£kiffime  hoc  in  Dialogis 
animadvcrt^ndum  eft,   quoniam  ad  ca,   quae 
ex  diametro  cum  veris  ipfius  fcntcntiis  pug- 
nant,   eonfirmanda,   vulgo   allcganturj   quajR 
fufficcrct,    nulla  loqucntis  ratione  habita,    ut 
hoc  vel  illud  in  Cicerone  ofFcndatur.     Non- 
ne  animi  fui    fenfum,   in  libri$  de  Oratoref 
cum  ex  ore  Marci  Craffi  tradere  perfpicuum 
eft?    Quando  fibi  pro  fe  de  Harufpkum  re- 
Jponfis  in  fenatu  perorandum  erat,  Divinatio- 
nibus  &  Pracfagiis  aliquid  tribucrc  videri  (29) 
voluit  5  idem  in  libris  de  LegibuSj  qui  populo 
deftinabantur,  (30)  obtendit:  fed  ea  omnia  in 
illis  de  T^ivinationey  pro  alio  hominum  gc- 
nere  (Philofophis  nimirum)  conlcriptis,  prae- 
fra£te  quidem  &  planiffime  evertit.     Nonnc 
ipfe  Cotta  illc  eft>  feu  Acadcmicus,   in  libris 
de  Natura  l^eorum  ?   Unde  idcirco  in  cita^ 
tionibus  inde  pro  ideis   innatis,   caufis  finali-^ 
bus,  confenfu  univerfali,  &  talibus  rebus,  de-. 
fumtis;  non  Cicero,  qui  haec  afpernatur,  ci- 
tari  debuit,  fed  VcUeius  Epicureus  apud  Ciccr 
ronem,   Balbus  Stoicus  apud  Ciceronem,    & 
He  de  aliis.     At  fiquis  (ut  multi  prac  fc  fe- 
runt)  addubitat  ilium  fub  Cottac  ibi  pcrfona 
loquutum,  quia  in  libri  tertii  conclufione,  ju- 
dicium hocce  tanquam  (31)  Auditor,  tuleratj 
haec  cum  ejfent  diBa  it  a  difcejfimiisy  ut  Vel- 
feio  Cottae  dijputatio  verier^  mihi  Balbi  ad 
^vetitatis  fimilitudinem  videretur  effe  fropeth 

(29)  Cap.  9.  legatur  etiam  pro  Domo  fua  ad  Pontif, 

(30)  Lib.  %,  c.  13. 
00  Cap.  40.  &ult. 


Digitized 


by  Google 


CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS.  2(Jj 

fior:  fi  aliquis  (inquam)  contentionis  quam 
veritatis  cupidior,  non  vidct  claululam  hanc 
idem  prorfus  effe,  ac  apud  recentiores  libram 
paradoxum  Catholicae,  ut  loquimur,  Ecclefiac 
judicio  fubmittercj  vel,  ut  Quintus  Cicero 
aliis  verbis  fratri  (32)  fubridens  ait,  ne  com- 
munia  jura  tnigrare  videatufy  is  advertat  ve- 
lim,  eum  in  libris  de  ^ivinatione  (qui,  ipfo 
(33)  pJuries  dicente,  lioroxn  de  Natura  T^eo- 
rum  funt  tantummodo  continuatio)  larvam 
fibi  aperte  detrahere,  ac  eadem  omnino  fuo 
ipfius  nomine  affirmare.  Sed,  ne  mentem  ejus 
non  caperent  tandem  Ledores,  fubverens,  fa- 
tis  fpeciatim  fubjedam  iilorum  Librorum  fen* 
tcntiam  in  fine  fecundi  de  T^ivinatione^  his 
verbis  (^34)  declarat.  Ut  vere  loquamutySu- 
perftitio  fufa  per  gentes  opprejjit  omnium  fere 
animoSy  atque  hominum  imbecillitatem  occu- 
pavit  h  quod  &  in  iis  Libris  diBum  efl^  qui 
funt  de  Natura  Dcorum,  ^  hac  Difputationa 
id  maxime  egimus  :  multum  enim  &  nobifmet- 
ipjis  &  noftris  profuturi  videbamury  Ji  earn 
funditus  fuftuUjfemus.  Kec  njero  {id  enim 
diligent er  intelligi  njolo^  fuperjiitone  tollenda 
ReTigio  tollitur:  nam  S"  majorum  injiituta 
tueriy  facris  caeremoniifque  retinendiSy  fapien- 
t  is  efts  &  effe  praeftantem  aliquam  aeternam- 
que  Naturamy  ^  earn  fufpiciendam  admiran- 
dam  que  hominum  generiy  pulchritudo  mtmdi  or^ 

(32)  De  diviniit.  1.  i.  c*  5. 

(33)  Confcratur  cap.  8. 1.  5.  de  Nat.  Deor.  cum  7,  1.  u 
de  divinat.  &  potiffimum  cum  cap.  i.  1.  2. 

(34)  Ibid,  c,  72, 

R  4  daque 

"  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


2<J4   CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS. 

doque  rerum  coelefiium  cogit  confiteri.  ^uam- 
obrenij  ut  Religio  propaganda  etiam^  quae  eft 
junita  cum  cognitione  naturae  \  fie  fuperfiitio- 
nis  ftirpes  omnes  ejiciendae.  Eadem  rcgula  in 
Tufculanis  ^ifputationibuSj  &  aliis  omnibus 
dialogis  pcrlegcndis,  eft  fcdulo  obfervanda,  ut 
in  Argumcntis  iis  praefixis  fufius  explicabimus : 
non  quod  follicitus  fim  quacnam  fuerit  Ciccr 
ronis  dc  uUa  re  fententia  (cum  nullius  in  ver- 
ba jurandum  cenfeam)  fed  qt  critice  tantiim 
&  hiflorice  leduris  dc  vera  ipfius  mcnte,  feu 
crraverit  necne,  conftaret.  Argumentis  prac- 
cipue  opus  eft  ante  Or  at  tones  ^  quae  ideo  mi- 
nus placcnt  &  intelliguntur  quam  reliqua  Ci- 
ceronis  opera,  quia  perpctuae  inibi  allufiones 
&  provocationes  ad  Leges  fiunt.  Quamvis 
Orator  enim  &Jurifconfultus  non  iidem  (ut 
a  nriliibus  inepte  putatur)  fuiflent,  &  quod  0- 
rationes  hae  tantum  a  recentioribus  fori  ac- 
titationibus,  quantum  Romanae  Reipublicac 
Proceres  a  condudis  Advocatis  difFerant :  Ic- 
guni  tamen  Romanarum  non  folum  peritif- 
fimus,  fed  in  omnibus  itidem  Juris  fubtilitati- 
bus,  tricis,  &  argutioiis  erat  Cicero  verfatif- 
fimus,  quod  ab  iiio  Jurifprudentiae  &  Frane- 
querae  fuac  ornamento,  Antonio  Schultingio, 
luculentiflime  (35)  demonftratum  eft*  Non 
poffum  quin,  hac  occafione,  unicum  e:;:  oja- 
tione  pro  L.  Murena^  adducam  Ipcum,  ubi 
quorundam  Jurifconfultorum  fcribendi  ratio 
(quod  dc  Medicis  npnnullis  aequc  verum  eft) 

(J  5)  la  OratioEc  de  Jurifprudentift  M,T»  Ciccrox^is. 

false 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS.     265 

false  (36)  perftringitur ;  qqod  mirifico  fcilicet 
in^^um  aut  baxbararum  vocum  involucro  fua 
omnia  ex  induflria  obtegant :  quae  dum  erant 
occulta  (inquit  nofter)  necejfario  ab  eisy  qui 
ea  tenebanty  petebantur  i  pqjiea  vera  pervul- 
gat  ay  atque  in  manibus  j  aetata  &  excujfay 
inanijjima  prudentiae  reperta  funty  fraudis 
autem  &  ftultitiae  plenijjima.  Scd  ut  de 
Graecis  in  totum  fiicam,  quod  nulla  feu  a  Ju- 
ris feu  a  Medicinae  ingenio,  ncccffitate  ada- 
fti  ita  Latine  fcribant  reccntiores,  fatis  fuper- 
que  teftantur  Celfus  Medicus,  &  illi,  quorum 
in  ^ande£iis  habcmus  fragmcnta,  dodiorcs 
Jurifconfulti.  Ut  obiter  dicam,  fragmenta, 
quotquot  extant^  duodecim  Tabularum  ad  cal- 
cem  librorum  de  LegibuSy  propter  non  leves 
rationes>  fuo  loco  dicendas,  inferere  operac 
pretium  duxi. 

XVII.  Art..  7-  VARIAE  alicujus  moment! 
Le£tiones  hadenus  in  lucem  cmiffae,  cum 
piurium  manufcriptorum  codicum  coUationi- 
bus,  a  me  ipfo  vel  ab  amicis  fadis,  ad  uniuf- 
cujufque  paginae  calcem  adjicientur.  Hie 
labor  non  invite  nee  ignave  impendendus  eft, 
cum  antiqui  fcriptores  fuerint  ab  indodis  li- 
brariis  miferum  in  modum  lancinati,  &  in 
ilia  faeculorum  barbarie,  non  omnes  duntaxat 
faede  lacerati,  fed  plerique  etiam  ad  interi- 
tum  perdudi  5  adco  ut  ullos  ex  tanto  nau-  , 
fragio  fupereflb;  pro  niiraculo  habendum  iit. 

(jO  Clip.  i«« 

At 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


266   CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS. 

At  nugas  iftas^  quibus  librum  &  famam  fuam 
oncrare  gcftiunt  quidam  cditores,  maxima  qua 
poilit  fedulitate  evitabimus  s  quales  funt  mcri 
defcriptoris  lapfus^  aut  voces  quae  utroquc 
modo  acque  commode  fcribuntur  :  utrum 
(vcrbi  gratia)  tanquam  vcl  tamquam,  unquam 
vcl  umquamy  paene  vel/fw^,  fielix  vtlfeliXy 
caeterum  vel  ceterum,  imprimis  vel  inprimisy 
cum  talibus  innumcris,  Icgerc  dcbeamus.  Nee 
Jtmilia  nude  unquam  proponuntur,  fed  criticis 
(fi  Diis  placet)  obfcrvationibus  Temper  ad  o- 
ftentationem  comitata.  Modi  quinetiam  lo- 
quendi^  quibus  promifcue  uti  pofliimus^  aut 
nunquam  pro  variis  ieftionibus  aut  iimpiici- 
ter  tantum  allegari  debent.  An  opus  erat  ut 
celebcrrimus  Jacobus  Gronovius,  qui  alias 
non  male  de  Cicerone  meritus  eft,  notam, 
triginta  verfibus  &  charaftere  conftantem  mi- 
nutiflimo,  (37)  conderet  ?  qua  ferio  difcutc- 
ret,  utrum  ad  confirmandum  &  confutandum 
fcribendum  cflet,  an  ad  confirmandum  &  ad 
confutandumy  praepofitione  nempe  repctita  : 
cum  dicere  fatius  fuiffet,  utrumque  fcribendi 
modum  eflc  probum  &  aequaliter  ufurpatum; 
quod  de  in^  &  aby  &  e,  ac  aliis  perinde  praepofi- 
tionibus,  intelligi  debet.  Aures  hie  non  mem- 
branae  confulendae.  Quando  ergo  varia  ali- 
qua  ledio  eundem  exprimet  fenfum,  &  pu- 
ram  ctiam  ab  utraquc  parte  latinitatem,  tunc 
vocem  cam  aut  phrafin  textui  inferam  quae 
ipfi  audori  confuetior,  vel  fide  manufcripto- 

(37)  Ad  Cap.  13.  1.  3.  Rhet.  ad  Heren. 

rum 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS.     267 

rum  firmatior :  fie  in  Cicerone  duo  excellent 

tes  ingeniis  adolefcentes  malo,  quam  duo  ex^ 

cellentis   ingenii  adolefcentes^   ut  &  in  ijia 

barbaria  quam  in  iJia  barbarie.     Infcientia 

vero  &  Infcttia  ita  promifcue  utitur  Orator, 

ut  foius  periodi  numcrus  utramlibet  praepon- 

derate  faciat.     Scire  velim,   quare  Lambinus 

adverbium  quoque^  ex  fua  conjedura,  adver- 

bio   quidenty   manufcriptorum  audoritatc  fir-r 

mate,  pracpofuerit  in  hoc  (38)  loco?    Videy 

quaefo,  ft  omnis  motuSy  omniaque  quae  certis 

temporibus  ordinem  fuum  confervanty  divina 

ducimuSy  ne  tertianas  quidemfebres  &  quar^ 

tanas  divinas  ejfe  dicendumjtt  5  ubi  quidenty 

fi  non  idem  prorfus  ac  quoque  fignificat,  ma- 

gis  eleganter  &  emphatice  hie  infcrvit.  Talcs 

itaque  miferrimas  conjeduras,   &  fyllabarum 

captationes,  in  totura  ex  noftra  editione  cli- 

minabimus.     Opcrofam  hanc  provinciam  mi- 

ro  ftudio  excoluit  Gulielmius.     Sicgenium  in 

loco   quodam  fub  finem  (39)  primi  de  Legi- 

bfiSy    invitis  codicibus,  prae  ingenio  mallet  5 

quafi  ingenium  illic  non  magis  eflet  appofi- 

turn.      Quamvis  enim  idem  plermnquc  figtvi- 

ficent,  cum  Genius  tamcn  pro  fpiritu  ab  huma- 

na  raente  diftindo  faepe  accipiatur,  non  dubito 

quill   Cicero,  ubi  de  hominis  fui  ipfius  &  fa- 

cultatuni  naturalium  cognitione  trjiftat  (quod 

ibi  facit)  ingenium  conful^  fcripf?rit.    Pauci$ 

Interjedis  veriibus,  nulla  neccflitatc  nee  mar 

(58)  Ad  Cap.  10.  1.  ?,  de  Nat  DeoFt  / 

C39)  Ad  Cap.  22.  Li*  de  Leg.  ' 

uufcrip^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


26S     CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS. 

nufcriptorum  fide  compulfus^  a  natura  fub- 
ornatus  excudendum  voluit  natura  fua  arna- 
tus 'y  quod  dcformare  potiiis  quam  emendare 
eft.  Quam  multos  locos  fanos  fatis  &  cafti- 
gatos  fic  jugularunt  malefcriati  Critici  >  ut  in- 
genii  fui  acumen,  &  ne  nihil  ex  fe  aflferre 
aut  cfFcciffe  videantur,  oftendant.  Quantum, 
per  Dcum  immortalem  !  tineis,  blattis,  &  a- 
riei  debent  nonnulli  ?  qui  voculis  appendcn- 
dis,  &  dimetiendis  litcrulis,  non  levem  glori- 
am  aucupantur;  ac  ea  propter  antiquos  le- 
gunt  auftores,  ut  mendas  ofFendant  aut  fa- 
ciant,  non  ut  qualemcunque  illinc  utilitatcm 
vel  fibi  vel  aliis  proferant.  Hujus  generis  eft 
quod  Gruterus  in  locum  fequentem  (40) 
confert :  quantum  intervallum  tandem  inter 
te  at  que  tllum  interje6tum  putas  ?  Eleganter 
omnino  didum.  Quid  igitur  corrigendum  J 
Tollas  intervallum  (inquit)  tollas  interje6tumy 
nihil  difcejferit  de  auBoris  fententia :  quafi 
Cicero  tarn  Laconica  ufus  eflct  fcribcndi  ra- 
tione,  ut  non  unico  verbo,  praeterquam  quod 
fenfui  fuo  exprimendo  abfolute  neceffarium 
cflet,  utereturj  ciun  in  fententiarum  explcn- 
dis  numeris  (foluta  namque  Oratio  fuos  non 
minus  quam  conftrida  numeros  habet)  lit  maxi- 
mopcrc  fedulus.  Copiofa  profedo  apud  Ci- 
ceronem  omnia,  fed  nihil  fuperyacuum  5  quo 
vcro  copiofior,  eo  melior.  Res,  ut  mea  fqt 
fententia,  prorfus  intoleranda  eft,  conjedorq 
hofcc  quid  Audorem  fcripfiffc;  yel  decuit  vd 

(40)  Ad  c.;,  Orat.  pro  CRabjrip* 

opor- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS.     zCg 

oportuit,  fibi  definiendum  arrogate  5   praefcr- 
tim  cum  alicujus  tantum  mendoft  codicis  o- 
miffione  fufFulti  fint.     Nee  abducar  (inquit 
Quintus  (41)  Cicero)  jit  reaty  ant  in  extis 
tot  am  Etruriam  delirarey  aut  eandetn  gent  em 
in  fulguribus  errare.   Exclamat  Gruterus,  (42) 
Vix  fotui  refraenare  manumy  quin  ejicerem 
illudy  ut  rear,  quod  nullo  apice  compareret  in 
Valatino  prima  aut  fecundo  i   e^  certe  La^ 
tine  loquetur  Tullius,  quamvis  refecetur.  Sedl 
non  minus  Latine  loquetur  it  permaneat  s  nam 
ex  earum  phrafium  numero  eft,  quae  tam  a- 
dclTc  quam  abeflfe,   fermonis  filo  non  inter- 
rupto,  poflunt :   &  cum  in  pluribus  infit  bo- 
nae  notae  codicibus,   aptius  erat  indicaflc  in 
duobus  iliis  nequaquam  extare.     Sed  quid  ifti 
non  audcant  ?   Una  ex  Gronovii  conieduris 
minus  excufanda  videtur.     Super  his  Cicero- 
nis  (43)  verbis,  at  enim  qui  T  atria  pot  eft  ate y 
hoc  eft  ^rivata  quadanty  Tribunitiam  pote- 
ftatenty  hoc  eft  Topuli  poteftatenty  infirmaty 
tninuit  is  majeftatem.     Gronovius,  non  opi- 
nor  quenquanty  inquit,  credidiffe,  aut  creditu- 
rum  fie  ab  Cicerone  ft:ribi  potuijfe.    Explica- 
tiones  illas  Patriae  &  Tribunitiae  poteftatis 
intelligit.   Scd  oblivifcitur  haec  efle  illius  con- 
Jiitutionis  {\xh}cd^  exempla,  quam  Rhetores 
vocant  deftnitivam,  qua  njis  vocabuli  (ut  idem 
exponit  ibidem  Cicero)  definienda  verbis  efty 

(41)  De  Divioat.  1. 1.  c.  i8. 

(41)  Ad  hunc  locum. 

(43)  De  Inventionei  lib.  2.  c.  17. 

ut 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


aro    CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS. 

ttt  ii  aliquis  fie  copiofiiis  dicerct :  fi  perducUio, 
quae  conjuratio  tantum  &  rebellio  eft  contra 
hominem  mortalcm,  anguftiflimae  ditionis 
magiflratum^  res  adco  flagitiofa  ccnfenda  fit  s 
quanto  magis  blafphemia,  quae  fummi  numi- 
nis  rcrum  omnium  conditoris,  eft  degradatio 
quaedam  &  defamatio  i  Voces  blajphemia  & 
perduelliOy  fine  verbis  hie  adjeftis  dcfinitivis, 
ab  omnibus  juxta  intelligunturi  attamen  ho- 
dierni  coneionatores  facri,  non  minus  quam 
veteres  Gentiiium  oratores,  fie  elficaeius  au- 
ditorum  anirhos  commovendos  arbitrantur. 
Paueiffima  allcgo  e  pluribus  exemplx  Aliud 
eft  variarum  ledionum  genus  a  fanis  editori- 
bus  praetereundum,  quando  aeque  de  tran- 
feriptoris  infeitia,  ae  de  ejufdem  ofcitationc, 
aut  nimia  fcftinatione,  liquido  conftat.  Quo- 
modo  (inquit  (44)  Cicero)  aut  mentientemy 
quern  ^tvi^oiLtvov  vocanty  dijfolvas  ?  aut 
quemadmodum  foriti  refiftas  ?  Gruterus  an- 
notavit,  tertium  Palatinum  manufcriptum  ha- 
bere autem  non  mentientemy  quartum  aut 
non  mentientem  :  quafi  publico  magni  inte- 
reffet  feire,  dcferiptorcs  olim  fuiflc  non  mi- 
nus imperitos,  quam  funt  hodie  plerique  Ty- 
pographi,  qui  fubjedi  operis  ne  vcrbum  facpe 
inteliigunt  5  neque  pauciora,  fine  correftorum 
recognitionibus,  admitterent  ubiquc  fphalma- 
ta.  Sic  in  vulgaribus  edition ibus /^r/r^/f?^- 
rent  inepte  infcritur  pro  retraSfarent  in  hoc 

C44)  I>e  DiviiMit.  1.  2,  c.  4. 

loco: 


Digitized 


by  Google 


CICERO  ILLUSTR.ATUS.    271 

(45)  loco :  qui  autem  omnia  quae  ad  cultum 
^eoTum  pertinerenty  diligenter  retradtarent 
^  tanquam  relegerenty  funt  diSfi  religiofi  e 
religendoy  ut  elegantes  ex  eligendo.    Poft  Go- 
thicam  invcdam  barbaricm  librorum  omnium 
cura  &  dcfcriptio  penes  folos  Monachos  fuit, 
qui  tarn  craffa  laborarunt  ignorantia,  ut  litc- 
rae  tantiim  non  fint  internecioni  datae.  Quare 
ubi  loca  aliqua  Graeca  in  Scriptore  Latino 
occurrebant,  (ficut  in  illo  jam  allegato)  ap- 
pingi  folebant  haec  aut  limilia  verba :  Grae- 
cuM  EST,  NON  LEGiTUR.     Immo  vacuum 
multotics  relinqucbatur  fpatium,   cum  Grac- 
cas  prorfus  ignorarcnt  litcrarum  formas.  Mo- 
dis  millibus  vitiabatur  audorum  vera  fcriptu- 
ra  :   ut,  exempli  gratia,  quando  vel  diditans 
non  fatis  clare  &  diftinfte  pronunciabat  voces 
c<^nati  foni,   vel  quando  defcribcns  literas 
amnis  figurac  confundebat.  Sic  diditans  quan- 
doque  notariis  fuggeflit,  non  quae  in  exem- 
plari  fuo  erant  adfcripta,  fed  quae  ipfe  medi- 
tabundus  cogitabat.  Defcribens  faepiilime  pec- 
cavit  ob  repetitiones  in  eodem  verfu  5   undc 
una  voce  aut  fcntentia  exarata,  alteram  omi- 
iit,  putans  fe  id  jam  defcripfiflci  cujus  etiam 
&  contrarium  variantes  non  femel  produxit 
lediones.     Idem  de  ojxoi^gAfuToij,  five  de  ver- 
fibus  fimiliter  dcfiaentibus,  didum  efto :  nam 
hinc  omiiliones  muitoties  ortae  funt.     Cal- 
ligraphi  denique ,  piuribus  controvcrfiis  anfara 
praebuerunt,  dungi  nee  delere  voccm  aut  fen- 

(45)  De  Nat,  Dcor,  1,  2.   c.  28. 

tentiam  , 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


171  CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS. 

tentiam  fupervacuam,  nee  interfcrcre  voke- 
runt  vitiofc  praeteritam  5  nc  fcriptionis  fcili- 
cct  decor  perirct,  aut  paginae  fpecies  defor- 
maretur.  At  ne  excurram,  miror  Cocman- 
num^  qui  libris  de  Or  at  ore  emendatius  cdcn- 
dis  non  fpcrncndam  contulit  operam,  hifcc 
defcriptorum  lapfibus  (quavis  fere  pagina) 
locum  inter  variantcs  leftiones  conceffiffciSr^^ 
me  haec  tua  plat  anus  (inquit  (46)  Cicero)  ad- 
monuity  quae  non  minus  ad  opacandum  hunc 
locum  patults  eft  diffufa  ramisy  quam  ilia  cu- 
jus  umbram  fecutus  eft  Socrates.  Hie  Coc- 
mannus  indicat  codicem  Joanneum  habere  ad 
pacandumy  Pithoeanum  &  Memmianum,  quod 
Gruterus  notavit,  placandum,  aliuni  occupan- 
dumy  alium  oppacandum  5  perperam  certe  & 
inepte  omnes,  Elaquentia  (addit  Tullius  in 
eodem  capite)  Rempublicam  dijjipaverunt. 
Hie  itcrum  Cocmannus  poft  Gruterum  ex  Pi- 
thoeano  adducit  difparuerunt,  ac  difparave- 
runt  conjicit  licentius  (ut  foiet)  &  infeliciffi- 
me  Gulielmius.  Nihil  idcirco  hujus  farinac 
in  noftra  Editione,  nifi  breviter  aliquando  in- 
dicatum,  comparebit :  neque  tantum  mihi  ipfi 
unquam  pcrmittam,  ut  quenquam  propter  o- 
piparas  hafce  delicias,  vel  notatas  fcrupuiofius 
vel  negle£tas,  ftipitcm  appellem,  fungum,  bar- 
dum,  alinum,  temcrarium,  impiidentem,  aut 
ineptum  5  ac  multo  minus  ut  nequam,  mafti- 
giam,  fcekftum,  ferum  &  ferreum,  facrilc- 
gum,  plagiarium,  moechum,  vel  caprarum  ma- 

(4,6}  Lib.  I.  c.  7* 

ritum, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS.   27) 

litum,  talcm  nominem.     At  fi  fcurrilitas  ex- 

cmplis  probari  poflct,    fique  in  rebus  tantillis 

his  ipfis  vel  pejoribus  utendum  effet  Epithetis, 

non  ignoro  quam  celebribus  etiamnum  viven- 

tium  nominibus  faftum  tueri  valercm.      Ari 

artis  ergo  tam  eximiae  eft,  codices  Manufcrip- 

tos  evolvere,  edacem  pulverem  excutere,  ma- 

cuias  a  vetuftatc  vel  librariis  inuftas  tollere,  & 

Variantcs  inter  fe  conferre  lediones?   ut  reg- 

iium  hinc  chartaceum,  in  liberrima  literarum 

republica  libi  arrogare  quidam  &  palam  afFec- 

tare  debeant )     Obliterata  &  olentia  verba  c 

tenebris  diligenter  eruunt,  cefiere  forfan  non 

infeiiciter  corrediunculae :    fed  quam  mifella 

fupcrbiendi  caufa?  quamque  exile  eruditionis 

fpecimen,  in  apicibus  verborum  &  interpunc- 

tionibus  non  mediocriter  effe  verfatum  i  Non 

minimam  itaque  aliorum  vel  proprii  temporis 

particulam,  in  famolis  Criticorum  rixis  &  con- 

tentionibus,  otiofus  profundam }  rede  quippc 

fentientium  rationes  produccre  contentus,  ne- 

que  malam  uUam  neque   boham  fum  ober- 

rantiu^m,   nifi  admodum  faro,  fa£iurus  men- 

tionem^     Ne  meas  unquam  aut  aliorum  con- 

jcduras,  probis  invitis  manufcriptis,  in  Textum 

audacius  invcham,   fane  quam  dillgentiflimc 

cavebOi     Hoc  efle  facinus  non  magis  arrogans 

quam  ridiculum  cenfeo  ncc  fegnius  vitanduni 

quam  aliorum,  ut  fuperiiis  dixi,  importunitas, 

qui  mcndofis  codicibus  omnia  emendare  vo- 

lunt.     Sed  non  minus  fere  poft  Typographic 

.am  rcpertam  invalcfcit  quam  antea,   quandd 

Xibrarii  quicquid  proprio  palato  non  fatis  fapie- 

YoL.  L  $  bat, 

J  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


274  CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS. 

bat,   pro  lubitu  immutare  aut  dclerc  confuc- 

vcrant.      Mirum  quanta  liccntia  fibi  in  hac 

Sparta  adornanda  imperitiflimi  quiquc  indul^ 

gebant,  quafi  futuris  Criticis  mater  iam  fuppc- 

ditaturi.     Tunc  etiam  temporis  extitit  infutfa 

ilia  Divinatorum  natio,  quorum  plerique,  ut 

nunc,  illotis  manibus  ad  haec  facta  accedebant, 

nc  omnia  idco  deturparunt,  profanarunt,  cor- 

rupcrunt.     Quae  non  fatis  bene  intellexcrant 

ve!  a\iis  plane  verbis,  vel  pcrperam  adhibiris 

intcrpundioaibus,  corrigerc  voluerunt.  Omit- 

tebaut  aliquandoquae  fupcrflua,  addebantquac 

neccfiaria  vidcbantur.     Voces  aequipoUentes, 

vel  quas    talcs   effc  crcdiderunt,    originariis 

facpe  fubftituebant5  &  eruditorum  gloffema- 

ta  ex  margine  in  Tcxtum  invehere,  non  folis 

in  more  fuit  Criticis  facris.     Quafcunque  ergo 

comperero,  quave  linguae  Latinae,  quave  fen- 

tentiarum  refpcftUj  variantes  alicujusmomcnti 

leftiones,  fedulas  eas  (uti  dixeram)  adnotabo; 

hone  fta  fempcr  commcmoratione  omnium  pro- 

mcrcntium  fafta,  &  fuis  unicuique  inventis  aut 

cmcndationibus  (dummodo  tanti  fint)    adjudi- 

catis,    utcunque  ab  illis  alio   quopiam  pafto 

dilTentiam,    quod  fine  verborum  contumeiia 

facere  pofliim.  Univerfis  itaque  (ut  recolligam) 

lapfibus  &  hallucinationibus  librariorum  prac- 

tcrmiflls,  frivolis  &  temerariis  rcjedis  conjec- 

turis,  muliebribus  convitiis  &  pedancis  vitiliti- 

2;ationibus  evitatis,    ac  codicibus  manu  cxara- 

tis  (unde  varias  hauferim  lediones)  fine  uliis 

annc6\is  commentatiunculis   indicatisj    facilli- 

me^  inferas,   anguftius  iftam  partem  in  noftra 

cdi- 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS.  275 

cditione  fpatium  occupaturam,  etfi  multb  ma- 
jorem  forfan  quam  in  uUa  alia  variarum  vcra- 
rumque  ledioum  copiam  produfturi  fimus* 
Locus  hie,  ut  paucula  quaedam  adjiciam,  me 
admonet.  Cum  fuerint  ex  eruditis,  qui,  inter 
alias  fcribendi  rationes,  dtjiilo  Lapidario  non- 
nihil  tradiderint,  miror  nullos  adhucdum  cx- 
titiffe,  qui  de  Jiilo  VarioleSiionario  (ut  fie  di- 
cam)  pro  rei  dignitate  commentarentur :  nam  ab 
omni  alio  fermonis  genere  immenlum  quan- 
tum difcrepat !  Sed  voluntate  prorationeple- 
rumque  reddita,  certe  merus  Regius  ftilus  eft* 
Concise  (ut  multi  dudum  obfervarunt)  ab- 
rupte,  verbulo,  nutu,  ex  folio  efFatur  Criticus* 
l!lon  Latinum  (inquit)  hoc^  haudijiud placet^ 
^erba  ilia  aftenfco  vel  obelo  notandUj  mutilus 
hie  locus ^  id  demum  re6te  :  refeco  haecy  deleo^ 
ejicioy  jugulo  i  fie  feriboy  fie  mutOy  fie  difiin* 
guOy  fie  reftituOy  &  mille  fimilia.  Nee  fine 
caufa.  Sicut  enim  inter  hiftriones,  qui  Regias 
partes  agunt,  extra  theatrum  quoque  ferocib- 
res  aliis  &  tumidiores  reperiuntur  5  ita  Gram- 
maticos,  abfoiutum  in  pueros  imperium  ex- 
crcere  folitos,  ftilum  hunc  e  quotidiana  lo- 
quendi  confuetudine  ufurpaflc,  non  vcro  eft 
abfimile.  Haec  idonea  fortaffis  ratio  eft,  quarc 
contradici  fibi  tam  aegre  &impatienter  ferant, 
ac,  ob  leviufeulam  de  lana  caprina  controver- 
fiam,  non  inimicitias  foliim  impiacabiles  ad- 
verfariis  denuncient  5  fed,  ftridis  femel  &  fcUc 
illitis  calamis,  omnia  fibi,  '  tanquam  in  vcro 
hello,  licere  putent.  Si  claritati  autcm,  quam 
imaginantur,  &  celebritati  fuae  vcl  minimunv 

Digitized  by  Vj"O0|QIC 


276  ciceRo  illustratus. 

dctradum  iri  olfadunt,  tunc  contra  hoftimn 
famam  (bene  quod  non  contra  vitannii  &  for- 
tunas  poffint)  quibufvis  arreptis  armis  immani- 
tcr  graffanturj  non  juftun^  enim  eft  amplius 
helium,  fed  furor,  lanicna^  caedcs,  inccndia, 
vaftationes^  Sic  ipfi  dc  mcris  quifquiliis  tra- 
gice  loqui  folent.  Cum  non  fanguis  tamcn, 
fed  atramentum  fit  in  critico  ccrtaminc  pro- 
fundcndum,  pauci  admodum  ex  feculi  noftri 
pugilibus  fcrulaccam  iftam  majeftatem  t^cl  lac- 
derc  vel  imminucrc  verentur. 

XVm.  Art.  8.  TAMETSI  integras unius, 
aut  plurium  cditorum,  Notas  explicatorias 
non  mihi  in  confiliis  fit  fubtcxcre  5  ad  Gracvii 
fcilicet  inftitutum,  qui  fuit  reccntiorum  Cri- 
ticorum  facile  pracftantiffimus :  textus  nihil- 
ominus  non  adco  nudus  &  incomitatus  pro- 
dibit,  ac  in  Vidorii,  Grutcri,  &  Gronovii  e- 
ditionibus :  omnibus  enim  locis  hiulcis,  diffi- 
cilibus,  ambiguis,  vel  merito  controverfis,  bre- 
ves quidem  fed  locupletes  adjungam  Annota- 
tiones,  auftoribus  (uti  jam  dixi)  rite  laudatis, 
quando  aliena  verba  fvmt  vel  obfervationes. 
Nequc  heic  loci,  nort'  amplius  quam  in  illo 
Variantium  ledionum  capite,  me  moroforum 
hominum  jurgiis  &  altercationibus  admifccbo. 
Afconius  Tedianus  &  Amnymus  Scholiaftes, 
a  Gronovio  primum  &  Graevio  fuis  cditioni- 
bus  inferti,  proprium  in  noftra  locum  obtinc- 
bunt  :  atque  hie  etiam,  inter  Notas  explica- 
torias, addetur  Latina  verfio  omnium  Graeca- 
xum  vocum  &  fententiarum,  quae  tam  frc- 

quen- 

''-     Digitized  by  LjOOQIC 


CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS.  277 

qucnter  in  Ciccronis  opcribus,  maxime  autem 
in  Epiftolis  ad  Atticumy  occurfunt.  Philo- 
fophorum  denique  neotcricoruminventa  (quae 
putantur)  &  fententias  vel  hypothcfcs,  cum  lo- 
cis  quibufdam  noftri  Philofophi,  ex  vetuftio 
ribus  plcrunque  citatis,  ftride  paffim  confcram. 
Abfit  tamen  ut  hinc  infcram  Ciccronem  ab 
illis  expilatum,  aut  alios  antiques  auftores, 
quos  ne  iegifle  quidem  ex  iis  vidcntur  quam- 
plurimi.  Ut  ad  ipfas  jam  rcdeamus  Annota- 
tiones,  primum  quacro,  cur  oram  libri  intc- 
riorem  rebus  illis  onerarem,  quae  multo  di* 
lucidius  &  magis  enucleate  cnarrata  in  ipfo 
leguntur  contextu  ?  In  Orationc  pro  A.  Clu-' 
entiOy  verba  haec  (47)  &  fcquentia  nulla  in-* 
digcnt  commentatione.  Giuid  ergo  ?  negafne 
illud judicium  ejfe  corr upturn  ?  non  nego  5  fed 
ab  hoc  corruptum  non  ejfe  confirmo.  A  quo 
igitur  eft  corruptum  ?  opinor^  primumy  ft  in* 
certum  ejfet — &  fic  idoneis  argumcntis  pro- 
bare  pergit,  magis  verofimile  videri  judicium 
illud  ab  Oppianico  quam  a  Cluentio  corrup- 
tum. At  Francifcus  Sylvius  haec  addenda  pu- 
tavit.  Primumy  y  fi  incertum  fuiJfefA  illud  a 
fi£tione  argumentum  eft.  Si  incertum  fuijfet 
quam  fententiam  Judices  laturi  ejfenty  veri* 
Jimiliiis  fuijjet  judicium  corruptum  ab  Oppi- 
anico y  qui  timuijfet  ne  condemnaretur  s  quam 
a  CluentiOy  qui  veritus  ejfet  ne  Oppianicus 
abfolveretur :  fed  quum  nemini  dubiumfuerit^ 
quin  Oppianicumy  duobus  jampraejudiciis  con- 
demnatumy  condemnaturi  fulgent  \  certum  eJfe 

(f  7)  Cap.  aj-  ^  , ' 

.  S3  debet 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


178  CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS. 

debet  ab  Oppianico  de  caufa  diffidente^  non  a 
Cltuntio  bene  omnino  fperantey  corruptum  ju- 
dicium.    Vera  hacc  omnia  5  led  melius,    cla- 
rius,  brevius,  in  ipfa  Icguntur  Oratione.  Tales 
notationcs  quid  aliud  funt,   nifi  fupervacanea 
tcxtus  in  margine  iteratio  ?    ubi  tamen  fuper- 
fluum  nihil,  aut  longe  pctitum  inefle  dcbuit. 
Scd  quomodo  aliter  fieri   poterat,   fi  grandc 
volumcn  omnino  conficere  ftatuit  Sylvius,  aut 
notulas  ubique  indifcriminatim  congerere  fui 
cfle  officii,  ad  aliorum  inftar,  exiftimavit  ?  Non- 
nc  utraque  forfan  rationc  indudus,    ad  haec 
verba  (48)  nemo  eft  enim  qui  invidiae^  fine 
veftro  ac  fine  talium  virorum  praefidioypoffit 
refifterey  addit  in  margine  ?    Invidia  eft  mala 
gratia^  &  malevolent ia  ex  improbo  aliquo fa- 
cinorey  aut  hujufmodifacinoris  fufpicionecon- 
traBay  aut  improbi  alicujus  hominis  fermone 
excitata  :   quae  tantum  habet  momentij  tan- 
turn  virium  ad  oppximendam  etiam  iuTwcen- 
tiamy  ut  earn  viro  forti  metueridam  ejfe  Art' 
ftoteleSy  libro  Ethicorum  tertiOj  fcribat.  Ni- 
hil hie  fortaffis  fine  .Arifl:otelis  audoritate  in- 
tclligeremus.  At  pudet  horum.  Talia  (fi  voles) 
in  Ethico  aliquo  tradatu  appofite  dici  potcrant, 
fed  minime    gentium   in  hoc  loco,     Omncs 
ergo  morales  illi  loci  communes,    qui  maxi- 
mam  partem    Annotationum   in    imperfcda 
Gracvii  editionc  abfi^lvunt  (ut  &  aliorum  Cri- 
ticorum,  qui  in  iftam  congeriem  non  funtad- 
jniili,  ccntonc^)  ex  noftra  pj^prfus  fine  ulla  gra- 

^4^)  Cap.  I, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS.  279 

tia  aut  exceptione  ejicientur,   cum  de  legcn- 
tium  captu  liberaliu3  multo  fentiamus.  Quam 
otiofc  idem  Sylvius  ad  iiaec  tritiflima  ejufdem 
Orationis  verba,  (49)  pro  veftra  kumanitatey 
dixit?   altquando fpargendae  ftint  laudes  Ju- 
dicum,  ut  magis  fiant  benevoli  5  idc^ue  breviter 
faciendum^  nequa  fufpitio  ajfentationis  fubre- 
pat  s  quafi  Rhctoricac  praecepta  tradere,  non 
Ciceronianos  cxlolvcre  nodes  tencretur.     Ut 
Sylvium  dimittam,  non  mihi  unquam  jaftanter 
attribuam  quae  vel  ab  omnibus  fere,   vel  ab 
uno  aliquo,    ante  /me  obfcrvata  funt.     Bcnh 
quidem  (ut  folet)  obfcrvavit  Davifius,  in  nu- 
pera   Tufculanarum  Difputationum  editionc 
Cantabrigienfi,  turpiter  crraffe  Euftathium,  qui 
Pherecydem  Syrium  Babylonium  fuiflefinxit;, 
nee  minus  hallucinatos  cSc  Auguftinum  Epif. 
copum  Hipponcnfem    &  Joannem   Tzetzcn, 
qui  non  Syrum  tantum,  fed  &  Aflyrium  eum 
fccerunt.     At  illud  fibi  minime  arrogarc  dc- 
buit,  quod  &  ipfe,   ut  alios  nunc  praeteream, 
in  meis  ad  Serenam  Epijlolis  dudum  (50)  cor- 
rexi.     Therecydes  iS/rwj  (inquit  (51)  Cicero) 
primum  dixit  animos  hotninum  ejfe  fempiter^ 
nos.     Ad  lioc  rede  animadvcrtit  Davifius  in 
vulgatis  prave  Syrum  legi,  ac,   poft  Auftorcs 
de  Syro  infuia  natali  Phcrecydis  loco  allatos, 
ovans  exclamat,  ut  dubium  effe  nequeat  quin 
'  fveram  leHionem  reduxerim  5  quafi  id  non  fc- 
ciffent,  quos  alias  nominabo,  orbi  literatorum 

C49)  c*P'  i<^* 

(  50)  Ep.  2.  n.  5.  pag.  28. 
Cji)  Tufc.  Difput.  lib.  i.  c  i^. 

S  4  uni- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


zto   CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS. 

univcrfo  notiffimi  Critici.  Sed  Grutcram  hie 
non  cmendavit  Gronovius.  Haec  c  millibus 
pauca  cxcmpla,  caquc  breviora,  ad  codicum 
apcrturam  cxccrpfimus.  An  opus  erat  Hotter 
mannutti,  ut  plures  non  addam,  Medeae  no- 
mine in  Orationc/r^  lege  (52)  Manilia  pro- 
lato,  vencficac  illius  hiftoriam  ex  Ovidio  fu? 
flus  rccitare  ?  aut  cui  bono  fabulas  &  fi£tiones 
Pocticas  in  tali  opcre  puerilitcr  infcrcrc,  nifi 
parum  cognita  fit  hiftoriola  aliqua,  aut  fit  al- 
lufio  forfan  non  fatis  clara  ?  Sed  abfque  notis 
his  Mythologicis,  &  Ciceronis,  vel  aliorum 
fcriptorum,  locis  parallelis  five  gcminis,  qua 
ratione  (uti  dixi)  magnum  libnim,  qui  magnum 
faepenumero  malum  eft,  fabricare  poflent  no^ 
taram  Architefti?  Sic  Manutius,  fie  alii  ex* 
crcvcrunt.  Tales  non  una  in  regione  novi-r 
jnus,  qui  fcitule  de  libris  ex  mole  judicarc 
folcnt.  Gluts  ergo  (ut  cum  Rolando  Marefio 
(53)  querar)  tot  not  as  ^  tot  obfervationes  fe- 
rat?  quoufque  tot  variisy  ac  faefe  v  ants  tec- 
tionibus  omnes  lihrorum  margines  implebun- 
tur  ?  in  his  euim  parergis  magna  fit  temp  or  is 
jaStufa%  qjuibus  dum 'vacat  juventusy  ^cir-^ 
ca  voces  haerety  res  plerumque  {quod  praeci- 
puum  eji)  non  fatis  attendit :  &  aliquando  e 
tnanibus  excutiuntur  fcriptores  ipfiy  antequam 
pUne  fint  perpenfi  &  perle6ii.  Certe  citius 
totum  Ciceronem  evolveroy  quam  decimam 
partem  NQtarum  &  Commentariorum  in  eum 
ffriptorum.    ^lid?  Ji  tot  Critici y   dum  me- 

(J2)  Cap.  9. 

<JJ)  Lib,  I,  ep,  17, 

dicai 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS.     28» 

dicas  mmus  adferunty  UbroSy  quos  fanatos 
njoluntj  pejus  perdunt  ?  ^aproptet  confimi^ 
libus  undequaque  corrogatis  fententiis^  quaf- 
que  non  raro  in  alieno  loco  infulciunty  tur- 
gentes  pulchre  &  intumentes  efficiunt  tagi- 
nas.  Sijujlae  voluminis  fpiffitudini  atiquid 
deejfe  viaetur,  hofinveterum  ritibus  prolix e 
nimis  &  fuperjiitiose  enucleandis  refarcire 
norunt.  Hadenus  Marefius.  Plures  adhuc  in- 
cptiffimos  Notarum  <;onflandarum  modos  com- 
mcmorycm  (wt  illi  communi  fere  omnium, 
fefc  invicem  fcilicet  ad  naufcam  ufque  com- 
pilandi  &  tranfcribendi,  confuetudini  non  im- 
morer)  ne,  dum  ipecimen  cxhibeo,  Satyram 
mc  in  literatos  confarcinatores  perfcribere  o- 
pincris.  SufRciat  igitur,  quod  prolixis  iftis 
omnis  generis  praeledionibus  ablegatis,  notas 
idone^s,  fed  verbis  quam  pauciffimis,  iocis  u- 
bique  dubiis  aut  obfcurioribus  me  adhibiturum 
iterata  vice  fpondeam.  Cum  res  etiam  exiget, 
non  liquere  ingenue  fatebor.  Sed  ut  caput 
apttecedens  cum  bello  Criticorum,  itahoc,  quod 
prae  manibus  eft,  cum  pace  claudam :  plaufiis 
illos  inteiligo  perftrepentes,  &  effuiiflimas  lau- 
des,  quas  in  fe  fuique  fimiles,  fine  modo  ullo 
aut  pudore  congerunt.  Adblandiuntur  fibi  in- 
vicem &  affentantur,  ut  paria  nempe  retrahant 
clogia,  vel  majora  forfan  eliciant :  nam  illis 
fefc  cncomiis,  propter  nugas  fuas  eruditas 
magnifice  exornant  j  quibus  celfiffimi  Principes 
&  fupremi  Imperatores,  ob  res  praeclare  geftas, 
decorari  folent.  Scdy  his  non  fatis  faftui  ip- 
forum  aut  anibitioni  facicntibus,   propria  fifaii 

cxco^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


282    CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS. 

cxcogitant  praeconia;   unus   namque  Galliae 

fol  ^,  alius  Britanniae  fydus,  hie  eft  Germa- 

niac  ocellus,  illc  Hollandiae  phoenix,  &  quin- 

tus  deniquc  falus  Mularum  atque  fal  eft,   flos 

&  elixir  litcrarum.     Quod  ornamenta,    lumi- 

na,  fenatores   fmt,   ac   didatorcs  Reipublicac 

literariac,  vulgaria  haec  omnia :    Zoilu3  enim 

nova  luce  literas  illuftrat,   eas  nunc  fol  us  ex» 

colit  Bavius  &  labantes  fuftentat,   in  hifce  u- 

nicus  late  regnat  Orbilius,   &  totum  iibi  dc- 

vinxit  orbem  Maevius  5  talis  enim  Marcus y  non 

ManruSj   uti  debuit,    hucufque  appellatus  eft, 

&,  ^ecimus  ille,    non  Pectus  erat  dicendus. 

ClarifUmi  funt  omncs,  fummi  viri,  cruditifli- 

mi,    praeftantiflimi ;    immo  celeberrimi,    etfi 

nihil  unquam  fcripferint,    nee  ipfis  noti  fint 

vicinis.     Scd  Titulos  hos  abjede  paflim  con- 

ferendo  vice  fua  cxorant,   &  tantum  non  ex- 

torquent.     Quamvis  hujus  generis  delinimen- 

tis  palpum  aliis  plerique  obtrudunt,  fibi  tamen 

ex  merito  eontingere  nuUi  dubitant.     Scd  fri- 

care  fefe  mutuo  &  demulcere  pergant ,   dum 

nos  ad  finem  properamus. 

XIX.  Art.  9.  PRAETER  Indices  quof- 
dam  peculiares.  Index  rerum  &  verborum  e- 
rit  multo  quam  hadenus  auftior,  nee  unica 
inde  aberit  vox  Ciceronianaj  quo  pa£to  vi- 
cem  praebiturus  eft  Indicum,  qiios  in  ufum 
^elphini  vocant,  &  plures  Indices  quim  fit 
neceffc,  commodiffimc  antevertet.  Caput  hoc, 
ut  longior  fim,  haudquaquam  exigit.  Hoc 
tantum   adjiciam  (nobiliflime  vir)  quod  ultra 

novas 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICESLO    ILLUSTRATUS.     283 

novas  cufufcunquc  generis  emendandi  potiores 
rationcs,  &  opportunam  liipcrvacaneorum  & 
nugatoriorum  omnium  expuliionem,  omnibus 
infuper  nervis  contcndam,  ut  quicquid  in  aliis 
quibufvis  editionibus  praeftat  &  praelucct,  hacc 
una  complcdatur.     Sed  quia  in  Indicum  men- 
tionem  incidimus,   non  ab  re  erit  data  hac 
occafione  admonere,  Indiccm  locorum  maxi- 
me  infignium   in  libris   apologcticis  pro  Re* 
ligione  Chrijliana   e    Cicerone  eflfe  conflan- 
dum,  quod  eum  commendare  hand  leviter  de- 
bet.    Graecis  quideni  Patribus  facem  pracfe- 
rebant  Euheracrus,  Ocnomaus,  &  hujus  gene- 
ris fcriptores,  qui  fabulofos  illos,  Phyficos,  & 
Politicos  gentium  ligncos  &  lapideos  Deos, 
omnium  ludibrio  exponere,   ac  tot  annorum 
fecreta  traducere,  non  funt  Veriti  nedum  re- 
ligioni    habuerunt-     Latinis   auteni    Patribus 
Cypriano,    Tertulliano,    Minutio,   La£tantio, 
aliifque  in  eadem  acie  verfantibus,  arma  fimul 
&  fumtus  folus  ferme  exhibuit  Cicero,  ut  ex 
ipfis  eorum  operibus,  &  locis  a  Commentato- 
ribus  indigitatis  facile  perfpicuum  eft.  Et  Tul- 
lius   profedo  prae  cunftis  mortalibus  Super- 
ftitionis  malleus  dici  poterat.     Ne  modum  vero 
cxcedcre  in  hac  ei  laude  tribuenda  videar,  in 
teftcm  advoco  Arnobium   omni    exceptione 
majorem.    Adduci  enim  (54)  primum  (inquit) 
hoc  ut  credamus  non  pojfumusy    immortakm 
illam  praeftantiffimamque  Naturam  divifam 
ejfe  per  fexus  s   &  ejfe  partem  unam  mares j 

(;^4]  Lib.  3.  adverfus  Gexites. 

partem 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


z84    CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS. 

partem  ^Jfe  alteram  faeminas  5  quern  qmdem 
locitm  plene  jamdudum  homines  pectoris  viviy 
tarn  Komanis  Uteris  explicaverey  quamGraer 
fisy  &  ante  omnes  Tuti^iu^  Romani  difer- 
tijflnius  generis  (jwUam  veritus  Impietatis 
invidiam)  ingenue y  conftantery  &  liber Cy  quid 
fuper  tali  opinatione  fentiret  pietate  cum  mar 
jore  monjlravit.  A  quo  fi  res  fumerejudicit 
veritate  confcriptasy  non  verborum  luculen- 
tiaSy  pergeretisy  per  or  at  a  ejfet  haec  ca4ifa; 
nee  feamdaSy  ut  dicitury  a£t tones  nobis  abinr 
fantibus  pofiularet.  Sed  quid  aucupia  verbe- 
rumy  fplendoremque  fermonisy  peti  ab  hoc  di- 
cam  ?  ciimCciam  effe  non  paucoSy  qui  aver- 
fentur  &  fugiant  libros  de  hoc  (55)  ejusy  nee 
in  aurem  velfnt  admittere  leS^iQnem  opinictr 
numfuarumpraefumtif^  vincentem;  cumquea- 
lios  audiam  mi^ffitare  indignant eSy  ^  dicer ey 
oportere  ftati^i  per  fenatum  aboleantur  ui 
haec  fcriptay  quibus  Chrijiiana  Religio  com- 
probetury  ^  vetuftatis  opprimatur  au£ioritas. 
§^inimOyfi  fiditis  exploratum  vos  dicer e  quic- 
quam  'de  T>iis  vejirisy  erroris  convincite  Ct- 
ceronemy  temeraria  &  impia  diSiitare  refelli- 
tote  J  redarguitey  comprobate :  nam  inter  cipete 
fcriptay  ^  public  at  am  velle  fubmergere  leBig- 
nem  5  non  eft  T>eos  deferuierey  fed  veivtaiijs 
teftimonium  timere.  Pjroh  hominum  Incon- 
fta^tiam !  quod  hie  muflltabant  duntaxat  & 
minabantur  Ethnici,  ipfi  poftea  revcra  pcrfe- 

(55)  Libros  Icilicct  de  Natura  Deorum,  de  Divioadone* 
&  de  Fato,  qui  func  ejufdem  contra  Taper ftitionem  abfoluti 
operis  tres  partes, 

ccrunt 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


CICERO    ILLUSTRATUS.     28^ 

cerunt  Chriftiani  5  ut  in  argumento  docebimus 
libri  tcrtii  de  NaturaT>eorum.  Ante  Indices 
^quod  paene  oblitus  cjram)  collocabitur  integer 
de  Cicerone  articulu v  fUis  infertis  locis  Addi- 
tionibu%  ex  Bibliotliieca  Latina  viri  antca 
laudati,  ftupendaeque  eruditionis,  Joahnis  AI- 
berti  Fabricii ;  qui  Editpres  quotquot  hadenus 
fuerunt  ac  Commentatores,  feu  totius  operis 
feu  alicujus  feorfum  partis,  fummo  candore, 
judicio,  &  induftria  recenfuit.  Idem  praeftitit 
non  in  reliquos  modo  antiques  fcriptores  La- 
tinos, fed  etiam  in  Graecos :  &  ejus  certe  Bib- 
liotheca  Graeca  nuUo  non  pretio  digna  efti- 
mabitur,  dum  ullus  Literis  manebit  honos. 

XX,  S  E  D  hie  te,  pro  humanitate  tua,  ob- 

teftor  atque  obfecro  (Hohendorfi)  ut  nemi- 

nem  ex  amicis  tuis,  quales  funt  omncs  vere 

cruditi,   tarn  immaniter   errare  finas  5    quafi 

Grammaticos  nimis  proterve,  fi  non  iniqu^ 

quidem,  exagitare  gaudeam  5   &  Criticos  non 

increpare  duntaxat,  fed  &  viiipendere  prorfus 

videar.     Veteris  aevi  faftidio   (inquiet  forfan 

aliquis)  vel  noftri  indudtus  contemtu,  utriuf- 

que  afpernatur  monumenta  Tolandus.    Ego 

certe  confiteor,   nulla  me   neque  pracfentis, 

neque  practeriti  temporis  admirari  vitia  :  fed 

quod  Grammaticos  aut  Criticos  defpiciam,  id 

jure  merito  negOi    nee  pcrmittam  ut  ullus 

homo  (quifquis  fit)  vel  ipfi  arti,  vel  iis  qui  e^ 

perite  utuntur,  me  plus  unquam  tribuat.  Quis: 

^tenim,    nifi  Grammatices  difciplina  penitus 

imbutus,  congruc,  pure^  aat  clcganter  cioqui 

'  pofiit, 

i  byt  oogle 


Digitized  b 


286    CICERO  ILLUStRATUS. 

poffit,  ncdum  origin  cs  linguarum  &  ctymolo- 
gias  tradere  i    Quis,   nifi  arte  Critica  pollens, 
rcfte  vel  proprie,  res  eligat,  aut  falfuni  a  ve- 
ro,   fublime  ab  humili,    genuina  a  fpuriis  fe- 
ccrnat  i   Quis  ambigua   apcriat,   quis  enodet 
perplexa  i   Quis  dcnique,   hifce  deftitutus  ad- 
miniculis,   apte,   distincte,  ornate   fcri- 
bere  valcat  ?  quod  artis  princcps  Cicero  prae- 
cepit,  quodque  in  fymbolum  miiii  (bonis  uti- 
nam  avibus)  felegi.     Non  Artis  ergo,  fed  ho- 
minum  adnoto  defcftus:   nee  omnium  fane, 
quod  longe  abfit,  fed  illorum  folunimodo  qui 
de  rebus  nihili  funt  incpte  gloriofi  &  qui  pu- 
tamen  pro  nucleo  rodunt  5  qui  vaniffima  fci- 
entiae  pftentatione  tumefadi,  in  nugis  tamen 
amant  confencfcere ;  qui  litibus  fefe  aliofque 
implicare  geftiunt,   nee  facillime   tantum   in 
ttxaledida  erumpunt,  fed  bajulorum  &  ccrdo- 
xium  convitia  fibi  invicem  dicunt.  Tales  olim 
cxtitiffe,.  dicaces  vitilitigatores,   ac  etiamnum 
extare,  quis  fanus  inficias  iverit  ?  Sed  quis  in- 
de  paucorum  vitia  toti  ordini  afFricanda  putct, 
aut  omnibus  indifcriminatim  objiciat,   quod 
in  quofdam  modo  convenit?   Hoc  cffet  cjuf- 
dem  te   criminis  rerum  fifterc  quod  in  aliis 
redarguis,   &  turpiter  in  illis  errare  quae  do- 
jccrc  profiteris.     Ceterum  non  ifta,  quam  re- 
prchendimus,  ftili  acrimonia,  canina  facundia, 
litigandi  prurigo,  Sc  feruni  minutarum  ampli- 
ficatio,   ita  Grammaticis  propria  funt,  ut  in 
iiuUos  ex  aliis  profeiTionibus  aequc  cadant  ap- 
pofite  :    ex  nulla  fiquidem   arte  pcculiariter 
haec  profluunt,  cum  inter  omnium  fcientia- 

DigitizedbyGoOgl^^l^ 


GICERO  ILLUSTRATUS.    287 

rum  cultorcs  rcperiarttur,  qui  nullum  vcl  ex- 
iguum  habeaint  judicium  5  fed  a  natura  &  in- 
geixio  adv^niunt  hominum,  qui  bonos  aut  ma- 
les; rixofos  aut  pacificos  in  quovis  negotio 
fcfe  neceflario  oftendunt.    Philofophi  non  mi- 
nus aliquando  dcfipiunt  quam  Philologi,  nee 
rarius  Thcologi  animas  hominum  quam  Me- 
dici corpora  pcrdunt,    prave  didis  &  fadis. 
An  hinc  ergo  deridendi  Thcologi  omncs,  Me- 
dici, &  Philofophi  ?  vel  an  ipfa  Philofophia, 
Medicina,   &  Theologia  prohibendae  penitus 
funt  &  profcribendae !  Quis  talia  diccre,  quod 
nefas  equidem  cogitate,  fuftinucrit?  Theolo- 
gos  tamen,   exempli  gratia,  novimus,  qui  di- 
£ta  quaeque  &  fafta  aliter  fentientium  in  fe- 
quiorem  partem  trahant  5    qui  nullum    un- 
quam,  quern  fibi  conftituunt  advcrfariura,  nifi 
depexum  bene  laceratumque  dimittant,   qui 
fpeciefti  aliquam  fuis  ofFuciis  non  paratiores 
Jint  addere,  quam  errata  uUo  pado  agnofcerc 
tardiores  s  qui  propter  res  leviflimas,  pias  chi- 
meras, &  nugas  (ut  fic  dicam)  facerrimas,  dif- 
fcntientes  omnes  orco  religiofe  tradant.     Scd 
quid  hoc  ad  ipfam  Theologiam  i  Non  foli  er- 
go  Grammatici    in   hujufmodi  fordibus   fefe 
volutant  $  nee  foli  quofvis  in  arenam  provb- 
care,  &,  ut  quifquis  emineat,  gradu  fuo  dc- 
pellere  nituntur :  non  foli  Critici  fuperciliofe, 
immo  regie,    decidere   de  omnibus  fibi  fu- 
munt  i   nee  foli  famam  aliorum,  &  labores, 
calumniis  onerare  fatagunt,  Vides  itaque,  vel 
potius  alii  videant  (cum  ingenium  meum  tibi 
probiws  notumi  fit)   non  obtredandi  me,  fed 

dbyLiOOgie 


Digitized  b 


Ut  CICERO   ILLUStRATUS. 

corrigcndi  ftudio  abreptum>  quorundam  Graim 
jnaticorum  nacvos  ad  finem  capitis  decimi 
fcptimi^  ut  &  decimi  odavi>  liberius  anno- 
taffci  neminem  vcro,  neque  vivutn  ncquc 
mortuum,  nomine  fuo  compellafle^  cum  ne^ 
mini  vcl  inimiciflimo  fuccenfeam.  Non  pot 
fum  hcrclc  non  abjede  de  quibufdam  fentirc, 
&  ftmuiator  eft  qui  alii^d  obtendit  :  Sed  ut 
animus  in  ipfos  non  eft  exacerbatus^  ftc  nee 
eflfrenis  crit  lingua.  Errorcs  corum  (cum  o- 
pus  fiierit)  ingenue  patefaciam ;  judicio  fuo 
acquis  relido  iedoribus,  qui  pofthabito,  vcli- 
mus  nolimus^  partium  ftudio,  fuum  cuique 
tribuent,  quod  &  alii  omnes  ferius  ocyus 
faduri  funt.  Si  Cfiticos,  quorum  eft  judi- 
cium habere  acre,  folidum,  infigne,  vili- 
pendcndos  objicerem,  propria  vineta  impru- 
dens  caederem,  cum  Grammaticum  in  hac 
Ciceronis  editione,  &  Criticum,  ipfe  pro  vi- 
ribus  agam.  Duas  interea  Iiominum  claftes 
facile  animadvettas>  illos  fcilicet  qui  artis 
Grammaticae  Profeflbribus,  vel  eo  ipfo  no- 
mine veram  humanitatem  &  folidam  ck)£iri- 
nam  denegent  5  &  illos,  e  contrario,  qui  om- 
nes, exceptis  Criticae  ProfeflToribus,  a  litera- 
rum  facris  tanquam  profanos  procul  arcent. 
His  videntur  primi  in  alienam  meflcm  falcem 
fuam  immitterej  &  illis  videntur  poftremi 
non  res  fuas  peragere.  Injufti  omnino  utxi- 
que.  Quid  in  Joanne  Georgio  Graevio,  dum 
viveret,  magis  praedicares  &  admirarcris>  ftu- 
pendam  ac  tantum  non  infinitam  do£^rinam> 
yel  modeftiam  infuper,  candorem,  acqujnimi- 

tatcm, 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS.    1S9 

tatem,  mores  cultillimos  fimul  &  caftiflinlos  ? 
.  Dcus  bone,  quam  erat  fui  impertiens  !  qualis 
in  vultu,  in  voce  hilaritas !  quam  amans  Li- 
bertatis  !   quantus  in   fcrmone  lepos,  quanta 
in  fcriptura    gravitas!     Grammaticas  tamen, 
Criticus,  &  ProfefTor  nulli  fccundus.   Pracftan- 
tiflimus  item    vir,   &  nunquatri  fine  honore 
nominandus,    Ezechicl   Spanhemius,   nupcrus 
fereniffimi  Regis  Boruflbrum  Legatus  extraor- 
dinarius,   quamvis  aulicae  vitac   &  politicae 
imprimis  deditus,    non  minus  tamen  in  re- 
Gonditiflimis  Criticae  myfteriis  initiatus  &  Ver- 
fatus  eft,  quam  ullus  unquam  Profeflbr,  ac  a 
ProfefToribiis  ipfis  laudes  immenfas  retulit.  At 
quam  lorige  aberant  faftus,  acrimonia,   adfcc- 
tatio,  inVidentia,  maledicentia  !    Dies  me  de- 
ficcret,  ii  plurimos  viventes  hoc  ipfo  tempore 
&  florentes  recenfeam,   qui  tametfi  non  lite- 
irarum  humaniorum  fmt  Profcflbres,  nullis  ta- 
men in  hifce  ftudiis  ftipcndium    mcrcntibus 
primas  cedunt*     Quot  etiam  Profeflbrcs  mihi 
hodie  notiflinii,    &  ad  extremum  ufque  ha- 
Iitum  venefandi,   qui  moribus  politioribus  & 
omni  gencrc  urbanitatis,   non  minus  Acadc- 
mias  fuas^  quam  dodrina  &  judicio^  iiluftrant^ 
Scd  nemo  e  tarn  multis  nomine  citandus  ve- 
nit,    ne  vcl  gratiam  foeda  adulationc  aucupa- 
tU  vcl  reliquos  (contra  inftitutum  meum)  ipfo 
/Ucntio  notare  videar.     At  mores  quorundam 
&  ingcniam  cotoribus  tarn  vivis  exprefli,   uc 
eos  agnofcere  non  fit  admodum  difficile,  Ve- 
rum  hoc  fortaffe.    Non  mihi  tamen  in  ani^no 
fuit  ullum  feorfum  in  fcenam  produccrc,  ted 
VojL,  L  T  ms^te 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


290  CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS. 

mcntc  fimpliciflima  &  vera  fide  contra  ipfa 
vitia  contendere.  Si  in  alicujus  autem  oflfcn- 
fionem  propterea  incurri,  in  promptu  eft  rc- 
fponfio,  ^i  capit  Hie  facit.  Alii  quidam 
non  tarn  timendi  funt,  quam  ratione  quavis 
ncgiigendi,  quorum  mentes  (ut  nofter  (56) 
loquitur)  angufiae^  humileSy  pravaCy  oppletae 
tenebris  ac  fordibuSy  in  quibus  per  me  fane 
ad  lubitum  jaccant  invidi,  invifi,  ignavi,  in- 
glorii. 

XXL  A  D  tc  jam  me  convcrto,  (inclytc 
Baro)  qui  non  meus  duntaxat,  fed  &  ipfarum 
Literarum  es  Patronus,  ut  finem  nimirum  huic 
fermoni  aliquando  faciam.  Si  pcnfum  hoc 
fufccpiflet  abfoivendum  ex  tuis  dodior  aliquis, 
non  magno  modo  me  levaret  onere,  fed  maii- 
mi  etiam  liberaret  invidia.  Invifuros  autcm 
pracvideo  non  unius  ordinis  homines.  Prac- 
cipuc  labores  noftros  Theonino  rodent  dcnte, 
qui  alienae  famae  &  induftriae  funt  aemula- 
tore$>  ofbrcs,  detradorcs  5  &  qui  quicquid  ar- 
duum  aut  gcnerofum  ab  ullo  conceptum  &: 
tentatpm  eft,  imminuere  id  &  in  comtemti- 
onem  adducere  totis  nituntur  viribus.  Dcindc 
funt  impaticnter  laturi  noftros  conatus,  qui 
vel  hoc  folo  nomine  quod  noftri  ftnt,  eos  vi- 
tio.&  culpae  dabunt.  His  non  fatisfacimus 
forfan  quia  vivimus.  Sed  utrorumquc  ma- 
lignitas  non  magis  mc  morabitur,  quam  otio- 
forum  fcveritas,  qui  malcdicere  potius  quam 

(5O  Orat  poft  r^ic,  in  Senatu,  c  4* 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO   ILLUSTBLATUS.    zi^t 

nihil  dicere  in  popihis  &  circulis  aniant.  Rc^ 
liqua  pars  hominum,  quae  mzjox  &  melior  eft, 
fine  amorc,  fine  cupiditatc,  fine  odio,  fine  in- 
vidia  judicabit.  Ut  autem  me  totum  libcrrime 
tibi  patefaciam,  nihil  me  incitatius  impellit  ad 
hanc  Ciceronis  editioncm  perficicndani,  quam 
ut  ftilus,  qui  eft  dicendi  opifex,  plcniffim^ 
mihi  limatus  &  efFormatus  evadat;  isveroeft 
mea  fententia  ftilus  optimus,  qui  ad  id  quod 
decct,  omni  rerum  varietate  perpcnfa,  pru- 
dcnter  accommodatur  5  ut  magna  nempc  gf a- 
vitcf,  ornate  grandia,  mcdiocria  temperate,  enu- 
ckatc  minora  dicantur,  ac  fplendide  cum  opus 
fuerit  vel  fubtiliter.  Sed  quorfum,  inquics, 
hie  de  ftilorum  generibus  difcurfus  i  Ut  poft- 
quam  Critica  haec  &  falebrofa  expedite  evafcro, 
ad  Hiftoriam  condendam,  &  res  pulchcrrimas 
fcriptis  decorandas,  meaccingam.  ^isnefcit 
(ut  divine,  ficut  omnia,  (57)  TulKus)  ^r/«^;wi 
ejfe  Hijioriae  legemy  nequid  falji  dicere  au^ 
deaty  deinde  nequid  veri  non  audeat  ?  nequa 
fufpicio  gratiae  Jit  in  fctibendoy  nequafirmil- 
tat  is  ?  Sed  ftudium  hocce  &  lux  quaedam  ve- 
ritatis  nequaquam  eft  fufficlens,  cum  Hiftoria 
fit  pariter  teftis  temporum  &  magiftra  vitac. 
Oportet  igitur  ut  rerum  &  temporum  ordo 
diftribute  fervetur;  ut  clare  dida  &  terse  con- 
veniant  rebus,  perfonis,  &  locis  5  ut  caufac 
faftorum  &  eventus  proferantur,  non  recen- 
fcantur  minuta  &  inutilia,  neque  inter mifcc- 
antur  digreffiones  importunae ;  ut  non  fiAa 
denique  pro  faftis,   aut  limus  (ut  dicitut)  pro 

(57)  Dc  Omt.  L  a.oi)« 

T  z  Dgtizedimpha 


^9^  CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS. 

limpha  vcnditcntur,  fituti  abundc  vidcrc  eft  in 
Volufianis  quibufdam  chartis,  quae  non  alia 
quam  Vulcani  luce  dignac  funt.  Ita  qilidem 
fc  res  habet,  ut  omne  a  mc  ha£tcnus  fcriptum, 
aut  dcnuo  fcrlbendum,  velut  in  tranfcurfu  c- 
laboratum  vclim  ccnfeas  5  huic  cnim,  quic- 
quid  cgerim,  fcmper  intcntus  fum  opcri,  quo 
nomina  illorum,  quos  ibi  collaudo,  in  Hono- 
ris  templo  immortal itati  confecrarem  :  quoquc 
rcliquos,  patriae  praefcrtim  proditores,  inuftos 
vcriflimis  malcfadorum  notis,  tradercm  etiam 
hominum  memoriae,  hoc  eft,  ignominiae  & 
infamiac  fempiternae.  Spes  eft  itaque,  ut  poft 
tot  in  Ciceronem  lucubrationes  impenfas,  L^- 
tinc  faltem,  non  duodecim  Tabulas,  loquar : 
qUamvis  non  Ciceronianorum  quorundam  ex- 
cmplo  (de  quibus  in  T^ijfertatione  Hijiarico- 
Critica)  ita  Romani  eloquii  pomoeria  coarc- 
tare  afFeftem,  &  intra  tarn  anguftos  redigcrc 
cancellos,  ut  non  ex  Senecis,  ex  Plinio  utro- 
que,  ex  Tacito,  ex  Quintilianis,  ex  Suetonio, 
ex  Frontino  &  Vegetio,  ex  Aulo  Gellio,  ex 
Panegyricis  &  Rhetoribus  antiquis,  ac  ex  aliis 
acneae  &  ferreac  aetatis  audoribus  (qui  aeta- 
tibus  fuis  faepe  mcliores)  Vocabula  defumam 
i  fanioribus  Grammaticis  reccpta.  Orationem 
quafi  teflellato  opere,  Graeca  Latinis  interfpcr- 
gendo  (ut  quibufdam  ufui  venit)  non  folum 
non  contexam  j  fed  dum  ea  deferbuerit  infupcr 
expedabo,  ne  quid  praccox,  inconditum,  aut 
inemcndatum  cdam.  Nobiliflimum.  mihi  con- 
Jftituo  argumentum^  rcrum  illam  mutationeiii, 
&  quafi  orbem  convcrfitm  RcipublicaCj  ab  an- 

d  by  Google      ^^ 


Digitized  b 


CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS,  293 

no  Aejrae  Chriftianae  M.DC.LXXX.  VIII.  ad 
fecundi  huju?  pro  Europac  libcrtate  belli  cxi- 
turn,  five  Pax  futura  fit  ftabilis  &  honefta,  five 
Bellum  Pacis  nomine  callideinvolutum.  Cau- 
fa  fcribcndi  principalis  eft  Jacobi  Regis  ob  reg- 
num  male  adminiftratum  (attentata  fupra  leges 
poteftate,  fuppofitoque  regni  hacredc)  abdica- 
tio  &  exaudoratio :  caufa  vcro  finalis  eft,  Re- 
giae  fucceflionis  in  ferenillimam  familiam  E- 
ledoralem  Hanoveranam  (propter  avitam  no- 
ftram  confcrvandam  libertatem)  legitime  tran- 
flatae    confirmatio  &  ftabilimentum.      Hinc 
cum  augnftiilimis  Caefaribus,    cum  facro  Ro- 
mano Imperio,   cum  praepotentibus  Batavo- 
rum  ordinibus,  cum  aliis  itidem  Regibus  &  Rc^ 
bufpublicis,  pro  aris  &  focis   contra  eundem 
Gallicum  tyrannum  dimicantibus,  foedcranon 
femcl  fancita,  &  armorum  junda  focietas.   In 
hoc  Theatro  utramque   paginani   fadura  eft 
EuGENii  gloria,  cujus  etfi  rerum  geftarumftu- 
dio  fim  incenfus,  fatisfacere  etiam  Marlburii 
laudum  immortalitati  mirabilitcr  cupio.    Equi- 
dem  dicam  ex  animo  quod  fentiam,  &  quod  tibi 
facpe  jam  dixij  fi  mihi  inimicus  fuiffet  MiN- 
DELHEMii  Princeps,  tamcn  ei,  cum  tantas  res 
pro  publica  Libcrtate  contra  pcrpctuum  Bri- 
tanniae  noftrac  hoftem  geflillet,    gererctquc 
dum  licuit  quotidie,  non  amicus  elfe  nonpot- 
fem.     Objiupefcent  pofteti  eerti  imperiayfro- 
n)inciaSy  Rhenum-,  Mofam,  ^anubiumy  pugnas 
innumerabilesj  incredibiles  w£toriaSy  monu- 
ment dy  munerdy   triumphos  ejus  audientes  & 
legentes  5   in  primis  cum  huic  foli  c  noftrati- 

T  3  bl^ 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


194    CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS. 

bus  non  dubitarint  foederati  credere  ornnia^ 
^  cum  nnus  inter  tot  annos  repertus  Jity  quern 
focii  in  urbes  fuas  cum  exercftu  venijfe  gau- 
demit.  Talcm  tantumque  Heroa  verbis  or- 
nandum  Ciceronis  putavi,  ipfius  utpotc  fc- 
quutus  cxcmplum,  qui  profitetur  fe,  in  Com- 
mentario  de  ConJUlatu  fuo  inchoando,  totum 
Ifocrati  Mc/gp3w)uoir,  atque  onmes  ejus  difci- 
fulorum  arculaSy  ac  nonnihil  etiam  Ariftote- 
Ha  pigment  a  (58)  confumjijfe.  Quis  futurus 
eft  Anglus  illc,  qui  centum  abhinc  annis  non 
fepopuiarcm  eflc  MARLBURjigloriabitur?  ut 
nos  Edoar4um  tcrtium  &  Henricum  quintum, 
Monfortios  &  Tal botes,  fine  partium  ftudio 
nunc  jadamus.  O  praeclarura  dc  illo  Gu- 
LiELMi  Regis  gloriofiflimi  tcftimonium  !  Ne- 
mini  (inquit)  mortalium  eft  fedatius  cerebel- 
lum aut  corculum  concitaiius ;  confilium  inr 
nuens  dcliberatiffimum  fimul  ac  fortiffimum 
animum,  mctaphoris  ufus  in  noftra  lingua  mul- 
tum  ufitatis,  Nee  ego  dubito,  quin  feris  ne- 
potulis,  dc  (jelebratiflimo  ejus  nomine  difquir 
rentibus,  refponde^nt  parcntcs  vcl  magiftri, 
lit  Cicero  quondam  de  Trcbonio  :  virum  cuip 
fuiflc,  qui  iibertatem  populi  An^licani  unins 
0micitiae  praepojiiit^  depulforque  dominatus 
quam  particeps  ejfe  maluit.  Hinc  ille  laciiry^ 
mae.  Scd  dc  CO  juftis  praeconiis  cfFcrendo 
fcftat  in  ipfo  opere  campus  ampliffimus  :  ncQ 
ulli  mehejrclc  alii  de  patria  cariflima,  aut  dc 
communi   foedcratoruij^  capfa   bepe  mcritO;^ 

(;9)  j^  Alt,  I^ys.  ep.  I, 

laudan-T 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


CICERO  ILLUSTRATUS.     295 

laudando  dcerimus.  Si  vis  ergo  tandem  fciread 
quam  normam  cxigenda  eft  Hiftoria  noftra,  cum 
privatis  afFedibus  haudquaquam  tes  metiri  fb- 
leamus,  illam  nobis  fuppeditavit  in  libro  prime 
ie  OfficiiSj  tuus  mcufque  Cicero.  OmninOy 
(59)  inquit,  qui  Reipublicae  praefuturi  funtj 
duo  ^latonis  praecepta  teneant ;  ununiy  ut 
utilitatem  civium  jic  tueantur^  ut  quaecun- 
que  af^unt  ad  earn  refer  ant  ^  obliti  commddo" 
rum  fuorum  :  alterum^  ut  totum  corpus  Rei- 
publicae curenty  nCy  dum  partem  aliquam  tu- 
entWj  reliquas  defer  ant.  Ut  enim  tutela^ 
fie  procuratio  Reipublicae  ad  utilitatem  eo- 
rum  qui  commifji  funtj  non  ad  eorum  quibus 
commijfa  ejly  gerenda  eft.  ^i  aut em  parti 
civium  confulunty  partem  negligunty  rem  per- 
niciofiffimam  in  civitatem  inducunty  Seaitio- 
nem  at  que  T^ifcordiam :  quo  evenit  ut  alii 
popularesy  alii  ftudiofi  opt imi  cujufque  videan- 
tur,  pauci  univer forum.  Hinc  apud  Atheni- 
enfes  magnae  difcordiaey  in  noftra  Republica 
non  folum  feditioneSy  fed  peftifera  etiam  bella 
civilia :  quae  gravis  &  fort  is  civisy  ^  in 
Republica  dignus  principatUy  fugiet  at  que 
oderit  5  tradetquefe  totum  Reipublicaey  neque 
opes  aut  potentiam  confe£iabitury  totamque 
earn  fie  tuebitur,  ut  omnibus  confulat.  rlec 
verb  criminibus  falfis  in  odium  aut  invidiam 
quemquam  vocabity  omninoque  itajuftitiae  ho- 
neftdtique  adhaerefcety  ut  dum  ea  confervet 
quamvis  graviter  offendat  ^  mortemque  op^ 

(59)  Cap.  af. 

T  4  PM  T 

Digitized  fyVljOOgle 


Z96    CICERO   ILLUSTRATUS: 

fetaf  fotiusy  quam  deferat  ilia  quae  dixL 
Miferrma  eji  omnino  ambit io  honorumque  con-' 
tentiOy  de  qu4praeclare  apud  eundem  efi  Tla^ 
tpnem :  fimiliter  facer e  eoSy  qui  inter  fe  con- 
tenderent  uter  potius  RempubliQam  adminir 
Jtrarety  ac  Jinautae  certarent  qtiis  eorum  por 
tiffimiitn  gubernaret.  CynoiUram  meamfimul 
afpicis,  HoHENpoHFj,  &  Differtationis  fiacm, 
yalc. 


Dabam4Non,  Sept.  17 19 


CON- 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


(  2?7  ) 


CONJECTURA  VEROSIMILIS, 
DE    PRIMA 

TYPOGRAPHIAE 

I  N  V  E  N  T  I  O  N  E 


Viro  nobiliifimo,  tam  antiqui  profapia, 
quani  multiplici  do^lrina  fpcfltabilj, 

JiUGONI   WR.OTTESLEIO 

ARMIGERO, 

Horpicii  Lincolhienfis  Socio  DignijQimo, 

S.  P.  D, 

JOANNES    TO  LAND  US, 


I  riiinus  expeftationi,  tamen  poftula- 

tioni   tuac,  quae  mihi  pro  impcrio 

eft,  fatis  me  hodie  fadurum  confido. 

Locus  itaque  ad  Artem  Typographi- 

quoqupmodo  fpedaus,  quern  tibi  dixi  a 

in  Cicerone  anpotatum,  fic  fe  habet  in 

*    '*  •        capitc 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


cam 


298  DE    INVfeNtlONE 

capitc  viccfimo  (ficuti  diftinxcrunt  rcccntiores) 
libri  fecundi  de  natura  T^eorum  5  ubi  Balbus 
Stoicus,  contra  Velleium  Epicureum,  fc- 
qucntibus  argumentatur  verbis.  Htc  ego  non 
mirer  ejfe  auemquamy  quijibiperfuadeaty  cor- 
pora duaeaam  jolida  at  que  indi^uidua  vi  & 
grdVftdte  ferri  $  mundumque  effici  ornatiffi- 
mum  &  pulcherrimumy  ex  eorum  concurjime 
fortuita  f  Hoc  qui  exiftimet  fieri  potuiffey 
n$n  int'elligo  cur  fton  Memhdety  fi  innume- 
rabiles  unius  &  njiginti  Formae  liter  arum 
(vel  aur^eaey  ^vd  quotes  libet)  alrquo  conjici- 
antur  %  pojfe  ex  his  in.  t err  am  excuffis  An- 
naUsEwUy  ut  deinceps  legi phffinty  effici: 
quody  nefciOy  anne  in  uno  quidem  verfu  pof- 
fit  tantum  valere  Fortuna.  Huic  argumcnto 
ncquc  vcri  hilum,  nequc  folidi,  ab  Epicurcis 
reponi  potcrit :  fed  alia  nunc  res  agitur, 

COkFERAMUS  igitur  banc  Trillia- 
nam  pericopen  cum  ufitata  Imprimcndi  ra- 
tioned rebus  utrinquc  &  verbis  breviter  cx- 
penfis.  Typi  ilii,  quibus  libri  ab  anno  circi- 
(er  1445  cxcuduntur,  riietallici  funt  ScfufUcsj 
ex  mixttffa  ninilrom  plumbi,  ftanni,  &  fcrri, 
vel  aeris  conftantes.  Vulgo  vocantur  Formae 
literarfimy  ex  hoc  ipfo  Ciceronis  loco  cap- 
tata  proculdubio  nominis  occafione.  Et  quid- 
ni  exinde .  (ficut  ego  quidem  fufpicbr)  res  ipfa 
fuggcri  primiim  potuiflet  vel  Joanni  Gut- 
TENBERGio  Argcntoratcnfi,  vel  Joanni 
E A u s T o  Moguntino,  vel  LAtJkENTio 
CosTERo  Harlemenfij  vel,  ut  uno  vcrbo 

dicam. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ  I'. 


TYPDGRAPHIAE.  ^99 

dicam,  buivis  aiii  viro  fagaci,  &  experiment 
torum  non  incuriofo  ?  ham  dc  primo  Inven- 
torc  nihil  ego  definio,  ncc  litem  iftam  meam 
facio.  Sermo  mihi  tecum  eft  de'pirinla  Idea^ 
quae  huic  Inventorl  fefc  obtulit,  quamque  c 
Cicerone  hauftam  perquam  prbbabile  arbi- 
tron  Multo  preflius  &  clarius  ad  rem  Typo* 
graphicam  faciunt  innumerabHes  illae  omni- 
um Alphabeti  Literarum  formae  metallicac, 
quale s  aureae  funt,  vel  adhuc  cum  Cicerone 
noftro  quales  llbet  (quafi  ligneas  infuper  in- 
nueret)  quam  locus  ullus,  qui  ex  antiquiori* 
bus  citari  pollit,  alius. 

I N  T  E  R  E  A  tamen  fi  non  ab  inviccm  fe- 
paratae  exhiberentur  hae  Ciceronianae  For- 
mulae metallicae,  more  plane  hodiernoj  ego 
cum  nonnullis,  inter  quos  Osorius  Lufitanus 
&  Tovius  Italus,  potius  crcdidiffem  Typogra-r 
phiam  per  P  a  u  l  u  m  Venetum^  aut  alium 
quemlibct,  acccptam  a  Sinis :  quoriim  tamen 
imprimendi  ratio,  ut  fane  antiquilfima,  iic  a 
noltra  tota  aliena  eft.  Diverfitas  (inquam) 
haec,  &  illae  Formae  literarum  innumerabHes^ 
me  alio  trahunt  5  adeo  ut  vSinarum  Patroni  re 
ipfa,  quod  validifllmum  eft  argumenti  genus, 
confutari  videantur.  Si  hujufmodi  (^uidpiam 
ab  iis  acceperunt  gentes  occidentaies,  illud 
Chalcographia,  non  Typographia  fuit. 

IPSA  denique  phrafis  iniprimendi  literas^ 
jtpud  TULLIUM  occurrit,  in  capite  dccimo 
^ertio  libri  primi  4^  T^ivinatime.    Scd  mi- 

nimc 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


300  DE    INVENTIONE 

nim^  timendum  eft,  cum  cckberrimo  Petro 
Lescaloperio^  nc  ex  hujufmodi  locis  adolc- 
fcentes  fibi  pcrfuadeant,  cognitam  fuifle  Ro- 
manis  (i)  Typographiam ;  cum  inde  folum- 
modo  concludendum  fit,  uti  egomct  nunc 
conclude  i  nimirum,  quod,  fi  hujus  invcnti 
fuggcftio  ab  uUo  antiquorum  nianavcrit,  ca 
Cicerone  imprimis  tribucnda  vidcatur. 

CBTERUM,  ne  Sinas  tarn  fubito  di- 
mittam,  facile  potuifTent  in  eorum  imprimen- 
dt  modum  inciderc  Europaci,  fi  nullus  un- 
quam  (quod  dc  nuilo  meherclc  conftat)  cum 
in  Europam  advexiflet.  Ex  ufu  quippc  quo- 
tidiano  idem  aliquibus  in  nientcm  venire,  non 
res  erat  ufquequaquc  infuperabilis  ncque  tarn 
ardua :  nam  ab  omni  retro  tempore  poft  ii- 
teras  repertas,  ferro  calorato  (ut  cum  (2)  Isi- 
DORO  fie  loquar)  notas  pecoribus  inurebant 
eorum  magiftri,  quod  a  (3)  Columella  C&4- 
rdStere  Jignari  vocatur  5  quae  voces,  Notae  fci- 
licet,  CharaStereSy  &  SignUy  in  fcrmonc  Ty- 
pographico  jamdudum  ufurpantur.  Longo 
ante  CoLUMELLAM  &  Isj^poi^UAJ  intcfvallo^ 
ViRGiLiANi  (4)  Paftores 

Continuoque  notas  &  nomina  gentis    inr 
urunt. 


(O  /«  Cic.de  Nat.  Deot.  lib. '2.  SeB.  pj, 
(i)  Origin,  lib.  2o.  caf.  ulU 
(^)  De  f€  rf^^i  lib.  II.  cMp^  I2. 
C4)  Qtofg.  lib.  3.  ver,  158, 

Now- 


Digitized 


by  Google 


[ 


tYt>OGRAPHIAE.  301 

Nomina  Vcifo,  nifi  per  litcras,  fignari,  non 
Video  qua  ratione  fieri  poilit,  Arator,  apud 
cundcm  (5)  Virgil ium, 

jlut  pecori  Jtgnum,  aut  numeros  imfreffh 
acervis : 

qui  modus  imprimendi  ex  anulis  itidem  figna- 
toriis  addifci  potuifTet  5  quum,  dicente  (6)  Fe- 
STo,  fignare  fignificet  modo  fcribercy  modh 
anulojtgna  imprimerey  modo  pec  or  a  Jignis  no- 
tare.  Sed  ut  verum  cum  Scholafticis  barbar^ 
dicam,  a  pojfe  ad  ejfe  non  valet  confequen- 
tia  5  cujus  effati  tot  extant  Demonftrationes, 
quot  funt  Inventiones  novae. 

VERUM  enimvero  non  omnino  a  fcopo 

ttoftro  alienus  eft  locus  quidam,  in  Procopii 

Hiftoria  Arcana^  infignis  certe  &  memorabi- 

lis5  quern  hie  integrum,   e  Graeco  in  Lati- 

num  ab  Alemanno  verfum,  adduccre  libet. 

Tempore  deinde  procedente  (inquit   areTcS'o- 

^eap  (7)  fcriptor)  magnam  is  ^ustinus]  con- 

fequitur  potentiamypraetorianis  militibus  prae- 

fedtu$  ab  Anastasio  principe%  quiy  ubi  fato 

concejjity  ea  fretus  Tustinus  praefeBura  ca- 

pejjivit  Imperiumy  jenex  jam  licet  capularis : 

eJr,  quod  Romanis  antehac  non  evenit^  adeo 

liter  arum  expersy  &,  quod  /cribitur,  An^lpha- 

(5)  Uid.  lib.  I.  ver.2.6^. 

(6)  In  wceHgno. 

h)  As*  ^8.  Edtt.  Ltigd. 

betusy 

by  Google 


Digitized 


ioz         DE    INVENTIONE 

hetusy  ut  cum  fni  foleat  nominh  apices  libeh 
lis  indere  TrincepSy  ciitn  quid  imfera^t  fadun- 
dum ;  iffe  neque  ifMerarCy  neque  compos  ejje 
poffet  rerum  gerendarumy  fea?ROCLUSy  qui 
fjpcio  ^aefioris  fungebatuvy  eique  ajp debate 
omnia  faceret  pro  arbitrio.  Veriimy  ut  ali- 
quod  Imperatoris  manus  extaret  argumentumy 
a  magijtratUy  qui  idmuneris  habet^  excogita- 
turn  ooc  eji.  Tabellae  ligneae  perpolitae  for- 
mam  quatuor  literarumy  quae  legi  Latine 
pojftnty  incidendam  cur  ant  i  eaque  libello  im- 
pojitay  calamus  (8)  colore  imbutusy  quo  fcri- 
bere  mos  ejl  ImperatoribuSy  huic  principi  tra- 
debatur  in  manum:  quam  alii  prehenfantes 
ducebant  y  circumagebantque  calamuvi  per 
quatuor  illas  liter  arum  formaSy  nempe  fingu- 
las  tabellae  incifuras  i  at  que  it  a  demuMy  iis 
ab  Imperatore  Uteris  reportatisy  recedebant. 

VIDE  AS  hie  quatuor  litcrarum  formas 
(nempc  I V  S  T  colore  aliquomodo)  imbutas, 
vel  rcgendo  potius  calamo  idoneas :  non  im- 
prelTas  tanien  ehartae,  neque  chartain  iis  fq.- 
perindudam  aut  fuperimpoittam.  Quod  it  &: 
idem  hoc  fadum  fingas,  hodiernam  hihilomi' 
nus  imprimendi  ideam  neque  expreflziTet  ne- 
que fuggeffiflet.  Id  liquido  praeftant,  &  ipfis 
quafi  oculis  fubjiciunt  (ut  fatis  indicavi  fupc- 
rius)  CiC£|ioNi$   formae  literarum  innmne^ 

(8)  Qolw  ifte  nw  atramefitwny  fed  f9frp9$rajnnft$tm  fmt;  fifi 
'Em^fimm  Imptrahrium  ex  nmrkif^^m  ul  atfuab^ri* 

rabiJcs, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TYPOGRAPHIAE. 


303 


rabilcs,  mctallicac,  fufilcs,  mobiles  ,•  quod 
conjicere  mc,  non  vcro  affirmare,  fcmpcr 
quacfo  memincris.  At  ne  res  per  fc  clara 
nimia  luce  reddatur  obfcura,  verbum  fupcr 
hoc  argumcnto  non  addam  amplius.    Vale* 


D  E 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


(  J0+) 


D  E 

GENERE,  LOCO, 

E  T 
TEMPORE  MORTIS 

JORDANI BRUNI 

N  O  L  A  N  I. 


Viko  Illustrissimo 

BARONI  HOHENDORFIO, 

S.   p.   D. 
JOANNES   TOLANDUS. 

*  U  A  E  dc  Gasparis  Scioffii  zd 

CONR  ADUM  RlTTERSHUSIUM,dc 


morte  Jordani  BrunI  Nola- 
Ni,  Epi/^ola,  i  me  defideras  {vit 
illuftrimmc)  fie  fe  habcnt.  Edita 
"*  primum  eft  in  libro  rariflimo, 
cui  titulus,  MacchiavelUzatiOy  qua  unitorum 
ammos  dijfociare  nitentibus  rejhetuietur,  i» 

fatiam  x)».  Archiepifcopi  cajtiffimae  vitae 
etri  'Pazman,  fuccin^e  excerpta.    Sara- 

jbyLiOogr 


Digitized  b 


DE  JORDANO  BRUNO.       305 

gojfae^  excudebat  T>idacus  Ibarra^  cio.  loc. 
XXI.  cum  licentia  Officii  SS.  Inquijitionis. 
Liber  revera  alicubi  in  Gcrmania  cxcufus  eft ; 
qua  in  lentcntia  me  confirmavit  dodiflimus 
Dominus  DelaCroze,  dum  annis  ab- 
hinc  ferme  tribus,  in  Bibliothcca  Rcgia  Be- 
rolinenfi,  feirmoncs  de  Bruno  confereremus. 
Ad  candem  banc  Epiftolam  provocavit  Joan- 
nes Henricus  Ursinus,  citatus  a  Nicode- 
Mo  mAdditionibus  ad  Nicolai  Toppi  Bib- 
liothecam  Neapolitanam :  unde  fummopcrc 
ixiiror  dc  Nolani  mortis  gcnerc,  fi  non  dc 
loco  ctiam  &  tempore,  fubdubitafle  inconipa- 
rabilem  Baelium,  in  ^iiiionarii  critici  ac 
hijlorici  tomo  primo,  ubi  de  Jordano  Bru- 
no. Scioppii  Epiftola,  denuojenac  rccufa 
eft  inFafciculo  c\\imto  AB.  liter ar.  Struvii, 
qui  defcriptum  accepit  exenjplar  a  viro  c!nri(- 
fimo  GoTLOB  Crakizio;  apud  Uratislavi- 
cnfes  profcflbre.  Illam  &  nos,  utrifquc  dili- 
gcnter  antea  collatis,  fie  rite  legendani  exhi- 
bemus. 

CONRADO  RiTTERSHUSIO   fuo, 

Caspar  ScioppiusFr. 
Salutem. 

QUAS  ad  nuperam  tuam  expoftulatoriam 
epiftolam  refcripii,  non  jam  fane  diibito 
quin   tibi  ftnt   redditae ;   quibus  me  tibi,   de 
vulgato  refponfo  meo  fatis  purgatum  confide. 
Lit  vcro  nunc  ctiam  fcribetein  hodicrna  ipla 
Vol.  L  y  dies 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


306    DE  JORDANO   BRUNO. 

dies  me  inftigat,  qua  J  o  rdanusBrunus 
propter  hacrcfin,  vivus  videnfquc,  publicc  in 
Campo  Florae,  ante  Theatrum  Pompeii,  eft 
combuftus.  Exiftimo  enim  &  hoc  ad  cxtre- 
mam  imprefiae  Epiftolae  mcac  partem,  qua 
dc  Haereticorum  poena  egi,  pertincre.  Si 
cnim  nunc  Romae  eflfes,  ex  plerifquc  omni- 
bus Italis  audires  Luther anum  efle  comboftum  j 
&  ita  non  mediocriter  in  opinione  tua  con- 
tirmarcris,  de  facvitia  noftra. 

AT  femcl  fcirc  debes,  mi  Rittershusi, 
Italos  noftros  inter  Haercticos  alba  linea  non 
iignarc  ncque  difccrnere  noviffe :  it^  quicquid 
eft  Haereticum^  illud  Lutheran um  efle  putant; 
in  qua  fimplicitatc  ut  Dcus  illos  confervet 
precor,  ne  fciant  unquam  quid  Hacrefis  alia  ab 
aliis  difcrcpet.  Vereor  enim,  ne  alioquin  ifta 
difcernendi  fcientia  nimis  caro  ipfis  conftet^ 
Ut  autem  veritatem  ipfam  ex  me  accipias, 
narro  tibi,  idque  ita  efle  fidem  do  teftem> 
nullum  prorfus  Lutheranum  aut  Calvinianum, 
nifi  rclapfum,  vfcl  publice  fcandaloftim,  ullo 
Tiiodo  Romae  periclitari,  nedumut  mortepu- 
niatur,  Hacc  randiflimi  Domini  noftri  mens 
eft,  ut  omnibus  Luthcranis  Roniam  pateat  liber 
commeatus,  utque  a  Cardinalibus  &  Praela- 
tis  Curiae  noftrac,  omnis  generis  benevolen- 
tiani  &  humanitatcm  expcriantur.  Atque  u-k 
tinam  hie  efies,  Rittershusi  !  fcio  fore  ut 
rumorcs  vulgarcs  mendacii  danines.  Fuit  fu- 
pcriorc  mcnfe  Saxo  quidam  nobilis  hie  apud 
nos,  qui  annum  ipfum  domi  Bezae  vixerat.     Is 

niultis 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


DE  JORDANO  BRUNO.       307 

inultis  Catholicis  innotuit?  ipfi  etiam  Gon- 
fcflario  Pontificis,  Cardinal!  Bar  on  10,  qui 
cum  humaniflime  cxcepit,  &  de  Religione  ni* 
hi!  prorfus  cum  co  egit ,  nifi  quod  obiter 
cum  adhortatus  eft  ad  veritatem  inveftigandam. 
Dc  periculo  juflit  eum  fide  fua  effe  fecuriill- 
Inum^  dum  ne  quod  publice  fcandalum  prae- 
beirct:  ac  manfiflet  nobifcum  diutius,  nifi, 
fparfo  rumorc  de  Anglis  quibuiHam  in  Pala- 
tiUm  Inquifitionis  dcduftis  pcrterritus  fibi  nie- 
tuiflet.  At  Angli  ilii  non  erant,  quod  vulgo 
ab  Italis  dicuntur,  Lutherani,  fed  Puritani  5  & 
de  facrilcga  venerabilis  facramenti  petcullione^ 
Anglis  ufitata ,  fufpedi.  Similiter  forlan  & 
ipfc  rumori  vulgari  crederem  Brunum  iftum 
ftulTe  ob  Lutheranifittum  combuftum,  nil]  S. 
Inquifitionis  Officio  interfuiflcm,  dum  fcntcn- 
tia  contra  cum  lata  eft  5  &  fie  fcirem,  qudm- 
iiam  ilk  Hacrefin  profcfliis  fuerit. 

F  UIT  cnim  Brunus  ille  patria  Nolanus, 

ex  regno  Neapolitan^,  profefiSone  Dominica- 

lius  5  qui ,    cum  jam  annis  abhinc  oftodecim 

de  Tranfubftantiatione  (rationi  nimirum,   ut 

Chrysostomus  tuus  docet,  repugnante)  du- 

bitarc,  imo  cam  prorfus  negare,  &ftatimvir- 

ginitatcm  B.  Mariae  (quam  idem  Chrysos- 

*raMiJS  omnibus  Cherubim  &  Seraphim  puri- 

orcin  ait)  in  dubium  Vocare  coepiiTct,    Genc- 

Vam  abiit.     Biennium  ifthic  commoratus,  tan- 

dctn  quod  Calvinifmum  per  omnia  non  pro- 

baret,  indc  cjedus   Lugdunum,    inde  Tholo- 

farri,  hinc  Parifios  devenit,  ibique  cxtraordina- 

U  2  rium  , 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


308     DE  JORDANO  BRUNO. 

rium  ProfcfTotem  egit,  eiim  vidcret  ofdinarios  . 
cogi  Miflac  facro  intcreflc.     Poftea  Londinum 
profeduslibellum  ifthic  edidit  de  Beftia  triunh 
fhantty   hoc  eft,   Papa,   qucm  veftri  honoris 
caufa  Bcftiani  appellare  folcnt.  Indc  Witcbcr- 
gam  abiit,   ibique  publice  profeflus  eft  bien- 
nium,  ni  fallor.     Hinc  Pragam  delatus,  librum 
edidit  de  Immenfo  &  Infinito^  itemque  de  In- 
numerabilibus  (fi  titulorum  fat  rede  memini, 
nam  libros  ipfos  Praga  habui)  &  rurfus  alium 
de  Umbrif   &  Ideis  %    in  quibus   horrenda 
prorfiifqtie  abfurdiffima  ddcet,  v.  g*   Mundos 
cflc  innumerabilesj  Animam  de   corpore  in 
corpus,   imo  &  alium  in  mundum  migrare  i 
unam  animan  bina  corpora  informare  poffej 
Magiam  efle  rem  bonam  &  licitam ;  Spirkum 
Sandum  efle  nihil  aliud  nill  Animam  Mundi, 
&  hoc  voluifle  Moysen  dum  fcribit  cum  fo- 
viflc  aquas  5  Mundum  efle  ab  acterno  5  Moy- 
sen miracula  fua  per  magiam  operatum  efle, 
in  qua  plus  profecerat  quam  reliqui  Aegyp- 
tiij  eum  leges  fuas  confinxifle;   facras  literas 
efle  fomniunii  Diabolos  falvatum   iri;    folos 
Hebraeos  ab  Adamo  &  Eva  originem  ducere, 
reliquos  ab  iis  duobus,  quos  Deus  pridie  fece- 
ratj   Christum   non   efle  Dcum,   fed  fuiffe 
Magum  infignem,    &  hominibus  illufiflfe,   ac 
propterea  merito  fufpcnfum  (Italicc  impiccato 
non  crucifixum  efle  i    Prophetas  &  Apoftolos 
fuifle  homines  nequam,  Magos,   &  plerofquc 
fufpenfos.     Dcnique  infinitum  foret  omnia  e* 
jus  portcnta  recenfere,  quae  ipfe  &  libris  & 
viva  voce   aflcruit.      Uno  verbo  ut    dicain, 

quic- 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


DE  JORDANQ   BB,UNO.       309 

quicquid  unquam  ab  Ethnicorum  Philofophis, 
vel  a  noftris  antiquis  &  rcccntioribus  Haerc- 
ticis  eft  aflTcrtum,  id  omne  ipfe  propugnavit. 

P  R  A  G  A  Brunfvigam  &  Helmftadium  per- 
vcnit,  &  ibi  aliquamdiu  profefTus  dicitur. 
Inde  Francofurtum,  librum  editurus,  adiit: 
tandemque  Vcnetiis  in  Inquifitionis  nianus 
pcfvenit,  ubi,  diu  fatis  cum  fuiflet,  Romam 
miffus  eft,  &  faepius  a  S.  Officio,  quod  vocant 
Inquifitionis,  examinatus,  &  ^  fummis  Theolo- 
gis  convidus,  modo  quadraginta  diec  obtinuit> 
quibus  delibf  raret,  modp  promifit  palinodiam, 
modo  denuo  fuas  nugas  defendit,  modo  alias 
quadraginta  dies  impctravit,  Scd  tandem  ni- 
hilegit  aliud,  nifi  ut  Pontificem  &  Inquifitio- 
nem  deluderet.  Fere  igitur  biennio  poftquam 
hie  in  Inquifitionem  dcvenit,  nupera  die  nona 
Feb^uarii,  in  fiipremi  Inquifitoris  Palatio,  prac- 
fentibus  illuftriffimis  Cardinalibus  S,  Oflicii 
Inquifitionis  (qui  &  fenio,  &  rerum  ufo,  & 
Theologiae  Jurifquefcientia  reliquis  praeftant) 
&  coniultoribus  Th?ologis  &  fcculari  Magi- 
ftratu,  Urbis  Gubcrnatore,  fuit  Brunus  illc 
in  locum  Inquifitionis  introduftus,  ibique,  g?- 
nibus  flexis,  fententiam  contra  fe  pronunciari 
audiit.  Ea  autem  fuit  iiujufmodi  :  narrata 
fuit  ejus  vita,  ftudia  &  dogmata,  &  qualem 
Inquifitio  diligentiam  in  convertendo  iilo,  Sc 
fraterne  monendo,  adhibucrit,  qualemque  ille 
pertinaciam,  &  impietatem,  oftenderit :  inde 
eum  degradarunt,  ut  dicimus,  prorfufque  cxr 
^Qmipunicarunt,  &  fecular^  M^giftratui  tra? 
y  I  dideyun? 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


110     DE  JORDANO  BRUNO. 

didcrunt  puniendum  5  rogantcs,  ut  quam  de- 
men  tiffi  me,  &  fine  fanguinis  profufione,  pu- 
niretur.  Haec  cum  ita  cflent  perada,  nihil 
illc  rcfpondit  aliud,  nifi  minitabundus,  majort 
for  fan  cum  timore  fententiafn  in  me  fertiSy 
quam  ego  accipiam.  Sic  a  liftoribus  Guber- 
natoris  in  carccrcm  deduftus,  ibique  oftiduo 
affcivatus  fuit,  fi  vel  nunc  errorcs  fuos  re- 
vocarc  vellet.  Sed  fruftra.  Hodic  igitur  ad 
rogum  five  pyram  dcduftus,  cum  falvatoris 
crucifixi  imago  ei  jamjam  morituro  oftcndc- 
<  rctur,  torvo  eam  vultu  afpematus  rejecit :  fiq- 
que  uftuiatus  mifere  pcriit ,  renunciaturus, 
credo,  in  reliquis  illis,  quos  finxit  Mundis, 
quonam  pafto  homines  blafphcmi  &  impii  a 
Romanis  traftari  foleant. 

i  H I  C  itaquc,  mi  Rittershusi,  modus  eft, 
quo  contra  homines,  imo  monftra  hujus  mo- 
di, ^rocedi  a  nobis  fokt.  Scire  nunc  ex  te 
ftudcam,  ifnc  modus  tibi  probetur  ?  an  vero 
velis  licere  unicuique  quidvis  &  credere  & 
•profiteri  ?  Equidem  exiftimo  te  non  poffc 
cum  non  probare.  Sed  illud  addendum  forte 
putabis :  Lutheranos  talia  non  docere  neque 
credere^  ac  proinde  aliter  tra£iandos  ejfe.  Af- 
fcntimur  ergo  tibi,  &  nullum  prorfus  Luthe- 
^raiium  comburimus.  Scddcipfo  veftroLuTHE- 
■Ro  aliam  fortaflc  rationem  inircmus.  Quid 
cnim  diceS;.  Rittershusi,  fi  aflferam  &  pro- 
bare  tibi  poflem,  Lutherum  non  eadcm  qui- 
dcm,  quae  Brunus,  fed  vcl  abfurdiora  magif- 
que  horrcnda ,    non   dico   in   Convivifilibus^ 

r       1    ^^^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


DE  JORDANO  BRUNO.     311 

fed  in  iis  quos  vivus  edidit  libris,  tanquam 
fententias,  dogmata,  &  otacula,  docuifle? 
Quid?  tu  hoc  nori  credis?  Mone  quaefo, 
fi  nondum  fatis  novifti  cum,  qui  veritatcm 
tot  feculis  fepultam  nobis  cruit;  &  faciam 
ipfa  tibi  loca,  in  quibus  fuccum  quinti  illius 
Evangelii  dcprehendas,  quamvis  ifthic  anato- 
miam  Lutheri  a  Pistorio  habere  poffitis. 
Nunc  fi  &  Luth«;rus,  Brui^tus  eft,  quid  de 
CO  fieri  dcbere  cenfcs  ?  nimirum  tardipcdi 
Deo  dandum,  infplicibus  uftulandum  lignis. 
Quid  illis  poftea,  qui  cum  pro  Evangelifta, 
I^rophcta,  tertio  Eli  a  habent  ?  Hoc  tibi  cogi- 
tandum  potius  relinquo.  Tantum  ut  hoc  mi- 
hi  credas,  Romanos  non  ea  feveritate  erga 
Haercticos  cxpcriri,  qua  credunturj  &  qua  dc- 
bcbant  forte  erga  illois,  qui  fcientes  volentes 
pcrcunt.  Sed  de  his  fatis.  Roma  17,  J^er 
bruar.  1600/ 

HUCUSQtJE  Scioppiu^.  Alia  quaedam  ad 
RiTTERSHuisiUM  pcrfcripta  fubfequuntur,  fe4 
quae  nihil  ccrte  ad  Brxjnum. 

'  BRUNIANI  fupplicii  hie  habemus  non 
auritum  modo,  fed  magis  adhuc  credibilem 
teftcm,  oculatum  nempe,  Gasparem  Sciopt 
PIUM5  qui  Inquifitoribus,  dum  Brunus  in- 
terrogiaretur,  ^deratj  quique  cundem  poftea 
in  Campo  Florae  igni  devorandum,  ab  urbis 
Praefafto  traditum,  viderat, 

U  4  A 

V  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


312     DE  JORDANO  BRUNO. 

A  Jordan  I  ergo  mortc  nullae  futit  vires 
Pyrrhonilmo  Hiftorico  acceffurac.  Hoc  unum 
tanicn  indc  difccndum ; .  nullius  fcilicct  mor- 
talium  audoritati,  fine  dcbitis  allatis  probati- 
onibus,  confidcndum,  cum  ipfiflimus  Baelius 
ill  crrorcm  ducat.  Eo  ipfo,  inquies,  magis 
magilque  apparet  incertitudo  Hiftorica  5  ncque 
Baelius  omni  probatione  dcftitutus  videtur, 
cum  fcribat  Nicodemum,  in  Additionibus 
jam  mcmoratis  ad  Bibliothecam  Neapolitanamy 
affirmaflc,  non  omnia,  quae  ab  Ursino  ex 
Scioppii  Epiftola  allegantur,  efle  vera.  At 
ibi  de  Bruni  morte  non  loquitur  Nicode- 
uvs,  fed  dc  variis  fententiis  ipfi  ab  Inquifi- 
toribus  &  Scioppio  mala  fide  imputatis  5  ^ 
certo  ccrtius  eft,  ifta  noncffe  vera  omnia,  nc- 
que vcrifimilia,  quod  &  ex  fcripfis  ejus  clarif- 
fime  liquet,  &  ex  ipfa  quidem^fenf cntiarui;!! 
repugnantia.  Solennc  hoc  eft  Inquifitoribus^ 
&  nunquam  non  uiurpatum^  illos,,  quos  per- 
dcrc  gciliunt,  foedc  prius  denigrafp  5  ut  plc- 
rifquc  animi  &  cp^poris  vitiis.contaminati, 
nuilius  milericordia,  fed  omnium  potius  a- 
vcrfatione,  digni  cenfeantur.  /Quo  pado  e- 
nimvcro  Dacmonum  falutem  (exempli  gratia) 
propugnare  poflet  Brunus^  .  ut  olim  fccerat 
Origenes,  fi  facras  litcras  pro  fomniis  dux- 
iffet  ?  aut,  rcjedis  fcripturis,  quinam  omnino 
dc  Diabolis,  vel  aeterna  falute,.  fei:mo  ipfi  eflct 
inftitucndus  ?  Vidcrint  haeq  S,  OH^cii  Patr?s. 
Ccrte  per  Magtam  in  fcriptis  fuis  nihil  aliud 
unquam  inteikxit,    practcr  reconditiorem   & 

non 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


DE  JORDANO  BRUNO      3I3 

non  vulgarcm,  quamvis  maxime  naturalem, 
fapientiam.  Sic  aetcrnam  formarum  materi- 
alium  viciilitudincm,  Tranfmigrationem  quan- 
doque  appcUat  5  quo  fenfu  ifta  apud  cum  vox 
femper  occurrit.  Ex  his  de  aliis  efto  Ju- 
dicium. 

SCIOPPIUM  vero  mentem  ejus  non  ubi- 
que  aflecutum  efle,  vcl  indc  conftat,  quod  11- 
bclium  de  Beftia  Triumphante  ad  Papam  re- 
ferat  5  cum  de  Papa  ibi  nulla  fada  fit  mentio, 
&  Beftia  haec  fit  multifaria  Superftjtio,  quae 
credulis  (ut  vult)  hominibus,  omni  loco  & 
tempore,  late  dominatur.  .  Ne^accuratiusdif- 
tinxit  Scioppius  ea  quae  aliis  pcrfonis,  pro 
uniufcujufque  propria  fententia,  vicilfim  attri- 
buuntur,  ab  iis  quae  ipfe  in  medium  adducit  ' 
<&  tuetur  Brunus  5  quod,  ad  Dialogorum  le- 
ges, rei  caput  femper  cenfcri  debet. 

N  E  quid  tamen  difllmulcm ,   reruiii  Uni- 

yerfitatem  ex  Ibla  crcdidit  conftitillc  hiateria, 

&  ftrifto  quidem  fenfu  unam   efle  &  infini- 

fam  5    ac,  Globos  idcirco  five  Terras^  vel  Pla- 

netas  potius  &  Mundos,  in  imhienfo  aetheris 

^xpanib  circa  Soles  fuos,  vel  Stellas  fixas,  rotari 

indcfinentes  &  imiumerabiles.     Ex  iis  ptiam 

non  paucos,  fi  non  omnes,  Lunis  fuis^  feu  (uti 

jam  loquimur)  Satcllitibus,  comitari  afleruit. 

Quae  de   Anima  mundi  in  libro  Italico  de 

infinitOy   univerfo -,    &   mundi s  y    aequivoce 

diflcrit^  cave  ne  cum  Platonicorum  fcntentia 

Cpnfundas :   cum  fpifitum  n\iUu4;n  a  materiel 

corii-i 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


31+     DE  JORDANO  BRUNO. 

compagc  diftindum  intelligat,  fed  fubtiliorem 
tantum  ac  mobiliorem  matcriae  partem,  me- 
chanice  agentcm  5  ut  ex  attenta  patebit  Icdi- 
onc  iftorum  Dialogorum,  in  quibus  luculcn- 
tcr  profedo  &  erudite  dodrinam  hanc  de 
fnundorum  pluralitatCy  demonftrat.  Verun- 
tamen  non  is  funi,  ut  Fontenellum  hie, 
vel  potius  Cartesium,  plagii  incufem,  edi 
jnultorum  fufpitiones  expcrtus  Ut  pofterior, 
De  unitate  autcm  rcrum  indivifibili,  &  in- 
finita  Univerli  extenfione ,  videatur  alter 
B  R  u  N  I  libellus  Italicus,  de  caufa^  princi- 
pioy  &  una  5  ubi  omne,  quod  exiftit,  pror- 
fus  efle  materiale,  contendit. 

UT  obiter  dicam',  difFufus  valde,  Jfi  non 
verbofus,  ac  nimium  ingenio  iuo  indulgens, 
in  cundis  fuis  fcriptis  videtur.  Mundos  Ct 
tiam  fuos  (quod  pene  oblitus  fum)  hand  ae- 
ternos ,  quoad  praefentem  formam  &  ftruc- 
turam,  ftatuit,  quod  plane  abfurdum  eft: 
cum  nihil  medium  dari  pollit  inter  praeftan- 
tiflimam  quandam  Intelligentiam,  quae  ma- 
teriam  omnem  dirigat  ac  informer  5  &  ae- 
ternam  rerum  omnium  exiftentiam  ac  dif- 
pofitionem,  eo  ipfo  modo  quo  jam  nunc 
confpicichdae  veniunt.  Non  Mufca,  ncdum 
Mundus,  cafu  effici  potcft;  quod  adverfus 
quofcunqueEpicureos,  ctfi  mediocritatis  meae 
confcius,  in  me  demonftraturum  fufcipio. 
Nee  res  contra  Platonicos  difficilius  confici 
potcrit,  nam  uti  quod  nunq'uam  incepit, 
^unquam  eft  fincnV  habiturum,  fie  omnc  quod 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


DE  JORDANO  BRUNO.     315 

faftum  eft  infeftum  iri  confido  :  V€l  aeter- 
nus  ergo  eft  mundus  &  incorruptibilis,  vel 
creatus  aliquando  &  periturus. 

S  E  D  hoc  non  agitur,  ut  Bruni  opinioncs 

vel  approbem  vel  refellam.     Tempus,  locum, 

&  genus  mortis  ipfius  extra  omncm  dubitati*- 

onis  aleam  conftituij   quod  ii  tibl  (Icdiflime 

vir)  fatis  bene  &  breviter  peradum  cenlebi- 

tur,    tarn  gratum    mihi   id  erit,   quam  quod 

gratiflimum.     Attameny  ut  cum  Ciceroke 

meo  loquar,  quid  tibi  ego  in  Epijlolis  videar'^ 

nonne  flebeio  fermone  agere  tecum  ?  fed  Er 

pijiolas^  ut  idem  fubjungit,  quotidianis  verbis 

texere  folemus.     Quod  reliquum  eft,  pcrcupio 

ut  valcas  5  meque  tibi,  meaque  omnia,  vche- 

inenter  commendo,    T>at.AmJielod.  1709. 


AN 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


3i6       JORDANO   BRUNO'S 


ACCOUNT 

O  F 

JORDANO  BRUNO'S  Book 

Of  the  infinite  Univerfe  and  innumerable 
Worlds :  In  fivf  Tiialogues : 

Written  by  himfelf  in  a  Dedication  of  the 
faid  Book  to  the  Lord  Castelnau  ,  Am- 
baflador  from  the  French  King  to  Queen 
Elizabeth. 

Tranflated  from  the  Original  It  alt  an,  printed  in  the 
Tear   1514. 

A   Prefatory  Dedication 

To  the  mqfl  illuftriomK  rLord^  Michael 
de  C  A  s  T  T  L  iXKV^y  Lfii^  0f  Mawviffiery 
ConCrtjJmdt^  andjoinvilki  Knight  of  the 
Order  of  Ms  moftChrifiianMajeflyy  one  of 
the  MernSers  of  his  Trivj  Council,  Captain 
of  fifty.  Men  at  Arms$  jmd  Ambaffadof 
to  the  mkft  ferene  ^ueix^of  England. 

F  I  had  held  the  plow.  Most  Il- 
lustrious Lord,  or  fed  a 
flock,  or  cultivated  a  garden,  or 
mended  old  cloaths,  none  wou'd  di* 
ftinguilh,  and  few  wou  d  regard  me  5    fewer 

Digitized  by  Google  '^     ' 


INNUMERABLE   WORLDS,  ^i;^ 

yet  t^ou'd  reprehend  me,  and  I  might  eafily 
bcc&me  agreeable  to  every  body.  But  now 
for  defcribing  the  field  of  Nature,  for  being 
follidtous  about  the  pafture  of  the  Soul,  for 
being  curious  about  the  improvement  bf  the 
Underftandingj  and  for  fliowing  fome  skill 
about  the  faculties  Of  the  Mind :  one  man, 
as  if  I  had  an  eye  to  himfelf,  does  menace 
me  5  another,  for  being  onely  obferV'd,  does 
affault  me  5  for  coming  near  this  man,  he 
bites  me  5  and,  for  laying  hold  of  that  other, 
he  devours  me.  Tis  not  one  who  treats  mc 
in  this  .manner,  nor  are  they  a  few  5  they  are 
many,  and  almoft  all. 
/ 
IF  you  wou'd  know  whence  this  does 
proceed,  My  Lord,  the  true reafon  is ;  that 
I  am  difplcafed  with  the  bulk  of  mankind, 
I  hate  the  vulgar  rout,  I  defpifc  the  author!* 
ty  of  the  multitude,  and  am  enamor'dofone 
particular  Lady.  Tis  for  her  that  I  am  free 
in  fervitude,  content  in  pain,  rich  in  necefll- 
ty,  and  alive  in  death  i  and  therefore  'tis  like- 
wife  for  her  that  I  envy  not  thofc  who  are 
flaves  in  the  midft  of  liberty ,  who  fuffer 
pain  in  their  enjoyment  of  pleafure,  who  arc 
poor  tho  o'erflowing  with  riches,  and  dead 
when  they  are  reputed  to  live :  for  in  their 
body  they  have  the  chain  that  pinches  them, 
in  their  mind  the  hell  that  overwhelms  them, 
in  their  foul  the  error  that  makes  them  fick, 
and  in  their  judgment  the  lethargy  that  kills 
them  J  having  neither  generofity  to  undertake, 

nor 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


ji8        JORPANO  BRUNO'S 

nor  pcrfcvcrancc  to  fuccecd,  no  fplcnciot  to 
illuftrate  their  works,  nor  learning  to  perpe* 
tuate  their  names.  Hence  it  is,  even  from 
my  paflion  for  this  beauty,  that  as  being  weary 
I  draw  not  back  my  feet  from  the  difficult 
road,  nor,  as  being  lazy,  hang  down  my 
hands  from  the  work  that  is  before  me :  I 
turn  not  my  fhoulders,  as  grown  dcfperatCj 
to  the  enemy  that  contends  with  me  5  nor, 
as  dazl'd,  divert  my  eyes  from  the  divine 
objed. 

I N  the  mean  time,  I  know  my  felf  to  be 
for  the  moft  part  accounted  a  fophiftcr,  more 
defirous  to  appear  fubtil,  than  to  be  really 
folid  $  an  ambitious  fellow,  that  ftudies  rather 
to  fet  up  a  new  and  falfe  fed,  than  to  con- 
firm the  ancient  and  true  dodrine  >  a  decei" 
ver,  that  aims  at  purchafing  brightnefs  to  his 
own  fame,  by  engaging  others  in  the  dark- 
ncfs  of  error  5  a  reftlefs  fpirit,  that  overturns 
the  edifice  of  found  difcipline,  and  makes 
himfelf  a  founder  to  fome  hutt  of  pervcrfity. 
But,  My  Lord,  fo  may  all  the  holy  Deities 
deliver  me  from  thofe  that  un)uftly  hate  me> 
fo  may  my  own  God  be  ever  propitious  to 
mc,  fo  may  the  Governors  of  this  our  gl<^ 
fliow  me  their  favor,  Co  may  the  ftars  furnifh 
me  with  fuch  a  feed  for  the  field  and  with 
fuch  a  field  for  the  feed  s  that  the  world  may 
reap  the  ufeful  and  glorious  fruit  of  my  la- 
bor, by  awakening  the  genius  and  opening  the 
undcrftanding  of  fiich  as  arc  deprived  of  J^t : 

fo 

\Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INNUMERABLE  WORLDS.    319 

fo  may  all  thefe  things  happen,  I  fay,  as  it 
is  moft  certain  that  I  neither  fain  nor  pretend. 
If  I  err,  I  am  far  from  thinking  that  I  do  foj 
and  whether  I  fpeak  or  write,  I  difpute  not 
for  the  mere  love  of  vidory  (for  I  look  up- 
on all  reputation  and  conqueft  to  be  hateful 
to  God,  to  be  moft  yile  and  diflionorablc, 
without  Truth)  but  'tis  for  the  love  of  true 
Wisdom,  and  by  the  ftudious  ^miration  of 
this  miftrefs,  that  I  fatigue,  that  I  difquiet, 
that  I  torment  my  felf 

THIS  will  be  made  evident  by  the  de- 
m:onftrative  arguments  I  offer,  drawn  from 
lively  reafons  5  as  thefe  are  deriv'd  from  re- 
gulated fenfe,  which  is  informed  by  pofitive 
Ideas^  that  like  fo  many  ambaffadrefles  are 
fcnt  abroad  from  the  fubjeds  of  nature :  be- 
ing obvious  to  thofe  that  feek  for,  them,  clear 
to  thofe  that  conceive  them,  diftind  to  thofe 
that  confider  them,  and  certain  to  thofe  that 
comprehend  them.  But  'tis  time  that  I  pre- 
fent  you.  My  Lord,  with  my  Contemplati- 
ons about  the  infinite  Univerfe  and  innume- 
r^ible  fVorlds. 

The  Argument  of  the  fir  ft  "Dialogue. 

IN  this  Dialogue  then  you'll  find,  firft,  that 
the  inconftancy  of  our  Senfes  fliows  they 
arc  not  the  principle  of  Certitude  5   which  is  ' 
oncly    acquir  d  by  a  kind  of  comparifon,  or 
by  conferring  one  fenfible  objcd,  or  one  fenfe 

with 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


320         JORDANO  BRUNO'S 

with  another :  and  fo  it  is  concluded  that  the 
fame  Truth  may  be  in  different  fubjeds,  as  in 
the  fenfible  objeft  and  in  the  underftanding, 
as  well  as  how  this  can  be. 

SECONDLY,  you  come  to  the  beginning 
of  the  Dcmonftration  for  the  infinity  of  the 
Univcrfe,  whereof  the  firft  argument  aliedg'd 
is  ,•  that  thofe  who  by  their  imaginations 
wouM  fer walls  or  bounds  to  it,  are  notable 
themfelves  to  aflign  or  fix  the  extremities  of 
it. 

THIRDLY,  youU  perceive  the  abfurdityof 
faying,  that  the  World  is  finite,  and  that  it  is 
in  it  felf :  from  which  notion  of  ifeing  in  it 
felfCwhich  agrees  only  to  what  is  immenfe) 
is  taken  the  fccond  argument  for  the  infinity 
of  the  Univcrfe. 

THE  third  argument  is  taken  from  fo  in- 
convenient and  impoifible  an  imagination,  as 
to  fay,  that  the  world  is  no  where  5  whence 
it  wou'd  unavoidably  follow,  that  it  has  no 
cxiftence :  for  every  thing  whatfoevcr,  be  it 
corporeal  or  incorporeal,  muft  be  corporeally 
or  incorporeally  in  fome  place. 

THE  fourth  argument  is  taken  from  this 
dcmonftration,  or  very  urgent  obje^ion  pro- 
posed by  the  Epicureans : 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INNUM:ERABLE  WORLDS.    321 

NimirUfHy  Ji  jam  finitum  confiituatur 
Omne  qnod  eft  fpatiuniy  ft  quis  procurrat 
ad  of  as 
•  '  Ultimus  € xtr etnas yjaciat que  volatile  telum^ 
Invalidis  utrum  contortum  vtribus  ire 
Chiofuerit  mijfum  mavis  longe que  volare. 
An  pYohibeipe  aliquid  cenfes  obftarequepojfe  ? 
■  -  Natnftve  eft  aliquid  quod  prohibet  ajftctat- 

quey 
'     Giuo  minus  quh  mijjum  eft  veniat^  ftnique 
kcet  fey 
Sive  for  as  fettur^  non  eft  ea  fint  profe^to. 

THE  fifth  argument  is,  that  the  Definition 
of  Place  given  by  Aristotle  (tiie  fuperficies 
of  the  circumambient  body)  does  not  agree  to 
the  firft,  the  greateft,  and  moft  common  of 
all  places  5  and  that  it  cannot  take  in  the  next 
and  immediate  furface  to  the  body  contain  d, 
•with  other  fuch  (light  obfervations  that  make 
Place  to  be  a  mathematical  and  not  a  phyfical 
thing :  for  between  the  fuperficies  of  the  body 
containing,  and  the  fuperficies  of  the  body  con- 
tain d  (which  is  mov'd  within  the  fame)  there 
is  always  ncceffarily  an  intermediate  fpace, 
iRrhich  according  to  this  Definition  ought  ra- 
ther to  be  reckoned  the  place  5  and  if  of  this 
fpace  we  wou'd  only  take  the  fuperficies,  we 
muft  then  (as  you  fhall  fee)  in  an  infinite  look 
for  a  finite  place. 

Vol,  L  X  THE 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


322       JORDANO  BRUNO'S 

THE  topic  of  the  fixth  argument  is,  that 
by  making  the  World  finite,  a  vacuum  can- 
not be  avoided,  if  that  be  void  where  there 
is  nothing ;  tho  wc  fliall  evince  this  void  to 
be  inipofiible.  . 

THE  fcvcnth  is,  that  as  the  Space  where- 
in this  World  or  Univcrfe  exifts,  wou'd  be  un- 
dcrftood  to  be  void ,  if  the  world  had  not 
been  in  it ;  fo  that  fpace  muft  needs  be  void, 
where  this  world  is  not.  Had  it  not  been 
for  the  World  therefore,  this  fpace  wou'd  be 
indifferent  from  that,  and  the  one  has  the  fame 
aptitude  with  the  other  5  whence  it  will  follow, 
that  it  has  alfo  the  fame  adualnefs  5  fince  no 
aptitude  is  eternal  without  an  aftual  occupati- 
on, and  fo  it  has  the  ad  eternally  joined  to  its 
paflivenefs,  and  is  it  felf  the  very  ad  5  becaufe 
adual  and  poflible  exiftcnce  are  not  different 
In  eternity. 

THE  eighth  argument  is,  that  none  of  the 
Senfes  excludes  infinity,  fince  we  cannot  deny 
it,  merely  becaufe  not  comprehended  by  any 
of  our  fenfes  5  but  rather  alTert  it,  becaufe  by 
it  the  fenfes  are  comprehended,  and  rcalbn 
comes  to  their  help  to  confirm  it :  nay,  if  wc 
further  confider,  our  fenfes  do  ever  fuppofe 
infinity,  fincc  we  always  fee  one  thing  ter- 
minated by  another  thing ;  and  that  we  never 
perceived  any  thing  by  internal  or  external 
fcnfc,   that  was  not  terminated  by  a  thing, 

cither 
dbyGoogk 


Digitized  b 


INNUMERABLE  WORLDS.  32? 

cither  like  it  felf,  or  by  fome  other  thing  dif* 
fcreftt  from  it  felf. 

Ante  oculos  etenimrem  tes  finite  videtur. 
Aer  dijfepit  colleSy  atque  aera  monies ^ 
Terra  mare^  &  contra  mare  terras  terminat 

omnes 
Omne  q^tidem:   verb  nihil  efi:  quod  finiat 

extra, 
UJque  adeopajjlmpatet  ingens  copia  rebus y 
Finibus  exempt  is  in  cunElas  undique  partes. 

E  V  E  N  by  what  we  fee  then,  we  ought 
rather  to  infer  infinity  than  otherwife^  be- 
caufc  nothing  occurs  in  nature  that  is  not 
terminated  by  another,  atid  no  one  thing  what- 
foevcr  is  terminated  by  it  felf. 

THE  ninth  argument  is  taken  from  hence, 
that  infinite  Space  can  be  only  deny'd  in  words, 
as  thofe  who  are  pertinacious  ufe  to  do  5  con- 
fiderihg  that  fuch  parts  of  fpace  where  the 
world  is  not,  and  which  are  accounted  no- 
thing, cannot  be  conceived  without  an  apti- 
tude  to  contain,  no  lefs  than  that  part  which 
docs  aftually  contain. 

THE   tenth  from  hence ,   that  if  the  cx- 
-iftcnceof  this  our  World  be  good  or  conve- 
nient,   it  is  no  lefs  good  or  convenient  that 
there  be  infinite  others  like  it. 

X  a  '     THE 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


324        JORDANO  BRUNO's 

THE  eleventh,  that  the  goodnefs  of  this 
W^orld  is  not  poffibly  communicable  to  any 
other  world,  as  my  being  is  not  communica- 
ble to  this  or  that  other  man :  the  force  of 
this  argument  you'll  fee  in  its  place. 

THE  twelfth,  that  there  is  no  reafirai  or 
fcnfc  that  fuppofes  an  individual ,  moft  fim- 
plc,  and  complicating  infinite,  but  may  ad- 
mit of  a  corporeal  and  explicated  infinite* 

THE  thirteenth,  that  this  Space  which  to 
us  appears  fo  great,  is  neither  a  pajt  nor  the 
whole  with  refped  to  infinity  5  nor  can  it  be 
the  fubjeft  of  an  infinite  operation,  to  which 
what  cannot  be  comprehended  by  our  imbe- 
cillity  is  as  a  non-entity.  And  here  an  an- 
fwcr  is  given  to  a  certain  objedion  5  for  we 
fay,  that  we  do  not  affert  infinity  for  the  dig- 
nity of  mere  fpace,  but  for  that  of  nature : 
fince  by  whatever  reafon,  this  fpace  or  atroo- 
Iphere  of  ours  exifts,  by  the  fame  reafon  ought 
the  fpace  of  every  other  globe  to  be,  that  can 
cxift>  and  whofe  power  is  not  aduated  by 
ours,  as  the  power  of  the  being  of  Elpinus, 
is  not  aduated  by  the  aftual  being  of   Fra- 

CASTORIUS. 

THE  fourteenth  argument  is  taken  firom 
tlus,  that  if  infinite  adive  power  aduates  a 
corporeal  and  dimeniional  being,  this  being 
muft  be  neceflarily  infinite  5   othCrwife   you 

dcro- 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


INNUMERABLE   WORLDS,  jzj 

derogate  from  the  nature  and  dignity  of  that 
which  can  make,  and  of  that  which  can  be 
made. 

THE  fifteenth,  that  this  Univerfe,  con- 
ceived in  the  vulgar  fenfe,  cannot  be  other- 
wife  faid  to  comprehend  the  perfedion  of  all 
thmgs,  than  as  1  comprehend  the  perfedion 
of  all  my  Members,  and  as  every  globe  what- 
ever is  contain  d  in  it  felf ;  juft  as  we  fay, 
that  the  man  is  rich,  who  wants  nothing  of 
what  he  has. 

THE  flxteenth,  that  the  infinite  efficient 
caufe  wou'd  be  abfolutely  defcdive,  without 
an  infinite  effed  5  and  yet  that  we  cannot 
conceive  this  effed  to  be  purely  the  caufe  it 
fclf :  to  which  we  add,  that  if  yet  it  was  or 
is  fo,  nothing  however  is  taken  away  of  that 
which  ought  to  be  in  the  true  effed  5  whence 
the  Divines  have  coined  fuch  exprcffions  as 
God's  adion  ad  extra^  or  his  tranfienj^  as  well 
as  his  emanent  ads,  for  thus  the  one  becomes 
as  infinite  as  the  other. 

THE  feventeenth,  that  as  by  conceiving 
the  infinity  of  the  Univerfe  the  underftand- 
ing  refts  ful^y  fatisfy'd  5  fo  by  aiferting  the  con- 
trary, it  is  unavoidably  plung'd  into  innume- 
rable difficulties  and  inconveniencics :  befidej 
that  in  this  place  is  occafionally  repeated  what 
was  faid  in  thci  fecond  and  third  arguments, 

X  3  THE 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


326       JORDANO  BRUNO'S 

THE  eighteenth ,  that  if  the  World  be 
fpherical,  it  is  likcwifc  figurated  and  bound- 
ed 5  and  confcqucntly,  that  whatever  fpace  is 
beyond  it  (tho  you  may  pleafe  to  call  it  no- 
thing) is  no  lefs  figurated,  its  concavity  being 
ncccflarily  join'd  to  the  convexity  of  the 
world  5  for  juft  where  your  nothing  begins, 
tlicre  muft  needs  be  a  concavity  different  from 
the  convcxitudinal  fuperficies  of  this  world, 

THE  nineteenth  argument,  is  only  fomc 
addition  to  what  has  been  faid  in  the  fecond, 

THE  twentieth,  is  an  occafional  repetition 
of  what  is  faid  in  the  tenth. 

I N  the  fccond  Part  of  this  Dialogue,  that 
which  is  already  demonftrated  by  the  paffive 
power  of  the  Univerfe,  is  likewile  demonftra- 
ted by  the  active  power  of  the  efficient  caufe, 
and  this  by  fevcral  arguments. 

THE  firft  is  taken  from  hence,  that  the 
divine  efficacy  cannot  ftand  idlci  efpecially 
granting  it  any  cffc&s  diflind  from  its  pro- 
per fubftance  (if  indeed  any  thing  can  be 
diftinft  from  it)  and  that  it  mull  be  no  lefs 
idle  and  invidious  in  producing  a  finite  cjfFeft, 
than  in  produchig  none  at  all.     v 

THE  fegond  argument  is  u)fiCi\  from  hu- 
mane pradice,  bccauic  by  the  contrary  ppini- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


INNUMERABLE  WORLDS.  327 

en  is  abolifli'd  the  reafon  of  the  goodnefs  and 
greatncfs  of  God  5  whereas  it  is  fhown,  that 
no  inconvenience  follows  upon  ours  to  any 
fyftem  of  Laws  or  Divinity  whatfoever. 

THE  third  argument  is  convertible  With 
the  twelfth  of  the  firft  part :  and  the  difference 
is  declared  between  the  infinite  whole,  and 
what  is  wholly  infinite, 

THE  fourth  argument  is,  that  omnipo- 
tence in  making  the  World  finite,  is  no  lefs 
blameable  for  not  being  willing,  than  for  not 
being  able  to  make  it  othcrwife  $  and  alfo,  for 
being  an  infinite  agent  upon  a  finite  fubjcd. 

THE  fifth  enters  into  the  particulars  of 
this,  and  fhows,  that  if  God  docs  not  make 
the  World  infinite,  he  cannot  make  it  fo ,  and 
that  if  he  has  not  power  to  make  it  infinite,  he 
has  not  ftrength  to  preferve  it  infinitely : 
nay  that  if  he  is  finite  in  one  re(pe(^,  he  muft 
be  fo  in  every  refped  5  bccaufc  in  him  every 
mode  is  a  thing,  and  every  particular  mode 
and  thing  is  the  felf  fame  in  him  with  every 
other  mode  or  thing.  The  diverfity  confift? 
in  our  different  ways  of  conceiving  him. 

THE  fixth  argument  is  convertible  with 

the  tenth  of  the  firft  part:   and  the  caufe  i$ 

fhown  why  Divines,   not  without  expedient 

reafon,  maintain  the  contrary  5   with  a  word 

concerning  the  friendfhip  that  ought  to  be 

X  4  cul- 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  t 


328        JORDANO  BRUNO'S 

cultivated  between  them  and  the  truly  learned 
Philofophers. 

THE  fevcnth  argument  propofes  the  dif- 
tindion,  between  the  onenefs  of  the  aftivc 
power  and  the  diverfity  of  aftions,  giving  th6 
true  lolution  of  the  fame  :  befides,  that  infinite 
power  afting  intcnfively  and  extenfively,  is 
more  profoundly  confider'd,  than  has  been 
ever  hitherto  done  by  the  body  of  Divines. 

THE  eighth  argument  fhows,  that  the  mo- 
tion of  infinite  Worlds  is  not  from  an  external 
mover,  but  is  intrinfccally  in  themfelves,  and 
yet  that  there  is  an  infinite  mover  too. 

THE  ninth  fhows,  that  infinite  motion  is 
intcnfively  verify 'd  in  each  of  thefe  Worlds  i 
to  which  may  be  added,  that  from  the  conii* 
deration  of  a  moveable  thing  being  at  one 
and  the  fame  time  put  in  motion,  ^d  yet 
niovcing  of  it  felf,  it  follows,  that  it  may  at 
one  and  the  fame  time  be  in  every  point  of 
the  circle  it  dcfcribcs  about  its  own  centre: 
but  another  time  we  fhall  refolve  this  difficul- 
ty, when  we  have  leifure  to  give  a  more  dif- 
fufive  plan  of  our  Dodrine, 

The  Argument  of  the  fecond  Dialogue. 

TH  E  fame  Subjed  is  purfu'd  in  the  fe- 
cond Dialogue,  where,  in  the  firft  place, 
four   arguments   are  pvoduc'd,  whereof  the 

.         '  firft 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  t 


INNUMERABLE   WORLDS.^29 

firft  is,  that  ^1  the  Attributes  of  the  Divinity 
^c  as  any  one  of  them.  The  fecond,  that 
our  Imagination  cannot  pofllbly  be  thought 
to  extend  beyond  the  Divine  Activity,  The 
third  is  taken  from  the  indifference  of  the  Di- 
vine Intejled  and  Adion,  and  that  infinite  is  not 
Icfs  underftood  than  fipite.  The  fourth  is  built 
upon  this,  that  if  corporeal  quality  (I  mean 
that  which  is  fenfible  to  us)  has  an  infinite 
adiye  power,  what  we  are  to  think  of  ail  the 
qualities  that  are  in  all  the  abfolutely  adive 
ancj  paflive  power  of  the  uniycrfe. 

THIS  Dialogue  fliows,  in  the  fecond  place, 
that  a  corporeal  thing  cannot  be  terminated 
by  an  incorporeal  thing,  but  either  by  a  va- 
cuum or  a  plenum;  and  that  there  is  moft 
certainly  beyond  our  world  a  fpace  that  is  no 
void,  but  mere  matter,  which  is  what  is  cal- 
led the  paffive  Power  or  Expanfe,  and  where- 
in the  neither  envious  nor  idle  Divine  Power 
jjiuft  needs  exert  itfelf  by  adion.  Here  is  , 
exposed  the  yanity  of  Aristotle's  argument, 
drawn  from  the  incompoflibility  of  dimenfions. 

IN  the  third  place  is  fhown,  the  diffe- 
rence between  thefe  expreffions  tke  World 
^nd  the  Univerfe^  for  whoever  fays  theUni- 
vcrfe  is  one  and  infinite,  and  that  there  are 
inany  Worlds,  muft  neceffarily  diftinguifh  be- 
tween thefe  two  words. 

IN 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


33^       JORDANO  BRUNO'S 

LN  the  fourth  place  arc  allcdg'd  the  con- 
trary rcafons,  whereby  the  Univerfe  has  been 
judg'd  to  be  finite  5  where  Elpinus  repeats 
all  the  Arguments  of  Aristotle,   and  Phi- 
tOTHEUS  particularly    examines    them.      Of 
thefe  fome  are  taken  from  the  nature  of  rim- 
pic  bodies,   fome  from  the  nature  of  com- 
pound bodies  :  and  the  vanity  of  fix  of  Aris- 
totle's arguments  is  demonftrated,  which  arc 
urg'd  by  him  from  the  definition  of  fuch  mo- 
tions as  cannot  be  in  infinity,  and  from  fuch 
other  propofitions,  as  are  without  all  founda- 
tion, and  are  but  mere  begging  of  the  quc- 
ftion.     This  may  be  clearly  feen  by  our  ar- 
guments^ which  more  naturally  fliow  the  rea- 
fon  of  the  differences  and  determinations  of 
motion,  and  (as  far  as  the  place  and  occaiion 
permits)  explain  the  more  real  knowledge  of 
the  impulfe  of  Gravity  and  Levity  :  for  there 
we  (how  that   infinite   body  can  peither  be 
heavy  nor  light,  and  how  it  is,  that  finite  bo- 
dy receives  fuch  differences,  and  alfo  in  what 
cafes  it  docs  not.     Then  again  the  vanity  of 
Aristotle's  reafonings  is  made  apparent, 
who,  when  he  argues  againft  them  who  hold 
the  Univerfe  to  be  infinite,  fuppofcs  a  centre 
and  a  circumference  (the  very   thing  deny-d 
him)  and,  whether  the  world  be  finite  or  in- 
finite, will  needs  have  the  Earth  to  be  in  the 
midft  of  it.     In  fine,  there's  no  reafon  great 
or  fmall  produced  by  this  Philofopher  to  dc- 
ftf  oy  the  infinity  of  the  World,  either  in  hi« 

V       1    fi^ 
dbyLiOOgle 


Digitized  b 


INNUMERABLE  WORLDS.  331 

firft  book  de  Coelo  &  MundOy  or  in  his  third 
book  de  ^hyfica  aufcultationey  but  is  difcufs'd 
much  more  than  fufficiently. 

T!he  Argument  of  the  third  T>ialogue. 

IN  the  third  Dialogue,  firft  is  deny'd  tiiat 
pitiful  faney  of  the  figure  of  the  Spheres, 
and  the  number  or  divcrfity  of  the  Heavens  5 
as  it  is  on  the  contrary  affirm'd^  that  the  Hea- 
ven is  but  one,  being  the  general  fpace  which 
contains  infinite  Worlds  :  yet  we  deny  not 
but  there  may  be  an  infinite  number  of  Hea- 
vens, taking  this  word  in  another  fignifica- 
tion  5  for  as  this  Earth  has  its  heaven,  which 
is  that  region  of  fpace  wherein  it  moves  and 
performs  its  courfe,  fo  has  every  one  of  the 
other  innumerable  Worlds.  Then  is  fliown, 
what  occafion'd  the  imagination  of  fo  many 
and  fo  great  moveable  orbs,  figurated  fo  as 
to  have  two  external  furfaces  and  one  inter- 
nal concavity  5  with  fuch  other  receipts  and 
pills  as  caufe  naufeoufnefs  and  ftupor,  as  well 
in  thofe  that  prcfcribc,  as  in  thofe  that  fwai- 
iow  them, 

SECONDLY  is  Ihown,  that  the  general 
motion,  and  that  of  the  eccentrical  orbs,  and 
as  many  other  motions  as  are  or  can  be  a- 
fccib'd  to  the  faid  firmament,  are  all  chime- 
rical 5  and  that  they  are  nothing  elfe  but  the 
motion  of  the  Earth  upon  its  own  centre 
thro'  the  cgliptick,  together  with  four  parti- 
cular 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


332      JORDANO   BRUNO'S 

cular  differences  or  determinations  of  this 
fame  motion  :  whence  it  follows,  that  the 
proper  motion  of  every  ftar  is  taken  from 
the  difference  which  can  be  fubjediveJy  ve- 
rify'd  in  the  fame,  as  it  moves  of  itfelf  in 
the  fpacious  field  of  Ether,  This  confidera*- 
tion  will  convince  us,  that  all  the  arguments 
for  an  infinite  moveable  and  an  infinite  mo- 
tion, are  vain  5  and  purely  founded  on  their 
ignorance  of  the  motion  of  our  globe. 

THIRDLY,  it  is  made  plain,  that  every 
Star  has  its  motion  like  this  of  our  earth, 
and  like  thofe  others  whofe  vicinity  makes 
us  fenfibly  diflinguifli  the  particular  differences 
of  their  local  motions  :  but  yet  that  the  Suns, 
which  are  bodies  wherein  fire  is  predominant, 
move  othejrwife  (that  is  upon  their  own  cen- 
tres) than  the  Earths,  wherein  water  is  pre- 
dominant 5  and  thence  alfo  is  manifeftcd, 
whence  the  Light  proceeds  that  is  diffused  by 
the  flars,  of  which  fome  have  this  light  in 
themfelves,  and  fon\e  have  it  onely  by  re- 
fledioh  from  others. 

FOURTHLY,  is  fiiown,  how  bodies  the 
moft  diftant  from  the  Sun,  can  participate  of 
heat  equally  with  thofe  that  are  neareft  it : 
then  is  confuted  the  opinion  attributed  to  Epi- 
curus, that  one  Sun  was  fufficient  for  the 
whole  univcrfe  5  and  the  true  difference  is 
ftated,  between  thofe  Stars  that  twinkle,  and 
thofe  that  do  not. 

'  •       FIFTH: 

Digitized  by  LiOOgle       '      "* 


INNUMERABLE   WORLDS.  333 

FIFTHLY,  is  examined  the  opinion  of 
CusANUs  about  the  matter  and  habitablenefs 
of  the  W0f[ldsy  and  about  the  reafon  of  light. 

SIXTHLY,  how  that,  tho  fome  of  thofc 
bodies  have  light  and  heat  of  themfelves^  yet 
fot  all  this  the  fun  does  not  fhine  to  tlie  fun, 
as  neithter  the  earth  nor  the  fea  to  themfelves  5 
but  light  always  proceeds  from  the  oppofitc 
ftar,  as  we  fenfibly  fee  the  brightnefs  of  the 
whole  fea  from  fome  eminence  or  mountain, 
but  being  in  this  fame  fea  or  in  a  field,  we 
iec  no  more  of  it  bright,  than  as  £ir  as  the 
light  of  the  oppoltte  fun  or  moon  refleds 
upon  itiwithin  fome  very  fmall  dimenfion. 

&  E,Y ^  N  T  H  L  Y  is  exposed  the  foolery 
of  tlic  Peripatetic  quint  a  ejfentiay  or  fifth 
clement,  not  changeable  as  tl>e  o^her  four  : 
and  then  *tis  demonftrated,  that  all  fenfible 
bodies  whatfocver  are  of  no  other  nature  than' 
thole  of  this  earth  5  nor  confifting  of  any*  o- 
ther  principles  or  elements,  and  that  they 
move  no  otherwife  either  in  a  ftraight  line  or 
in  a  circle.  All  the  arguments  throughout 
are  accommodated  to  the  meaneft  capacity,  as 
Fracastorius,  a  learned  man,  accommodates 
hinlfclf  to  the  underftanding  of  Burchius, 
next  to  an  idiot :  and  'tis  made  evident  be- 
yond contradidion,  that  no  change  or  acci- 
dent happens  here,  but  the  fame  may  be  fup- 
pos'd  to  happen  there,   as  there  is  nothing 

feci> 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


334        JORDANO   BRUNO'* 

feen  from  hence  there,  but  (if  wc  confidcr 
aright)  the  fame  may  be  feen  from  theilce 
here ;  and  confequently  that  the  vulgarly  ad- 
mir'd  order  and  fcale  of  nature,  is  onely  a 
pleafing  dream,  or  rather  the  jargon  of  old 
doating  women. 

EIGHTHLY,  that  however  true  may  be 
the  diftinftion  of  elements ,  yet  that  the  vul- 
gar order  of  elements  is  neither  fenfible  nor 
intelligible  :  and,  even  according  to  Aris- 
totle himfelf,  the  four  elements  arc  equal- 
ly parts  or  members  of  this  Globe,  if  wc  do 
not  rather  make  water  predominant  5  whence 
the  ftars  are  properly  call'd  fometimes  water 
and  fometimes  fire,  as  well  by  the  tmc  na- 
tural Philofophers,  as  by  Prophets,  Divines, 
and  Poets,  who  in  this  point  did  neither  vend 
fables  nor  metaphors,  but  left  thofe  other 
clifmfy  SOphifters  to  fabulize  and  grow  chil- 
dren at  their  pleafure.  Thus  the  Worlds  arc 
undcrftood  to  be  thofe  heterogeneous  bodies, 
thofe  animals,  thofe  huge  globes,  wherein  the 
earth  is  no  more  heavy  than  the  other  de- 
ments I  and  whereof  all  the  parts  and  particles 
are  mov'd,  and  change  place  and  difpofition, 
no  othcrwife  than  as  the  blood,  humors,  fpi- 
rits,  and  infenfible  particles,  which  perpetual- 
ly flow  in  and  out  in  us,  and  in  the  other 
IcfTcr  animals*  On  this  occaflon  a  compari-' 
fon  is  made  of  the  Elements,  whereby  it  is 
found  that  the  Earth,  by  its  impulfe  towards 
the  center  of  its  own  bulk,  is  not  heavier 

^       ,  than 

Digitized  by  LiOOgle    '"'  '** 


INNUMERABLE  WORLDS,    as 

than  any  other  fimple  body  that's  an  ingre- 
dient in  the  compoittion  of  the  fame  5  and 
that  the  earth  of  itfelf  is  neither  heavy  nor 
light,  neither  afcends  nor  defcends,  but  that 
it  is  water  that  caufes  the  cohelion,  dcnfity, 
Ipiffitudc,  and  gravity  thereof. 

NINTHLY,  the  famous  order  of  the 
elements  being  thus  exploded,  next  comes 
the  true  account  of  thofe  fenfible  compound- 
ed bodies,  which  are,  as  fo  many  animals  or 
worlds,  in  this  fpacious  field  caird  Air,  or  sky, 
or  commonly  vacuum ;  wherein,  I  fay,  are  all 
tho£e  Worlds,  which  contain  animals  and  in- 
habitants no  lefs  than  ours,  fince  they  are  nei- 
ther inferior  in  aptitude  or  capacity,  nor  many 
other  requifite  qualities. 

TENTHLY,  after  fliowing  the  manner 
of  difputation  us'd  by  thofe  who  are  pertina- 
cioufly  addided  to  their  opinions,  and  by 
thofe  other  ignorant  fots  of  a  deprav'd  dif* 
pofition,  'tis  further  declar  d  how  paffionately 
they  are  for  the  moft  part  wont  to  conclude 
their  difputes  5  tho  there  be  others  fo  circum- 
fpcd,  that,  without  being  in  the  leaft  put  out  of 
countenance,  they  ftrivc  to  make  the  auditors 
believe  by  a  leer,  a  fmile,  a  fhrug,  or  a  cer- 
tain raodeft  malignity,  what  they  are  never 
able  to  prove  by  reafons.  With  thefe  petty 
artifices  of  courteous  contempt,  they  wou'd 
not  onely  cover  their  own  ignorance,  tho 
open  to  all  the  world  bcfides,  but  farther 

load 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


33<s        JORDANO  BRUNO'S 

load  their  advcrfarics  with  it :  for  they  come 
not  to  difputc  in  order  eitlier  to  find,  or  in- 
deed to  feck  the  Truth,  but  for  obtaining 
the  vidory,  and  to  appear  more  learned, 
or  to  be  counted  more  ftrenuous  cham* 
pions  of  the  contrary  itde ;  whence  thcfe  and 
the  like  ought  to  be  avoided  by  every  man, 
that  has  not  put  on  a  good  cuirajQTe  of  pa* 
tience. 

The  Argutnent  of  the  fourth  dialogue. 

IN  the  following  Dialogue,  firft,  a  ftiMt  repe- 
tition is  made  of  what  has  been  faid  elfe- 
where,  viz.  how  the  Worlds  are  in  number  in- 
finite, how  each  of  them  is  mov'd,and  is  formU 
Secondly,  the  like  tranfient  repetition  is  made 
of  the  anfwers  which,  in  the  fecond  Dialog;ue> 
were  given  to  the  arguments  againft  the  infinite 
cxtenfion  or  greatnefs  of  the  Univerfe.  Now, 
fince  the  immenfe  effeft  of  immenfe  adivity 
and  power  has  been  prov'd  by  many  reafons 
in  the  fiirft  Dialogue  >  and  that,  in  the  third 
Dialogue,  is  prov'd  the  infinite  multitude  of 
worlds :  we  do,  in  this  fourth,  refolve  the 
numerous  difliculties  of  Aristotle  againft 
the  fame ;  tho  this  expreffion  World  is  taken 
in  a  different  fenfe  by  Aristotlie,  firom  isirh^tt 
it  is  by  Democritus,  Epicurus,  and  others. 
He  therefore  from  natural  and  forc'd  motion, 
and  from  the  reafons  he  has  invented  for  both 
thefe,  would  infer  that  one  earth-  muft  ncccP 
farily  move  towards  another,  fuppofing  there 

be 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INNUMERABLE  WORLDS.  337 

be  more  than  one.    In  the  rcfolution  hereof, 
F I R  S  T  are  laid  foundations  of  no  fmall  im- 
portance,  to  difcovcr  the  true  principles  of 
natural  Philofophy. 

SECONDLY,  'tis  (howh,  that  tho  the 
furface  of  one  earth  had  been  contiguous  to 
that  of  another,  yet  the  parts  of  the  One 
wou'd  never  the  more  for  that  move  towards 
the  other  5  underftanding  this  of  the  hetero- 
geneous or  compounded  parts,  but  not  of  the 
atoms  and  fimple  corpiifcles :  and  on  this  oc- 
cafion,  a  larger  explication  is  given  of  the  na- 
ture of  gravity  and  levity. 

N 

THIRDLY  is  examined,  for  what  rcafort 
thefe  great  bodies  are  difpos'd  by  nature  at 
fuch  a  diftance,  and  not  rather  nearer  one  to 
another,  that  a  paffage  (forfooth)  might  be 
had  from  the  one  to  the  other :  and  here  a 
reafon  is  given  unto  him  who  has  a  deep  in- 
fight  into  things,  that  Worlds  ought  not  to 
be  plac'd  as  it  were  in  the  circumference  of 
the  Ether,  or  near  to  fuch  a  void  fpace  as  is 
deftitute  of  all  power,  vertue,  or  operation  j 
iince  thus  on  one  fide  they  wou'd  be  wholly 
and  abfolutely  deprived  of  the  means  to  have 
cither  life  or  light. 

FOURTHLY,  how  local  diftance  chan- 
ges the  nature  of  body,  or  when  it  does  not 
change  it :  and  how  it  is,  that  placing  a  ftonc 
cquidiftant  from  two  earths^  it  wou'd  remain 

Vol.  L  Y  ftill 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Hi        JORDANO  BRUNCVs 

ftill  there  5  or  from  what  caufc  it  ftiou'd  have 
a  determination  to  move,  rather  towards  one 
of  thefe  globes  than  the  other. 

PIFTHLY  it  is  prov'd,  how  much  Ari- 
stotle is  deceived,  when  in  bodies,  tho  ever 
fo  diftant  from  one  another,  lie  places  an  im- 
pulfe  of  gravity  or  levity  from  the  one  to- 
wards the  other :  and  the  caufe  is  affigtfd, 
whence  proceeds  what  is  call'd  the  dclire  of 
preferving  their  prefent  being,  how  ignoble 
foever,  in  all  things;  this  defire  being  the 
caufe  of  what  is  likewife  call'd  appetite  and 
averiion. 

SIXTHLY,  'tis  demonftrated,  that  dired 
motion,  or  motion  in  a  ftraight  line,  neither 
is  agreeable  nor  natural  to  the  Earth  or  to 
the  other  principal  bodies,  but  onely  to  the 
inconftituent  parts  or  particles  5  which,  if  not 
too  widely  feparated,  tend  to  fuch  bodies 
from  all  places  the  neareft  way. 

SEVENTH  L  Y,  an  argument  is  drawn 
from  Comets  to  prove,  that  it  is  not  true  that 
a  heavy  body,  however  remote,  has  an  im- 
pulfe  or  motion  towards  its  principal  or 
whole  5  this  fancy  not  being  built  on  true 
phyfical  principles,  but  on  the  gratuitous  fup- 
pofitions  of  the  Philofophy  of  Aristotle, 
who  forms  and  compounds  the  Comets  of 
thoic  parts  we  call  the  vapours  and  exhala- 
t^ioris  of  the  earth. 

EIGHTH- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


JNNUME?.ABLE  WORLDS.   339 

EIGHTHLY,  on  occafion  of  another 
argument,  (fhowing  the  Comets  to  be  real 
Planets  that  have  nothing  to  do  with  tl\\s 
earth)  'tis  proV'd  that  fimple  bodies,  whidi 
are  of  the  fame  fpecies  in  the  other  innume- 
rable Worlds,  arc  likewife  mov'd  every  where 
after  the  fame  manner  5  and  how  a  numeral 
makes  a  local  divcrfity,  how  every  part  has 
its  own  centre,  and  has  a  relation  to  the  com« 
jnon  centre  of  its  whole,  which  fort  of  cen- 
tre is  not  however  to  be  look'd  for  in  the 
Univerfe. 

NINTHLY  is  proved,  that  neither  bo*' 
dies  nor  their  parts  are  determined  to  above 
or  below,  otherwifc  than  a$  the  place  of  their 
prefcrvation  is  here  or  there. 

T  E NT H  L Y,  how  motion  is  infinite^  and 
what  moveable  it  is  that  has  an  infinite. ten^ 
4ency,  and  to  innumerable  compoittions :  yet 
'tis  proved,  that,  for  all  this,  there  follows  not 
a  gravity  or  levity  with  infinite  velocity  5  that 
the  motion  of  the  proximate  parts,  fo  far  as 
they  keep  their  being,  cannot  be  infinite  j  and 
that  an  impulfe  of  the  parts  towards  dicir 
Continent  or  Whole,  can  never  exift  bitt 
within  the  region  of  the  fame,  or  (as  we£af) 
in  the  fpherc  of  its  aftivity. 


Y  9  ru 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


j4o      JORDANO  BRUNd's 

The  Argument  of  the  fifth  dialogue. 

IN  the  beeinhing  of  the  fifth  Dialogue  is 
introduced  a  pcrfbn  cridow'd  with  a  more 
happy  genius,  and  who,  tho  bred  up  the  cort- 
trary  way,  yet  for  beings  able  to  judge  of 
what  he  heard  and  faw,  can  perceive  the  dif- 
ference between  the  one  and  the  bther  Phi- 
lofophy,  and  confequently  is  ealily  convinc'd, 
and  as  eafily  corrects  himfelf.  Mention  is 
made  of  them,  to  whom  Aristotle  appears 
to  be  a  miracle  of  nature  5  whereas  they, 
who  have  the  pooreft  underftanding,  and  com- 
prehend him  leaft^  are  they  who  magnify  him 
moil,  i^ext  are  given  reafons  why  we  ought 
to  have  pity  upon  fuch,  and  to  avoid  difpute* 
ing  with  them,  fince  there  is  nothing  to  be 
gain'd  with  them  but  lofs  of  time. 

HERE  Albeutinus,  the  new  Interlocu- 
tor, brings  twelve  Objeftions,  in  which  con- 
ftfts  all  the  force  of  the  doftrine  contrary  to 
the  plurality  and  multitude  of  Worlds. 

THE  firft  objection  is  taken  from  hence, 
that  without'the  World  there  is  neither  Place, 
nor  Time,  nor  Vacuum,  nor  Body  fimple,  nor 
compound. 

THE  fecond  objedion,  is  from  the  Onc- 
ncfs  of  the  mover. 

^       THE 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INNUMERABLE  WOrIdS.  341 

THE  third,  from  the  Places  of  moveable 
bodies. 

THE  fourth,  from  the  diftance  of  the  Ho^ 
rizons  from  the  Centre. 

THE  fifth,  from  the  contiguity  of  more 
orbicular  Worlds. 

THE  fixth,  from  the  triangular  Spaces  they 
muft  caufe  by  their  contact. 

THE  feventh,  from  an  aftual  infinite  which 
is  not  in  being,  and  from  a  determinate  num- 
ber not  more  reafonable  than  the  other  : 
from  which  objedion  we  can  equally,  if  not 
with  more  advantage,  infer,  that  number 
therefore  is  not  determinate,  but  infinite. 

THE  eighth  objeftion  is  taken  from  the 
terminatenefs  or  finitude  of  natural  things, 
juid  from  theu:  paffive  power  which  corrc- 
fponds  not  to  the  Divine  Efficacy  and  adivc 
Power:  but  here  it  is  to  be  confider'd,  how 
mighty  inconveniently  the  fixft  and  moft  high 
Being  is  compared  to  a  fidler,  who  has 
skill  to  play,  but  cannot  for  want  of  a  fid- 
dle 5  fo  that  he  is  one  that  can  do,  but  does 
not,  becaufc  that  thing  which  he  can  make 
cannot  be  made  by  him.  This  implies  a  more 
than  manifeft  contradidion,  which  cannot  but 

Y  ^  be 


Digitized 


by  Google 


34^        JORDANO  BRUNO'S 

be  fecn,  except  oncly  by  thofc  who  fee  no- 
thing. 

THE  ninth  objcdion,  is  taken  from  mo- 
ral goodnefs,  which  confifts  in  focicty. 

THE  tenth  is,  that  the  contiguity  of  one 
world  to  another  >  wou'd  mutually  hinder 
their  motions. 

THE  eleventh  and  laft  objedion  is,  that 
if  this  world  be  complete  and  perfect,  there 
is  no  reafon  it  fhould  join  itfelf  or  be  joined 
to  any  one  or  more  fuch  Worlds. 

THESE  are  the  Doubts,  Difficulties,  and 
Motives,  about  the  folution  whereof  I  have 
faid  enough  in  the  following  Dialogues,  to 
cxpofe  the  intimate  and  radicated  errors  of  the 
common  Philofophy,  and  to  fliow  the  weight 
and  worth  of  our  own.  Here  you'll  meet  with 
the  rcafons  why  we  Ihou'd  not  fear  that  any 
part  of  this  Univcrfc  (hould  fall  or  fly  off, 
that  the  leaft  particle  Ihou  d  be  loft  in  empty 
fpacc,  or  be  truly  annihilated  Here  you'll 
perceive  the  reafon  of  that  viciffimde  which 
may  be  obferv'd  in  the  conftant  change  of 
all  things,  whereby  it  happens,  that  there  is 
nothing  fb  ill  but  may  be;^l  us  or  be  pre- 
vented, nor  any  thing  fo  good  but  may  be 
"  Joft  or  obtained  by  us^  5  fince  in  this  infinite 
iicld  the  parts  and  modes  do  perpetually  va- 


Digitized 


by  Google 


INNUMERABLE   WORLDS.  345 

ry,  tho  the  fubftance  and  the  whole  do  eter- 
nally perfevere  the  fame. 

FROM  this  contemplation  (if  we  do  but 
rightly  confider)  it  will  follow,  that  we  ought 
never  to  be  difpirited  by  any  ftrange  acci- 
dents through  excefs  of  fear  or  pain,  nor 
ever  be  elated  by  any  profperous  event  thro 
cxcefs  of  hope  or  pleafure  5  whence  we  have 
the  way  to  true  Morality,  and,  following  it, 
we  wou'd  become  the  magnanimous  defpifers 
of  what  men  of  childifh  thoughts  do  fondly 
cfteem,  and  the  wife  judges  of  the  hiftory 
of  nature  which  is  written  in  our  minds,  and 
the  ftrid  executioners  of  thofe  divine  laws 
which  are  engraven  in  the  center  of  our 
hearts.  We  wou'd  know,  that  it  is  no  har- 
der thing  to  fly  from  hence  up  into  Heaven, 
than  to  fly  from  heaven  back  again  to  the 
Earth,  that  afcending  thither  and  defcending 
hither  are  all  one  5  that  we  are  no  more  cir- 
cumferential to  the  other  Globes  than  they 
are  to  us,  nor  they  more  central  to  us  than 
we  are  to  them,  and  that  none  of  'em  is 
more  above  the  ftars  than  we,  as  they  are  no 
iefs  than  we  covered  over  or  comprehended  by 
the  sky.  Behold  us  therefore  free  from  en- 
vying them !  behold  us  delivered  from  thq 
vain  anxiety  and  foolifh  care  of  defiring  to 
enjoy  that  good  afar  off,  which  in  as  great  a 
degree  we  may  poffefs  fo  near  hand,  and 
fcven  at  home !  Behold  us  freed  from  the  ter- 
ror that  they  ftiould  fall  upon  US;^  any  more 
Y  i  than 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


J44       JORDANO  BRUNO's 

than  we  Ihou'd  hope  that  wc  might  fall  up- 
on them  i  fince  every  one  as  well  as  all  of 
thofe  globes  are  fuftain'd  by  infinite  Ether, 
in  which  this  our  animal  freely  runs,  and 
keeps  to  his  prefcrib'd  courfe,  as  the  reft  of 
the  planets  do  to  theirs. 

D I D  wc  but  confider  and  comprehend  all 
this,  oh !  to  what  much  further  confiderations 
and  comprehenfions  Ihould  we  be  carry'd !  as 
we  might  be  furc  to  obtain  that  happinefs  by 
virtue  of  this  fcience,  which  in  other  fcicnces 
is  fought  after  in  vain.  This  is  that  Philofo- 
phy  which  opens  the  fenfes,  which  fatisfies 
the  mind,  which  enlarges  the  underftanding, 
and  which  leads  man  to  the  only  true  beati- 
tude whereof  he's  capable  according  to  his 
natural  ftate  and  conftitution  5  for  it  frees  him 
from  the  foUicitous  purfuit  of  pleafurc,  and 
from  the  anxious  apprehenfions  of  pain,  mak- 
ing him  enjoy  the  good  things  of  the  prcfent 
hour,  and  not  to  fear  more  than  he  hopes 
from  the  future  5  fince  that  fame  providence, 
or  fate,  or  fortune,  which  caufes  the  vicilli- 
tudes  of  our  particular  being,  will  not  let  us 
know  more  of  the  one,  than  we  are  ignorant 
of  the  other.  At  firft  fight  indeed  we  are  apt 
to  be  dubious  and  perplext:  but  when  wc 
more  profoundly  confider  the  effence  and  ac- 
cidents of  that  matter  into  which  we  arc  mu- 
table, we'll  find  that  there  is  no  death  attend- 
ing ours  or  the  fubftance  of  any  other  thing; 
fmcc  nothing  is  fubllantially  diminiflied,    but 

only 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INNUMERABLE  WORLDS.  345 

only  every  thing  changing  form  by  its  perpe- 
tual motion  in  this  infinite  fpace.  And  fee- 
ing every  thing  is  fubjeft  to  a  good  and  moft 
perfed  efficient  caufc,  we  ought  neither  to 
believe  nor  hope  otherwife,  than  that  as  every 
thing  proceeds  from  what  is  good,  fo  the 
whole  muft  needs  be  good,  in  a  good  ftate, 
and  to  a  good  purpofe  :  the  contrary  of  which 
appears  only  to  them  who  confidcr  no  more 
than  is  )uft  before  them,  as  the  beauty  of  an 
edifice  is  not  manifeft  to-  one  that  has  feen 
only  fome  fmall  portion  of  the  fame,  as  a 
jftone,  the  plaftering,  or  part  of  a  wall  5  but 
is  moft  charming  to  him  that  faw  the  whole, 
and  had  leifure  to  obferve  the  fymmetry  of 
the  parts. 

W  E  fear  not  therefore  that  what  is  accu- 
mulated in  this  world,  ftiould  by  the  malice 
of  fome  wandring  fpirit,  or  by  the  wrath  of 
fome  evil  genius,  be  (hook  and  fcatter  d  as 
it  were  into  fmoak  or  duft,  out  of  this  cupolo 
of  the  sky,  and  beyond  the  ftarry  mantle  of 
the  firmament :  nor  that  the  nature  of  things 
can  otherwife  come  to  be  annihilated  in  fub- 
ftance,  than  as  it  feems  to  our  eyes,  that  the 
air  contained  in  the  concavity  of  a  bubble  is 
become  nothing,  when  that  bubble  is  burft  5 
becaufe  we  know  that  in  the  world  one 
thing  ever  fucceeds  another,  there  being  no 
utmoft  bottom,  whence,  as  by  the  hand  of  an 
artificer,  things  arc  irreparably  ftruck  into  no- 
thing.    There  are  no  ends,  limits,  margins, 

or 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


346      JORDANO  BRUNO'S 

or  walls,  that  keep  back  or  fubftrad  any  par- 
cel of  the  mfinitc  abundance  of  things.  Thence 
it  is,  that  the  earth  and  fea  arc  ever  equally 
fertile,  and  thence  the  perpetual  brightnefs 
of  the  fun  $  eternal  fuel  circulating  to  thofc 
devouring  iires,  and  a  fupply  of  waters  being 
eternally  furnilh'd  to  the  evaporated  feas,  from 
the  infinite  and  ever  renewing  magazine  of 
matter :  fo  that  Democritus  and  Epicurus, 
who  aflcrted  the  infinity  of  things  with  their 
perpetual  variablenels  and  reftoration,  were  fo 
far  more  in  the  right,  than  he  who  endca- 
VQur'd  to  account  for  the  eternally  fame  ap- 
pearance of  the  Univerfe,  by  making  homo- 
geneous particles  of  matter  ever  and  numeri- 
cally to  fucgeed  one  another. 

LOOK  to  it  now,  Gentlemen  Aftrologers, 
with  your  humble  fervants  the  natural  PhUo* 
fophersi  and  fee  to  what  ufe  you  can  put 
your  Circles  that  are  defcrib'd  by  the  imagi- 
nary nine  movable  Spheres,  in  which  you  fo 
imprifon  your  brains,  that  you  feem  to  me 
like  fo  many  parrots  in  their  cages,  hopping 
^nd  daijcing  from  one  perch  to  another,  yet 
always  turning  and  winding  within  the  fame 
wires.  But  be  it  known  unto  you  that  fo 
great  an  Emperor  has  not  fo  narrow  a  palace, 
fo  miferable  a  throne,  fo  low  a  tribunal,  fo 
fcanty  a  court,  fo  little  and  weak  9  reprefen- 
tativci  as  that  a  fancy  can  bring  it  forth,  a 
dream  overlay  it,  madnefs  repair  it,  a  chimera 
fliattcr  it,  a  4ifaftcr  leiTen  it,  another  accident 

?ncrcaf(? 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INNUMERABLE   WORLDS.  347 

cncrcafc  it,  and  a  thought  make  it  perfed  a- 
gain,  being  brought  together  by  a  blaft,  and 
made  folid  by  a  (hake  s  'tis,  on  the  contrary, 
an  immenfe  portraiture,  an  admirable  image, 
an  exalted  figure,  a  moft  high  veftige,  an  in* 
finite  reprefentation  of  an  infinite  original, 
and  a  fpeftacle  befitting  the  excellency  and 
eminence  of  him  that  can  neither  be  imagined, 
nor  eonceiv'd,  nor  comprehended. 

THUS  the  excellency  of  Go p  is  magni- 
fy'd,  and  the  grandeur  of  his  Empire  made 
manifeft  ;  he's  not  glorify 'd  in  one  but 
in  numberlefs  Suns,  not  in  onp  Earth  or  in 
one  World,  but  in  ten  hundred  thou- 
fand,  in  infinite  Globes  :  fo  that  this  faculty 
of  the  intelled  is  not  vain  or  aubitrary, 
that  ever  will  and  can  add  fpace  to  fpacc, 
quantity  to  quantity,  unity  to  unity,  number 
to  number.  By  this  fcience  we  are  loofen'd 
from  the  chains  of  a  moft  narrow  dungeon,, 
and  fet  at  liberty  to  rove  in  a  moft  auguft 
empire  5  we  are  remov'd  from  conceited  boun- 
daries and  poverty,  to  the  innumerable  riches 
of  an  infinite  fpace,  of  fo  worthy  9  field,  and 
of  fuch  beautiful  worlds:  this  fcience  does 
not  (in  a  word)  make  a  horizontal  circle 
feign'd  by  the  eye  on  earth,  and  imagin  d  by 
the  fancy  in  the  fpacious  sky. 

THERE  are  other  worthy  and  honorable 
fruits  that  may  be  gathered  from  thefe  trees, 
other  precious  aiid  defireable  ctops  that  may 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


348        JORDANO  BRUNO'S 

be  reapt  from  thofe  feeds  I  have  fown  ^  which 
we  (hall  not  at  this  time  fpecify,  left  wc  im- 
portunately   foUicit   the   blind  envy  of  our 
adverfaries:    but  we  leave  'cm  to    be   col- 
lefted  by  the  difcretion  of  thofe  who  can  )udgc 
and  comprehend,  and  who  of  themfelyes  will 
be  eafily  capable  to  raife  on  the  foundations 
we  have  laid  the  entire  ftrufture  of  our  Philo- 
fophy.     The  particular  members  of  it  (if  fo  it 
plcafes  thofe  powers  that  govern  and  move  us, 
and  if  the  work  we  have  begun  comes  not  to 
be  interrupted)  wc  (hall  bring  to  the  defir'd 
perfcftion  :    that  what  is   fown  in  the  Dia- 
logues of  theCaufey  Principle y  andOnCy  and 
fprung  up  in  thefe  of  the  infinite  Univerfe 
and  numberlefs  Worlds  y  may  branch  out,  en* 
creafe,  grow  mature,  be  happily  reapt,   and 
as  much  as  poffible  give  content  in  other  Dir 
alogues  5  while  with  the  beft  corn  that  the 
foil  we  cultivate  can  produce  (after  winnow-r 
ing  it  from  fetches,  darnel,  weeds,  and  chajf) 
we  fill  the  granaries  of  ftudious  wits, 

I N  the  mean  time  (tho  I  be  certain  he  needs 
no  recommendation  to  you)  I  Ihall  not  be 
wanting  to  do  my  part,  by  cfFeftually  recom- 
mending one  to  your  Lordship,  whom  you 
are  not  to  entertain  among  your  domcftics 
as  having  need  of  him,  but  as  a  perfon  hav- 
ing need  of  you  for  fo  many  and  fo  great 
purpofes  as  you  here  fee.  Confider,  that  for 
having  fuch  numbers  at  hand  bound  to  fervc 
vou,  you  ape  thereby  nothing  4iffcrent  froni 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


INNUMERABLE  WORLDS.    349 

farmers,  bankers,  or  merchants 5  but  that 
for  having  a  man  deferving  to  be  by  you  en- 
couraged, protected,  and  affifted,  you  arc  in 
reality  (what  you  have  always  Ihown  your 
fclf  to  be)  like  unto  magnanimous  Princes, 
Heroes,  and  Gods,  who  have  ordain'd  fuch 
as  you  for  the  defence  of  their  friends.  I  put 
you  in  mind  of  what  I  know  is  fuperfluous 
to  do,  which  is,  that  you  can  neither  be  fo 
much  efteem'd  by  the  world,  nor  fo  accept- 
able to  God,  for  being  beloved  and  favoured 
by  the  greateft  monarch  on  earth,  as  for  lov- 
ing, cherifliing,  and  maintaining  fuch  as  thcfej 
for  there  is  nothing  that  your  fuperiours  in 
fortune  can  do  for  you,  but  you  may  do  more 
for  them  by  fuperiour  virtue ,  which  will  laft 
longer  than  the  remembrance  of  their  favors 
in  your  pidures  or  tapcftries :  but  you  can 
do  that  for  others  which  may  be  written  in 
the  book  of  eternity,  whether  it  be  the  volume 
which  is  feen  on  earth,  or  that  other  which 
is  believ'd  to  be  in  heaven  5  in  as  much  as 
whatever  you  receive  from  others  is  a  tefti- 
mony  of  their  virtue,  but  whatever  you  do 
for  them  is  an  exprefs  fign  and  indication  of 
your  own.    Farewell. 


Digitized 


byGoOTle 


350        BOOKS    ASCRIBED 


vC!^^ 


'my 


s,:?'^^^;. 


CATALOGUE 

OF 

BOOKS 

Mcntion'd  by  the  Fathers  and  other  ancient 
Writers,  as  truly  or  falfely  afcrib'd  to  J  e- 
sus  Christ,  hisAposTLES,  and  other 
eminent  perfons. 


T  O 

A  PERSON    OF    (QUALITY 

I  N 
HOLLAND. 

I H  A  T  you  fay  has  been  told  you, 
Sir,  by  feveral  Perfons,  is  very 
true  5  that  I  have  publifh'd  fome- 
thing  relating  to  the  Canon  oy 
THE  New  Testament,  which 
has  made  no  fmall  noife  here.  And,  as  in 
all  things  it  is  as  much  my  inclination  as  it 

is 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO  THE  APOSTIES,  &c.     351 

is  my  duty  to  obey  you,  fo  I  fliall  now, 
(  without  further  delay )  do  my  felf  the  ho- 
nour of  imparting  to  you,  according  to  your 
defirc,  both  the  occafion  and  the  contents  of 
that  writing. 

THE  celebrated  Milton  is  no  lefs  known 
to  you,  Sir,  than  he's  to  all  the  curious  out 
of  England,   by  the  penetration  and  folidity 
of  his  judgment,  as  well   as  by  the  laudable 
purity  (I  wilh  I  could  not  fay,  and  by  the  ex- 
ceffive  iharpnefs)  of  his  Latin  ftile^   cxpreft 
in  his  Tie  fence  of  the  Teople  af  England  Zr 
gainft  Salmasius,  alfo  in  his  Letters  of  States 
in  thofe  to  \m  familiar  Friends^   and  in  his 
defences  for  himfelf   But  thefe  (if  I  am  al- 
lowed a  competent  Judge)   are  mean  perfor- 
mances in  comparifon  of  his  moft  excellent 
Epic  Poem  in  our  Englifh  tongue,   entitul'd, 
Varadife  loft :  neither  do  we  think  ourfelves 
to  be  at  all  partial  to  our  Country,   nor  yet 
arc  we  afraid  to  be  thought  very  ill  Critics  ^ 
when  in  the  plenty  and  choice  of  his  words, 
in  the  propriety  and  elegance  of  his  expref- 
iions,   in  the  juftnefs   and  fublimity  of  his 
thoughts,    in  the  beauty  of  his  epifodes,  and 
in  the  judicious  difpofition  of  his  whole  fable, 
x^c  cfteem  him  nothing  inferior  to  Homer 
or  Virgil,  to  whom  wc  only  yield  the  pre- 
cedence of  Time,  and  the  glory  of  Invention  J 
Milton  has  alfo  in  Englilh  profe  publifli'd  fo 
many  valuable  Pieces  in  Politics,   Divinity, 
Hiftory,   and  concerning   diverfc  other  fub- 

lefts,. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


352        BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

jc&Sy  that  wc  ever  counted  him  one  of  our 
firft-ratc  Authors  s  and  therefore  juftly  deferving 
to  have  the  Hijiory  of  his  Life  tranfmitted 
to  pofterity.  This  task.  Sir,  at  the  defire  of 
feveral  worthy  perfons,  I  willingly  under- 
took :  as  having  been  no  lefs  converfant  with 
his  works  -  (which  kindled  in  me  a  love  for 
his  memory)  than  with  many  of  his  intimate 
friends  and  acquaintance  5  who,  beftdcs  other 
informations,  readily  prefented  me  with  what 
Manufcripts  of  his,  or  any  way  relating  to 
him,  they  had  in  their  hands.  I  can  modcft- 
ly  affirm,  that  I  gave  fatisfadion  to  his  ad* 
mirers,  without  being  reputed  partial  by  his 
enemies,  not  one  of  them  pretending  that  I 
had  in  any  thing  mifreprefented  him. 

THE  Book  however  was  not  long  abroad 
before  it  was  attacked  on  another  fcore  by 
Mr.  Blackball  (then  one  of  King  Wil- 
liam's Chaplains,  and  fmce  madcBifliopof 
Exeter  by  Queen  Anne)  in  a  Sermon  preach'd 
before  the  lower  houfe  of  Parliament.  For 
he  was  offended  to  the  higheft  degree,  that 
I  had,  in  this  Life^  occasionally  feconded 
thofe,  who  alTerted  the  fpurioufnefs  of  Icon 
Bajilike  (i),  a  Book  that  paft  every  where  for 
the  genuine  produdion  of  King  Charles  the 
firft  i  and  fo  made  a  very  natural  obfervatioa 
fin  this  forgery  in  the  following  words: 
<*  When  I  fcrioufly  conftder  how  all  this  hap- 

<'  pcn'd 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO  THE   APOSTLES,  &c.     35^ 

*^  pcn'd  among  our  felves  within  the  compafs 
^^  of  forty  ycars>  in  a  time  of  great  Learning 
*^  and  Politenefs,  when  both  parties  fo  nar- 
*^  rowly  watch'd  over  one  another's  adions, 
*'  and  what  a  great  revolution  in  civil  and 
<^  religious  affairs  was  partly  occafion  d  by  the 
<^  credit  of  that  Bpbk,  I  ceafe  to  wonder  any 
*^  longer  how  fo  many  fuppofititious  Pieces 
*^  under  the  Name  of  Christ,  his  Apoftles, 
'^  and  other  great  Perfons,  fhould  be  publifti'd 
^^  and  approved  in  thofe  primitive  times,  when 
^^  it  was  of  fo  much  importance  to  have  ^em 
*'  bcliev'd  5  when  the  cheats  were  too  many 
5^  on  all  fides  for  them  to  reproach  one  ano- 
**  ther,  which  yet  they  often  did  5  when  com^ 
'^  merce  was  not  near  fo  general  as  now,  and 
^^  the  whole  earth  entirely  over-fpread  with 
*^  the  darknefs  of  fuperftition.  I  doubt  rather 
*^  the  fpurioufnefs  of  feveral  more  fuch  Books 
^'  is  yet  undifcover'd,  thro  the  remotenefs  of 
^*  thofe  ages,  the  death  of  the  perfons  con- 
*^  cern'd,  and  the  decay  of  their  Monuments, 
<^  which  might  give  us  true  information* 

THO'  I  faid,  that  a  great  many  fpurioiis 
Books  were  early  fathered  on  Christ,  his  A- 
poftles,  and  other  great  names,  part  whereof 
are  ftill  acknowledged  to  be  gcnuin,  and  the 
reft  to  be  forg'd  5  yet  in  neither  of  thofe  af- 
fertions  I  could  be  juftly  fuppos'd  to  mean  the 
Books  of  the  New  Tcftamcnt.  However, 
Dr.  Blackhall  did,  out  of  the  twin-fpirits 
of  zeal  and  revenge,   pofitivcly  affurc.  the 

Vol.  L  7$  Members 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


554        BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

Members  of  that  auguft  Aflembly  (who  vircrc 
more  clearfighted  and  equitabjc  than  to  receive 
his  accufation)  that  1  had  likewife  as  exprefs- 
ly  caird  in  doubt,  the  Books  now  received  for 
Canonical  by  the  whole   Chriftian  Church. 
We  may  ceafe  to  wonder ,    faid  he,   that  he 
fbould  have  the  boldnefsy  without  proofs  and 
againji  proof y  to  deny  the  Authority  of  that 
Booky  [the  Icon  Basilike]  who  is  fuch  an  In- 
fidel as  to  doubt y  and  is  fhamelefs  and  in^u- 
dent  enough y  even  in  print y  and  in  a  Chrifti- 
'  an  Country y  publickly  to  affront  our  holy  Reli- 
giony  by  declaring  his  doubt  that  fever al  Pieces 
under  the  name  of  Chriji  and  his  Apofiles 
{he  mud  mean  thofe  now  received  by  the 
whole  Chrijlian  Churchy  for  I  know  of  no 
other^  are  fuppofititious  5   tho'  thro"  the  re- 
mot  enefs  of  thofe  agesy  the  death  of  t  he  per- 
fons  concern' dy  and  the  decay  of  other  Monu- 
ments which  might  give  us  true  Informationy 
the  fpurioufnefs  thereof  is  yet  undifcovefd. 

Dr.  Blagkhall,  you  fee,  affirms  that  I  muft 
intend  the  Books  now  received  by  the  whole 
Chriftian  Churchy  for  he  knows  of  no  other: 
whereby  he  betray'd  a  moft  fliameful  igno- 
rance of  Ecclefiaftical  Antiquity.  By  the 
Books  of  Vfhoitfpurioufnefs  I  faid  the  world 
was  not  yet  convinc'd,  tho*  in  my  private  o- 
pinion  I  cou'd  not  think  them  genuine,  I 
meant  the  fuppos'd  Wfitlngs  of  certain  A- 
poftolic  men  (as  they"  call  them)  which  arc 
at  this  prefcnt^  as  Veil  as  in  antient  times, 

read 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO   THE   APOSTLES,  &c.     355 

rtad  with  extraordinary  veneration.  And  they 
are  the  Epijlle  of  Barnabas,  the  T  aft  or  of 
Hermas,  the  Epftle  of  Polycarpus  to  the 
^hilippiansy  the  Jirji  Epijlle  of  Clemens 
Romanus  to  the  Cor inth tans y  and  the  feveh 
Epiftles  of  Ignatius.  They  are  generally 
receiv'd  as  Apoftolical,  tho  not  Canonical,  in 
the  Church  of  Rome,  and  alfo  by  moft  Pro- 
tcftants. 

I  did  immediately  publifli  a  Defence  of 
Milton's  Life,  which  for  that  reafon  I  en- 
titled jimyntoTy  from  a  Greek  word  I  need 
not  explain  to  you.  And  to  convince  the 
world  that  I  did  not  intend  by  thofe  Pieces 
the  Books  of  the  New  Tcftament,  as  well  as 
to  fliew  the  rafhnefs  and  uncharitablenefs  of 
Dr.  Blackhall's  affertion,  I  inferred  in  it  a 
large  Catalogue  of  Books  antiently  afcrib'd 
to  Jesus  Christ,  his  Apoftles,  thek  Acquain- 
tance, Companions,  and  Contemporaries.  This 
is  the  Catalogue  you  defire  to  fee  5  and  I  fend 
it  you  very  much  enlarged,  and  more  com- 
picat  than  any  hitherto  publilh'd. 

BUT  fuch  as  it  was  in  Amyntoty  it  met 
with  a  favourable  reception  among  the  learn- 
ed abroad,  and  particularly  with  the  no  lefs 
.  learned  than  laborious  Profeflbr  (2)  Fabricius 
of  Hamburg,  who  fome  years  after  publifli'd 
himfelf  a  Codex-Apocryphus  Novi  Teftamenti. 

(0  BtUhtheca  Gra^ca,  VhAv.cap.  5. 5. 15* 

Z      2  Digitized  by  GcAnd 


356       BOOKS   ASCRIBED 

And  the  moft  candid  Pfaffius,  Profcffor  at 
Turinge,  after  mentioning  Monfieur  Daille, 
Pather  Simon,  Dr.  Ittigius,  and  Dr.  Grabe, 
who  wrote  before  tne  5  with  Dr.  Mill,  and 
Dr.  Fabricius,  who  have  written  after  mc, 
calls  it  a  {3)  remarkable  Catalogue. 

AND  now.  Sir,  I  have  acquainted  you 
with  the  reafons  which  induced  nie  to  write 
my  Amy  nt  or  J  I  fliall  by  way  of  Conclufion, 
add  a  fhort  but  fufficient  account  of  the  Wri- 
tings that  it  gave  occafion  to  be  publifli'd. 
My  principal  Antagonifts  were  four  Divines : 
namely,  the  felf-fame  Dr.  Blackball, 
Mr.  Clarke,  fince  a  Dodor  of  Divinity, 
Mr.  Nye  Reftor  of  Little  Hormead  in  Hart- 
fordftiire,  and  Mr.  Richards  on,  a  Nonjuror, 
iincc  that  time  deceas'd.  For  my  not  reply- 
ing to  them  hitherto,  nor  to  fome  others 
that  have  drawn  their  pens  againft  me  on  the 
fame  fcore,  lias  been  equally  free  from  the 
fpirit  of  conceited  arrogance  or  confcious  ti- 

(3)  Quod  vero  eos  attinet,  qui  vel  pltDc  fappofiticiom 
cenfent  efle  Kovum  Teftamentum^  aut  fahem  maximam 
illius  partem,  quod  veteres  Haeretici  magno  numero  artor 
trati  ^uty  nova  £vangelia»  Ada,  Literas,  Apocalypfcs,  a- 
liofque  libellos  orbi  Chriftiano  obcrudentes,  quorum  (prae' 
ter  fummos  viros  Jo.  Alb.  Fabricium  in  Codice  Apocrypbo 
Kovi  Teftamcnti,  To.  Erneft.  Grabium  in  Spicllegto  Pa- 
tnim,  itemque  Jo.  MiJlium  in  Prolegomon.  ad  Novum  Tet* 
part.  2.  &  quos  primum  nominare  debebam,  Ja  Dallae- 
tim,  Ric.Simonium,  Tha  Ittigium  aliofque)  infignem  dedit 
Catalogum  Jo.  Tolandus  in  Amyntore.  Part  i.  pag.  ao— 
38.  In  Vijfert,  Crtt.  L'tbrofum  NcviTefiamtfitl  Li^tme  rite  invef' 
iiiganda.  Caf.  i.  (.i, 

morouf^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  &c.    $$7 

moroufncfs.  There  are  Books,  it's  true,  whofe 

Authors  underftand  fo  little  of  the  fiibjed  in 

debate,  and  who  rail  fo  unnieafurabJy  againft 

thofe  they   cannot  confute  (among  which  I 

am  far  from  reckoning  the  laft  three  of  the 

four  I  have  juft  nam'd)   that  without  being 

over  proud,  they  deferve  no  attention,  much 

lefs  a  reply.     Nor,    generally  fpeaking,  do 

fuch  Books  meet  with  any  readers,  but  thofe 

whofe  judgment  no  body  values.     On  the  o- 

ther  hand,  when  a  man  is  attacked  by  feveral 

confiderable  Perfons  one  after  another,  I  think 

not  only  in  good  manners  he  ought  to  give 

'em  the  hearing  without  any  interruption,  till 

they  have  once  done  j  but  likewife  to  fit  ftill 

in  point  of  prudence,   that  he   may  not  be 

obligM  to  eternal  repetitions,   or  to  write  a- 

gainft  every  one  of  them  feparately,  to  the 

great  fatigue  both  of  the  Readers  and  him- 

felf.      Moreover  it  frequently  happens,  that 

many  Anfwerers  confound  themfelves  by  their 

mutual  contradiftions ;  the  one  commending 

and  approving,  what  the  other  blames  and 

condemns    in  an  Author,    which   has   been 

more  than  once  my  very  cafe  :    befides  that 

the   laft  Anfwercr  feems  to  acknowledge  in 

feme  fort,  as  if  the  reft  had  not  fucceeded 

in  their  efforts,   fmce  if  they  had,    it  muft 

needs  have  been  fuperfluous  for  him  to  write 

after  them.    I  (hall  not  forget,  on  this  occa- 

iion,   what  thofe  two  bright   ornaments  of 

ail  ufeful  and  polite  Learning  Monfieur  Bas- 

jTAGE  and  Monfieur  Le  Clerc  have  reply'd, 

Z  3  the 


Digitized 


by  Google 


358         BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

the  one  to  Mr.  Richardson,  the  otha:  to 
Mr.  DoDWELL,  upon  the  account  of  the  fa- 
mous paflfage  I  quoted  in  Amyntor  from  this 
laft  Gentleman  ;  tho'  without  any  rcfledion 
from  cither  of  thofe  illuftrious  Forcncrs,  a- 
gainft  my  Book  or  my  Perfon.  But  the  Jt- 
fuits  of  Trevoux  have  taken  care  not  to  be 
guilty  of  fuch  an  untheological  fault,  which 
proceeding  therefore  juftly  entitles  them  to  a 
greater  (hore  in  my  remembrance, 

I  am  with  the  profoundeft  rcfpcfl  and  ve- 
neration. 


Sir, 


Your  moft  faithful 
and  obedient  S^xvmt. 


Digitized 


by  Google 


TO  tHE   APOSTLES,  &c     359 

A  CATALOGUE  of  Books  mentiorid  by 
the  Fathers  and  other  ancient  Writer Sy  as 
tjtiely  or  falfely  afcrib'd  to  Jesus  Christ, 
his  Apostles,  and  other  eminent  Ter-- 
fons  i  or  of  fuch  Books  as  do  immediately 
concern  the  fame  :  fome  of  which  Tieces 
are  fiill  extant  entire^  mofi  of  which  fhall 
be  markt  in  their  places ,  tho  the  Frag- 
ments only  of  the  great  eft  part  remain^ 
and  but  the  bare  Titles  of  others. 


CHAPTER    L 

Books  reported  to   be  writteri  by  JESUS 
himfelf  (nr  that  particularly  concern  him. 


\  HE  Letter  of  J  e  s  u  s  i»  anfwer 
to  that  ^Abgarus  King  of 
Edeff?.  Eufeb.  Hift.  Ecclef.  1. 1. 
r.  13.  NicEPHORUs  fays  he 

wrote  it  with  his  own  hand.     Hift.  Ecclef. 

/.  2.  c.  7.    You  may  alfo  confult  Procopius, 

CEDRENU6,r  CONSTANTINUS  PORPHYROGENi» 

HETUS  inManipulo  Combefisii,  pag.  79,  &c» 

\^ 

25  4  a:  THE 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


360      BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

2.  THE  Epiftle  of]Esvs  to  Peter  and 
Paul,  jiuguflin.  contra  Faufi.  l.  is.  c.  13. 
Idftn  de  Confenfu  Evangeliji.  l.i.  c.  9-  But 
the  forger  of  this  piece  forgot,  that  Paul 
waj5  neither  a  Chriftian,  nor  an  Apoftle,  till 
after  the  death  of  Christ. 

3.  TH^Tarahles  and  Sermons  of  Christ. 
Eufeb.  flift.  Ecclef.  1. 3.  r.  39. 

•  4.  A  H  Y  M  N  which  Christ  fecretly  taught 
his  Difciples  and  Apoftles.  Auguftin.  Epift. 
Ad  Ceretium  Efifcopum.  Edit.  BenediStin. 

5.  A  BOOK  of  the  Magic  i/ Christ, 
or  the  Art  whereby  he  wrought  his  Miracles : 
if  it  be  not  the  fame  with  the  Epiftle  to  Pe- 
ter and  Paul  ?  Auguftin.  de  Confenfu  E- 
^angelift.  /.  i.  c.  9, 10, 

€.  A  ^O  OK  of  the  Nati'Oity  of  Jesus, 
of  the  holy  Virgin  his  Mother,  and  her  Mid- 
wife. Gelafius  in  DecretOy  apud  Gratian. 
pirt.x.  diftinif.  15.  can*^.  But  I  believe  this 
to  be  the  fame  with  the  Qofpel  of  James^ 
whereof  in  its  due  order, 

•  7.  T  H  E  R  E  was  in  the  fixth  Century  a  Let- 
ter handed  about,  and  read  from  their  Pulpits 
by  fome  Bifliops,  as  written  by  Christ,  and 
dropt  dbwn  from  Heaven.    Aguirr.  torn.  2. 

colleif. 


Digitized 


by  Google 


TO  THE  APOSTI^ES,  &c.     361 

collect,  max.  Concilior.  Hijpan.  pag.  42  a. 
Tis  extant,  and  fcrv'd  for  a  model  to 
thofc  other  barbarous  Epijiles  of  the  fame 
nature  that  were  feigned  in  later  times,  but 
with  which  therefore  we  have  nothing  to  do. 

8.  A  GREAT  many  JW//;;r^j  attributed  to  ^ 
Christ,  but  not  recorded  in  the  New  Tejia- 
tnenty  are  to  be  read  in  the  Fathers j  in  fomc 
various  readings  of  the  Gojpels,  and  particu- 
larly in  the  Alcoran  (with  other  Mahometan 
Authors)  who  had  them  out  of  the  Gojpel 
of  BaIinabas,  and  fuch-like  pieces  Ipecify'd 
in  this  Catalogue. 

C  H  A  P  T  E  R    IL 

MARY. 

\.  \  N  Epijiie  to  Ignatius,  which  is 
jL\^  now  extant  among  his  Wprks.  It 
is  evident  from  Bernard  of  Clairval  and. 
others,  that  there  were  formerly  more  than 
one  fuch  Epiftle.  We  Have  like  wife  Igna- 
Tius's  Anfwer. 

2.  ANOTHER  Epiftle  to  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Mcflina  in  Sicily,  in  the  penning  of 
which  the  Evangelift  Luke  was  the  Virgins 
fecretary.  Melchior  Inchofer,  a  Jefuite, 
wrote  a  whole  folio  to  prove  this  Letter 
(which  is  now  extant)  to  be  authentic: 
but  when  Gabriel  N_a ude  alledg'd  fe- 

vcral 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


36Z      BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

vcral  reafons  to  him  in  difcourfc,  to  ftiow  it 
was  fpurious  5  Inchofep.  anfwcr'd,  that  he 
knew  ail  this  as  well  as  himfelf,  and  that  he 
bclicv'd  nothing  of  the  matter,  but  that  he 
publifh'd  the  Book  in  obedience  to  his  fupe- 
riors :  he  might  have  added,  and  for  an  am- 
ple reward  from  the  Magiftrates  of  Mcffina. 
Tkus,  fays  the  moft  judicious  Naud^  in  the 
Naudeandy  are  Errors  and  "Deceits  Jhread 
in  the  world  5  and  tlfus  are  fimpU  Souls  tnif- 
led  at  all  times.  By  the  way,  the  Cathedral 
of  MefTina  is  hence  call'd  Madonna  della 
Lettera :  and  fuch  another  Letter  was  forg'd 
by  the  Florentines,  to  rival  the  Sicilians  5  or 
at  leaft,  that  their  City  and  Pricfts  might  pro- 
fit as  much  by  this  fraud  as  did  the  others. 

3.  A  BOOK  of  the  Nativity  of  the 
Virgin  Mary  is  ftill  extant,  and  ufually 
publim'd  with  Jerom's  works,  as  if  it  had 
been  tranflated  by  him  out  of  Hebrew,  It 
is  in  fome  Copies  (for  they  are  very  diffe- 
rent) attributed  to  Matthew,  and  is  quoted 
by  Gregory  Nyssen,  Augustine,  and  other 
Fathers. 

4-  I  FANCY  this  laft  Book  may  be  the 
fame  with  the  Hijiory  and  Traditions  of 
Mary,  mention  d  by  Epiphanius,  Haeref  29, 
n.s.  Alfo  a  certain  Seleucus  (or  rather 
Leucius)  the  moft  prodigious  Book-forger 
fh^t  ^vct  waS|  made  a  Nativity  of  JAaky^^ 


Digitized 


by  Google 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  &c.    j^i 

which  may  be  this  very  work,  tho  not  en- 
tirely as  we  now  have  it. 

5.  A  B  O  O  K  about  the  Death  of  the  Vir- 
gin Mary,  is  faid  by  Lambbcius  to  lie  un- 
publifl\*d  in  the  Emperor's  Library.  Bibtio-^ 
thee.  Vindobon.  Hm.  4.  pug.  131.  Such  a 
Manufcript  is  to  be  found  in  fomc  other  Li- 
braries. 

«.  WE  fliall  not  infift  on  the  Book  <rf 
Mary,  concerning  the  Miracles  of  Christ, 
and  the  Ring  of  King  Solomon.  The  very 
Title  is  more  than  fufficient. 

7.  THE  Book  of  the  Virgin  Mary  and, 
her  Midwife ,  rejeftcd  in  the  decree  of 
Gelasius,  is  no  doubt  the  fame  with  the 
Vrot(hevangelionoi]KM.^s :  a  mo6i  ridiculous 
Romance,  of  which  more  hereafter. 

8.  THE  greater  and  lejfer  :§lueftims  of 
Mary.  Epiphan.  Haeref.  26.  n.i. 

9.  THE  Book  of  the  Trogeny  of  Mjlry, 
if  it  be  not  rather  the  fame  with  her  HifiorjF 
and  Traditions  abovc-ni?ntion'df  Bpiphan..^ 
Haeref.  2$,  n.\%. 


CHAP: 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


}tf4       BOOKS     ASCRIBED 
'  CHAPTER    m. 

PETER. 

i.np'HE  Gojpel  of  Peter.  Origin. 
£  torn.  II.  Comment,  in  Matt.  Eufeb. 
HiJtlEcclef.  I.  J.  c.  3, 25.  Idemy  I.  6.  c.  12. 
Hieronym.  in  Catalogo  Script.  Ecclef.  c.  \. 
Theodorit.  Haeretic.  fabul.  I.  2.  c.  2,  ^c. 
Tis  likcwifc  mentioned  in  fomc  Copies  of 
the  Gel  ASIAN  Decree :  and  was  perhaps  the 
Gojpel  of  the  Naz^renSj  of  which  hereafter. 

2.  THE  u^i^x  ^ Peter/  Origen.  torn.  21. 
Comment,  in  Joan.  Clem.  Alex.  Stromat.  1. 7. 
Eufeb.  Hifi.  Ecclef  /.  3.  r.  3.  Hieronym.  in 
Catal.  Ifidor.  Telujiot.  1. 1.  Epift.  99.  Thu 
lajir.  in  Haeref  %?•  &  Gelaf.  in  T>ecreto. 

3.  THE  Revelation  ^ Peter,  which  (ac- 
cording to  Z020MEN,  Hiji.  Ecclef  I.  7. 
r.i90  was  read  once  a  year  in  fome  Chixrches 
of  Paieftlne,  the  People  devoutly  fading  all 
that  day.  Clem.  Alex,  non  femel,  &  in 
Epitom.  Theodot.  Eufeb.  Hift.  Ecclef  1. 3. 
c.  3,25.  etiam  1. 6.  c.  14.  Hieronym.  in  Ca- 
tal. c.i.  Nicephor.HiJl. Ecclef  Liz.  ^.34^ 
&  in  Stichometriis. 

4.  THE  Revelation  of  Peter,  whereof 
Jacobus  a  Vitriaco  fpeaks  in  his  Epiftlc  to 
Pope  HoNORius  the  third,  was  a  different 
and  more  novel  forgery.  ^.  THE 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


TO  rut  AiPOSTLES,  &c.    365 

5.  THE  Epjfle  of  Fetek  to  Ci.emens^ 
is  ftill  fhown  in  the  Ethiopic  language  by  the 
Eaftern  Chriftians.  Tillemont.  Hiji.  Ecclef. 
torn.  I.  part.  2.  pag.  497* 

6.  T  H  E  Epijile  of  Clemens  to  James 
being  publifh'd  at  the  head  of  the  Clementine 
Recognitions^  Cotelerius  has  inferred  ano- 
ther Epijile  of  Peter  to  James,  in  torn.  !• 
^afr.  Apojtolic.  pag.  6oi. 

7.  SOME  think  Peter  alludes  to  fomc 
Epiftle  of  his,  now  loft,  in  the  12th  vcrfe 
of  the  5  th  chapter  of  his  firft  Epiftle.  But 
the  Epiftle^  which  Pope  Stephen  the  third 
ient  in  Peter's  name  to  King  PepiN  and  his 
two  fons,  is  nothing  to  our  purpofe,  being  fo 
modern  an  Impofturc. 

8.  THE  "Doiirine  of  Peter,  if  this  be 
4iot  fome  part  of  the  Recognitions  I  Origen. 
in  Vraefat.  ad  libros  Trincipiorum.  Gregor. 
Nazianz.  Epift.  1 6.  Elias  Levita  in  ^otis 
ad  Nazianzeni  Orationem  ad  Gives  trepi- 
dantes. 

9.  THE  breaching  of  Vetek.  Origen. 
torn.  14.  in  Joan.  Idem  in  Traefat.  ad  Iwros 
^rincipior.  Clem.  Alex.  Stromat.  I.  i,  2,  6. 
Eufeb.  Hilt.  Ecclef.  I.3.  c.i.zs.  Ladiant.  1. 4, 
r*  21^  Autor  lihri  de  Baptifmo  inter  opera 

^  Cypri- 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  t 


366        BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

Cypriani.  Hieronym.  in  CataL  Joan.  T^amor 
fceh.  Taralkl.  Li.  c.i6. 

10.  THE  Liturgy  of  Peter,  publifh'dby 
LiNDANUS  at  Antwerp,  in  the  year  15S8, 
and  at  Paris  in  the  year  1595*  There  is  A 
Liturgy  likewifc  attributed  to  Mary,  and 
one  to  Christ  himfeif,  tho  we  have  not 
thought  fit  to  infcrt  them  under  their  refpec- 
tive  heads. 

11.  THE  Itinerary  or  Journeys  of  Peter 
(mention'd  by  Epiphanius,  Haeref.  30.  n. 
15.  and  by  Athanasius,  in  Synopji  Serif  tu- 
rar.)  I  believe  to  be  tlie  fame  with  the  Re- 
cognitions  of  Clement  ftiU  extant ,  and 
coniifting  of  ten  books,  where  the  pretended 
Clemens  gives  a  very  particular  account  of 
Peter's  voyages  and  performances.  Thefe 
^eriods^  or  Toiirs,  are  recorded  by  Origen, 
^hilocal.  r,  2  3 .  by  Jerom,  contra  Jovinian. 
1. 1,   and  are  rcjefted  in  the  decree  of  Ge- 

LASIUS. 

12.  THE  Trecepts  of  Vetek  and  Paul 

come  under  another  head. 

13.  THE  Jui^ment  of  Veter.  Hiero- 
nym. in  Catah  Bern  Ruffinus  in  expojitiane 
Symboli.  I  wifh  we  had  it,  for  the  title  is 
pretty  particular. 

.    14.  THE 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  &c.    367 

14.  THE  Dijputation  ^  Peter  and  A- 
pioN.  Hieronym.  in  Catal.  &  ante  eum 
Eufeb.  Hift.  Ecclef.  I.  3.  c.  38.  "Pf^of.  in 
Bibliothec.  cod.  11 3,  Honor.  Auguftodun.de 
Script.  Ecclefiaft. 

CHAPTER    IV. 

ANDRE  W. 

I .  np'  H  E  GoJ^el  of  Andrew.     Gelaf.  in 

X^  ^^cretOy  ^c.  Apocryphal  pieces  of 
Andrew  are  mentioned  by  Augustine,  con-- 
tra  Adverfar.  Legis  &Trophet.l.  i.  c.  20. 
and  by  Pope  Innocent  the  firft,  in  Efift.i. 
ad  Exuperium. 

2.  THE  A£fs of  A^DK^vr.  Eufeb.  Hift. 
Ecclef.  I.  I.e.  25.  Epiphan.  Haeref^z.n.i. 
Item  Haeref.  6i.n.i.&  6z.n.  z.  Auguftin. 
contra  Adverfar.  Leg.  &  Trophet.  ?.  1.  c. 
20.  Thilaftr.  Haeref  87.  Gelaf.  in  DecretOy 
^  Turibius  Afturicenfts  apud  Tafchaftum 
^uefnellum  inter  Eptfiolas  Leonis  magnij 
fag.  459. 

CHAPT  E  R    V. 

JAMES. 

I.  ^nr^HE  Gofhel  oflAiAES  or  his  Troto^ 

Jl^    evangetion.     Origen.   in   torn.    11, 

Comment,  in  Mat.  Epiphan.  Haeref  30.  n. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


36i        BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

23.  Eufiath.  Anttocheni  Comment,  in  Hex- 
aemer.  Innocent.  I.  Epifik  3.  Epiphamus 
Monachus  in  Notts  Allatii  ad  Eufiath.  Ah- 
LATius  fays,  that  Gregory  Nyjfen  has  bor* 
row'd  a  great  many  things  out  of  this  Gojpel^ 
without  mentioning  the  name  of  James.  This 
book  is  now  in  Manufcript  in  the  Imperial 
Library,  as  Lambecius  affirms,  Bibliothec* 
Vindobon.  I.  5 .  pag.  130,  131.  Nessel,  lus 
continuator,  fays  that  there  are  no  fewer 
than  five  copies  oC  it  there.  Pather  Si^on 
tells  us,  that  he  has  feen  two  Greek  Manu- 
fcript Copies  of  it  in  the  French  King's  Li- 
brary 5  Nouvelles  ObfervationSy  pag.  4.  It 
was  printed  by  Neander  5  and  alfo  in  the 
firft  volum  of,  the  Orthodoxographsy  by  Gry- 
NEUS,  who  values  it  highly,  as  likewife  does 
BiBLiANDER,  both  Proteftants.  But  Postel- 
Lus,  a  Roman  Catholic,  who  brought  a  Co- 
py of  it  from  the  Eaft,  and  firft  publifh'd  it 
with  his  own  Tranflation,  moft  extravagantly 
fancys  it  to  be  the  bafis  and  foundation  of 
the  whole  Evangelical  Hiftory,  and  the  head 
or  firft  part  of  Mark's  Gofpel.  Tis  for  thefe 
rcafons  that  I  have  been  fo  particular  about 
this  book,  which  is  fometimes  afcrib'd  to  Pe- 
ter :  Vide  Hinkehnanm  Traefat.  ad  Alco- 
ranum. 

2.  THE  Liturgy  of  ]am^s  is  printed  in 
the  fecond  tome  of  the  jSibliotkeca  ^atrum^ 
at  Paxis^  in  the  year  1624. 

3-  WE 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  &c.     j(S5^ 

3.  WE  mentioned  before  the  book  of 
James  concerning  the  death  of  the  Virgin 
Mary  :  but  there  wanted  not  who  bcliev'd 
John,  and  not  James,  to  have  been  the  Au* 
thor  of  it. 

CHAPTER  Vt 

JOHN. 

t-'TPHE^^x^/JotiN.  Eufeb.Hifi.Ec^ 
1  clef. Li.c.zs,  Epiphan.  Haeref.  42* 
n.  I*  Auguftin.  contra  Adverfar.  Leg.  ^ 
Prophet.  L  i.  c.  20*  Thilaftr^  Haeref.  87* 
TuribiiScriptum  inter  Epifiolas  Leonis  ^ag^ 
ni  apud  "t^afchajium  §luefnellumy  pag.  45  9* 
^hot.  Bibliothec.incm.  229* 

2.  ANOTHER  Gofpel  of  John,  diflferent 
from  that  in  our  Canon.  Epiphan.  Haeref 
JO.  n*  23. 

3.  THE  itinerary y  or  Voyigcs  of  John^ 
Athanaf  in  Append,  ad  Synopf  Scripturar^ 
Cetafus  in  ^ecreto, 

4*  THE  Liturgy  p^John,  was,  together 
with  feveral  others,  printed  in  Syriac  at  Rome^ 
See  Father  Simon  in  his  Supplement  to  Leo 
of  Modena. 

5.  WE  fpokc  before  of  John's  book  about 
the  death  of  the  Virgin  MAry. 
Vol*  L  a  a  d(|*  THERE 


ijey       BOOKS   ASCRIBED 

6.  THERE  is  anncxt  to  this  piece,  in  the 
45  3^  Manufcript  of  the  Colbert ine  Library^ 
another  book  attributed  to  the  fame  John, 
and  entitui'd,  the  Memorial  of  Jesus  Christ, 
and  his  defcent  from  the  Crofs :  if  it  be  not 
the  fame  with  a  book  we  fhall  mention  cap. 
17.  art.  19. 

7.  TH E  Traditions  ^  J  o h  n.  Eufeb. 
Hifi.  Ecclef  I.  3.  c.  ult. 

8.  T  H  E  Epiftle  of  Jomf  to  the  Hydropic j 
is  extant  in  Prochorus,  wlio  has  likcwifc 
written  his  life.  Bibliothec.^atr.  torn.  2. 
fag.  61.  Edit.  Lugd.  There  is  bcfides  a  Life 
of^omi  in  the  Armenian  tongue,  printed  in 
the  Armenian  LeBiotmry. 

9.  A  Revelation  ^John,  different  from 
that  in  our  prefent  Canon,  lies  among  the 
Manufcripts  of  the  Imperial  Library  at  Vien- 
na, number  121:  and  'tis  mentioned  by  Theo- 
Dosius  jilexandrinus  in  his  Manufcript  Com- 
mentary on  T>ionyfiusof  Thrace.  Cod.  Baroc. 

10.  THE  fiUyeft  Impofture  of  ail,  is  the 
Revelation  pretended  to  be  found  in  a  moun- 
tain near  Granada,  in  the  year  1595  5  tran- 
llatcd  into  modern  Spanifti  (forfooth)  and  il- 
lufirated  with  a  Commentary,  by  Cecii^ius 
the  Difciplc  of  James  the  eider,  many  hun- 
dred 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


TO   THE   APOSTLES,  &c.     171 

dred  years  before  the  Spanifli  language  had  a 
being*    See  Dir.  Geddes^s  TraSff^voLi.. 

CHAPTER    VII. 

BARTHOLOMEW. 

1. *"  I  ^HE  Gojpelof  Bartholomew.  Hi^ 
^  JL  eronym.  in  Trolegomen.  ad  Comment, 
in  Mat.  T)ionyfius  Areop^.  de  Myjiica  Theo^ 
logUy  c.i.  Gelafius  in  ^ecreto.  Videantwr 
etiam  de  Bartholomaeo  Eufeb.  Hift.  Ecckf. 
L  5.  c.  ID.  e^  Bedam  ab  initio  Commentate 
in  Luc. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

PHILIP. 

t.  nr^HE  GoJpelofViiu.iv.  EpiphanMae^ 


refl  26.n.ii.  Timotbeus  Tresbyter^ 

a  Combefifio  edit,  in  tom.  2.  AuStuar.  peon^ 
tins  de  feSiis^  leSiione  tertia,  pig.  432. 

z.  THE  .^^j^Philip.     Gelafius  in 
^ecreto:   Item  Anafiafius  Sinaita  de  tribus 

fuadragefimisy  qui   ea  njocat  tres  periodo^. 
ditus  eji  Anaftafius  a  Cotelerio^  torn.  3^ 
Monument.   Ecclej.Graec.pag.^%%. 


Aa  a  CHAF) 

,  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


57*       BOOKS   ASCRIBED 
CHAPTER  IX. 

THOMAS. 

t .  ^  I  ^  H  E  Gojpel  of  Thomas.  Iren.  advef- 
£  fus  Haeref.  /.  i .  r.  1 7.  Origen.  in  ho- 
mil.  I .  ad  Luc.  Eufeb.  Hifi.  Ecclej.  I.  i.e.  2$. 
Hieronym.  in  Vraefat.  ad  Mat.  Athanaf.  m 
Append,  ad  Synofj.  Scriptur.  Auguftin.  conr 
tra  Fauft.  I.  22.  c.  79.  Cyril.  Rierofolym. 
Catech.  4,  6.  Nicephor.  in  Stichometria.  6^ 
laf.  in  "Tyecreto.Beday  ac  alii  multi. 

2.  THE  A£ts  of  Thomas.  Epiphan. 
Haeref. 42. n.  i .  laemy  Haeref.  6i.n.i.  Au- 
guftin. contra  Adimant.  Idemy  I.  i.defermone 
^ei:  ac  contra  Fauft.  /•  22.  c.  79.  Turib. 
Afturicenf.  Epift.totiescitat.  Sic  Athanaftus 
etiam  ac  ^hotius. 

3.  THE  Revelations  of  Thomas.  Gela-^ 
Rus  in  T^ecreto. 

4.  T  H  E  Itinerary  of  Thomas.  Athanaf 
in  Append,  ad  Sjnopf  S.  Scriptur ar.  Gelaf 

'  in  ^ecr eto.  Nicephorus  in  Stichometria.  This 
-Tjook  is  extant  entire  in  the  French  King's 
J-ibraTy,  num*'.  1 8  J  2  and  2 594 :  as  likcwifc 
in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Cod.  Baroc.  1 80. 

5-  THE  book  of  thu  Infancy  of  Chkist^ 
fretended  to  have  been  written  by  Thomas 

the 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  t 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  &c.    373 

the  Apoftle,  is  not  the  fame  with  the  Go/pel 
attributed  to  Thomas,  one  of  M anes's  difci- 
pies.  Epiphan.  Haeref.  ^4.  n.  is.  ^  Hae" 
ref.  $i.n.20.  Gelafr in  ^e^reto.  Nicephor. in 
Stichometria.  Lambecius  fays,  that  there  is 
a  Manufcript  of  this  book  in  the  Imperial 
Library.  Bibliothec.  Vindobon.  torn.  7.  pag^ 
20.  Father  Simon  On  his  Nouvelles  Obfer- 
vations)  writes  that  there  is  a  Greec  Manu- 
fcript copy  or  two  of  it  in  the  French  King's 
Library.  It  was  printed  fome  years  iince  in 
Latin  and  Arabic,  with  learned  Notes  by 
Mr.  Syke  at  Utrecht :  and,  after  his  coming 
to  England,  I  lent  him  a  Latin  verfion  of  it 
on  Parchment,  which  is  very  old ;  and  which, 
had  it  timely  come  to  his  hands,  might  have 
fav'd  him  a  great  part  of  his  labor.  But  what's 
become  of  it,  fince  his  unfortunate  death,  I 
know  not  5  neither  have  I  claim'd  it,  as  hav- 
ing nothing  to  fhow  my  title.  Several  others 
Jiave  written  of  the  Infancy  of  Christ, 

CHAPTER    X. 

MATTHEW. 

i.'nr^HE  foregoing  book  of  the  Infancy 
Y      of  Chkist y   has  been  afcrib'd  to 
Matthew  i   as  I  haye  reroark'd  in  another 
place. 

2.  THE  Liturgy  of  M At THEV/.    Tom.  27. 
jBibliothfc.  TatT.  Lugdun.  Natal.  Alex,  itf 

Aa  $  Rcuh 

Digitized  by'VjOOQlC 


174        BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

fecuh primoj  Tart.  !•  c.ix.  art.  i.  Gerard. 
Confejj.  CathoL  torn.  i.  &  alii  multi. 

CHAPTER   XL 

MARK. 


I.  'THH  E  Liturgy  of  Mark.     Joannes 
1     BofM  de  rebus  LiturgiciSy   aliique 
nM  fauci. 

2.  BARONIUS  is  of  opinion  that  Mark 
wrote  the  Go/pel  of  the  Aegyptians  (ad  an- 
num Chrijii  44,  num.  48.)  of  which  Gofpel 
bereaftcr. 

i.  POSTELLU S  (as  we  faw  before)  be- 
lieved the  Vrotoevangelion  y  attributed  to 
James,  to  have  been  the  beginning  of  Mark's 
Gofpel. 

4.  THERE'S  an  anonymous  hiftorian  of 
the  Evangeiift  Mark  ,  and  John  Mark  of 
the pafjion  ^Barnabas,  of  which  in  due 

place. 

CHAPTER    Xn. 

THADDEUS. 

i.np'HE  Gojpel  of  TnKD\>v.vs.     Gelajius 

JL    in  qutbufdam  l^ecreti  exemplaribus. 

He's  caird  by  Eusebius,  who  makes  him  one 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  &c;     37S 

of  the  fcventy  Difciplcs,  an  Evangelifi  of  th 
*Do^rine  of  Christ.    Uift.  Ecclef.  l.i.c.13. 

CHAPTER   Xin. 

MATTHIAS. 

I. np HE  Gojpel  of  Matthias.  Origm. 
X  homil.  I.  in  Luc.  Eufeh.  Hifi.  Ec- 
clef. /.  3.  f.  25.  Hieronym.  in  Trolegomen.ad 
Commentar.  in  Mat.  Ambrof  in  Commentar, 
ad  Luc.  Gelaf  in  "Decreto.  Beda,  initio  dm- 
mentar,  in  Luc. 

2.  THE  Traditions  of  ViKXtmhS.  Clem. 
Alex.  Stromat.  /.  2, 3 , 7-  Item,  Eufeb.  Hifi. 
Ecclef  I.  I.e.  29.  Nicephor.  Htft,  Ecclef, 
1. 3.  c.  15. 

3.  THE  A^s  of  UATTHiASy  arctobc 
read  in  BoLLANDUS,  among  the  Saints  of  the 
?4th  of  January. 

CHAPTER    XIV. 

PAUL. 

l.npHE  A0S  <?/Paul.  Origeif.  de^ 
X  Trincip.  I.  i.  c.z.  Idem^  torn.  i.  in 
Joan.  Eufeb.  Hifi.  Ecclef  I,  i.e.  3,29:  ac  in 
Stichometria  a  Cotelerio  edita,  Philastrius 
fays,  that  in  thefe,  and  fuch  other  ABs,  be- 
fides  many  prodigies  and  miracles,  dogs  aifd 

Aa  4  <«^««^ 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  t 


%76      BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

other  bcafts  were  made  to  fpeak,  and  to  have 
fouls  of  the  fame  nature  with  thofc  of  men, 
Haeref.  87. 

2.  T  H  E  A({s  ofVhvi.  andTuECLA.  Tertuh 
de  Bapt.  c.  17.  Hieranym.  de  fcript.  Ecclef. 
in  Taulo  &  Luca.  Auguftin.  contra  Fauji.  I. 
50*  r. 4.  Epiphan.  Haeref.  7%.  n.  16.  Gelaf 
in  Secrete.  Recentiores  alii.  Tis  extant, 
printed  in  the  fccond  volume  of  Dr,  Grabe's 
Spicilegium.  I  wonder  much,  how  certain 
learned  men  cou  d  be  imposed  upon  by  this  ridi- 
culoufly  fabulous  Treatife;  where  a  handfome 
young  woman  runs  away  from  her  Bridegroom 
Ouft  ready  to  marry  her)  all  over  the  world 
after  Paul,  whofe  fellow- Apoftle  fhe  becomes: 
and  fo  (he's  aftually  call'd  5  all  which  circum- 
(lances  gave  no  fhiall  fcandal  to  many,  as  it 
is  related  in  the  book  it  felf,  which  is  ftuft 
from  one  end  to  the  other  with  monftrous 
incoherencics  and  abfurditics. 

3.  THE  Epiftle  of  Paul  to  the  Laodi^ 
ceans.  Colojf.  4.  12.  Tertul.  adverfus  Mar- 
cion.l.  5.  c.  II,  17.  Hieronym.  inCatal.  c.  5, 
Epiphan.  Haeref  4z. n.9:& alibi.  Thilaftr^  • 
itaeref  88.  Theodoret.  Comment ar.  ad  Colojf. 
4.  12.  torn.  3.  Legantur etiamTheophyladiuSy 
Gregorius  Magnus y  &  Concil.  Nicen.  IL  a£t. 
6.  part.  5. 

4.  A  T H IR D  Epiftle  ofTaulto  the  Thef 
faloniansy  was  forg'd  in  his  own  life  time,  as 
fome  deduce  from  2  Thef.  2. 2. 

,,,G(5.  SOME 


Digitized  b 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  &c     377 

5.  SOME  imagine  that  Paul  wrote  a 
former  Epijile  to  the  Ephejians^  from  the 
third  verfe  of  the  third  chapter  of  his  extant 
Eftfile. 

6.  THERE  wanted  not,  who,  from  an 
cxpreffion  in  Polycarp,  wou'd  needs  infer, 
that  the  Apoftle  of  the  Gentiles  had  written 
more  than  one  Epijile  to  the  Thilippians. 

7.  A  THIRD  Epifile  of  Taul  to  the 
Corinthians y  feems  to  be  well  grounded  upon 
I  Cor.  5-  9  i  &  zCor.  13.  i. 

?.  ARCHBISHOP  Usher,  and  Dr. 
John  Gregory,  have  feen  an  Armenian 
Manufcript  of  Sir  Gilbert  North's,  where 
there  was  an  Epijile  of  the  Corinthians  to 
Paul,  with  Paul's  anfwer  to  the  fame :  and 
both  thefe  Epijiles  are  lately  publifti'd  at  Am- 
fterdam,  in  the  Armenian  and  Latin  tongues, 
by  Mr.  David  Wilkins,  now  Doftor  of  Di- 
vinity, and  Library-keeper  at  Lambeth. 

9.  KIRSTENIUS  fays,  that  feveral  Epijiles 
of  Paul,  to  us  unknown,  are  extant  in  the 
Arabic  language.    Traefat.  ad  Gram.  Arab. 

10.  THE  Epijiles  of  Paul  to  Seneca^ 
with  thofe  of  Seneca  to  Paul.  Thefe  have 
been  fo  far  approv'd,  that  Jerome,  on  this 
account,  places  SE^[ECA  among  the  Chriftian 

writers, 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


J78      BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

writers,  if  not  Saints :  and  they  are  defended 
as  genuine  by  Faber  dEJiapleSy  Sixtus 
Senensis,  Alphonsus  Salmeron,  and  others. 
The  ancient  authorities  for  them  are,  Hierenym. 
in  Catal.  c.  12.  Augufitn.  de  Civit.'Deiy  I 
6.  c.  10.  Idemy  inlEpift.  153-  Edit.  Bene- 
diBin.  fcilicet  ad  Macedonium.  Joan.  Sarisbe- 
rienf.in  Tolycrat.  /.  8.  r.  13.  If  I  may  rec- 
kon this  laft  among  the  ancients  \  The  £- 
fifties  however  are  ftill  extant. 

11.  THE  Revelation  of  V AVI..  Epiphan. 
Haeref.  3  8. ».  2.  Auguftin.  tra£t.  9%.  in  Joan. 
Theophyladt.  in  Schol.  ad  2  Cor.  12, 4-  Oecu- 
men.  ad  eundem  locum.  Zozomen.  Hift.  Ec- 
clef.  I.  7*  c.  19.  Nicephor.  Hift.  EccleJ.  L 
iz.c.  34.  Gelaf  in  T)ecreto. 

12.  THERE  is  a  Revelation  of  VAVis'ixi 
Merton  College  Library  at  Oxford,  cod.  13. 
n.  2.  I.  Art.fol.  776'  But  this  Revelation 
is  not  the  fame  with  the  former,  which  Zozo- 
MEN  (in  the  place  cited  out  of  him)  fays  was 
highly  efteem'd  by  the  Monks. 

13-  THE  Vifions  of  Paul,  Epiphan. 
Haeref.  40.  n.  7.  This  book  was  different 
from  the  Revelation  mentioned  Num.  1 1 .  but 
I  believe  it  is  the  fame  that  Marcus  Patriarch 
of  Alexandria,  in  his  fccond  Queftion  to  Bal- 
SAMON,  calls  the  Vifions  of  St.  Paul.  Bonfid^ 
Jur.  Oriental,  pag.  240.  Marquard.  Freber^ 
injure  Qraecsi- Romano ^  ton».  i-pi^*  %^}^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO   THE  APOSTLES,  &c.   i79 

14.  THIS  laft  book  may  be  likewife  the 
fame  that's  recorded  by  thefe  authors  from 
KiCEPHORUS  Homologetay  who  joins  it  with 
I  know  not  what  BrontologieSj  Selenodromjes^ 
^nd  CalendologieSj  much  like  our  worft  fort  of 
Almanacks :  where  not  onely  the  days  of  the 
month  and  the  age  of  the  moon  are  marked  5 
but  alfo  thunder,  rain,  and  other  changes  of 
the  weather  prognofticated.  But  why  fuch  ob- 
fervations,  as  the  fettings  and  rifings  of  the 
ftars,  or  the  divifions  of  the  months,  fo  ufe- 
ful  to  husbandmen,  feamen,  and  almoft  all 
others,  fhould  be  condemned  5  I  can  affign  nb 
other  reafon,  but  that  fpirit  of  Superftition, 
which  proceeded  fo  far  to  abolifli  all  theatri- 
cal reprefentations,  all  mufical  performances, 
all  joyful  anniverfary  feftivals  (however  regu- 
lated and  innocent)  and  all  other  liberal  en- 
tertainments ,  not  pradis'd  by  mechanics  or 
beggars. 

15.  THE  Treaching  of  Paul.  Clem, 
jilex.  Stromat.  I.  6.  La£tant.  /  4.  r.  21. 
'Tis  likewife  quoted  by  the  anonymous  au- 
thor de  non  iterando  Baptifmo^  inferred  by 
RiGALTius  in  his    obfcrvations  upon  Saint 

Cyprian, 

« 

16.  SAINT  Paul's  narr^the  concerning 
th€  charming  of  Vipers^  revcard  to  him  by 
St.  Michael  in  a  dream.  Lamb^cius  fays, 
that  there  is  9  Manufcript  of  tliis  book  in 

the 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


jgo       BOOKS     ASCRIBED 

the    Imperial  Library.     Biblioth.  Vindohon. 
torn,  s^fag.  103. 

17.  THE  Anabaticon  o/Vavl,,  wherein 
he  relates  what  he  faw,  when  he  was  caught 
up  to  the  third  Heavens:  tho'  in  2  Cor.  12. 
4.  he  calls  them  unfpeakable  words,  and  things 
unlawful  or  impoflible  to  uttpr.  Epiphan, 
Haeref.  18,  n.  ii.  JMickael  Glycas,  AnnaL 
part.  %.p4g,  J20f 

18.  SOME  wou'd  infer  from  his  own 
words,  that  Paul  wrote  a  Gojpel.  In  the 
day^  fays  he,  when^  God  foall judge  the  Jeer  ets 
of  men  by  Chrift  JefuSy  according  to  mj 
Gojpel.  Rom.  2.  16.  compar'd  with  QaL  i, 
8,  2  5  and  2  Tim.  9. 

19.  THE  Trecepts  of  Peter  and  Paul 
I  (hall  mention  lower,  under  the  head  of 
General  T ieces :  that  is,  fuch  as  go  under  the 
names  of  all,  or  more  than  one  of  the  Apoftles ; 
or  fuch  as  are  dire£ted  in  general,  without  the 
name  of  any  author  at  all. 

CHAPTER    XV. 

BARNABA& 

i.'T^HE  Go/pel  of  Y^Mc^KBKS.   Gelafius  in 

X    ^ecreto.    Indiculus  Scripturar.  apud 

Coteler.  in  Annotat.  i .  ad  Conftitut.  Apofto* 

lie.    In  CataL  libror.  Apocryph.  Baroccian. 


Digitized  b 


TO  THt  APOSTLES,  &c.     jit 

poji  T)amafcenwn  de  menfibus  MacedonutH. 
This  Gofpel  of  Barnabas  is  ftill  Extant,  but 
interpolated  by  the  Mahometans.  There's 
but  one  copy  of  it  in  Chriftendom,  acciden- 
tally difcover'd  by  me  at  Amfterdam  in  the 
yeat  1709,  and  now  in  the  Library  of  his 
moft  ferene  Highnefs  Prince  Eugene  of  Sa- 
voy. But  a  full  account  of  it  is  to  be  had  in  a 
Volume  I  have  written  on  this  very  fubjed, 
entitul'd,  Nazarenus,  or  Jewifh,  Gentile^ 
and  Mahometan  Chriftianity  j  &c.  printed 
twice  at  London,  in  the  year  171 8. 

2.  THE  Ej^i^le  of  Bar  t^  ABAS.  Clem. 
Alex.  Stromat.  I.2y5.  Origen.  contra  Celf. 
/.I.  &de  Trincip.  1 3.  EM.  Hiji.  Ecclef. 
/.  3.  €.$.  Hieronym.  in  Catalo^Oy  aliique. 
But  this  is  not  the  Epiflle  we  have  at  this 
day,  as  thefe  very  citations  demonftratc. 

J*  THE  ^affion  of  Barnabas  by  Jomk 
Mark,  is  mentioned  in  cap.  21. 

CHAPTER    XVL 

JUDAS,  EVE,  SETH,  ABRA- 
HAM, ENOCH,  &c. 

I.  »T^  H  AT  none  of  the  Apoftles  might  be 

JL    thought  unable  to  write  a  Gofpely  wc 

find  one  aliedg'd  by  the  Caianites  (a  fed  of 

the  Gndftics)  under  the  name  of  Judas  Ifcor 

mty 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


3?2        BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

ript  5  whom  they  highly  extoUM  for  his  know- 
ledge of  the  Truth  above  the  reft  of  the  A- 
poftles,  and  tliat  therefore  he  purpofely  be* 
tray'd  Christ,  to  perfed  the  Myftery  of  our 
Redemtion.  Iren.  contra  Haerefi  /.  i.  r.  35* 
Epiphan.  Haeref.  3  8. ».  i,  2.  Theodoret.  Hae^ 
ret. Fab. L\.  c.  15. 

1.  NOR  fliou'd  wc  wonder  at  Judas's 
being  an  Author,  when  we  read  or  the  pro- 
phetical Gofpel  af  Eve,  whom  the  Gnoftics 
reckoned  a  patronefs  of  their  opinions  5  and 
to  have  received  extraordinary  light  and  know- 
lege,  in  her  conference  with  the  Serpent 
Epiphan.  Haeref.  26.  ».  2, 3,4,  5*  God,  in 
that  Gofpely  (aid  to  her  in  a  voice  like  Thun- 
der, I  anp  thoUy  and  thou  art  Ih  wherever 
thou  arty  there  am  /,  being  diffused  aptong 
all  things :  andy  whence  foever  you  willy  you 
gather  me  5  but  in  gathering  mey  you  gather 
yourfelp  Eve,  as  we  may  fee,  was  a  great 
Spinoftft. 

3.  THE  Serbians,  another  fort  of  Gno- 
ftics (for  the  branches  of  this  trunk  were  num- 
bcrlcfs)  fcefides  many  writings  attributed  by 
them  to  Set*h*  himfelf,  whom  they  wou'd 
needs  have  ^o  be  Christ,  did  alfo  fhow  an 
Apocalypfe  under  the  name  of  the  Patriarch 
A  BR  A  HAM:  ftot  to  mcntiOtt  his  learned 
pieces  of  Aftrology,  nor  thofc  they  fathcr'd 
upon  others,  nor  yet  the  books  of  A  p  a  M 
-fpjcmerly  believed  by  the  Jews.     Epiphsn. 

Haeref. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO   THE  APOSTLES,  &€.     38J 

Haeref.z6.  n.  8.  Item  Haeref.  30.  ».  i6.  aC 
Haeref.  39*     ».  15.    j^^^i^^.  Telujtot.    L  a* 

4.  T  H  E  Trophecy  of  Enoch,  which  re- 
lates the  Amours  of  the  Sons  of  God  with 
the  Daughters  of  Men  (or  of  ever-fprightly 
Angels  and  beautiful  young  Damfels)  is  a  great 
part  of  it  ftill  extant  5  and  was  believed  ge- 
nuine by  feveral  of  the  Father Sy  who  alledgc 
it  in  defence  of  the  Chriftian  Religion :  as 
Origen.  contra  Celf.  L  5.  Idem  de  Trincip. 
Tertul.  de  habitu  muliebrij  c.  3>  &c. 

5.  THE  Teftament  of  the  twelve  Patri- 
archs ^  thcAJfumtion  of  Moses,  the  Teftament 
of  the  fame,  the  Prophecy  of  Lamech,  the 
Grayer  of  Joseph,  the  Book  of  Eldad  and 
JMedad,  the  ^falms  of  King  Solomon,  the 
Anabaticon  or  Vifion  of  Isaiah,  the  Revela- 
tion of  El  IAS,  the  Revelation  of  Zephany, 
the  Revelation  of  Zachary,  the  Revelation 
of  Ezra,  and  fuch  others,  of  which  an  account 
may  be  feen  in  the  Codex  Apocryphus  vet eris 
Tejlamenti  of  Fabricius.  But  I  forget  that 
I  am  in  this  CATALOGUE  reciting  the 
fpurious  books  of  the  Chriftians,  and  not  of 
the  Jews,  who  were  very  near  as  fcrtil  and 
expert  in  forgeries.  Nor  ought  we  to  be 
carelefs  in  diftinguifliing  thofe  Books,  that 
were  falfcly  fathered  upon  the  Jews  by  the 
Chriftians,  the  better  to  bring  them  over  (of 
which  pious  frauds  the  Anabaticon  of  Isaiah, 

with 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


384        BOOKS    ASCRIBED 

With  the  Tejiament  of  the  twelve  Tatriarchi^ 
arc  manifeft  examples)  from  the  Apocryphal 
books  of  the  Jews  themfelves,  fomc  of  which 
arc  very  ancient. 

CHAt>TER    XVlI. 

GENERAL   PIECES. 

l.'TpHE  Gofpel  of  the  twelve  ApoftUt. 
I  Origen.  homil.  i.  in  Luc.  Hieronjm 
in  Traefat.  ad  Mat.  Item^  contra  Telagian. 
I.  3.  Ambrof  Trooem.  Comment,  in  Luc* 
Theofhyladi.  Comment,  in  Luc.  c.  i.  ver.  i- 
Beda  initio  Comments  in  Luc.  But  this  book 
is  only  general  m  the  Title,  and  was,  I  believe, 
originally  the  fame  with 

2.  THE  Gofpel  of  the  Hebfews.  Ignat. 
in  Epift.  ad  Smyrnaeos^  c.  3 .  Tapias  apudEu- 
feb.  Hift.  Ecclef.  I.  i.e.  19*  Clem.  Alex. 
Stromat.  L  i,  2,  5.  Origen.  tradl.  8.  in  Mat. 
Idem^  homil.  is.in^erem.  &  in  Comment,  ad 
Joan.  tom.  2.  Eufeb.  Hift.  Ecclef.  /.  3.  r,  27. 
&  alibi.  Epiphan.  Haeref.  lo.paffim.  Hie-^ 
ronym.  in  Catalogo  &  alias  faepif/ime.  Tit. 
Bojlrenf.  Comment,  in  Luc.  This  Gofpel  fe- 
veral  have  maintained  (tho  erroneoufly)  to  be 
the  Original  of  Matthew  $  as  it  is  exprelfly 
the  opinion, of  Ireneus,  adverfus  Haeref. 
/•  3.  c.  I  i.  and  of  Epiphanius>  Haeref.  19. 
n.  ult. 


Digitizec 


jT,y  Google 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  &c.     3S5 

i.  I  im  perfuaded  it  was  the  fame  which 
was  commonly  call'd  ti^  Gofpel  of  the  Na^ 
icarens  or  Ebionitcs,  who  were  the  Jcwifli  or 
Very  firft  Chriftians ;  and  therefore  Dr.  MiLt^y 
Dr.  GitABEy  and  others,  have  declared  their 
opinion,  that  it  ought  be  one  of  thofe  men* 
tion'd  by  Luke,  and  fo  written  before  our 
preCent  Gojpels  by  the  eye  and  ear-witnefies 
of  Christ. 

4.  THIS  book  was  alfo  call'd  the  Gofpel 
0f  the  Syrians.  Eujeb.  Hif.  Ecclef.  1. 4.  c^ 
a  a.  Hieronym.  in  CataL  &  ddverfus  "PeU* 
gian.  /.  J*  r.  I.  Theodorbt  {Haeret.fab.  /. 
a*  r.  2.)  polkivcly  attributes  this  Go ff  el  of  the 
J^azarens  to  Peter,  as  being  the  Apoftlc  of 
the  Circumcifion :  if  tiis  meaning  be  not  ra* 
thcr,  diat  the  Nazarens  madp  ufeof  Peter's 
Gospel,  mcntion'd  before^  as  well  as  of  the 
G^f^el  of  the  Hebrews  ?  And  were  they  ex- 
tant, 'tis  poi&ble  they  wou'd  appear  to  be  all 
but  one  and  the  fame  book.  It  admits  of  a 
doubt.  Whether  Justin  Martyr  has  quoted 
the  Gojpel  of  the  twelve  Apoftles  as  authen* 
tic,  in  his  ^iiUo^  with  Tryphon. 

i.TH'S.  Gofpel  of  the  Egyptians.  Clem. 
Roman.  JS>pifi.  2.  ad  Corinth,  c.  12.  Clem. 
jilesft^  Strmat.  1. 3 .  Origen.  homil.  i .  in  Luc. 
Eptphm.Haeref.  61.  n.  a.  Hieronym.inTro- 
oem.  Comment,  fuper  Mat.  Tit.  Bofirenf. 
Copmfent.  in  Luei  &  Theophylaff.  ad  eun- 

y^'^       ■  Bb cl^le 


Digitized  by 


386        BOOKS  ASCRIJBED      : 

dem  Evangeliftam.  Dr.  Grabe,  and  others, 
were  of  the  mind,  that  this  Gof^lof  the  £- 
gyptians  (no  left  than  that  of  the  Hebre^ms) 
was  written  before  Luke's;  atid  thereftyre 
older  than  thofe  i%  out  OiW6n.  The  Frag- 
ments of  it  are  as  enigmatical  and  obfcure 
as  thofe  of  the  Philofopher  HfcRACLixiTs.    . 

6.  TYil^  Apoftki  CretdA  iiiay  fairly  rec^ 
kon  among  thefe  Pieces.  Of  late  years  it  be- 
gins to  be  caird  in  queftion  with  more  accu- 
racy of  Criticifm,  than  befdte.  Every  6nc 
may  have  ample  ^atisfo^kion  in  this  matter  bf 
perufing  the  Hip^ry  ef  th^  Cteedj  by  the  no 
lefs  learned,  thin  toodeft^nd  ^dicioiis.  Sit 
Peter  King,  IjordChicfJuiticedf  the  Com^ 
mon  Pleas :  as^lfo^by  reading  Vossius  (whe 
wrote  long  before)  6f  the  three  Creeds  %  and 
Tentzelius's  'B^^citatiofiVL^n  that  of  tht 
Apoftles.  I  havt  iikewife  writtSh^  Dfffertd- 
tion  upon  thifr  Subjeft  my^fclf,  which  I  Icrit 
to  a  Gentlenx^ni  Who  dy'd  With6ut  riftoring 
it  to  me  5  and  perhaps  he  lent  k  to  feme  of 
his  friends  (for  I  have  yet  'no  atcount  of  it 
-  from  his  Executors)  which  ^ill  make  me  more 
difficult  about 'tiiy  own,  oi^^ther-Manufcripts, 
for  the  future.  In  all  thefe  Pieces  it  is  (among 
other  things  i;om\non  ito  them  all,  and  jiccu- 
liar  to  each)  clearly  demonftrated,  that  the 
Creed  was  neither  compoS'd-  by  the  Apoftles, 
nor  all  at  once  by  aliy  oth^r^j  but  that  itgrew 
to  its  prefent  form  by  de^-ees,  and  upon  va- 
•     :     J  .  -'  '^''-  - '-"dous 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO   THE   APdSTLES^i  &c.    317 

rious  occafions,   therq  fpecify'd,  efpecially  ia 
Sir  PeteiI  Ki>ros  Hiftory. 

7-  THE  TiaBfine  and  Canfiitutiotp  (i^oc 
Conftitutions)  &f  the  Apojiles.  Eufeb.  Hip* 
Ecckf.  I.  i.c.:siS.Athanaf.  in  Sympfi  S. 
Seripturar.  Epiphan.  Haeref.  45.  n.  2,  ^5^. 
fiaerff.  70,  n*  10,  ,14.  Haeref.  75*  ff*  ^^  & 
Haevef.  io^mjs^  Idem  in  compendiaridfidei 
Rxpafitione\  ^  Incertus  de  AUatoribus  inPer 
Stfipta  Cfpriani: 

S.  T  H  £  £L  E  are  Aiibu^ai  and  Atikoicx?Uetif 
or  ^o£irineszM  InJimSiions^  as  wdlds 
¥:€pu'^(jLamu  and  PoLpaSbatuj  otTreachings  and 
Traditions y  attributed  both  to  every  one  al- 
moft  of  the  Apoftles  fingly,  and  alfo  to  their 
Companions  and  Succeffors.  *  Thefc  Doc- 
trines were  ufually  bound  with  the  other 
books  of  the  New  Tefiaminty  as  appears  by 
iifjfSficifometrjofJ>iicuvuoKVs,  arid  by 
fuch  other  Indexes  of  the  Scriptures.  Yet  it 
was  not  always  pretended  that  they  were  o* 
riginai  Pieces,  but  rather  Collcdions  of  what 
the  Companions  and  Succeffors  of  theApoftlds 
iither  heard,  or  pretended  to  hear,  from  their 
own  mouths.  It  is  obferv'd  by  the  beft  Cri- 
tics, that  moft,  if  not  ail  of  thofe  Doftrincs, 
arc  comprehended  in  the  Apoftolic  Conjli-* 
tutions  (of  which  book  in  the  following  Ar- 
ticle) fince  the  greateft  part  of  the  Fragments, 
or  Remains,  of  the  loft  ^oSirineSj  agree  with 
the  Contents  of  thefc  fame  Confiitutions. 


3SS       BOOKS   ASCRIBEt) 

9*  W  £  need  not  produce  our  Audiors  d-^ 
ther  for  the  Can&ns  or  Canftitutions  of  tht 
Affile 5 y  iince  they  are  aimoft  unanimoufly 
amnitted  by  the  Greecs ;  and  that  fo  many 
learned  Members,  both  of  the  Churches  c^ 
England  and  of  Rome,  have  written  large 
volums  to  prove  thefc  (efpccially  the  Camni) 
if  not  genuine,  yet  of  very  great  authohty. 
Wc  miS  however  remark,  that  Epiphahius 
in  particular,  quotes  the  Canfiitutiau ,  not 
the  CmftitutionSy  as  Canonical  5  Haeref.j^$. 
M*  5  :  and  elfewheic,  as  you  find  him  cited  in 
article  7^  of  this  Chapter.  Indeed  he  ules  the 
plural  number  in  Haeref.  8q-  9*  7  >  where  he 
xeckons  them  divinely  infpir'd :  and  proves 
from  thence>  that  we  fhcmld  not  cut  our 
beards,  nor  let  our  hair  grow  long,  this  being 
a  grave  apdlolic  ordinance  i  tho  not  obferv'd 
by  Mr.  Whjston,  the  moft  declar'd  advocate 
of  thcfc  Conftitutions.  But  there's  demon- 
tlration,  that  the  Confiitutwns  quoted  by  Epi- 
PHANius,  arc  not  the  fame  with  thofe  we 
have  at  this  day  \  being  in  certain  things,  as 
in  the  obfcrvation  of  Eaftcr  for  one,  quite  con- 
trary one  to  another.  This  CATALOGUE 
is  not  the  place  to  examine,  what  the  defen* 
ders  of  the  Canons  and  Conftitutions  of  the 
Apostles  anfwcr  to  the  oh^cdion  of  their 
fo  late  appearance  in  the  world,  and  to  fome 
other  exceptions  againft  their  genuinenefs  or 
iiuthority  :  ^t  1  muft  beg  Mr.  Whiston's 
pardon^  wliom  I  honor  for  his  Learning  and 

^    ficmncfi 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ  I 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  &c.    s89 

itrmnefs  of  mind  y  if  I  think  not  fo  highly  of 
'em  as  he  profefles  to  do. 

ID.  THE  Trecepts  of  Peter  and  Paul, 
^nd,  I  fuppofe^  of  fome  other  Apoftles :  for 
this  fccms  as  general,  as  their  ^oShines^ 
^reachingSy  or  Traditions.  This  book  lies 
in  Manufcript  in  the  Great  Duke's  Library  in 
f  iorence,  if  we  believe  Ludovicus  Jacobus 
4  SanStoCarolOy  in  his  Bi^Uotheca^ontiJ^^ia^ 
I.  i^pag.  177.  Perhaps  it  is  the  fame  (as  I 
find)  with  the  preaching  of  Peti^r  and 
^AUL  :  for  they  are  fo  often  confounded  to^ 
gcther,  that  I  am  apt  to  think  they  were  not 
two  books. 

11,  J  HE  prcfent  Coptic  Chriftians  have 
a  boQk  pf  ^odtfineSy  which  they  believe  was 
^inpos'd  bv  the  twelve  Apdlles^  with'  the 
fpccialaffiftjnce  of  Saint  Paul,  Tfec.  Lu^lf. 
(Comment,  adlt^ifi.  Aethiopic. pag.  334,  236. 

1 2.  T  H  E  Gofpel  of  "Berfection.  An  ad- 
mirable Title  !  f  OT  the  very  fake  of  which,  I 
wifli  it  were  ext^t.  But  Epiphanius,  who 
faw  it,  fays  it  was  the  petFeSlion  offorrow% 
for  tlMt  tf^e  whole  perfemon  ofT>eath  was 
contaifid  in  that  offfpring  of  the  ^evU^ 
Haeref  z6.  n.  2.  1  have  given  reafons  elfe- 
whcrc,  how  little  we  ought  to  rely  on  the 
lodgment  or  veracity  of  this  Father :  and  her6 
X  tiiink  it  a  fit  place  to  obferve,  that  Mr*  Syke, 
knowing  nothings  belike  of  this  book,  has 

B  b  y  wrong 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


J90        BOOKS    ASCRIBED    . 

Vrong  tranflatcd  it  the  ^ erf e^  Qpfpelh  fccit^ 
que  ^ominus  ]esvs  plurima  in  Aej^ypto  mi^ 
racuUy  quae  neque  in  Evangelic  Infantiac, 
neque  in  Evangelic  pcrfedo,  fcript0  reperi- 
untur.  pag.  71* 

1 3.  TH E  Gojpel  of  Truth :  A  b^tficr  Title 
ftill !  tho  Ireneus,  whole  authority  I  vaJuc 
as  little  as  that  of  Epiphanius,  affirms  that 
it  agreed  in  BOthing  with  the  Goffels  af  the 
Apofiles.  *Advtrfus Haeref J.  I.e.  II.  This 
was  likewifc  call'd  the  GoJpeiofVAh^^r 
TINE.     lifid. 

14.  THE  yi^s  of  all  the  Apojllesy  writ- 
ten  by  thcmfelves,  principally  recciv'd  by  the 
Ebionites.  Epiphan.  Haeref  lO.n.  16.  Theo- 
doret,  Haeret.  fab.  L  3 .  c.  4.  Varadatus^  in 
Epijl.  ad  Leanem..  Imp.  in  ConciL  Labb. 
torn.  4.  col.  978.  Jo.  Malala^  Chronograph. 
I.  10. 

:  -15.  THE^iSfj  of  theApofties  by  Abdias, 
the  pretended  fiift  Bifhop  of  Babylon,  is  a 
pretty  modem  impoftnre  5  and  long  preceded 
by  the  ABs  of  the  Apofiles  according  to  Leu- 
C1U5,  whereof  Kvovsjitii^i  lib.de fide  contra 
MoHichaeoSy  cap.  38. 

16.  THERE  were  Ails  at  Journeys  of 
the  Apoftles  extant  in  PHOxiuy's  time,  com^ 
pos'd  by  one  Leucius  Cba»tnus,  a  fam'd 
Im]poft©r,  of  whom  before.  Thi3  book  coiv 
*  •>  tain'd 


Digitized 


by  Google 


TO  J^fEr  A^pS;^lL^$,^c.  .jsji 

tain'd  the  moft  childidi  and  ridiculous  things 
in  the  world :  particularly,  that  there  wou'd 
be  a  Refurre2ilon  of  Cows  and  Horfcs,  as 
well  as  of  Men  and  Woi^ien.    In  B^biioth. 

17.  THE  Lots  of  the  Apoftles  are  men- 
,tion'd  in  the  decree  of  ^Gf.u/iSivs'y    and  a 

book  under  this  title  is  pubUfh'd  inter  Mif- 
celianea  Ecckfiaftica  Tpfthuma  Tetri  ^z- 

18.  THE  Traife,  or  Panegyric,  jg^  the  A- 
poftleSy  is  mentioned  in  the  fame  decree  of 
Gelasius  5  and,  in  fome  copies  of  it,  the 
Taffionsof  the  Apoftles. 

1 9.  T  H  E  Memoir e  of  the  Apoftles^  rec- 
kon'd  a  moft  blafphcmous  piece  by  Turibius 
Afturicenfaj  in  Epifi.  ad  Id^ium  &  Cef(f- 
niurn^  inter  EpifiolaS'  Lemis  ,Magni  apud 
^afchafum  G^uefnellum.  Itenf.  TmL  Orof 
in  Contmonitor.  de  erroribus  ^tifcillianifiarum 
^  Ortgenififirum.  ,    .      ^ 

20.  TYi^  Itinerary  (^f  all  the  Apt^lejs^  as 
well  as  of  every  one  of  'em  fingly,  was  for- 
fpicrly  extant,  as  more  fhjm  coice  hinted* 


\ 


Bb  4  CHAP- 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


392      BOOKS    ASCRIBED 


CHAPTER   XVm. 

Dijcifles  and  Conjamtms  of  th§ 
jipofiUs. 

OF  the  books  tfcriKd  to  the  Difc^lcs^ 
and  Companions  of  the  A  p  o  s  t  l  e  s, 
and  which  are  ftill  extant  (for  we  have  namM 
a  fufficicnt  number  of  extinft  Pieces)  fome 
are  thought  genuin  and  of  gre^t  authority  at 
this  time  s  every  one  was  approved  at  fbme 
time,  or  by  fome  party :  and  yet  I  am  of  Or 
pinion,  that  it  is  the  eafieft  task  in  the  world 
(next  to  that  of  (howing  the  ignorance  and 
fuperftition  of  the  writers)  to  prove  them  2i\ 
fpurious,  and  fraudulently  impos'd  on  the  cre- 
dulous. Thofe  1  principally  mean,  are,  i.  The 
two  Epifiles  of  Clemens  Romanus  U  the 
Carinthisns^his  Recognitions^  decretals,  and 
all  other  pieces  bearing  his  name.  2.  All 
the  Efiftles  of  Ignatius,  of  what  ftamp  or 
edition  foevcr.  3.  The  Epijile  of  VoisYCKSk.- 
FU$  to  the  Thilifpians  5  not  to  infift  on  his 
other  writmgs  long  fince  loft,  of  which  y^ 
I  ludge  by  what  is  preferv'd.  4.  The  A£tsof 
the  MsrtyrdoM  of  Ignatius  and  Polycar- 
Fus.  $.  The  Tafior  of  Heri^as.  6.  The 
Epijile  of  Barnabas,  together  with  his  Cih 
fpeU  tof  which  before :  And  7.  The  works  of 
DiONYSius  the  Areopagite.  Let  us  add  to 
thefc,  tho  at  no  time  near  fo  much  efteem'd, 

8.  The 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  &c.     3?J 

8.  The  Epifikof  Marcellus  (Peter's  Dff- 
cjplc)  to  Neribus  aiid  Achilleus,  and  his 
treatife  of  the  conjUit  of  Peter  and  Simoh 
Magus:  he  has  given  a  relation  of  the  death 
4p/*  Petronilla*  Peter's  daughters  and 
of  the  fAJpon  of  Felicula,  both  virgins. 

9.  The  Life  of  John  by  Prochorus  (men- 
tionM  before)  one  oli  the  feven  Deacons,  s^id 
couHn  to  Saint  Stephen.  10.  The  ^etiti- 
gn  of  Veronica  to  Herody  on  the  bch;|if  of 
Christ,  ii.  The  Tajfflon  ^Timothy  hj[ 
PoLYCRATES.  11.  The  Valpons  of  Peter 
^h^Paul,  in  two  books  by  Linus,  13.  The 
two  Epiftles  of  Martial  of  Limoujin ;  and 
14.  The  Life  of  the  fame  by  Aurelianu$. 
T  5 .  The  Hijiory  of  the  Apofiolical  confliit  by 
Abdias,  mentioned  before.  16.  The  ^ajjhn 
of  Saint  Andrew,  written  by  the  Presbyters 
of  Achaia.  17.  The  Epijtle  ofEvoifivs, 
cntitul'd,  the  Light.  18.  The  anonymous 
Hiftorian  of  the  Evangelift  Mark,  of  whom 
above  J  as  alto,  19.  of  John  Mark  of  the 
^affion  of  BARif  ABAS.  20,  The  ytffs  ofjiTVs, 
composed  by  Zen^  St.  Paul's  companion, 
a  I.  The  Ahs  of  Crato.  22.  Philalethes 
EusEBiANUs  of  the  TaJJIons  of  Christ  5  and 
a 3.  Melito  of  the  virtues  of  the  Apoflles : 
with  a  multitude  of  other  A^Sy  Martyrdoms y 
^ajjionsy  Legendsy  and  MenolqgieSy  which, 
becaufe  confefledly  modern,  are  nothing  to 
our  purpofe.  24-  The  Revelation  iji^T  S  t  e- 
phen:  2$fThtAhercationof]hs6^andVK- 
FjscusjWith,  26.  ThcEpipUsofJdsim  the 

Arim4' 
d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


394     500KS    A5CRIBEP, 

jfrimathem.  to  th^  ^ritonSy  •  arc  abfol^tcly 
loff  5  anci^  were  th9y  extant,  wou'd  probably 
appear  to  be  as  ibolilh  and  fabulous  as  thje 
reft.       .         . 

A  S  it  can't  be  dcny'd^  but  that  Nicodemus 
was  an  acquaintance  of  tlie  Apoftle§;  Jfo  this 
is  the  proper  place  to  mention,  27.  h\s  Go/peL 
By  feveral  parages  it  fccms  to  be  an  imppfture 
of  the  fifth  century ;  and  there's  a  very  co- 
mical account  given  in  it,  of  the  deiTccat  of 
Christ  into  hell  ^  how  the  Devils  barrica- 
do'd  that  infernal  ptiibn,  with  their  other 
preparations  to  keep  him  out  5  in  what  oian- 
ner  the  Old  Teftmnent  Saints  within  knew  of 
the  approach  of  their  deliverer,  and  what  a 
terrible  mutiny  they,  rais'd  againft  the  Devils 
to  betray  tlie  place  to.  him;  and  finally  how 
Jesus  broke  open  thofc  adamantine,  bars, 
the  whole  farce  (for  it  is  n#  other)  being  car- 
ry'd  on  in  Scriptiirf-phrafe,  and  pretended  to 
be  reveal'd  by  Charinvs  and  Lenthius,  two 
of  thofe  that  are  faid  to  have  come  out  of 
their  graves  at  the  Relurredion  of  C  h  r  i  s  t. 
Thefe  names  feem  to' be^  borrowed  frotn  Leu- 
cius  Charinus,  of  wisdom  more  than  once 
before. 


I  cannot  forbear  rerpembring  in  this  place, 
from  the  affinity  of  theSubjed,  ;i8,the  Eter- 
nal  Gojpely  which,  abo\it  the  middle  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  was  forg'd  and  publifti'd 
by  the  mendicant  Ptycfs-,  as  the  perfedcrs 
^  ^  ^   '  (forlooth) 


Digitized 


by  Google 


TQ  TH^BAPOSTLE-Sr^c.    $9S 

(forfootb)  of  God's  Economy,    ,$cc  concern 
ing it  Matthew  Paris,  in  the  year  1257. 

CHAPTER    XIX. 

JJeahen  Books  forgd  to  propagate 
Chriftianity. 

I  HAVE  taken  notice,  in  the  5  th  Articio 
of  the  1 6th  Chapter,  of  books  that  were 
publilh'cl  under  the  names  of  remarkable 
Perfons  in  the  Old  Teftament ,  in  favor  of 
Christ  and  the  Chriftian  Religion,  But  as  if 
neither  by  thofc,  nor  by  others  mentioned  hi- 
therto in  this  CATALOGUE,  the  Caufe 
cou^d  be  fuflSciently  fecur'd  5  they  did  alfo 
feign  books,  to  fervc  the  fame  purpofe,  un- 
der riie  names  of  the  Heathens,  fome  of  which 
arc  as  follows : 

1 .  T  H  E  Works  of  Trismegistus,  which, 
if  not  altogether  forg'd  by  Chriftians,  are  fo 
much  interpolated  by  them,  that  there's  no 
diftinguifhing  the  genuin  from  the  fpurious 
parts.  '  They  are  extant  in  Grcec,  and  in  many 
Tranflations.  But  as  for  the  Dialogue,  en- 
titul'd  AscLEPius,  extant  only  in  Latin,  faid 
to  be  the  Tranflation  of  ApyLEius,  'tis  plain- 
ly of  heathen  original,  and  contains  many 
noble  footfteps  of  the  antient  Philofophy. 

2.  THE  Books  of  Zoroaster  and  Hv^ 
5TASPES.       Tho  th^  Greec  of  thefe  is  loft, 

yet 

'  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


i96      BOOKS    A^SCRIBED 

yat  Dn  Hyde,  in  his  Hiftoryof  $be  Rekgim 
of  the  anfient  Terjums^  Ym  pubiifh'd  to  the 
world,  that  he  liad  them  in  the  ancient  Per- 
iian  language,  in  which  they  were  originally 
written.  But  whether  in  their  origiQal  pun- 
t]E»  or  interpolated,  we  know  not ;  tho  more 
probably  the  laft,  by  region  qf  pertain  Prophe* 
cies  concerning  the  Messiah,  promised  by  the 
Doftor  in  his  very  title-page. 

3.  THE  Sibylline  Oracles,  cited  fo  frcr 
qvently,  and  with  (uch  authority  by  the  pri- 
mitive Fathers,  both  Greec  and  Latin,  tha^ 
Celsv^  takes  occafton  from  thence  to  nick* 
name  the  Clun|ftians  Sibyllifis.  Origen.  cath 
ft  a  Cetf  (.  5.  They  ^tc  extant,  fuch  as  fome 
Chriftians  have  made  them :  but  the  groflhe4 
pf  the  ^nipofture  has  been  abundantly  ej^pos'd 
by  many  able  pens,  tho  fevcral  of  late  C^- 
mongwhom  Mr.WHiSTON)  have  endeavor'd 
to  retrieve  the  credit  of  fome  of  them  5  which 
they  diftiiiguKh  in  a  manner  that  exad  Criti- 
cifhi  will  nqt  bear,  from  thofe  much  more 
numerous,  which  th^y  cp,nfefs  to  be  qfUQife^ 
ly  fuppofitions. 

4.  T  H  E  Epjlle  of  Lentulus,  a  Roman 
Senator^  giving  a  def^ription  of  the  Perfon  pf 
Christ.  It  is  extant,  with  fevcral  varipus 
Readings  5  and  was  formerly  in  high  credit 
with  the  Quakers,  who  found  that  it  cxadly 
rcfcmbrd  James  Nailer. 

J.  T«[E 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


to  triE  Al^bStLfe^,  &c.     39> 

5.  THE  Letters  ef  Pontius  Pilate  to 
Tiberius,  with  Tiberius's  Anfwer y^ndtYic 
Speech  of  Tiberius  to  the .  Semte^  about 
receiving  Christ  among  the  (Sods.  Thcfc^ 
With  another  book,  call'd  the  ASts  of  Pilate^ 
are  all  extant:  but  fo  full  of  InconfHlencieSy 
Anachronifms,  Fables,  ^nd  Abfurdities  Of  all 
forts  ,*  that  it  may  well  bear  a  difpute  who 
were  the  mod  ftupid,  the  forgers  or  the  be- 
lievers of  thefe  Pieces.  Yet  fo  great  was  their 
fuiccels^  that  the  Heathens,  in  the  reign  tif 
Maximin,  did  oppofe  to  them  other 
A£is  of  Pilate,  full  of  blalphemies  againit 
Christ:  and  Maximin  not  only  ordered 
them  to  be  publifti'd  evcty  where,  but  alfo 
to  be  learnt  by  boys  at  fchool.  This  We  are  told 
by  EusEBius,  Hifi.  Ecclef.  /•  9.  r.  5  5  and  by 
Nicephorus,  Htfi.  Ecclef.  L  7.  c.  26* ;  They 
were  in  all  probability  as  falfe  and  fabulous^ 
4s  the  Chrifiian  on^  y  which  lad  imposed  too 
much  lij^on  jOstiN  Martyr  and  Tertul* 
LI  AN,  or  Were  by  them  deceitfully  impdsi'd 
upon  others.  They  both  of  'em  confidently 
refer  to  them :  the  firft  in  his  frji  Apohgy^ 
and  the  fecond  in  his  Apologetic.  Eusebius 
likewife  fpeaks  favorably  of  them  in  his  Chro* 
mcUy  4nd  in  his  Ecclejtapical  Hifiorj^  /.  2. 
c.  i  $  and  Epiphanius,  naeref  j.ff.  i. 

6.  THE  Epifiks,  Refcripts,  ot  Orders  of 
Adrian,  Antoninus  Pius,  and  Marcus  Au« 
HELiuSy  in  favor  of  the  Chriftians  (evidently 


Digitized  b 


i9t       .90OKS   ASqRiBED 

convided  of  forgery  by  Tanaquil  Faber 
lind  others)  arc  cxtanb  in  Jwtin  M4F-TYR. 

.      /qH AFTER   XX.  / 

Of  the  Ga/pels  of  VALE }^TinE,  BA- 
'    SILIDES,    MARCION,   APPEL- 
;  LES,eRRINTHUS,  TATIAN, 
and  others. 

ir  DOUBT  not  but  by  this  time  the  Rea- 
J[^  dcr  thinks  I  am  at  the  end  of  nyr  C  A- 
JALOGV  lis  but  his  cur^olTty  miift  animate 
his  patience  a  little  longer: .  for  altho  it  con- 
fifts  already  of  nineteen  Chapters,  there;  muflr 
ftili  be  this  one  more  to  make  it  complete, 

I N  the  feventcenth  Chapter  wctdok  notice 
of  the  Gojfpel  of  Valentine  :  ai;d  the  other 
Gnoftics,'  according  to  ,(1^  EpiPHANrds,  had 
a  numerous  tribe  of  divine  Boolcs^  among 
^hich  Jddalbaoth  was  not  in  their  fcycs  the 
Icaft  vajuable/  BASiLit«Esf  alfo  wrote  his  own 
Gojpel,  as'(2)  Origejt,  in  concert  with. other 
writers,  cioes  aflert.  Yet  by  the  phrafe  of  Ba- 
sit,iviE.s'sGo/pel,  they  meant  perhaps  hisG?^- 
mefffdries:  for,  v/h^thct  it  were  upon  his 
own  or  lipoh  (bme  other,  he  wrote  no  fewer 
th^  twenty  four  boqks  of  Commentaries  on 

(2}  PrMcftu  Id  Luc.  Item  cmQat.  i6.  in  Mdt. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO  THE  APOSTLES^  8cc.    3V9 

the  G»^el$  tc^cther  with  his  Prophets  Bak* 
CABttAS^  and  Barcoph'  or  ParchOr;  -    - 

Dt^^tthe  Gojpel.of  Marcion,  xh&GoJpel 
of  Apj^EiLLEs,  and  thofci  of  fomc  other  repu- 
ted litrttics  mentioned  by  the  Fathers,  to 
have  been  their  Editions  or  InterpolMons  of 
other  Gojpels^  rather  than  original  coinpoil- 
tions  of  their  own.  - 

NOR  do  I  believe  Cerinthus  had  a  pc- 
ctdiai:  Gojpely  as  Epiphanius  (3)  doubcii^fy 
intimates  5  i  who*  is  further  at  a  lofs  whetber 
MERlNlfHVs  and  he  were  two>  or  one  and 
the'  ftittfe  perfon :  tho  'tis  a  thoufand  to  one, 
that  M*;rinthus  neVer  cxiftcd.  I  doubt  not 
for  wfy  part,  but  C^rinthus  and  his  com- 
pahions  ns'd  the  Gijfpel  of  the  Hebrews:,  as 
<lid  liktwife  the  C'iarpocratians :  for  both  thcfc 
wertf  but  fubdivifionsof  the  Nazareni  or  fi- 
ix>niies,  the  Fathers  loving  to  multiply  StSLs 
'  ^;wclil  as*  Gojpels  5  and  dubbing  every  man 
the  head  of  a  party,  who  made  any  new  dif- 
covery,:  or  had  any  private  opinion,,  tho  a- 
greeing  in  all  things  clfe  with  his  Church  or 
Society.  He  has  obferv'd  nothing,  who  has 
not  obfcrv'd  this  to^  be  their  temper  and 
pradice.  '  .   . 

THE  Encratites,  another  branch  from  the 
Nazaren  ftock,  did,  together  with'rhe>  Go/pel 
of  the  Egyptians^  makeufc  alfo  of  Tatian's 

(3)  HaereC  51. 


Digitized  byVjOOQl^ 


400        dOOKS   Ai^CRIBED 

G^Jpeli  which  was  compiTd  out  of  our  foik 
received  G^fptls^  or  out  of  fame  other  foori 
by  way  of  HMrmmy :  that  is,  by  varioufly 
cmititingy  adding,  tranfpofmg,  interponn^ 
foiningi  and  disjoining.  From  its  four  Ele- 
ments (as  we  may  fay)  Tatian's  Ge^fpel  was 
ciiX^DiMeJfsrM.  Epiphanius  (who  con- 
founds every  thing,  Gi^^/f  and  men)  miftakes 
it  (4)  for  the  juft  nam'd  Go/pel  of  the  He- 
brews^ as  he  took  this  latter  for  that  ctf  Mat* 
THEW.  So  he  %s  that  the  Ebionites  or  Na« 
zarens,  and  Cerinthus  a  great  man  among 
them,  left  out  (5)  of  tl^ir  G§Jpel  the  Gene- 
alogy of  Christ  i  and  yet,  in  the  very  fiuue 
difcourfe,  he  affirms  (<S)  that  not  only  C  s- 
RiNTHus,  but  likewife  Carpogras  (aao<^ 
Ebionite  of  diftindion)  wou'd  prove  hj  this 
very  Genealogy,  that  Christ  was  the  Son 
of  Joseph  and  Mary.  Bat  he  was  nor  ^ 
only  perfon  among  the  Orthodox,  on  whom 
Tatian  imposed:  for  Th^odoret  aflures us, 
that  his  GoJ^l  deceived  a  world  of  people  i 
and  that  he  had  himfelf  remov'd  (7)  alK>ve 
200  of  them  out  of  Churchcs>  placing  others 
in  their  fiead. 

THE  Manicheans  had  their  livifig  Gof^l: 
and  the  followers  of  Simon  Magus  (whom 
I  ought  to  have  namM  firft)  had,  befides  other 

(4)  Htercf.  30.  n*  i^ 

(5)  Haeref.  28.  lu  5.  jc  HacreC  )o«  ii»  3t  i}« 

(6)  Ibid.  n.  I). 

(7)  Haercf.  fiibuL  L  l.  d  att 

Sctq^tures; 

Digitized  by  VjT 


TO  THE  APOSTLES,  5cc.    401 

Scriptures,  four  Gofpels  very  difFetent  from 
ours.   . 

THERE    was  in   the  fecond    Cemurf 
one  Leu  ejus,   often  already  named,  that 
diftinguifli'd  himfelf  far  above  all  the  teft,  in 
forging  ot  falfifying  fuch  Books.     He  Was  ^ 
Prieft,  and  had  a  great  many  Names  befides 
that  of  Leucius  ;   as  Seleucus,  Leoktius, 
LuciAj^us,  Leuticius  or  Lenticius,  and 
fo  on,  fome  of  Adiich  were  probably  but  cor- 
ruptions of  his  true   name  by  Tranfcribers. 
He  pqblifh'd  Books  not  only  under  the  names 
of  Matthew,   James,  Peter,  and  John  % 
but   Ukewifc  many    under   that  of  Pa  tri., 
whom  he  particularly  affejfted.   He  made^^i^ 
^tiATaffions  of  the  Apoftles,  a  Nativity  of 
the  Virgin  Mary  :  and,    in   concert  with 
one  Hesychius  another  Prieft,    he  falfify'd 
many  Gojpels  5  as  J  erom  witneffes   in  his 
^refyce  to  the  Gojpels ^  and  for  which  Ge- 
rrASius,  in  his  ^ecree^  calls  him  the  ^ifci- 
pie  of  the  ^evlL    You  may  alfo  confult  a- 
bout  him,  among  many  others,  Augustine 
in  his  book  of  the  Faith  againji  the  Ma^ 
fUcheanSy  as  well  as  in  the  fecond  book  of 
T'ranfoBions  with  Felix  of  the  fame  fed, 
and  Photius  in  the  1 14^^  book  of  his  Z/- 
brary. 

Simon  and  Cleobulus  made  feveral  books 

under  the  names  of  Christ  and  his  Apoftles, 

VOL.L  Cc  ;ls 


Digitized 


by  Google 


402      BOOKS   ASCRIBED 

as  wc  learn  from  the  1 6^  Chapter   of  the 
6*  book  of  the  Apoftolic  Conjlitutions. 

THE  Hclcefaitcs  had  a  Book,  which  (as 
we  are  informed  by  (8)  Eusebius  and  by  (9) 
Theodoret)  they  pretended  was  yj^//f»^(9w» 
from  heaveny  )uft  as  the  Turks  fpcak  of  their 
Alcoran. 

Innocent  the  iirft,  in  his  3d  Letter  to 
ExuPERius,  aflurcs  us,  that  the  Philofophcrs 
l^EXOCHARiDAS  and  Leonidas  forg'd  Books 
under  the  name  of  Andrew  and  others. 

BUT,  to  take  one  huge  leap  over  the 
monftrous  and  infinite  impoftures  down  from 
the  fourth  Century  to  this  day  (excepting 
that  only  whereof  I  am  going  to  fpeak)  it 
is  not  yet  200  years  iince  the  Jefuit  Xavier 
imposed  for  Gofpel  on  his  Perfian  Converts, 
a  Hifiory  of  Christ  of  his  own  framing, 
very  different  in  many  things  from  the  Books 
of  the  New  Tefiament  5  and  containing  the 
groffeft  fables,  innovations  and  fuperftitions, 
of  Popery,  as  if.exprefly  taught  by  ChriSt 
and  his  Apostles.  After  this  book  had  been 
brought  to  Europe,  it  was  tranflated  into  La- 
tin, and  the  fraud  exposed  to  all  the  world 
by  LuDOVicus  de  Dieu,  a  Profeffor  at  Ley- 
den,   incomparably    skilful   in  the    oriental 


(8)  «ift.  Etrclef.  \,  6.  c.  ^%. 
.(S>)   Haerct.  febuL  1.  2.  4,  7. 


Ian- 
Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


TO   THE   AP  O  StLE  S,&G.  4<53 

languages.  To  the  fame  volume  our  Jcfuit 
did  join,  out  of  profound  refped  to  the  Ro- 
man Pontif  and  Hierarchy,  a  moft  romantic 
Hiftory  afViSsT'E'R^  Prince  of  the  Church, 
and  proto-parent  of  the  Popes,  with  which 
extraordinary  Piece  I  end  this  CATA- 
LOGUE- 


Cc  z 


THEB 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


40+    SECRET  HISTORY  OF 


THE 

SECRET  HISTORY 

OF    THE 

South -Sea  Scheme  *. 

IntroduSfion. 

I N  Aft  having  paft  laft  Sclfion  of  Par- 
liament for  vefting  the  Eftatcs  of  all 
the  Direftors,  without  any  diftin^on, 
m  Truffees  for  the  benefit  of  the 
South  Sea  Company ;  thefe  Memoirs  are 
made  public  to  bring  to  light  the  dark  con* 
trivances  of  thofc  men,  who  were  the  caufc 
of  all  the  misfortunes  which  attended  the  a- 
mazing  execution  of  the  Scheme,  which  can- 
not be  extenuated,  nor  any  other  way  excused. 
But  'tis  hoped  it  may  appear  by  this  Dif- 
courfe  that  the  artifices  of  the  Decemvirs,  or 
at  leaft  of  the  principal  of  them,  were  fo 
deeply  laid,  the  meafures  for  compafling  their 
ends  fo  cunningly  taken,  and  the  whole  exe- 
cuted with  that  premeditated  precipitancy  and 
conftifion  (the  fureft  method  for  preventing 
circumlpeftion  or  examination)   that  it  was 

not 

♦  This  Piece  \%  not  MnToLAKD^but  it  was  found  among 
JsEs  MSS,  and  is  enlarged  and  correSed  throughout  with  bif 
cfwn  hand*  ^        ^ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.  405 

not  poflible  for  the  well-meaning  Dircdors  to 
cppofe  the  torrent  fo  effedually,   as  to  pre* 
vent  the  ill  efFeds  of  thofe  impofitions,  which 
were  fo  magifterially  put  upon  them.     This 
will  not  appear  improbable,  farlcfs  incredible, 
if  it  be  particularly   confidered,    that   whilft 
thefe  things  were  tranfafting,  the  Decemvirs 
were  the  idols  of  the  people  5  and,  as  the  dif^ 
tributors  of  thofe  fancy'd  blelfings  they  were 
fliowring  upon  them,    little  lefs  than  ador'd. 
Every  body  remembers  this  fo  well,  that  there 
needs  no  further  proof  of  it ;   no  more  than 
that  the  other  Direftors  were  look'd  upon  as 
cyphers,   and  men  that  had  no  fhare  in  the 
honor.     Many  therefore  are  inclined  to  be- 
lieve,  that  fmce   a  diftinftion  there  was  be- 
tween the  Direftors,  (which  will  appear   un- 
deniably by  fhe  fcquel),  if  there  had  been  a 
diftindion   likewife  in  cenfuring  them,   and 
that  tiie  Punifhment  had  extended  no  farther 
than   to  the  authors  of  the  mifchief,  by  mak- 
ing the  plunder  to  be  rcftored,  and  the  unjuft 
gains  to  be  refunded  5  that  if  the  old  Eftates, 
they    had  before  th§  Scheme,    had  been  left 
to   the   Dircdors    who   behaved    themfelvcs 
honeftly :  it  had,  it  is  hunably  conceived,  been 
neither  difagreeable  to  the  rules  of  juftice^   nor 
difplcafing  to  the  reafonable  part  of  mankind^ 
and  perhaps  had  brought  as  *  much  raony  in- 
to the  Company's  coffers,  at  Icaft  ^ith  more 
certainty  and  fpeed,  than  this  fcverity  ufcd  a- 
gainft  them  all  without  diftindion,is  likely  f  o  do. 
yV^Jfi^t  weight  or  jufticc  there  may  be  in  tfiis,  vi^^ 

Cc  $  ?ippc|r 

zedbyVjOOgle 


Digitized  b 


406      SECRET  HISTORY  Oi 

appear  from  the  following  account  of  the 
wholes  in  which  fome  will  perhaps  be  fur- 
priz'd,  or  perhaps  angry,  to  find  certain  pcr- 
fons  otherwifc  reprefented,  than  they  conceiv- 
ed, or  elfe  wilh'd  'em  to  be :  but  the  Author 
of  it  has  taken  a  refolution  from  the  begin- 
ning, not  to  gratify  the  paffions  or  refent- 
mcnts  of  others,  no  more  than  his  owns  and 
to  fay  neither  lefs  nor  more,  then  he  really 
believes  to  be  Truth. 

THE  SECRET  HISTORY,  &c. 

IN  the  beginning  of  the  year  1719,  the 
South-Sea  Company  undertook  to  take  in, 
and  add  to  their  Stock,  the  Lottery  of  17 10: 
and  altho'  the  whole  was  not  fubfcribed,  yet 
the  dciign  fuccceded  fo  far,  as  that  the  Com- 
pany got  70000 1.  and  the  Government  about 
300000 1.  by  the  undertaking.  This  fuccefs 
gave  thoughts  of  doing  fomething  of  the  like 
nature,  the  next  SejGlion  of  Parliament.  But 
the  progrefs  of  the  Miffiffipi  Company  a- 
bout  that  time  having  intoxicated,  and  turn- 
ed the  brains  of  moft  people,  Appius's  mind 
was  thereby  wonderfully  affefited,  and  from  his 
natural  inclination  to  Projeds,  fo  inflamed, 
that  he  could  brook  no  longer  the  narrow 
thoughts  he  h^d  entertained  before,  of  engaging 
for  one  or  two  branches  of  the  public  Funds 
only;  but  carried  on  his  views  for  taking  in 
at  once  all  the  national  Debts,  the  Bank  and 
Eaft  India  Company  included  i  often  faying, 
^'  That  as  Mr.  Law  had  taken  his  pattern  from 

:^hiai, 

^  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC  ' 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.  407 

^'  him,  and  improved  upon  what  was  done 
"  here  the  year  before  in  relation  to  the  Lot- 
*^  tery  of  1710,  he  would  now  improve  up- 
*^  on  what  was  done  in  France,  and  out-do 
"  Mr,  Law/'  Unhappy  Emulation !  for  any 
hook,  artfully  cover  d  with  fuch  a  tempting  bait, 
was  furc  to  be  fwallow'd.  To  put  his  concep- 
tions in  a  method  of  being  underftood,  he  con- 
fulted  the  Treafurer  of  the  Company,  and  ano- 
ther perfon  who  was  vulgarly  reputed  to  have 
ftudied  the  black  art,  his  near  relation  and  bofom 
friend,and  who  was  then  chiefAccountant  to  the 
Company.  Nor  was  it  abfurdly  imagined  of  the 
town,  to  take  a  man  for  a  Negromancer,  Conju- 
rer, or  what  you  pleafe  more  artful,  who  cou  d 
bring  his  horfes  to  eat  gold,  when  they  did 
not  like  hay  3  and  from  a,  grinder  of  Coffee 
fo  to  order  his  affairs,  that  a  noble  Duke  and 
a  Marquis  thought  it  an  honor  to  fupport 
him  under  each  arm,  being  crippKd  with  the 
gout',  and  to  help  him  into  his  coach  with 
itiofl  profound  refped.  O  tempora !  O  mores  ! 
"With  the  help  of  the  Treafurer  and  this  fame 
Mcphoftophilus,  Appius  form'd  that  famous 
Scheme,  which  has  fmce  proved  fo  fatal,  and 
brought  fo  much  uneafinefs  upon  the  Nation. 
He  had  no  fooner  got  his  Scheme  ready,  but 
he  made  application  to  the  prime  Minifler, 
by  means  of  a  perfon  who  had  free  accefs  to 
him  :  but  whether  his  Lordfhip  difliked  the 
Projedor  or  the  Projed,  he  would  not  fee 
Appius,  and  referred  him  to  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer.    This  is  certain  fad.    Ap- 

Cc  4  plus's 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


4o8      SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

Pius's  high  fpirit  could  not  well  digeft  being 
thus  treated,  and  faid  that  his  Scheme  was  of 
fuch  importance  that  it  ought  to  be  commu- 
nicated to  none  but  the  King  himfelf  or  his 
prime  Miniftcr.  However  being  unwilling 
to  lole  the  fruits  of  his  labour,  and  having 
fome  acquaintance  with  one  of  the  Secretaries 
of  State,  who  had  been  at  the  head  of  the 
Trcafury,  he  went  to  his  Lordfhip  and  fhcVd 
him  the  Scheme  :  but  meeting  there  with 
feveral  objeftions,  and  a  diflike  of  the  whole 
in  the  main,  Appius  found  himfelf  under  a 
neceflity  either  of  going  to  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Exechequer,  or  of  laying  afide  all 
thoughts  of  his  Projed.  Former  occurrences 
not  having  left  thofe  two  gentlemen  ^ordial 
friends,  he  took  with  him  the  Treafurer,  and 
Mr.  H . , .  .  •  one  of  the  Direftprs  who  was 
much  in  the  Chancellor's  favour:  i  and  after 
feveral  meetings  having  got  over  fome  dijffi- 
culties,  which  were  thrown  in  his  way  by 
another  Society,  th^t  n^urrowly  watched  his 
fteps,  the  Scheme  was  entertained,  and  open- 
ed to  the  Houff  of  Commons  in  the  manner 
every  body  knows :  three  Millions  being  of- 
fered without  the  confent  of  the  general  ^!k)urt, 
or  the  knowledge  of  the  Court  of  fc>ire<aors  i 
a  prefumption  perhaps  not  to  be  parallerd  iii 
any  paft  traiifaaion;  but  oerfedly  of  a  piece 
with  Appius%  ifutuf e  pondud  in  the  in'anagc- 
ment  of  that  important  affair.  The  B ank  hav- 
ing thought  fit  to  interpofe,  and  to  bid  more 
than  the  Chancellor  had  offered,  Appius  rc- 

/  *  folving 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE  SOUTHSEA  SCHEME.  409 

folving  to  ftick  at  nothing  to  carry  his  point, 
got  an  order  of  Court  to  leave  it  to  the 
$ub  and  Deputy  Governors  to  offtt  what 
they  fliould  think  fit  r  who  having  bid  feven 
Millions  and  a  half,  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
accepted  their  Propofal. 

THERE  were  not  thofe  wanting  at  that 
time  amongft  the  Directors,  and  alfo  amongft 
thofe  in  a  higher  ftation,   who  thought  that 
undertaking   too  bold  for  any  fociety  5    and 
that   in^ead  of  a    fum  certain,    it  had  been 
better  and  fafcr  to  proceed  in^he  fame  man- 
ner as  the  year  before,  viz.  that  the  govern- 
ment fhould  have  a  fharc  of  the  profit  which 
might  accrue  by   the  undertaking,    as,   fup- 
pofc,    two  thirds  or  three  fourths.     By  this 
mjCthod  no  gain  of  the  Company,  tho'  ever 
fo  great,  could  have  been  invidious,  fjnce  the 
public  would  have  had    the  greateft   fhare: 
the  Government  and  the  Company  being  u- 
oited  in  intereft,   the  Scheme  in  all  events 
would  Jiave  been  fupported :  and  pcrfons  of 
confequei}??,    and  experienced  in  affairs  of  a 
higher  nature,   would   have    been  join'd   in 
commilfion  for  the  due  executing  of  it.   But 
this    did  not  fuif  with  the  inclinations    and 
views  of  fome  men,  whofe  aim  was  to  ingrofs 
to  themfelves  the  power  of    executing    the 
Scheme,  which  they  believed  they  had  craft 
enough  to  compafs,  if  it  was  left  to  the  ma- 
nagement of  the  Court  of  Diredors.     There* 
fore  in  due  t|me  they  procured  a  Commiffi' 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


410      SECRET    HISTORY  OP 

on,  unknown  to  the  other  Directors,  confti- 
tuting  the  one  and  thirty  of  that  Court  to  be 
Truftees  and  Managers  for  taking  in  the  public 
Debts :  which  was,  in  efFe£t,  giving  the  folc 
power  to  fix  or  feven  of  them  5  as  they  who 
know  any  thing  about  a  Court  of  Diredors, 
will  readily  own. 

IN  confequence  of  the  Propofal  made  in 
the  name  of  the  Company,  and  accepted  by 
the  Houfe  of  Commons,   a  Bill  was  ordered 
to  be  brought  in ;   and  Appitrs  got  a  Com- 
mittee appointed,   as  is  ufual  for   ail    Com- 
panies in  fuch  cafes  to  do,  for  taking  care  that 
the  Bill  fbould  be  conformable  to  the  Vro- 
fofal:   for  this  is  precifely  all  that  ever  was 
or  could  be  intended  by  taking  care  of  the 
Billy  as  it  was  commonly  worded  5  and  not 
that  the  Committee  ftiould  ufe  all  ways   and 
means,  Bribery  not  excepted,  to  have  it  pafs'd. 
In  this  fenfe  the  Court  of  Diredors  never  un- 
derftood  it,  and  therefore  the  Committee  prov- 
ing too  numerous  for  Appius,   more  being 
named  than   he  intended;    and  there   being 
fomc  amongft   them,   whom  he  knew  were 
not  to  be  brought  into  his  meafures :  he  pro- 
pofed,    under  pretence   of  fecrecy,    that  it 
fliould    be  left  to  the  Sub  and  Deputy-Go* 
yernors  to  take  ^  care  of  the  Billj  Qviz,  that 
the  Bill,  as  has  been  faid  already,  ftiould  be 
agreeable  to  the  Propofal)  with  the  advice  of 
fuch  of  the  Diredors  as  they  fliould  think  fit. 
This  the  Court  of  Diredors  unwarily  came 

into. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.    411 

into,  having  an  intire  confidence  in  thofe  two 
gentlemen,  whofc  reputation  was  then  clear 
and  unblemifli'd.  But  fuch  an  unadvifedcon* 
ceffion  laid  the  foundation  of  all  the  future 
incroachments  upon  the  Court  of  Diredors 
themfelves:  for  no  fooner  was  this  point 
gained,  but  Appius  thinking  it  a  fit  oppor^^ 
tunity  to  ufurp  a  power  for  ever,  which  wa$ 
only  granted  for  a  time,  work'd  upon  the 
Sub  and  Deputy-Governors  to  extend  this 
cpnceffion  to  the  whole  Scheme  5  and  to 
conftitute  by  their  own  authority,  and  with-; 
out  acquainting  the  Court  of  Diredors  with 
it,  a  Cabinet  Council,  as  it  may  very  juftly: 
be  caird,  which  ftiould  concert  and  direft  ali, 
the  affairs  of  the  Company  in  relation  to  the 
Scheme.  This  Council  was  majde  up  of  the 
Sub  and  Deputy  Governors,  Ai^pius,  Mr, 

C  . .  • .  Mr.  G  . . . .  Mr.  H and  the  Tre?,- 

furer  ,  who  aded  with  them  as  Secretary,  This 
laft,  upon  his  examination  *  on  the  2  ift  of  Ja- 
nuary^ which  was  the  day  he  went  away,  own'd 
the  truth  of  this,  and  acquainted  the  Secret 
Committee,  that  the  Sub  and  Deputy-Gover- 
nors, with  the  advice  of  fuch  Diredors  as  they 
fhould  think  fit,  had  the  diredion  of  the 
Scheme,  and  that  thofe  gentlemen  they  conr 
fulted  with,  were  Sir  LB-  Mr.  C . . .  Mr.  G . . . 
and  Mr.  H . . .  But  bcfidcs  this  cabinet  Coun-? 
pil,  Appius  fecured  to  his  particular  intereft, 
Mr.  H ,  • . . ,  and  Mr.  S two  of  the  Di^ 

*  Ip  pf  II,  of  the  printed  R^i^ 

^  -   .  "'  yeftors 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


412       SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

rcdlors  of  thcTrcafury,  and  the  chief  Account 
tant  5  and  at  the  head  of  thcfe  ten,  who  were 
all  fubfervient  to  his  defigns,  he  governed  after- 
wards according  to,  his  wiU  and  pleafurc  all 
the  affairs  of  the  Company. 

NOT  unlike  to  Appius  (as  was  faid  be- 
fore) and  the  Decemviri  of  old,  who  being 
appointed  with  a  Didatorial  power  for  com- 
piling and  reducing  into  ten  Tables,  the  Laws 
which  were  brought  from  Greece  5  and  hav- 
ing once  got  pofleffion,  attempted  to  make 
their  power  perpetual.  Nay,  they  adually 
kept  it,  tin  by  their  unjuft  and  violent  pro- 
ceedings, they  had  almoft  overturned  the  Com- 
monwealth :  and  enraged  the  people  to  that 
degree,  that  they  conftrairied  Appius,  the 
head  of  thofc  Decemvirs,  to  kill  himfelf  in 
prifon,  and  by  his  death  an  end  was  put  to 
the  tyranny. 

JHE  iirft  thing  our  Appius  did,  after  he 
had  fettled  his  Decemvirate,  was  to  take  effec- 
tual care  of  fecuring  the  paffing  of  the  Bill 
(inftead  of  feeing  that  the  Bill  was  anfwcra- 
ble  to  the  Propof  al)  in  order  to  which,  the  fale 
of  the  fiditioiis  Stock  was  thouglit  of,  as  the 
moft  effeftual  way  to  bring  it  about.  But  they 
are  much  miftaken,  who  think  that  the  whole 
57+500 1.  were  diftributed  amongft  Lords  or 
Members  of  Parliament  for  thatpurpofe.  They 
may  take  it  for  granted,  that  Appius  and  his 
Colleagues  took  a  good  fhaye  of  it  for  them- 

fcivcsj 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.  413 

fclvcs,  when  they  faw  the  price  of  Stock  ad- 
vance i  and  fold  it  afterwards  at  a  proper 
time,  which  enabled  them  to  pay  the  diffe- 
rence according  to  their  engagements,  with- 
out charging  the  Company  with  it.  As  they 
intended  to  conceal  this  tranfadion,  and  to 
keep  it  from  the  knowledge  of  all  others  as 
long  as  they  could,  they  poftponed  laying  be* 
fore  the  Committee  of  Treafury  the  entry  in 
the  Cafli  Book,  relating  to  the  fale  of  that 
ftock,  till  the  beginning  of  June,  which  was 
full  two  months  after  it  was  done  s  fo  that 
they  had  time  enough  to  cncrcafe  it  at  their 
pleafure. 

B  Y  this  entry    in  the  Cafh  Book  it  did 
not  appear,  to  whom   the  ftock  was  fold ; 
neither  did  they  deliver  any  account  thereof 
to  the  Committee  of  Accounts,  as  is  ufual  : 
for  the  Committee  of  Treafury  has  nothing 
to  do  with  the  examining  of  Accounts  (which 
was  unfortunately  underftood  to  be  otherwife, 
by   fome  Gentlemen  in  an  eminent  ftation) 
but  are  only  to  fee  that  the  Cafli  belonging  to 
the  Company  be  kept  right,  and  that  the  mony 
be  duly  paid,   when  they  receive  notice  of 
what  is  to  be  paid  from  the  Committee  of 
Accounts.     And  this  may  be  faid  to  the  honor 
of  the  Committee  of  Treafury,  that,   not- 
-withftandmg    the   many    irregularities  com- 
rnitted  by  the  Treafurer,  in  matters  which 
were  not  under  their  infpeftion,   but  were 
underhand   ordered  by   Appius,   or  the  Ca- 
binet 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


414      SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

binct  Council:  they  yet  had  fuch  a  watch- 
ful eye  over  him,  in  what  did  properly  re- 
late to  their  bufinefs,  that  there  was  no  de- 
ficiency in  the  Cafti  during  all  that  confufed 
and  h^y  tranfadion. 

THE  very  day  that  the  Bill  had  the  Royal 
Aflcnt,  Appius  began  tofet  his  engines  at 
work,  in  order  to  a  mony  Subfcription.  As 
this  was  a  new  thing,  and  had  never  been 
talk'dof  before,  he  did  not  think  proper  to 
propofe  it  abruptly  5  but  the  better  to  difguife 
his  concerting  matters  in  private,  he  appoint- 
ed a  meeting  of  the  major  part  of  the  Diredors, 
where  it  was  long  debated  what  was  fit  to  be 
done  for  fupporting  the  Price  of  the  Stock, 
which  was  then  falling,  whether  by  artifice  or 
naturally  is  not  well  known :  and  a  Subfcrip- 
tion being  propofed  at  300,  feveral  of  thofe, 
who  were  not  in  the  fccret,  exprcfl  their 
fears  of  the  fuccefs  of  it,  efpedally  at  fo 
much  above  the  market-price.  But  when 
it  came  to  the  queftibn,  it  was  eafily  car- 
ried for  fuch  a  Subfcription,  as  had  been  a- 
greed  before-hand  :  for  fome  of  his  Col- 
leagues, the  better  to  bring  others  into  their 
opinion,  faid  that  they  were  already  fure  of 
good  fum$,  and  that  their  friends  were  fond 
of  it  at  that  rate  5  which  could  not  have  been 
faid,  if  thofe  friends  had  not  been  fpoke  to  be- 
fore the  meeting.  This  Subfcription,*  taken 
on  the  14th  of  April,  was  intended  by  the 
Court  of  Diredors  for-^tiwb  Millions,  and  a 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ  I 


THE  SOUTHSEA  SCHEME.  41^ 

great  deal  of  pains  was  taken  to  keep  it  to 
that  fum :  but  the  Cabinet  Council  found 
means  to  cncreafe  it  to  22 50000 1,  and  to 
keep  that  exceeding  for  themfelves  j  which, 
one  would  think,  fhould  exclude  others  from 
their  punifhment  in  that  refped,  as  it  did  in 
their  guilt. 

THIS  fucceeding  fo  well,  and  the  price 
advancing  even  beyond  their  expectations,  a- 
bout  a  fortnight  after  a  Court  was  called  un- 
cxpededly,  and  Appius  moved  for  another 
Subfcription  of  one  Million  ^t  400,  and  to 
take  it  immediately.  Several  of  the  Diredors, 
who  were  not  apprized  of  the  matter,  begg'd 
for  two  or  three  days  time,  that  they  might 
fpeak  to  their  friends  5  but  all  to  no  purpofe. 
The  Gentlemen  of  the  Cabinet  Council  were 
ready,  and  had  taken  their  meafures  5  if  the 
others  were  not  fo,  they  muft  be  contented 
with  a  lefs  fum  :  and  accordingly  each  Di- 
reftor  had,  in  this  fecond  Subfcription,  taken 
on  the  2 9th  of  April,  but  26000 1.  allowed  for 
himfelf  and  friends,  and  his  Lift  ordered  to  be 
delivered  to  the  Sub-Governor  the  next  day. 
The  remainder,  being  246000 1.  was  left  to 
the  Sub  and  Deputy- Governors,  to  difpofc  of 
at  their  pleafure.  The  greatnefs  of  the  fum 
left  to  thofe  two  Gentlemen  was  objedcd  a- 
gaihft,  to  which  anfwer  was  made  that  they  had 
a  great  miny  to  oblige.  Sometime  after,  the 
Sub-Governor  declared  to  the  Court,  that  they 
could  not  help  taking  in  as  far  as  1 200000 1; 

the 

Digitized  b7  VjOOQIC 


415      SECRET  HISTORY   OF 

the  demand  was  fo  great  from  all  the  parts  of 
the  town  5  which  the  Court  readily  enough  ac- 
quiefced  in,  being  fenfible  that  it  was  fo.  But 
they  were  extremely  furprifed,  when  ibme 
days  after,  the  price  being  conAderably  ad- 
vanced, they  heard  it  declared  from  the  Chair, 
without  any  excufe,  that  the  Subfcription  a- 
mounted  to  1 500000 1.  This  bold  ftroke  oc- 
cafioned  a  great  deal  of  murmuring  amongjB: 
the  Directors-  The  Subfcription  Book  was 
called  for,  to  be  laid  upon  the  table  for  the 
Dire£tors  to  perufe.  But  in  vain  5  no  Subfcrip- 
tion Book,  nor  any  Lift  of  the  names  of  the 
Subfcribers  could  ever  be  feen,  till  the  Parlia^ 
ment  called  for  it :  and  the  well-meaning  Di- 
rectors were  fo  little  regarded,  that  they  were 
refufed  to  be  admitted  to  fee,  if  their  o\^n 
names  or  their  friends,  for  whom  they  had  fub- 
fcribed,  wcore  in  the  Book.  Many  of  thofe 
friends,  eager  at  that  time  to  know  what  they 
thought  their  good  fortune,  could  with  diffi- 
culty believe  fuch  Directors  as  ftrove  to  oblige 
them:  nor  were  they  ever  fatisfy'd,  till  the 
general  Inquiry  convinced  them.  This  infult- 
ing  and  unheard  of  way  of  proceeding  left  no 
room  to  doubt,  but  that  thefe  laft  3  00000 1. 
were  kept  for  the  benefit  of  the  Decemviri, 
and  fhared  amongft  them,  as  the  incrcafed 
2 5 0000 U  in  the  firft  Subfcription  had  been; 
which  was  fo  grating  upon  the  minds  of  the 
other  Directors,  that  they  were  once  very  near 
refolving  to  rebel,  as  they  ufed  tq  cxprels 
themfelves.    And  in  ofFeft  they  would  have 

done 


Digitized 


by  Google 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.  41? 

done  it,  had  there  been  any  other  remedy  but 
calling  a  General  Court,  and  making  there  a 
formal  complaint  5  which  they  feared  would 
have  been  ill  received  at  that  time,  confidering 
the  prevailing  humour  of  the  town  in  favour 
of  Appius  and  his  Colleagues  in  the  condud  of 
the  Scheme.     Nor  was  fuch   a  fear  vain  or 
groundlefs :  for   the  infatiable  defire  of  get- 
ting, and  the  flattering  profpeft  of  doing  fo, 
with  which  Appius  had  bewitched  people  by 
falfe  appearances,  were  fo  ftrong,  that  he  who 
fliou'd  dare  to  oppbfe  him,  or  to  "expofc  Jiis 
artifices,  woud  have  been  generally  dccry'd 
as  an  envyer  of  his  parts,    an  enemy  to  the 
Scheme,  one  that  wou'd  never  have  the  pub- 
lick  debts  difcharg'd,    and  an  oppofer  of  the 
nieafures  of  the  Government,  if  not  difafFcdcd 
to  it  i    and  'tis  even    doubtful,    whether   he 
could  erfcape  without  ill  treatment  to  his  per- 
fon,  from  more  quarters  than  one.     Let  peo- 
ple but  refleft  a  little  upon  the  general  mad- 
nc(s  of  thofe  days,    and  they  may  be  fafely 
appealed  to  for  the  truth  of  all  this.     How- 
ever, the  jealoufy  ran  fo  high,  that  the  Court 
of  Directors  came  to  a  refolution  to  take  no 
more  money  Subfcriptions,  and  repeated  this 
order  three   feveral   times.     This  refraftori- 
ncfs  in  the  Court  putting  Appius  to  a  ftand, 
lie  judged  it   beft  to  let  this  humour  cool  5 
and  therefore  he  propofed    nothing  to   the 
Court   for  fome  time,   nor  was  any  Com- 
rnittee  of  Treafury  held  during  five  whole 
^wceks.    For  befides  the  uneafinefs  about  the 
Vol.  I  Dd  ,,,.e.S^83^gle 


4IS      SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

mony  fubfcriptions,  there  were  other  caufcs 
of  difcontcnt  amongft  the  Diredors.  The  fub- 
fcription  of  the  long  Annuities  and  other  irre- 
deemable Debts,  had  been  taken  in  fuch  a 
manner,  and  in  fo  much  hafte,  that  it  gave 
a  general  diffatisfadion  i  and  raoft  of  the  Di- 
rectors were  not  able  to  prevent  feveral  of 
their  friends,  from  being  difoblig'd :  another 
thing  about  which  they  can  make  their  Ap- 
peal  to  equitable  perfons, 

THE  lending  of  the  mony  arifmg  by  the 
two  mony  fubfcriptions  was  very  warmly 
contended  againft.  Many  in  the.  Court  de- 
clared their  opinion,  and  infilled  upon  it, 
that  this  mony  fhould  be  applied  to  pay  off 
the  Redcemablesi  and  by  dint  of  argument 
forc'd  Appjus  to  own,  that,  there  was  a  great  * 
deal  of  reafon  in  what  they  faid :  but  he  an- ' 
fwer'd,  that  he  had  already  taken  other  mea- 
fures,  and  was  for  following  the  humour  of 
people,  who  were  fond  of  the  ftock  at  any 
rate  ,•  and  that  there  was  no  other  way^  to 
pleafc  them,  but  by  giving  them  ftock  for 
their  Annuities.  Neverthelefs ,  confidcring 
this  oppofition,  he  thought, it  his  beft  way  to 
temporize,  and  to  wait  for  a  fitter  time  to 
put  his  further  defigns  in  execution  :  for  hav- 
ing the  Chair  on  his  fide,  both  in  the  Court 
of  Diredors  and  in  the  Committee  of  Trea- 
fury,  he  could  haften  or  delay  bringing  things 
to  a  determination,  juft  as  he  pleafed,   and 

watch 

Digrtized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.  419 

watch  opportanities  when  oppofers  were  ab- 
fcnt. 


ANOTHER  thing  very  much  mortified 
the  generality  of  the  Directors  i    which  was 
this.     The  Cabinet  Council  kept  at  firft  their 
meetings  very  private,  skulking  in  fome  by- 
place  or  tavern  in  the  night,  and  often  fhift- 
ing  from  one  houfe  to  another  3  endeavour- 
ing to  manage  it  fo,  that  the  Court  of  Di- 
redors  fhould  not  fufped  they  afted  in  con- 
cert :  and  therefore  in  the  debates  they  would 
fometimes  oppofe  one  another,  the  better  to 
prevent   their    confederacy  being  difcovered* 
But  now  being  grown  warm  in  the  faddle, 
and  the  applaufe  they  met  with  abroad  mak- 
ing them  bold  at  home  5  they  thought  it  be- 
neath them  to  put  any  longer  reftraint  upon 
their  adions  5  and  therefore  kept  their  meet- 
ings at  the  Treafurcr's  houfe,   on  the  fanic 
day  and  at  the  fame  hour,   that  the  Court  of 
Diredors  was  appointed  to  meet,  which  was 
commonly  at  ten  of  the  clock  in  the  forenoon. 
Thete  concerting  their  meafures  among  them- 
felves,and  little  regarding  the  attendance  of  the 
other  Diredors,  who  waited  in  the  Court-room, 
they  freqiaently  made  them  ftay  till  twelve  or 
one,  and  fometimes  till  two  or  three  a  clock,  be*» 
fore  they  came  in  to  keep  the  court:   and 
after  the  ufual  bufinefs  was  difpatch'd,  as  read- 
ing the  minutes  of  the  preceeding  Courts  and 
Committees,   and  that  Gentlemen  were  fuffi^ 
cicntly  tired,  then  what, they  had  agreed  upon 


4ao      SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

was  abruptly  propofed,  and  muft  be  imme- 
diately done  in  a  hurry  i  which  was  perhaps 
one  of  their  reafons  for  making  them  wait 
Co  long.  At  Icaftit  had  fuch  an  cffcCt.  This 
was  their  conftant  way  of  managing,  which 
made  the  other  Dircdors  almoft  diftradcd, 
and  many  of  them  afliamed  of  fitting  amongil 
them,  which  they  often  told  their  friends. 

Appius  knew  that  the  fcene  of  adion  would 
be  in  the  Trcafury.     But  tho'  he  was  furc  of 
the  Sub  and  Deputy-Governors  and  two  more 
of  that  Committee  i  and  that  the  Cafhier,Dc- 
puty-Cafhicr,  and  all  the  Clerks  were    intireiy 
at  his  devotion,  as  looking  upon  him  to  be 
the  man  who  had  the  fole  diredion  of  the 
Scheme :  yet  being  fenfible,  that  there   were 
fom^  of  that  Committee,  who  would  never 
approve  his  proceedings  j  he  made  it  his  main 
ftudy  to  render  them  infignificant,  and  thus 
he  contriv'd  it.    Tis  the  cuftom  of  that  Com- 
pany, that  each  Handing  Committee  has  always 
one  of  the  Diredors  for  its  Chairman,  and  a 
certain  day  in  the  week  is  appointed  for  their 
meeting.     This  Chairman  takes  care  to  have 
the  minutes  entered,  and  to  report  the  tranf- 
adions  of  that  Committee,    of  which  he  is 
Chairman,  to  the  Court.     The  Sub  and  De- 
puty-Governors may  attend  any  of  thefc  Com- 
mittees,  and   take  the  Chair  if  they  plcafc, 
which  they  feldom  do,*    but  ftill  the  Chair^ 
man  is  the  pcrfon,  who  accounts  to  the  Court 
for  the  proceedings  of  his  Committee.     Now 

Digitized  by  GoOg  I        thC 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.  4" 
the  Committee  of  Treafury,  no  lefs  than  o- 
thcr  Committees,  was  under  thefe  reftriftions 
before  :  but  fuch  a  regular  practice  would 
have  proved  an  obftadc  to  Appius's  defigns. 
Wherefore  the  following  methods  were  con- 
trived by  him,  to  make  all  oppofition,  a- 
gainft  whatever  he  intended  to  accomplifli,  in- 
cfFeftual:  x 

Firft,  The  Committee  could  not  be  fum- 
moned  but  by  the  Sub  or  Deputy-Governor's 
orders,  who  were  namely  and  in  a  particular 
manner  made  Chairmen  of  that  Committee; 
which  was  a  manifefl  innovation. 

Secondly,  No  bulinefs  relating  to  the 
Scheme  could  be  agreed  upon  or  debated, 
unlefs  both  or  one  of  them  were  prefcnt. 

Thirdly,  No  day  certain  being  fixed  for 
meeting,  as  in  this  and  other  Comipittees  be- 
fore, they  had  it  in  their  power  to  caUi  a 
Committee  on  a  fudden,  or  to  forbear  caU 
ling  any  Committee  at  all  5  when  any  thing 
had  been  done  by  private  diredion,  which 
they  had  a  mind  to  conceal,  as  it  was  the 
cafe  in  May  and  July,  no  Committee  having 
been  held  during  thofe  two  months. 

Fourthly,  When  any   thing    of    moment 

was  to  be  done,  care  was  taken  that  Appius 

and  his  Colleagues  ihould  be  there  to  give 

their  advice,    And  this  was  fp  conftantly  the 

Dd  3  pradice. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


422       SECRET  HISTORY    OE 

prafticc,  that  there  never  was  any  thing  done 
relating  to  the  Scheme  by  the  Committee  of 
Treafury,  without  the  affiftance  (as  it  was  cal- 
led) of  fcvcral  of  the  Cabinet  Council,  who 
debated  and  voted  as  if  they  had  been  of  that 
Committee  j  a  thing  never  done  in  any  other 
Committee,  nor  in  this,  before. 

Fifthly,  Appius  contrived  fo  much  bufinefs 
for  the  office,  that  the  Clerk  feldom  had  time 
to  attend  the  Committee  5  and  the  Treafurer 
generally  took  the  minutes  in  haftc,  and  ujh 
on  loofe  (heets,  which  was  done  defigncdly: 
that  the  minutes  might  be  altered  according 
to  Appius's  diredions,  before  they  were  en- 
tered in  the  Book ;  for  as  he  was  not  one  of 
that  Committee,  he  muft  ufe  ftratagems  to 
have  things  done  there  according  to  his  own 
mind. 

Sbcthly,  Altho'  he  had  taken  fuch  cf- 
ftftual  meafures  to  render  infignificaijt  thofc 
of  that  Committee,  who  were  not  in  his  in- 
tereftj  yet  he  was  fo  jealous  of  them,  that  no- 
thing of  moment  was  referred  to  the  Com- 
mitrce  of  Treafury  iingly,  in  the  ufual  man- 
ner :  but  to  the  Sub  and  Deputy-Governors 
by  name,  and  to  the  Committee  of  Treafury  j 
^  language  unknown  before,  and  which  fecm- 
cd  neediefs,  fince  they  were  both  of  that 
Committee,  But  they  had  fuch  anfwers  in 
vieW:,  that  they  thought  they  could  not  do 
too  much  tp  fecurc  it  ;   and  therefore  they 

eon- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.  423 

conftantly  referred  every  thing,  that  related 
to  the  Scheme,  to  the  Sub  and  Deputy-Go- 
vernors, with  flatteries  and  encomiums  fur- 
palling  all  belief  i  to  take  off  the  very  thoughts 
of  their  attempting  to  do  any  thing  without 
theur  fpecial  approbation  and  confent.  For 
it  was  Appius's  mafter-piecc  of  cunning^ 
to  place  all  the  power  in  the  hands  of  the 
Sub  and  Deputy-Governors,  of  whom  the 
Court  of  Dire£tors  had  a  good  opinion  5  and 
he  knew  that  thofe  two  Gentlemen  were 
fo  diffident  of  their  own  abilities,  that  they 
durft  not  undertake  any  thing,  without  the 
advice  of  the  Cabinet  Council. 

HAVING  In  this  manner  fecured  himfelf 
againfl:  any  oppofition,  that  could  be  made  in 
the  Treafury  to  his  deHgns  j  he  went  on  bold- 
ly in  his  projefted  execution  of  the  Scheme. 
'Twas  his  avow'd  Maxim,  a  thoufand  times  re- 
peated. That  the  advancing  by  all  means  of 
the  price  of  Jiocky  was  the  only  way  to  pro- 
mote  the  good  of  the  Company ;  and  he  lookM 
upon  thofe  as  enemies,  who  durft  fay  they  were 
of  another  opinion.  After  the  twp  firftmony 
Subfcriptions  were  taken  in,  as  has  been  re- 
lated, Appius  made  a  motion  to  lend  out  the 
mioney  that  accrued  by  them:  and  tho'  this 
motion  was  vigoroufly  oppofed,  yet  he  car- 
ried his  point  for  lending.  But  the  Loan  was 
limited  to  500000I.  at  250  per  Cent,  upon 
3tock,and  no  body  to  borrow  above  5000/.  This 
regulation  was  ftridly  obferved  by  the  Com- 
D  d  4  mittee 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


424         SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

mittcc    of  Trcafury.     The    500000 1.    were 
lent  to  indifferent  perfons,  according  to  that 
reftridion,  defeazances  ordered  to   be   taken 
of  the  Borrowers,  and  Appius  defired  to  fee 
that  the  defeazances  (hould  be  proper  and  in 
due  form.     But  confidering  with  himfelf,    that 
this  plain  and  honeft  way  of  lending,  would 
not  do  his  buHnefs,  he  did  underhand  dired  the 
Cafhiers  to  lend  more,  and  to  fuch  as  were 
moft  likely  to  raife   the  Stock  i  which  they 
pbfcquioufly   did,  without   obferving  any  li-r 
mitation  or    rule.    What's  yet    more  capital, 
this    additional  Loan  was  made,  without  the 
knowledge   or   privity  of  the  Committe  of 
Treafuryi  and  was  not  entered  in  the  Cafh- 
Book>  nor  laid  before  the  Committcec,  'till 
9^  long  time  after  it  was  done :  and  probably 
this  was  the  reafon,  why  no  Committee  of 
Treafury  was  held    from   the    latter  end  of 
April,   'till    the    beginning    of  Tune.     Some 
time  after   this,  the  Exchequer-Bills    for  one 
Million  were  iffued.    Appius  ordered    them 
immediately  to   be    lent,    and    the   Cafhiers 
difpos'd  of  them   in  one  day,  to  whom  and 
in  fuch  manner  as  Appius  dircded  $  without 
confulting   or    fo    much  as  taking  notice  of 
the  Committee  of  Trcafury.      But  as  he  ap- 
prehended, that  thefe   Exchequer- Bills  would 
be  of  great  ufc  in  bufincfs,  and  return  often 
into  the  hands  of  the  Company,  he  got  him- 
felf appointed  one  of  the  Truftecs  for  circu-- 
lating  of  them  5  to  the  end,  that  having   the 
dircdion  of  thefe  Bills  in  both  places,  he  might 

the 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE   SOUTH-SEA   SCHEME.  425 

the  better  influence  the   difpofing  of  them  to 
fcrvc  his  particular  purpofes. 

ABOUT  this  time  the  (hutting  of  the 
Books  for  the  midfummer  Dividend  being  at 
hand,  Appius  made  a  motion  in  the  Court 
of  Diredors  for  a  dividend  of  10  per  Cent, 
in  ftock,  and  to  ifluc  warrants  for  this  divi- 
dend. It  muft  be  owned  that  there  was  no 
great  oppofition  to  this  motion,  he  co- 
loured it  with  fo  many  fpecious  pretences: 
as,  that  tlie  old  Proprietors  had  run  great 
hazards  in  this  bold  undertaking  }  that  if  it 
had  not  fucceeded,  they  having  engaged  to 
pay  feven  millions  and  a  half  to  the  Govern- 
ment, would  in  a  manner  have  been  undone  5 
and  therefore  fince  Providence  had  blefled 
with  fuccefs,  much  beyond  expeftation,  their 
good  intentions  for  the  public  fervice,  it  was 
but  reafonable,  they  (hould  reap  fome  fruits 
of  it.  Thefe  and  the  like  arguments  perfua- 
dcd,  and  this  fatal  Dividend,  which  perhaps 
contributed  more  to  intoxicate  the  minds 
of  people,  than  anything  done  befides,  was 
agreed  to.  But  the  Diredors,  even  thofc 
of  the  Cabinet-Council,  were  then  ftrangers 
to  the  vile  inducement  whicli  prompted  Ap- 
pius to  give  fo  large  a  dividend  :  for  having 
it  in  his  thoughts  from  the  beginning,  to  make 
all  the  advantage  for  himfelf  that  he  could  by 
the  Scheme  i  his  Conjurer  early  after  Chrift- 
mafs  had  by  his  diredion  given  Premiums  for 
this  Midfummer    dividend,    by    which   they 

would 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


426         SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

would  have  got  an  immcnfc  fum,  if  the  Court 
of  Directors,  in  Appius's  abfcnce,  when  he 
was  gone  to  Tunbridge,  had  not  revoked  their 
order  for  delivering  thefe  dividend  warrants, 
and  direfted  the  dividend  to  be  placed  to  every 
proprietor's  account. 

Appius,  as  has  been  faid  before,  gave  way 
to  three  feveral  refolutions  of  the  Court  o€ 
Direftors,  againft  taking  any  more  mony  Sub- 
fcriptions  5  but  having  now  rais'd  by  this  great 
dividend   the  expeftation  of    pec^lc  for  fu- 
ture ones,  and  thinking  that  the  jealoufy  of  the 
Directors  againft  his    proceedings  was  pretty 
well  over,  he  could  contain  himfelf  no  longer : 
but  of  a  fudden,  when  'twas  leaft   cxpeftcd, 
(about  a  week  before  the  Books  were  fhut, 
when  the  Treafury-Office  was  peftered  with  fo 
much  bufinefs,  that  they  were  afraid  all  would 
run  to  confiifion,  and  the  crowd  for  transferring 
and  accepting  fo  great,  that  there  was  no  com- 
ing at  the  books  without  extream  difficulty,) 
then  Appius  propofed  to  the  Sub-Governor, 
and  fome  other  Gentlemen  Who  were  with  hinii 
a  third  Subfcription,  and  told  him  that  he  muft 
call  a  Court  for  that  purpofe  5  at  which  propo- 
fal  the  Sub-Governor  and  the  others  being  fur- 
prized,  and  faying,  that  they  had  told  all  their 
ftiends  there  would  be  no  Subfcriptions,  he  an- 
fwered,  that  he  had  told  the  fame  thing  that 
very  morning  at  Garaway's  CofFe-Houfc,  but 
that  there  muft  be  one  now.    And  reiterating 
hisinftancesto  the  Sub-Governor  |bt  a  Court, 

he, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THESOUTH^SEA  SCHEME.     427 

he,  after  fome  helitation,  confented  to  call  one. 
Accordingly  the  next  morning  it  was  agreed  to 
take  a  Subfcription  at  1000  for  three  millions, 
each  Diredor  to  have  for  himfelf  and  friends 
5  2000 1.  to  bring  in  his  Lift  the  next  day  at  noon, 
and  to  deliver  it  at  the  tabic  to  the  Sub-Governor 
To  give  a  colour  for  leaving  the  remainder, 
which  was  near  15  00000 1.  at  the  difpofal  of 
the  Sub   and  Deputy-Governors,   it  was  re- 
folved  that  no  Member  of  either  Houfe    of 
Parliament  (hould  be  inferred  in  the  Diredors 
Lifts,  but  that  the  Sub  and  Deputy-Governors    • 
fliould  take  care  of  them.    Twas  begged,  and 
earneftly  infifted  upon   by  feveral  of  the  Di- 
redors, to  be  allowed  fome  days  to  fpeak  to  their 
friends,  and  to  make  their  Lifts  5  but  no  time 
could  be  obtained.  Appius  and  his  Colleagues 
were    prepared,   and  did  not  trouble    them- 
felves  what  difficulties  they  put  upon  the  others, 

THIS  great  Man  was  then  in  the  Zenith 
of  his  Glory,  by  having  got  a  Subfcription 
at  1000 :  application  was  made  to  him  from 
all  quarters :  young  Ladies  came  to  his  levee 
to  beg  Subfcriptions,  and  the  pride  of  the 
Decemvirs  ran  fo  high  at  that  time,  that  the 
beft  men  in  the  land,  could  fcarce  be  ad- 
mitted to  the  fpeechof  them.  The  Subfcri- 
bers,  even  thofe  who  were  in  the  Lifts  of  the 
Secretaries  of  State,  were  not  admitted  for 
fome  days  to  pay  their  mony  5  altho'  they  were 
told  that  their  names  fhould  be  ftmck  out 
of  the  Lifts,  if  their  mony  was  not  then  paid. 

The      . 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


42S       SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

The  Dircdors,  who  were  not  of  the  Cabi- 
net, were  as  much  at  a  lofs  as  others :  for  the 
fcrvants  had  orders  not  to  let  them  fee  their 
own  Lids,  as  entered  in  the  Books>  fo  that  they 
could  not  tell  whether  themfelves    and  their 
friends  were  in  or  not  5  and  to  the  very  laft  they 
were  denied  admittance   to  the  Subfcription 
Books,  and  could  never  have  a  fight  of  them, 
'till  they  were  ordered  to  be  laid  before  both 
Houfes  of  Parliament.    This  made  many  of 
the  Diredors  then  (who  did  not  in  the  leaft 
doubt  of  being  diftinguiftied  firom  thofc  of 
the   Cabinet,   in    whofe    guilt  they  had  no 
hand  or  (hare)  not  forry  to  hear  of  an  Inquiry ; 
as  hoping  to  fee  the  pride  of  their  task-mafters 
abated,  and  their  iniquities  detefted :  tho'  by 
the  unhappy  turn  this  affair  took  afterwards, 
and  thro'  their  want  of  opportunity  to  juftify 
their  Innocence  (in  being    heard    either  by 
themfelves  or  their  Council  in  either  Houfe) 
they  have  had  too  much  caufe  fince  to  lament 
the  fatal  confequenccs  of  this  inquiry,  where- 
in they  have  been  equally  involved  with  their 
oppreflbrs.     The  Premiums  on  this  Subfcrip- 
tion   advancing,    fecret    orders   were   given 
to  the  Caftiiers  to  enlarge  it  5  and  as  the  pre- 
miums rofe,   the  fum  did  fo  too :  fo  that  at 
laft  they  rais'd  it  to  five  millions^  as  the  Sub- 
Governor  declared  to  the  Court  of  Direftors 
and    the   General   Court;   and   the    Cafhier 
charged  himfelf  with  having  received  five  mil* 
lions,  for  the  firft  payment  of  the  third  Sub- 
fcription. 

THE 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME,  429 

THE  fucccfs  of  this  fubfcription  exceed- 
ing the  hopes  of  the  moft  fanguin,  Appius, 
whofe  mafter-piece  he  and  his  admirers  o^n- 
cd  it  was,  thinking  himfelf  no  longer  bound 
to  keep  any  meafures,  he  ordered  a  Loan  to 
be  made  of  the  mony  ariilng  by  this  Subfcrip- 
tion,  and  the  Cafhiers  lent  upwards  of  three 
millions  in  one  day,  without  acquainting  the 
Committee  of  Treafury  with  it,  according  to 
the  cuftom  already  introduced :  and  to  keep 
it  the  longer  concealed  from  them,  there  was 
no  Committee  of  Treafury  fummoned,  during 
the  whole  month  of  July.  But  the  well- 
meaning  Gentlemen  of  that  Committee  be- 
ing femible,  that  their  mony  was  going  in 
an  unaccountable  manner,  and  taking  it  very 
ill  befides,  that  they  were  not  fo  much  as 
fpoke  to  in  tranfadions  of  this  moment^  which 
fo  nearly  concerned  them  5  they  made  perpc* 
tual  complaints  to  the  Court  of  Direftors  of 
the  irregularity  and  confufion  in  the  Treafury, 
and  that  they  were  afraid  the  Company  would 
be  great  fufferers  by  it.  To  all  thefe  com- 
plaints Appius's  conftant  anfwer  was.  The 
more  confufion  the  better  i  People  mufi  not 
know  what  they  doy  which  will  make  them 
the  more  eager  to  come  into  our  meafures  % 
The  execution  of  the  Scheme  is  our  bufinefs^ 
The  Eyes  of  all  Europe  are  upon  us  j  Both 
houfes  of  Parliament  expeSi  to  have  it  done 
before  their  ne^t  meeting  :  an4  the  lofs  of 

one 


\     '  Digitized  by  Google 


430         SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

one  million  or  two  is  nothing,  to  the  fpeedy 
execution  of  the  Scheme. 

WHEN  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Treafury 

faw  that   theit   complaints  to  the  Court  of 

Diredors  were  not  minded,  they  turned  their 

thoughts  another  way,  to  endeavour  all  they 

could,   to  put  a  ftop  to   this   growing  evil. 

They  reprefented  to  their  Chairman  in  what 

manner  their    mony   was  lavifh'd,   that  the 

Caftiiers  lent  it  without  bounds  or  meafurc  j 

that  the   Cafli  was  fo  low,   that  there  was 

danger  of  being  run  a  ground,  which  m  an 

undertaking  of  fo   great   importance,   might 

prove  fatal  i    and  that  it  was  a  fhame  their 

fervants  fliould  difpofe  of  every  thing  as  they 

pleafed,  without  check  or  controul :  therefore 

they  propofcd   that  no  mony  for  the  future 

fliould  be  paid  by  the   Cafhier,   Deputy- Ca- 

fhier,   or  any  of  the  Clerks,   without  an  ex- 

prefs  order  in  writing,  and  under  the  hand  of 

at  leaft  three  of  the  Committee  of  Treafury. 

Thefe  reprefentations  were  frequently  made 

to  the  Sub-Governor  in  the  Committee,    and 

were  heard  with  a  great  deal  of  patience  :  for 

it  was  that  Gentleman  s  own  opinion,    that 

the  Cafh  of  the  Company  ought  never  to  be 

le(s  than  one  million  or  500000 L  at  the  leaft; 

and  he  often  complained  that  they  kept  him 

fo  bare,   that  he  had  not  the  command  of 

one  penny   of  mony.     But   as  he  was  not 

his  own  matter,   and  inftead   of  depending 

upon  his  proper  judgment,  did  in   every  rc- 

Digitized  by  G00gl*P^^ 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME    431 

fpcft  follow  the  diftatcs  and  refolutions  of 
Appius  and  the  Cabinet- Council,  there  was 
no  redrefs  till  it  was  too  late;  and  he  had 
not  leave  to  confent  to  have  this  fafe  and 
honeft  method  put  in  pradice,  as  long  as 
Appius  kept  any.  (hare  of  authority  in  the 
Court  of  Diredors :  but  as  foon  as  his  power 
was  ended  by  the  turn  of  affairs,  and  the  fall 
of  ftodc,  the  Sub-Governor  immediately  con- 
fented  to  it,  and  nothing  irregular  was  done 
in  the  Treafury-Office  fmce. 

Appius  having  got  this  great  Subfcription 
and  ^Loan  over,  as  he  wifli'd,  and  having  alfo 
procured  a  refolution  of  the  Court  of  Di- 
reftors  to  deliver  warrants  for  the  Midfum- 
mcr  Dividend,  he  thought  he  had  the  world  . 
in  a  firing,  and  might  be  indulged  fonjc 
weeks^  of  recefs  from  bxifinefs.  Accordingly 
he  made  preparations  for  a  journey  to  Tun- 
bridge.  But  before  He  went,  he  concerted 
matters  with  his  feleft  friends  (for  he  and  the 
Negromancer  had  a  Cabal  feparate  from  the 
Cabinet-Council)  for  felling  a  good  quantity 
of  Stock.  In  what  fplendid  equipage  Appius 
went  to  the  Wells,  what  refpcft  was  paid  him 
there,  with  what  haughtinefs  he  behaved  him- . 
iclf  in  that  place,  and  how  he  and  his  fami- 
ly, when  they  fpoke  of  the  Scheme,  called 
it  our  Scheme y  is  not  the  fubjed  of  this  dif- 
courfe.  There  were  witnefles  enough  of  their 
folly.  But  certain  it  is,  that  he  wrote  every 
Poft  tS  his  Brokers,  and  no  fooner  was  one 

Digitized  JSSSSgle 


432    SECRET  HISTORY     OF 

parcel  of  ftock  difpofcd  of,  than  he  ordered 
another  to  be  fold.  In  Ihort,  he  and  his  Con- 
jurer went  fo  far,  that  the  other  Decemvirs 
began  to  perceive  his  Journey  to  Tunbridge 
was  a  blind,  in  order  to  deceive  them,  and  the 
better  to  cover  the  projeded  fale  of  his  own 
ftock.  For  Appius  having  by  this  time  Cold 
a  great  deal,  and  fearing  that  one  way  or  other 
it  might  come  to  light  at  the  opening  of  the 
Books,  refolved  to  be  beforehand  with  his 
Colleagues,  in  cafe  they  Ihould  find  fault  with 
him  for  felling  fo  much  ftock,  and  to  that  end 
he  made  loud  complaints,  that  his  fentiments 
were  no  longer  followed :  fince  the  Court  of 
Diredors  had  in  his  abfence  revoked  the  order 
for  delivering  out  the  dividend  warrants  5  and 
notwithftanding  the  infolent  oppofition  made 
to  it  by  the  chief  accomptant,  they  ordered  the 
ten  per  Cent,  dividend  to  be  placed  to  every 
man's  account,  according  to  his  proportion  of 
ftock  5  which  cut  off  the  hopes  of  the  immenfc 
gain  Appxus  and  his  Negromancer  had  in 
view,  from  the  premiums  they  had  given  for 
the  refufal  of  thefc  dividend  warrants. 

S  O  great  a  quantity  of  ftock  had  been  fold 
by  Appius  and  his  feparate  cabal,  to  be  de- 
livered at  the  opening  of  the  Books,  that  the 
time  drawing  near,  and  mony  being  fcarcc, 
they  begun  to  be  in  pain,  how  thefe  bargains 
ftiould  be  complied  with.  Appius  and  his 
trufty  Negromancer  therefore  fet  their  wits 
at  work,  how   to  provide  againft  this  great 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME     433 

evil,  and  to  fupply  the  buyers  with  mony 
enough,  to  enable  them  to  take  the  ftock  whicti 
they  had  fold  them,  and  they  contrived  three 
ways  to  bring  it  about.  The  firft  was,  to  have 
a  fourth  mony  Subfcription  5  in  order  to 
which  Appius  wrote  from  Tunbridge  very 
prcffing  letters  to  the  Sub-Governor  for  that 
Subfcription.  But  that  Gentleman  having  no 
inclination  to  any  more  Subfcnptions,  nor 
indeed  any  body  elfe  amongft  the  Diredors, 
he  did  not  readily  obey  Appius's  commands  i 
which  as  foon  as  he  underftood,  he  cam^  to 
town  on  a  Sunday  in  great  rage,  and  appoint- 
ed a  meetting  for  the  next  day,  where  heufed 
the  Sub-Governor  in  a  very  rough  manner : 
faying  among  other  things,  that  he  did  not 
know  hut  it  might  coft  him  his  life^  to  have 
left  off  drinking  the  waters  fo  abruptly  5  and 
that  he  had  rather  have  given  iooqoI.  than 
to  have  come  up  to  town^  but  that  there  was 
d  necejfity  to  take  another  Subfcription  imme- 
diately.  As  the  Sub-Governor  never  pretend- 
ed to  underftand  the  Scheme,  and  fo  had  all 
along  too  much  depended  upon  Appius's 
skill  in  the  management  of  this  affair,  or 
perhaps  not  thinking  it  proper  at  that  jundure 
of  time  to  break  off  entirely  with  him  i  he 
gave  way  to  his  fentiments,  and  called  a 
Court,  where  it  was  agreed  to  take  a  fourth 
Subfcription :  not  by  way  of  Lifts  as  the  for- 
mer, but  that  every  body,  who  could  come  at 
the  books,  might  fubfcribc  what  he  pleas'd^ 
not  exceeding  500  L  in  one  name.  Appius, 
Vol.  I.  E  c  know- 

Digitized  by  vjOoqIc 


434    SECRET  HISTORY     OF 

knowing  what  quantity  of  fiock  he  had  (bld| 
did  not  promote  this  Subfcription  with  the 
fame  intent  as  the  others,  to  get  mony  by  k, 
but  in  order  to  fccure  his  prey :  and  he  was  now 
grown  fo  barefaced  in  his  proceedii^s,  that  altbo 
he  had  obliged  each  Direftor  by  an  order  of 
Court,  even  thofe  who  were  abfent,  to  take 
joool.  in  this  Subfcription  5  yet  he  delayed 
to  fubfcribc  himfeif  for  fome  days,  and  then 
would  fubfcribc  but  500I.  When  feveral  of  tlic 
Diredors  told  him  it  was  not  fau:,  and  tbat 
lie  broke  his  own  rule  ;  he  gave  little  heed 
to  what  they  faid,  and  flood  to  his  refolution 
of  fubfcribing  but  500I.  The  world  maybe 
left  to  judge,  how  hard  a  cafe  it  is,  that  men 
who  were  ufed  in  this  infolent  and  firaudtilertt 
manner  by  Appius,  (hould  neverthclefs  be 
ccnfut'd  in  all  refpefts,  as  mudi  as  himfeif  < 
and  bear  an  equal  odium,  not  only  of  wh;(t 
they  oppos'd ,  but  of  that  which,  in  fome 
regards,  made  them  greater  futFerers  than  ci- 
thers. 

THE  mony  arifing  by  this  Subfcription, 
he  did  not  think  fit  to  lend  (he  had  an  af- 
ter-game for  a  Loan)  but  he  propofed  to 
employ  it  in  buying  of  ftbck,  to  fupport  the 
price,  which  begun  to  fink.  There's  rcafon 
to  believe,  that  this  was  the  iaft  thing  con- 
certed in  the  Cabinet  Council.  They  knew 
Appius  had  dealt  unfairly  by  them,  and  cut 
the  grafs  under  their  feet  j  but  they  did  not 
know  how  otherwifc  to  help  thcmfclvcs,  bat 

by 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE   SOUTH^S£A   SCHEME.435 

by  falling  in  with  him,  in  advifing  the  buy- 
ing of  (tock  for  the  Company's  account  :  fot 
^tls  apparent  that  moft  of  them  took  that 
oppdrtunity  to  put  off  a  good  deal  of  their 
o^il  ftock,  by  the  hands  of  the  Calhler.  And 
this  was  Appius  and  his  Negromanccr's  fc- 
cottd  contrivance  to  fupply  the  town  with 
mony. 

THEIR  third  was  fo  bold  an  attempt, 
that  it  can  hardly  be  believed,  tho  nothing 
be  more  true.  Thus  it  was.  Tho  the  two 
Ways  rtientioned  before  had  fupplied  their 
buycrt  with  a  good  deal,  Appius  and  his 
Cabal  had  fold  fuch  quantities  of  ftock,  that 
more  ittony  was  ftill  wanting  to  take  it  all 
Up.  He  therefore  tryed  the  Cabinet  Council, 
whether  they  would  come  pto  his  meafurcs 
of  a  new  way  of  lending,  which  he  propo- 
fcd  to  tKcm ;  but  he  found  them  fo  aVerfe, 
that  he  loft  all  hopes  of  bringing  them  into 
it:  artd  after  many  hard  words  had  paffed 
between  them  upon  that  account,  he  left  • 
them,  and  went  up  ftairs  into  his  Negro- 
manccr's  room,  where  having  acquainted  his 
fcled  friends  (none  of  whom  were  Diredors) 
Avith  his  ill  fuccefs,  they  refolved  that  the 
Treafurer  (hould  give  his  promiffory  Notes  to 
^  xlcliver  the  Company's  Bonds  as  foon  as  they 
could  be  got  ready,  and  to  lerid  them  for 
a  certain  time  $  and  Appius  took  upon  him 
to  fee  it  executed.  This  he  did,  unknown 
to  the    Sub- Governor,  Deputy •  Governor , 

E  c  2  Digitized  bj^€fia®gle 


436     SECRET    HISTORY   OF 

Committee  of  Treafury,  or  any  other  of  the 
Diredors.  The  Treafurer,  tho  fore  againft 
his  will,  to  do  every  body  juftice  (for  he 
thought  it  was  pufliing  the  thing  too  far) 
obeyed  his  commands,  fo  great  was  ftill  his 
authority  5  and  iffued  out  the  laft  Monday  in 
Auguft  about  1 200000  L  of  thefe  promiffory 
Notes  by  way  of  Loan,  before  any  of  the 
Dircdors  came  to  Town.  He  was  going  on 
in  this  new  way  of  lending,  when  the  Sub- 
Governor  and  fome  of  the  Committee  of 
Treafury  coming  into  the  office,  found  all  the 
rooms  croudcd  with  people,  who  came  to 
borrow  5  at  which  being  extreamly  furprized, 
as  knowing  nothing  of  this  Loan,  they  look'd 
at  one  another  with  amazement :  and  asking 
the  Treafurer  how  this  came  about,  he  told 
them,  that  Appius  would  be  the  ruin  of  all, 
and  that  he  did  ^ot  know  where  this  would 
flop  5  for  that  he  had  given  orders  to  kad 
to  all  thpfe,  who  ihould  come  without  any 
limits.  The  Sub- Governor  immediately  put 
a  ftop  to  it,  being  no  longer  able  to  bear 
Appius's  affuming  tempers  and  fearing  wirh- 
all  tliat  this  Loan,  fhould  it  be  fufferedtogo 
on,  would  caufe  immediate  deftrudioh. 

THIS  extravagant  ftep  of  Appius,  and 
Stock  beginning  to  fall,  put  an  end  to  the 
rule  and  authority  of  that  prefumptuousmaiii' 
who,  in  his  ridiculous  brags  of  the  ufcfulncfs 
and  great  fucccfs  of  his  Scheme,  ufed  to  fay, 
^'  that  in  any  other  nation  But  this,^they  would 

Digitized  by  G00^.^f^^VC 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.    437 

**  have  given  him  a  reward  of  500000 1.  for  the 
^*  fcrvice  he  had  done  to  his  country."  But  as 
he  had  no  hopes  to  have  fuch  a  fum  given 
him,  he  thought  he  might  take  all  opportu- 
nities to  reward  himfelf.  Nor  was  this  the 
firft  time  that  he  over- rated  his  ferviccs,  and 
conceived  a  high  opinion  of  his  own  merits  5 
for  when  this  Corporation  was  firft  fettled, 
he  claimed  no  lefs  a  reward  than  the  profits  of 
the  Transfers  during  life,  for  having  had  a 
hand  in  drawing  the  Bill  for  its  eftablifhmcnt. 

THE  laft  Scene  of  this  memorable  tranf- 
adion  comes  now  under  confideration  :  and 
oh  that  a  veil  could  be  drawn  over  it,  and  the 
memory  of  fuch  a  fenfelefs  refolution  oblitera- 
ted !  as  that  of  voting  a  Dividend  of  no  lefs 
than  50 1.  per  Cent,  for  no  lefs  than  12  years. 
The  very  words  are  childifh  and  ridiculous. 
It  cannot  be  believed  that  any  one  of  the 
Diredors  thought  it  a  judicious  adion  :  but  the 
gaming  part  of  the  town  being  very  fond  of 
fuch  a  large  Dividend  for  a  number  of  years, 
the  Court  of  Diredors  imprudently  came 
into  it,  merely  out  of  complaifance,  and  to 
keep  up  the  Stock,  till  more  folid  meafures 
could  be  taken.  It  muft  be  owned  without 
any  lubterfuge  or  evafion,  that  this  was  a 
great  inadvertency  and  error  of  judgment  in 
fo  many  men :  for  the  calculations  laid  before 
them,  to  induce  them  to  come  into  this  refo- 
lution were  as  abfurdas  the  declaration  it  felf. 
Thofc  Inducements  have  been  afterwards  laid 
£c  3  be- 


Digitized 


by  Google 


4}8     SECR5T  HISTOR^Y    OF 

before  the  Parliament,  4n4  thcrefprc  pe^^rwr 
to  be  infertcd  here.  But 'tis  very  app^rtm  pn 
the  other  hand,  that  they  had  no  finiftcr  end 
or  felfifh  defign  in  this  filly  vote,  whatever 
conftrudion  has  been  put  upon  it  to  the  con- 
trary. And  of  this  there  needs  no  el?aj:er 
proof,  than  that  none  of  the  Dircftors  made 
any  advantage  of  it,  by  difpofing  of  Stock 
cither  then,  or  fpf  a  confiderable  time  after, 
except  Appius  alone,  who  not  content  to 
have  got  an  immenfe  fum  of  mony,  by  felling 
a  vaft  quantity  at  high  rates,  had  the  cruelty  to 
follow  the  Stock,  ftill  felling  till  he  brougiit  it 
down  to  200.  But  the  generality  of  the  Di- 
redors  were  fo  infatuated  with  a  high  opinion 
of  the  Stock,  that  fevcral  of  them  bought  of 
Appius  J  and  the  Court  of  Dire^ors  had 
amongft  them,  at  th?  clpfp  of  their  unhappy 
management ,  above  2000PO  1.  ftocK  more 
than  they  ufcd  to  have  before  the  Scheme: 
another  fure  indication  of  their  fair  dealing,  as 
well  as  of  their  prevention  in  favour  of  the 
Stock  5  and  that  many  within  doora,  as  well  as 
without,  were  caught  by  the  juggles  and  arti- 
fices of  this  cunning  Projedpr.  This  is  an  in- 
genuous account  erf"  that  matter,  which  is  not 
fo  criminal  as  many  have  reprefented  or  Ima- 
gin'd  it :  unlcfs  an  cafy  compliance  for  the 
obtaining  of  a  good  eiad  to  the  public,  or 
an  error  apd  miftakc  of  judgement,  he  unpar- 
donable crimes.  Of  fuch  faults  the  honfilcft 
men  in  the  world  may  he  guilty,  and  have 
often  been  fo. 

THAT 


Digitized 


by  Google 


THE   SOUTH-SEA   SCHEME.  4J9 

THAT  the  thread  of  the  difcoujffe might 
not  be  broken,  the  Writer  hereof,  who's  not 
us'd  to  write  any  Books  but  in  his  Counting* 
houfe,  having  thought  it  neceffary  to  poftponc 
giving  an  account  of  fome  material  occurren- 
ces in  the  fcquel  of  this  grand  affair,  takes  an 
opportunity  to  relate  them  here.  The  way!  , 
md  manner  of  taking  the  two  Subfcriptiona 
of  the  public  Funds,  was  intirely  left  by  the 
Court  of  Direftors  to  Appius,  or  rather  af-^ 
fum'd  by  him,  who,  as  has  been  obferv'd  be- 
fore, form'd  and  inethodized  it  his  own  way, 
which  gave  little  fatisfaftion  $  by  reafon  of  his 
introducing  too  much  uncertainty,  hurry,  and 
confulion,  which  he  did  undoubtedly  to  iervc 
his  own  ends :  but  he  left  the  o.thcr  Diredors 
under  great  perplexities  how  to  prevent  dit 
c^Kging  thofc  pcrfons,  who  applied  to  tb^m  5 
and  wl^  could  not  believe,  that  it  was  fo  Unit 
in  their  power  to  ferve  their  friends.  But  this 
is  nothing  in  comparifon  of  anothcc  point  r 
fer  when  it  came  to  be  CDnfidcr'd,  whait  fliould 
fee  allowed  to  the  fiibicribers  of  thfi:  public 
Itebts,  there  were  long  debates  ia  the  Court 
of  Dircdors  $  efpecialiy  relating  to  the  Ho- 
decmahles,  whether  they  fbould  have  their 
option  to  take  hack  their  Subfcriptions  or  ftand 
to  them,  as  was  given  to  the  Irrcdcemablcs, 
and  to  determine,  what  Ihould  be  allowed 
them.  There  was  much  variety  of  opinions 
concerning  this  laft  particular,  which  finally 
<;entrcd  in  Appivs's  inclination  of  giving  them. 
Ee  4  Stock 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


440         SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

Stock  at  800.  But  the  option  was  ftill  very 
much  infifted  upon  in  their  behalf,  feveral  of 
the  Court  inclining  to  give  it  to  theoii  but 
thefc  were  at  iaft  over-ruled,  by  Appius's  ftiff 
adhering  to  the  other  fide  of  the  queftion,  fo 
that  it  was  carried  againft  the  option.  This ' 
violent  ftcp,  has  not  been  one  of  the  leaftcau- 
fcs  of  the  (ufFerings  of  the  unhappy  Directors  : 
for  about  fixteen  thoufand  people,  who  were 
concerned  in  thofe  funds,  and  were  fo  un)uftly 
dealt  with,  raifed  a  clamour  that  could  not  be 
ftiflcd,  and  which  involved  their  beft  friends 
and  fellow-fufFerers  of  the  Court  of  Diredors, 
in  one  common  ruin  with  thofe  very  men, 
who  had  aded  the  moft  ftrenuoufly  againft 
them. 

ANOTHER  piece  of  injuftice,  which  gave 
much  difcontent  to  the  Public,  and  occaftoned 
a  great  deal  of  heart-burning  againft  the  Di- 
redors,  was  the  keeping  fo  long  from  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  public  funds,  the  Stock,  to  which 
they  were  intitled  by  the  Subfcriptions.  The 
Diredors  were  not  unfenfiblc  of  the  clamours 
abroad,  ncccfiarily  proceeding  from  thefe  un- 
reafonable delays:  and  they  were fatisficd,  that 
the  proportion  of  ftock,  due  to  each  fubfcri- 
ber,  might  be  entered  to  his  account  in  fewer 
weeks,  than  the  months  which  the  )uggler  took 
for  doing  of  it.  Orders  were  therefore  alm<^ 
every  Court-day  fent  tq  the  chief  Accomptant, 
todifpatchthat  work  5  and  when  he  was  free 
from  the  gout,  he  was  fent  for  into  the  Courts 

where 


Digitized 


by  Google 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.  Ui 

where  it  was  recommended  to  him  in  the  moft 
carneft  manner.  But  all  the  uneafinefs  and 
preffing  inftances  of  the  Court  of  Direftors 
about  this  matter,  were  to  little  purpofe.  The 
Conjurer  knew  that  he  was  fupportcd  by  one, 
who  had  the  conduQ:  of  the  Scheme  :  and  as 
they  had  laid  their  projefts  for  felling  a  great 
deal  of  their  own  ftock  at  a  proper  time,  they 
thought  it  their  iritcreft  to  lock  up  as  much 
ftock  of  that  of  others,  as  they  could  5  to  pre- 
vent its  coming  to  market,  when  they  fliould 
be  ready  for  felling  theirs.  Thus  were  the  in- 
nocent (I  may  fay  filly)  Diredors  railed  at, 
for  the  vile  pradices  of  two  men  :  tho'  it  muft 
be  confeft,  that  thofe,  who  were  in  pow- 
er, fhould  have  exercifed  it  more  efFedually  in 
a  cafe  fo  neceffary,  and  of  the  pradicablenefs 
whereof  they  were  fo  much  convinced  5  but 
whilft  a  man  has  authority  in  a  focicty,  'tis  the 
hardeft  matter  in  the  world  to  carry  any  thing 
againft  him,  if  he  will  detcrminatelyoppofeit 
Alt  bodies  politic,  and  particularly  mercantile 
Companies,  may  be  fafcly  appealed  to  for  the 
truth  of  this  obfervation. 

A  S  Appius  had  laid  the  foundation  of  his 
projeds  in  confufion,  that  he  might  the  better 
iifh  in  troubled  waters ;  fo  he  had  the  malice 
to  propofe  another  mony-fubfcription,  at  a 
time,  when  the  affairs  of  the  Company  were 
moft  incumbred.  He  took  the  fpecious  pretence 
of  confining  it  to  the  proprietots  of  the  ftock, 
and  that  for  their  particular  advantage  (who 

had 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


44»      SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

liad  fiQt  hitherto  been  (Kfttnguifb'di  ftom  <v 
ihers)  every  one  of  them  fliould  have  the  ib 
berty  of  fubfcrihing  lO  per  Cent,  in  proper- 
tioo  to  what  Aock  he  had,  if  he  thoi^hc  Ht. 
The  Court  of  DireOors  reprefentcd  to  htm 
the  impra^cableneB  of  fuch  a  Subfcriptioii^ 
byrea(onthat  the  iubfcribers  of  the  Redeem^ 
able  and  Irredeemable  Debts  had  not  their  pio- 
portion  of  ftock  afcertained^  and  entered  to 
their  account :  and  that  it  was  unknown,  ^bo 
were  the  proprietors  of  the  two  hA  moaj^ 
fubfcriptioDs^  till  receipts  were  delivered  our. 
3ut  APFlua  affirm^d^  that  he  fhould  find  out 
ways  to  make  it  pradicable  3  and  would  needs 
have  thi^  Subfcription  agreed  to,  pubtifh'd,  and 
laid  hcfoce  the  general  Court,  who  applauded 
the  proved,  and  much  more  the  contriver  of 
it.  Notwtthftanding  all  this,  Appius  finding 
it  afterwards  impradicaUe  to  execute,  he  de^ 
ftfted  i  and  confented  to  have  the  general  Coort 
acquainted:,  diat  the  Diredlors  having  bettor 
coniidered  of  it,  they  did  not  think  it  for  the 
intereft  of  the  Company  to  proceed  in  that 
fubfcription  at  prefent.  Tis  no  wonder 
that  a  man,  who  durft  fo  palpably  abnfe  a 
wbole  geiia:al  Court,  confifting  of  hundreds 
of  |»0|^tors,  fome  of  'em  of  great  power 
and  quality^  ihould  be  able  tomiflead  or  over- 
rule a  Court  of  Diredorst,  wherein  he  likewife 
iudibmo^vicoand  intelligence, 

ONE   thing  was  moft  remarkable  in  thh 
aaonUhioj  tranfa^Hon  of  the  S.  S.  S.    Af^ius 

'   did 


Digitized 


by  Google 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.  443 

did  never  permit  any  body  tp  piakc  a  motipn 
in  relation  to  It,  but  himfelf,  during  his  five 
months  reign  5  nor  any  minute,  Tciat|ng  thcrc-r 
to,  to  be  entered  in  the  Cpurt-Boolf,  but 
what  he  diftated.  |ie  vifibly  afFe£ted  a  pro- 
phetic ftik,  delivering  his  words  with  an  cm- 
phafis  and  extraordinary  vehemence  :  and  ns'd 
to  put  himfelf  into  a  commanding  pofture,  re- 
buking thofe  that  durft  in  the  leafi  oppofc  any 
thing  he  faid,  and  endeavouring  to  inculcate, 
as  if  what  he  fpoke  was  by  impulfe,  tittering; 
thefe  and  fuch  like  expreffions :  Gentlemen^ 
don't  be  difmayed:  you  mufi  a£t  with  firm- 
nefsy  with  refplutiony  with  course.  I  tfU 
you^  "tis  not  a  common  matter  you  have  before 
you.  The  great  eft  thing  in  the  world  is  rfr 
f erred  to  you.  All  the  rnony  of  Eur  of  e  witt 
center  amongft  you.  All  the  nations  of  the 
earth  will  bring  you  tribute.  But  when  the 
tide  turn'd,  when  ftock  began  to  fall,  ^nd  con? 
fcquently,  that  his  power  wa^  at  an  end  4  the^ 
this  poor  man  (forfooth)  was  but  one  in  thirty 
one,  as  he  was  wont  to  exprefs  it  himfelf. 
And  indeed  it  was  hardly  fafc  for  him  to  walk 
the  ftreets,  or  even  to  come  into  the  Cpurt  of 
I>ireaors  room :  where  he  was  daily  reproach-^ 
ed,  reviled,  and  abufed,  for  all  the  villajni?^ 
he  had  contrive  and  committed,  and  the  PWny 
impofitions  he  had  put  upon  them.  In  effe^ 
he  was  two  or  three  times  foundly  caned  by 
fome  of  theDire^ors,  in  the  hci^hth  Qf  th^ii; 
paflion. 

TQ 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


444        SECRET   HISTORY  OF 

T  O  fct  the  fubftancc  of  what  has  been  hi- 
therto faid  in  a  nearer  view,  the  better  to  make 
it  undcrftood,  leave  is  bcgg'd,  to  make  a 
(hort  Recapitulation,  whereby  the  innocent 
and  the  guilty  may  be  eafily  difcern'd. 

THE  contriving  of  the  Scheme  has  been 
thought  to  be  the  original  fin,  from  whence 
derived  all  the  calamities  that  enfued.  But 
herein  the  Dircdors  were  innocent :  the  au- 
thors of  it  were  Appius,  the  Treafurer,  and 
the  Negromancer. 

/THE  difpofingof  the  fiditious  ftock,  which 
raifed  fo  much  clamour,  was  the  work  of  the 
Cabinet  Council :  the  reft  of  the  Diredon 
were  intirely  ignorant  of  it. 

*^  THE  giving  premiums  for  the  Midfummer 
dividend,  was  deemed  a  wicked  contrivance. 
Appius  and  the  Negromancer  were  the  only 
perfons  concerned  in  that  bafe  defign. 

THE  unaccountable  way  of  taking  the 
mony-fubfcriptions,  and  the  increaiing  of  the 
fums  agreed  upon  by  the  Court  of  Directors, 
has  been  juftly  cenfured.  This  was  concerted 
by  the  Cabinet  Council,  exclufive  of  the  other 
DiredorSi 

AS  for  the  deficiency  in  the  two  laft  mopy- 

fubfcriptions,  the  Treafurer  took  it  vlrhoUy 

t  upon 


Digitized 


byGpogle 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.    44J 

upon  himfelf;  and  it  did  not  appear  that  any 
of  the  Direftors,  or  their  particular  friends, 
had  any  mony  returned  to  them.  But  as  'tis 
certain,  that  if  the  price  of  ftock  had  kep^  up, 
there  would  have  been  no.  deficiency;  fo'tis 
probable  that  moft  of  this  fum,  which  {Mrov'd 
afterwards  deficient,  was  kept  under  the  Trea- 
furer's  thumb  for  the  benefit  of  the  Decem- 
virs :  for  'tis  not  likely  that  he  returned  it  all, 
to  thofe  whom  he  favor'd  or  fcar'd. 

THE  Loans,  which^  as  they  were  mana- 
ged, occafloned  fo  much  lofs  to  the  Compa- 
ny, were  chiefly  pufli'd  on  by  Appius  :  he  in- 
fluenced the  Cabinet  Council  to  take  the  Loans 
out  of  the  dircdion  of  the  Committee  of 
Treafury,  and  to  put  them  intirely  into  the 
hands  oif  the  Cafliiers.  He  firft  fent  mony  to 
to  the  Sword-blade  to  lend  mony  upon  fub- 
icriptions,  and  when  he  heard  they  did  not 
lend  enough  to  his  mind,  he  took  both  the 
mony  and  fubfcriptions  out  of  their  hands; 
and  extorted  an  order  of  the  Committed  of 
Treafury,  by  bringing  a  fufficient  number  of 
the  Cabinet  Council  to  out-vote  them,  for 
lending  it  at  his  own  rate  upon  the:  fubfcrip- 
tions. 

IT  was  againft  the  unanimous  opinion  of 
the  Co'urt  of  Directors,  that  Appius  .brdered 
a  Loan  to  be  made  at  4  per  Cent.  And  it  was 
the  fame  Appius,  that  diredtd  the  Loan  of 

Digitized  by i^OOQlC 


446      SECRET  HISTORY  OF 

the  Exchequcr-BiilS)  and  of  the  great  ^um  d 
monf  artiing  by  the  third  Subfcrif^tioil. 

LASTLY,  contrary  to  the  ftiitimefttS  6f 
the  Cabinet  Council  and  unknown  to  dny 
tothers  bf  the  Direftors,  APPiXji  obliged  thii 
Treafurcr  t6  iffue,  by  way  of  Loan,  hii  pt^ 
miflbry  Notes  to  deliVct  the  Coftipany's  Botid^i 
And  on  all  occafions  he  freely  declared  hii 
opinion,  without  mincing  the  ittatttt,  that  h^ 
was  not  for  difpofing  of  the  Company's  mo- 
ny  to  traders  and  fuch  other  fair  aealersi 
but  to  thofe  who  frequented  the  Alley,  ind 
to  Ladies  and  yoting  GentkitieUi  whfd  tad&ft^ 
irom  the  other  end  of  the  to^n>  With  ft 
Spirit  of  gaming  :  fbr  fuch^  accordihg  t6  hinH 
were  th^  moft  likely  to  advatlce  the  p^ice  g^ 
ftock.  To  ttiikc  it  the  more  eafy  to  them} 
he  defeated  the  refolution  xyf  the  CbttM  fef 
Direax>rs  and  Committee  of  Tteafttty>  fyt 
taking  tkfeiUBances. 

THE  delays  about  placing  the  ftock  to 
tGcotrt)t>  proceeding  from  the  redeemable  and 
irredeemable  Debts^  was  the  fole  contritafice 
of  A^Ptus  and  the  chief  Accomptant  $  and 
againft  the  intention  of  all  the  other  Di- 
redors. 

THE  buyinjg  of  ftock  fot  Ae  Ciwiapiny's 
accotfnt  in  order  to  ftippott  it.  Wis  edntrived 
ky  Appius  and  the  CaWnfet  Council  •  and 
it  does  Kkot  appear,  that  the  Treafurcr  fold 

^byGoogi  ^y 


Digitized  b 


THE  SOUTH-SEA  SCHEME.iWr 

any  ftock  for  any  of  the  Diredors»  except 
thoie  of  that  Coanctl. 

A  S  to  the  large  Dividend  for  a  number 
of  years,  none  of  the  Direftors  were  in  their 
incKnation  for  it,  but  cariie  into  it  to  pleafe 
the  town^  which  is  own'd  to  have  been  iin 
injudicious,  tho  a  wdl-Mcaning  ftep  :  and  no- 
thing can  better  demonftrate  tiiis,  than  that 
Appt^s  ^^  the  on^y  ttAA  tiftibhgft  Aiem, 
who  made  advantage  of  that  odd  declaration 
by  felling  of  ftock. 

ONE  thing  more  may  be  truely  £aid^ 
Vhith  perhaps  is  ii6t  known  to  many.  It  is 
this  5  that  one  of  the  Diredors  loft  near 
aoooool.  by  this  fatal  undertaking :  and  a- 
inon^  tin  reft,  including  S . . , . •  and  C  . <,« « 
there  was  about  the  fum  of  8o$oooL  got. 


THE 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


44S  THE  SCHEME    OF 


•THE 

SCHEME, 

OR 

PRACTICAL  MODEL, 

O  F    A 

NATIONAL  BANK; 

To  te  cmmened^nd  ere6led  byfoliticalArt  aloneygoittg^ 
not  ufon  vifionary  Calculations^  or  private,  mercenary f 
and  temporary  Views:  but  upon  fuchfiated  Rules  and 
eafy  methods,  truly  natural,  public,  and  perpetual,  as 
cannot  fail  egeEling  it 'j  yet  mthoutanyftodi  inCaJb, 
Subfiriptionsofmony,  or  collateral  Security  in  Lands^ 

Written  by  a  Gentleman,  who  died  in  the 
Year  1708. 


TO 

THE  RIGHT   HONOURABLE  ***• 

My  Lord,         ^   ^ 

Have  had  for  a  good  while  paft  ly- 
ing by  nie,  a  maniUcript  Trcatifc 
little  in  bulk  but  big  with  matter. 
The  Author,  who  was  a  very  able 
matter,  gave  me  his  Manufcript  a  little  be- 
fore his  death.    I  truft  your  Lordship  with 

it. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


[ 


A    NATIONAL  BANK-      44^^ 

it,  but  will  not  communicate  it  to  any  other 
pcrfon  tl^ithout  a  valuable  confidcration :  for 
as  they  who  are  for  fetting  up  a  Bank  in 
Irdlaiid  prppofc  their  owe  as  well  as  the 
public  advantage  i  fo  I  fee  no  reafon  why  I 
fhould  not  be  fuitably  gratified,  whether  they 
may  think  fit  to  follow  my  whole  plan  (which 
I  judge  the  only  pra£ti£able  one  in  that  King- 
dom^ an4  the  only  ^onefl:  and  fecure  one  in 
anybthet)  or  that  they  may  only  take  ptoper 
hints,  and  accommodate  fuch  parts  of  it  as 
they  pleafc  to  their  own  projeft. 


I  am 


My   Lord, 


Your  Lordftup's  nwft  obedknt 
and  moft  humbk  Sorvani;^ 


Vol.  I.  Ff  :        TlttE 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


4J0         THE  SCHEME    OF 
THE 

SCHEME, 

OF    A 

NATIONAL  BANK. 

SECTION    I. 

I  National  Bank  is  extremely  diiFerent 
[am  from  all  private  Banks »  fuch  (for 
example)  as  is  that  in  London  ; 
which,  tho  having  the  name  of  Eftg- 
land  tack'd  to  it,  is  built  neverthclefs  oa 
narrow  foundations,  aded  by  perfonal  views, 
and  fo  firam'd  as  naturally  to  create  fii(picioa : 
for  both  the  keeping  and  the  difpofal  of  tiK 
Cafh  is  intrufted^  in  the  fame  hands  under  a 
private  management,  without  any  inlpe^ion, 
check?  or  controul  from  the  fupreme  autho- 
rity. Such  a  method  can  never  be  fafc  nor 
cxtcnflve:  and  the  frequent  Runs  on  the 
Bank  of  Ef^land^  not  to  fpeak  of  other  in- 
conveniences to  which  it  is  perpetually  fub- 
;7^fti  is  a  plain  proof  of  its  infufficicncy.  I 
have  therefore  ^  after  no  lefs  ftudy  than  cx- 
Bciiehce  in  buflnefs  of  this  nature?  form'd  a 

brief 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


A  NATIONAL  BANK.       4li 

brief  and  clear  Scheme  of  a  truly  National 
Bank  \  containing  the  means  and  methods 
whereby  the  fame  may  be  ufticr'd  into  the 
the  world,  approved,  and  cftablifhed  :  and  this 
not  only ,  for  the  accommodation  of  Mer- 
chants, as  the  Bank  of  Amfterdam ;  but  like- 
wife  of  all  perfons  whatcwr,  without  any 
danger  either  to  the  Gov^trnment  ot  People* 
Yet  I  (hall  readily  acknowledge,  that  there  is 
nothing  folid  in  what  I  have  thus  advanced  ia 
general,  unlcfs  it  undeniably  appears  in  par- 
ticular, 

L  TH  AT  as  a  National  Bank,  it  is  not 
only  a  great  convenience,  but  alfo  in  other 
refpcds  a  great  benefit  to  the  people;  fothat 
there  is  nothing  in  nature  or  art  more  eafy, 
than  to  eftablifh  luch  a  Bank,  the  Government 
being  willing. 

IL  THAT  this  Bank  may  be  commenced 
and  fet  on  foot  (to  the  no  fmall  amazement^ 
or  rather  difappointment  of  mercenary  pro- 
jedors  and  dock- jobbers)  without  eiiher  any 
ftock  in  Cafli,  Subfcriptions  of  mony,  or  col* 
4ateral  Security  in  Lands. 

III.  THAT Jt  fhall  notwithftanding  be 
under  a  perpetual  prc^rellion,  without  any 
ftagnancy  or  decay  %  whereby  it  may  be  ca- 
pable of  attaining  to  immenfc  credit,  on  real 
not  imaginary  foundations. 


Ff  a 

.  Digitized 


by  Google 


i^i%  THE  SCHEME  Ol 

IV.  THAT  it  may  be  fo  cajiftitutccl,  as 
that  every  man  fhall  at  firft  %ht  perceive  his. 
fccurity  and  advantage  in  it;  and  immedi- 
ately truft  it,  without  the  leaft  hesitation  or 
doubt. 

V.  THAT  fuch  a  Bank  can  never  be 
|^reaurioas>  or  fubyeft  to  any  accident  capable 
to  defttoy  its  credit,  were  all  the  nwny'd 
xneti  in  the  |Cii\gdom  in  combination  ^ainft 
k, 

VI;  THAT  it  (hall  always  be  able  to 
make  pf ompt  Payment  at  ftght,  and  to  anfwer 
the  Capital  at  any  time  on  demand :  a  thing 
j^fnbiguoos  or  deficient  in  all  other  Banlu, 
one  only  excepted. 

VU.  THAT  it  fliall  neither  give  nor  re- 
ceive Ihtercft,  for  mony  paid  in  or  iflii'd  out 
^Loans  to  the  Government  excepted)  and  ytt 
th»  profit  of  the  Bank  will  be  very  conftdqr- 
aWc  and  great. 

Vin.  THAT  (hou'd  the  Proprietors,  upon 
iany  fudden  fright  or  confternation,  draw  out 
all  their  Calh  in  Bank,  this  cou'd  not  deftroy 
or  impair  the  credit  of  iti  but  that>  like  a 
living  and  inexhauftible  •  fpring,  it  wou'd  flow 
out  again,  and  fiofifh  as  before.^    ' 

IX. 

by  Google 


Digitized 


A  NATIONAL  BAN«.      45S 

IX.  THAT  this  Bank  (hall  be  ptoof  ar 
gainil  all  the  artful  tricks,  and  little  cunning 
of  Stock-jobbers:  the  barie  of  Credit  and 
conunon  Honefty. 

X.  THAT,  without  any  finifter  dtvlccs 
to  raife  credit  (which  in  the  end  is  tp  ruin 
it)  this  Bank  may  more  eafily  acconlmodatc 
the  Government  with  ten  or  twelve  hundred 
thoufand  pounds  at  lo^  intereft,  than  the 
Bank  of  England  with  6ne  hundred  thoi&^H 
pounds,  upon  any  fund  or  funds  fettltt  ftar 
that  purpofe  :  and  this  without  tranigtt^in^ 
the  dated  rules  of  the  Bank,  or  ai^  iihpeaahf 
ment  to  the  managers  thereof. 

XL  THAT  fuch  a  Bank  will  not  only  b« 
of  great  fervice  to  the  Nobility  and  Gcritry^ 
as  will  fpecially  appear  in  the  Plan  of  it-;*ha^ 
muft  likewife  defeat  the  corruptions  and  abufes 
pf  Stewards  and  Bailiffs,  prevent  many  difputejs 
in  Law,  keep  the  country  from  being  fu'd 
for  Robberies,  with  fevcral  other  particulars 
equally  honorable  and  bcaadficial.    - 

XIL  THAT  all  this  may  be  acQoWjplilhld 
with  finall  charge  to  the  Goverrttkmtt  tubd 
Nation,  and  manag'd  without  a  GoVitjMr  ©^ 
Court  of  Diredors :  and  ydt  be  ufi4ec  ^  eiaft 
a  mp(hod  and  difcipline,  as  to  ka^c  no  'nm^ 
laragp  §of  -pY  ifi^iie^  or  i^if^  ^caliiig^  m 

by  Google 


Digitized 


454  THE    SCHEME  OF 

the  adminiftration  of  the  Bank,   cither  as  to 
the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  fame. 


NOW,  fuppoHng  the  Plan,  from 
thefe  effeds  refult,  to  be  no  chimera,  but  as 
cafy  to  pradife  as  to  conceive  i  then  the  great 
and  happy  confequenccs,  which  muft  needs 
attend  fo  ufeful  and  excellent  an  eftabliHi- 
inent,  will  be  ob\ious  and  plain  to  the  mean- 
eft  c:apacitics :  as,  in  general,  the  raiftng  and 
advandng  of  the  Kingdom  to  a  degree  of 
Plenty,  Wealth,  and  Power,  far  fupcrior  to 
all  preceding  ages  $  and  thereby  rendrlng  tbc 
fobjeds  much  more  ready  and  capable  to 
ferve  the  Crown,  upon  any  prcflingorgj:eat 
emergency,  not  with  airy  riches  but  real  cf- 
feds.  And  indeed  it  is  infinitely  more  repu- 
table, as  it  is  alfo  more  fafe,  for  a  Prince  to 
be  forvVl  by  all  his  people  j  than  by  any  one 
party  among  them.  ' 


SECTION    II. 

'T^O  begin  then  with  laying  thcfoun<b- 
»  I  tion  of  this  noble  Fabrick,  the  ft* 
and  chief  corner  ftonc  muft  be  a  dear  M 
adequate  idea  of  fomething,  that  is  already  no 
iefs  £ictlin  pradice,  than  in  credit  univerfal; 
and  yet  yfUi  not  in  all  nor  in  moft  refpe^ 
be  the  fame  with  the  Bank  we  propof^  whio 
exceeds  it  on  feveral.  accounts,  but  particO' 
laxly  as  to  fccurity  xmd  accommodation. 

'  NOW, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


A  NATIONAL    BANK. 


455 


N  O  W^  by  this  previous  idea  or  firftpirin'' 
ciplc,  the  knowl^e  whereof  is  as  agreeable  as 
it  i&  neceflary,  is  meant  the  Bank  of  Amfter^ 
fiam  i  which  opcn'd  its  books  with  bare  walls, 
without  any  Cafh  at  all,  and  confequently 
had  not  its  rife  and  origine  from  Subfcrip- 
tionsof  mony :  but  rather  from  a  prudent  and 
honeft  appointment  of  State,  which,  as  we 
are  going  to  fee,  naturally  refulted  into  a 
Bank  5  forefeen,  tho  not  givea  out  by  the 
(agacious  Inventors. 

The   Commencement  of  k  wos  in  the 
,       following  manner. 

I.  A  certain  place  or  office  was  aflign'din 
a  convenient  part  of  the  City,  for  the  com- 
mon receipt .  and  payment  of  mony.  Tis 
npw  in  their  famous  Stadthoufe,  which  owes 
much  of  its  fplendor  to  the  credit  of  this 
iaftitution. 

II.  THE  Government  ordered  that  ail  rc^ 
ceipts  and  payments,  exceeding  three  imndred 
Guilders  (which  make  about  thirty  pounds 
Sterling)  fliou'd  be  there  made :  wHereupoi> 
Books  were  provided,  and  Clerks  daily  at* 
tended  at  fta^ed  houri,  to  make  due  entry  ti£ 
all  fuch  receipts  and  payments. 

Ill;  THESE  Books  became  an  authentic 
record  of  ^1  pyoceedings  IjttWttt  Patties  of  this 

ff4  kind. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


45tf         THE    SCHEME   OE 

kind,  to  the  preventing  of  many  uncertain- 
ties, wrar^ings>  and  fiiits  at  law ;  whereby 
their  people  were  preferv'd  in  a  ftee  and  un- 
interrupted  intercoukc  of  Trade  and  Com- 
merce,. Iwih  at  home  and  abtoad. 

IV.  THE  Government  further  injoinU 
ibat  all  Bills  of  Exchange  whatfocver,  as  "vdl 
inland  u  foreign,  ihoa'd  be  paid  into  this 
office,  for  the  greater  fecurity  of  all  parties  in 
their  mutual  dealings :  as  likewife  to  prevent 
difappointments,  frequently  happening  inpay- 
ment of  mony  intrufted  in  private  hands,  fub- 
jeft  to  many  and  j^eat  oofttingencic^,  cither 
by  abfcnce  or  death,  by  infolvency  or  other 
evil  pradices. 

V.  I N  the  next  place,  the  Magiftrates  and 
City  were  by  Law  made  refponliblc,  for  the 
fafe  cuflody  of  all  monies  committed  to  their 
charge :  and  thefe  vkrc  fecured  againft  all 
fraudulent  and  corrupt  pradiccs,  &6m  thofc 
imploy'd  by  them  5  not  only  by  fufficient 
furcties,  but  alfo  by  penal  L&Ws  rciKlrihg  their 
wilfol  misbehavior  capital* 

.  H  £  It  £  mark  the  conftqucnces.  The  Mer- 
chants and  Traders,  to  avoid  the  ncceflary 
trouble  attending  this  affair,  (as  the  frequent 
carrying  of  mony  to  atid  from  the  faid  office, 
which  took  up  much  of  their  time)  chofe  ra- 
ther to  lodge  the  iame  in  that  place,  where 
it  was  iQtbc  Office^Boc^  jplac'dto  the  Pireprie* 

'       '  .^  *  tor's 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


A   NATIONAL   BANK.      457 

tor's  folio  or  account  5  and  Co  from  time  to 
time  transferred  by  direftion  to  the  account  of 
diverfe  pcrfons,  who  likwifc  found  it  as  fafd 
and  convenient  to  continue  it  'Where  it  wasi 
Thus,  for  exarttple,  the  fumpfbne  hundred 
pouiids  was  often  paft  over  from  one  man's 
account  to  another  a  hundred  times  i  and 
confequently  fupply'd  the  place  of  ten  thou- 
fand  pounds,  every  one  finding  it  more  eafy, 
convenient,  and  fafc,  to  continue  his  Cafh 
where  it  was,  than  to  have  it  in  iiis  owii 
keeping.  In  this  manner  wias  this  office  na- 
turally and  inferiftbly  converted  into  a  ;Bank, 

SECTION   IIL 

HAVING  hitherto  briefly,  and  as  it  were 
fpeculatively  (tho*  'tis  really  a  hiftori- 
cal  account)  exhibited  the  niaterials,  ot  ra- 
ther the  foundation  arid  main  pillAfS,  thatfup-* 
port  and  conftitute  this  celebrated  Bank  ;  I 
fhall  go  on  to  the  praftiqal  part,  or  pr^fcnt  ma- 
iiagement  of  itj  both  as  I  have  fumm*d  up 
the  j&mc  from  my  own  long  experience,  and 
as  I  have  collefted  it  out  of  the  Books  of  thofe, 
who^  have  written  on  this  Sutjjeft  in  their 
own  country,  where  I  have  fonre  time  iiv'd. 

THIS  Bank,  as  I  faid,  is  a  general  Cafli- 
keeper,  for  which  the  City  is  refponfiblej 
aad  where  any  pcrfons  may  put  in  thcu:  Calh, 
and  draw  it  out  at  their  pleafurc :   every  one 

paying 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


♦5S       .  THE    SCHEME^  OF 

paying  ten  Guilders  at  the  opening  of  his  ac- 
count,  and  afterwards  a  Penny  for  each  party 
or  parcel  that  he  draw$  out.  This  way  is  very 
expeditious  4nd  convenient  for  Negotiants, 
who  pay  and  receive  their  debts  by  Bills; 
their  naony  being  furcr  thah  in  their  own 
Coffers,  and  above  all  luzards^  bccaufc  thd 
City  is  their. Security. 

FOR  this  very  reafon.  if  \s,  that  the  Bank 
mony,  or.  Bank-bill,  is  always  better  than 
running  Calhs  the  difference  being  (i)  now 
of  about  fix  per  Cent,  which  is  call'd  the  ^^sa 
of  the  Bank. 

S  U  C  H  as  have  mpny  to  put  into  Bank, 
may  do  it  of  one  of  thefe  three  things,  i.  Ordi- 
ijjury  fpecies*  2.  Ducatons  at  fhree  florins  a 
piece.  3.  Bars  of  Gold  and  Silver  at  their 
higheft  rate.  If  they  have  a  mind  to  draw 
their  Ducatons  back  in  fix  months  after, 
they  (hall  have  them  again,  paying  about 
fifteen  pence  per  each  hundred  pounds  Stcrr 
ling  for  keeping :  and  if  their  mony  is  in 
ordinary  fpccies,  the  Calh-kccpcr  gives  a  re- 
ceipt according  to  the  value  in  Bank ;  or  elfe 
t)iey  muft  feek  upon  Change  lomc  Negotiant 
that  wants  running  Cafh^  and  who  ^ill  ^rit^ 
them  the  parcel  they  want,  fomewhat  cheaper 
than  the  Cafh-kepper- 

(0  In  ^707. 

HE 


Digitized 


by  Google 


A   NATIONAL    BANK.      459 

HE  ihat,  having  Mony  in  Bank,  hasamliid 
to  pay  fomc  parcel  of  it,  muft  cari^  his  Note 
iiimfelf  5  or  pafs  a  Letter  of  Attorney  before 
the  Book-keeper  of  the  Bank,  to  him  of  whom 
he  pretends  to  make  ufe,  or  elfe  the  Party  will 
not  be  written. 

'    Thus  the  Note  is  to  be : 

1 1 24.  MeJJieuTS  the  CommlJJlomts  Oj 
the  Bank  will  fay  to  N. 
the  Sum  of  five  hundred  Gil 
ders :  at  Amjierdamy  the 
day  of  1707- 

Z.  Z. 

The  folio  1 1 24,  ar  the  head  of  the  Note,  It 
the  folio  of  the  Ledger,  where  the  account 
of  the  party  is, 

THE  Notes  are  receiv'd  in  the  Bank  every 
day  that  it  is  open,  from  feven  till  eleven  in 
the  morning :  and  if  one  that  has  a  Note  be 
neceflitated  to  carry  it  that  very  day,  he  may 
go  in  the  afternoon ; :  for,  on  paying  fixpencc, 
hell  be  received. 

THERE  is  no  Party  receive  in  Bank  un-^ 
der  three  htmdred  ilorins,  without  paying  fix- 
pence,  unlefs  it  be  for  thcEaft  and  \Veft-lndia 
Companies. 

HE 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


460         THE    SCHEME  OF 

H  £  f\m  has  written  a  fum  in  Bink,  can- 
not transfer  it  but  two  days  after  his  account 
is  o|ten'd :  and  he  muft  go  to  the  Bahk  to  in- 
quire^ his  account  be  written,  or  he  forfeits 
diree  per  Cent,  for  what  he  writes. 

WHEN  you  go  to  inquire  if  your  Party 
is  written,  you  muft  go  before  eight :  from 
eight  to  nine  you  mvA  pay  two  pence,  and 
from  nine  to  three  in  the  afternoon  you  pay 
itxjpehce. 

THE  Book-keeper  (ends  every  morning  to 
thofe  that  defirc  it,  a  Note  of  the  parties  car- 
ry'd  to  their  -iQCOunt  the  day  before :  and  this 
intclligeiicc,  very  ferviceabie  to  great  dealers, 
is  regularly  performed  for  about  fifty  (hillings 
^y<ar. 

^  IF  you  write  to  any  man  more  than  you 
have  in  Bank,  you  forfeit  three  per  Cent,  of 
what  you  have  written^ 

THE  Commiffioners  of  the  Bank  balanc? 
their  Accounts  twice  a  yea^,  yiz.  in  January 
and  in  July.  Such  as  have  their  accounts  o- 
pen,  are  oblig'd  to  go  in  Perfon,  or  to  fend 
their  Letter  of  Attorney,  to  declare  what  they 
pretend  to  be  their  due :  and  if  it  agrees  with 
the  Bank,  they  are  told  in  wib^  folio  theii? 
balance  is  transferred ;  but  if  what  they  pretend 
does  not  agree  yfith  ^he  Book  Qf  th9\Bank, 

they 

d  by  Google 


Digitized  b 


A  NATIONAL  BANK.      4tfi 

they  are  oblig'd  to  furnifh  an  account  of  par* 
eels,  that  the  Commii&oners  may  find  thecxxon 

Nota^  bency  That  if  you  do  not  go  ,itt  Jtf 
nuary  and  in  July  to  adjuft  your  Accounts^  yott 
forfeit  twenty  florins. 


S  E  C  T  I  O  N    IV. 

THO  the  Bank  of  Atnflerdam  has  dcfer- 
vedly  the  prc^emintnce  of  the  reft,  there 
are  fevcral  other  Banks  fettled  in  moft  <^  the 
cities  and  chief  towns  of  that  country^  for  the 
peculiar  fervice  of  the  people  inhabiting  caoh 
Province:  and  there  arc  Cantores  befidcs^ 
where  the  public  mony  collefted  m  each  Pro^ 
vince>  is  lodg'd  i  and  appropriated  for  the  pay^ 
ment  of  fuch  mony.  Principal  and  Inti^rdl; 
as  is  lent  to  the  State.  For  this  theTircafurier 
gives  his  bond,  and  pays  off  the  Intereft  firom 
time  to  time>  as. the  fame  grows  due;  hal£- 
yearly  if  demanded,  and  without  the  leaftde^ 
lay,  or  any  other  order  than  his  own  :  tbc 
fame  being  enter'd  in  his  book,  and  endorsed 
ontheBoml)  where  he  only  inferts  the  month 
and  year,  which:  is  all  he  has  to  vouch  fbt 
what  be  pays.  Thb^  whole  matter  thcTrea^ 
furers  pc^rm  with  the  greateft  eafe  and  ad^ 
drefsima^nafaici^  no  man  being  obliged  to  aay 
attendance,  or.  to  come  twic^  ob(a:vibg  t^ 
iinttted times  of  theOffice. 


Digitized  by 


5d  by  vj 


4tf^  THE   SCHEME  OF 

SUCH  ishavct^dit  in  the  faid  Cantorcs 
may  have  Bills  to  receive  their  mony  at  U- 
trecht>  Leyden,  Rotterdam,  or  any  other  part 
of  the  Country :  but  'tis  certain  that  for  all 
this,  thod:  Cantores  arc  fiibjeft  to  difteputc 
and  difcredit,  arifing  from  the  imperfe^ion  of 
their  frame  i  while  the  Bank  ofAmfterdam  is 
inviolable,  and  permanent  as  the  City  wherein 
it  Hands. 

THE  Rules  we  have  mentioned  to  be  ob- 
ferv'd  for  the  orderly  keeping  of  accounts, 
may  be  very  proper  for  fuch  as  inhabit  together 
in  the  fame  City  or  narrow  diftrid  $  ^t  in 
thofe  countries  where  the  people  live  icatter'd, 
and  great  towns  are  remote,  there  the  pcrfons 
troncern'd  cannot  fo  eaftly  keep  to  the  days  and 
hours  ufual  at  Amfterdam  :  and  therefore  the 
Market-days  are  thefittcft  times  to  appoint  for 
fuch  purpofcs,  bccaufe  the  peqple  will  of  coorfe 
tefOTtto  the  refpedive  Market-towns  on  thofe 
days,  whether  to  buy  and  fell,  or  to  tranfad 
their  other  mutual  afEairs, 

THE  foregoing  Rules,  fo  far  as  they  can 
be  made  pradicable  in  other  nations,  being  the 
only  real  materials,  wliereby  to  lay  the  foun- 
dation of  a  Nattmal  Banky  it  is  nccefiary  that 
the  fame  be  obferv'd  in  each  of  the  Cities  and 
conitderable  Towns  incorporate  of  any  Coun- 
try, where  a  Bank  is  to  beeftablifli'ds  and  in 
(iich    diftances  of  pl^e,  and  diftinaion  of 

towns, 

dbyLiOOgle 


Digitized  b 


A  NATIONAL   RANK.      4«j 

towns,  as  (hall  be  judg'd  moft  conducive  to 
the  end  proposed  :  for  nothing  is  to  be  in  our 
Syftcm  fo  precarious  as  the  Cantorcs  in  Hoi- 
land,  tho  we  de%n  all  things  (hall  be  as  expe- 
ditious, manifeU,  and  exad. 

THIS  will  inevitably  ered  fo  many  Bante,^ 
fubfcn^nt  to  each  (Mher,  and  fubordinat^ 
(thonQt  fubjed)  to  that  of  the  fame  nature  in 
the  Capital :  this  will  be  a  banking  really  na- 
tional, which  can  only  be  nominally  faid  of 
that  caird  th^  Bank  of  England :  and,  what 
is  more,,  all  this  n^y  be  accomplilh'd  in  any 
of  thefe  gredt  nations,  as  well  as  in  little  Hol- 
land, without  any  fuch  collateral  fecurity  as 
Lands>  or  fuch  other  things  made  over  in  ' 
truft*  Finally,  the  matter  of  fiich  a  Bank  de- 
pends fo  wholly  on  the  frame,  and  the  model 
of  it  is  fo  ordered  and  conftituted  5  that  it  can 
never  be  in  the  power  of  the  few  that  manage, 
having  intcrcft,  to  difcredit  or  hurt  it :  nor  be 
the  intereft  of  the  many,  having  power  (as  the 
Government  and  People)  to  difturb  or  defiroy 
it.  Indeed  the  fecurity  of  all  things  confifts 
not  in  the  materials,  but  in  the  form:  and  if 
the  form  or  tree  of  Government  be  good,  the 
fiuit  thereof  willlikewife  be  good. 

ALL  thefe  things  being  premised,  let's  now 
<:ometo.thc  pradical  Model  of  fuch  a  Bank  in 
this  Kingdom  of  England,  and  which  may 
jfeirvcas  well  for  Scotland  or  Ireland./  ^ 

SEC- 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


4tf4  TUB  SCHEME   OF 


SECTION    V. 

OUK  labor  in  this  part  will  be  the  fliortcri 
in  that  it  will  be  like  the  Condufton  of 
aDemoiiibratians  where  all  the  axioms,  dcfi« 
nitions,  poftulates>  propoiitions^  and  other 
members  of  the  prenaiiTe^  are  clear  and  an« 
deniable^  The  difference  of  ours  from  the 
Datch  Banks,  will  be  pcrceiv'd  at  firft  i^ 
wherever  it  occurs,  and  the  accommodation  of 
each  to  the  other  no  lefs  pcrfpicuous. 

T  O  begin  therefore,  there  arc  already  eftar 
bliCh'd  Chambers  in  each  City  and  incoipotatc 
Town  of  this  Kingdom,   with  a  general  Ca* 
ftiier  or  Trcafurcr,  commonly  called  the  Cham' 
berlain  of  the  place ;  annually  diofen,  aoi 
intruftcd  by  the  people,  with  the  receipts  aad 
ifiiies  of  their  public  Income :   but  imder  the 
whole  care,  infpeffcion,  and  diredion  of  the 
JMagiftr^es^  viz*  the  Mayor  and  Court  of  Al- 
dermen of  the  Corporation;  ot  by  whatever 
other  name  the  chief  Magifbratemay  he  cali'd, 
as  Soverain,  Portreeve,  BaililF,  or  any  oisxi 
of  the  like  import,  which  I  underfkand  al£6  of 
the  Chamberlain.     This  Cafliier  can  ilTue  no 
mony  without  their  otdir,  wMch  he  carefully 
keeps  to  vouch  his  accomits,  when  the  (kne 
are  audited  mi  htoa^  to  balance ;  whidi  is 
commonly  done  onCc  a  year,  and  otight  m 
good  economy  to  be  twice.    Being  chofcn  by 

the 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


'A  NATIONAL   bank:     4^ 

thcPcjOplc  to  his  great  Truft,  they  arc  (as  in 
law  and  equity  they  ought  to  be)  made  an* 
iwerable  for  his  Mal-adminiArationj  and  they 
take  care  that  the  Security  given  be  fufficient  to 
folvc  or  indemnify  them.  Wherefore  thcfe 
arc  the  places  moft  proper  for  the  defign'd 
purpofe^  of  creding  Banks :  and:  thus  the  clock 
is  made  to  our  hands,  while  there  remains  but 
to,  hang  on  the  weights,  and  then  the  wheels 
will  be,fct  in  motion. 

LIT  fhould  therefore  be  ordain*d  by  ^- 
iiamcnt,  that  the  Chambers  of  the  refpedivc; 
CJitics,  and  thofe  incorporate  Towns  judged 
ihoft  convenient,  be  the  common  places  al- 
lowed by  Law,  for  the  general  receipts  and 
payments  of  mony. 

IL  THAT  the  receipts  and  payment  ot 
allfums  above  twenty  pounds  be  there  made  ^ 
the  expedition,  .  fafety,  eafc  of  mind,  good 
hulsbahdry,  and  other  advantages  arifing  from 
which  regulatioris.  Will  abundantly  appear  in 
the  next  Sediopi  after  this. 

^  in.  THAT  all  monies  due  upon  bondsj 
obligatory  bills,  or  bills  of  £xchq.ngc  whe*- 
ther  inland  or  foreign,  be  paid  into  thefc 
Chambers  i  and  that  the  refpeftive  Chatnbcr- 
lains  be  the  General  Calhiers,  Receivers,  oif 
Treafurers,  intruftcd  with  the  cuftody  of  all 
Cafh  froni  time  to  time  paid  in :  but  left 
yot.  L  Gg  free 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


466         THE  SCHEME   OF 

free  to  the  folc  difpofal  of  every  proprietor^ 
to  carry  off,  or  to  place  to  his  proper  folio 
or  account^  or  to  transfer  to  the  account  of 
any  other. 

IV.  THAT  for  thb  purpofc  Books  be 
provided,  and  Clerks  (under  good  fccurity) 
be  appointed  to  attend  daily  at  ftated  hours  j 
to  take  and  keep  an  exad  Account  and  au** 
thentick  Regifter  of  all  transfers,  Receipts, 
and  payments. 

V.  THAT  the  Mayor  or  chief  Magiftratc, 
and  fuch  two  or  more  of  the  fenior  Alder- 
men for  the  time  being  (as  fhall  be  direfted 
by  P^Uament)  be  the  Cbmmiffioncrs,  in- 
trufted  with  the  infpedion  and  care  of  the 
Bank  i  who  are  to  have  each  of  them  a  key 
to  the  Cafli-room,  under  the  reftridions  in 
fuch  cafes  ordinarily  provided,  and  to  be  oL- 
ways  prefent  at  the  opening  and  (hutting  in 
of  the  Bank. 

VI.  THAT  the  People  and  Magiftracy  of 
the  place,  annually  chufing  their  faid  Cham* 
berlain  to  this  important  Charge,  be  anfwcr- 
able  by  Law  for  his  faithful  difchargc  of  the 
fame,  and  confcquently  be  Guarantees  for  the 
Bank.  This  is  no  more  a  hardfhip  on  the 
Corporation,  than  formerly  on  the  Coun« 
ties  5  which  were  rcfponfible  to  the  Crown 
in  the  Exchequer,   fo^  the  $heriiF«  intruftcd 


Digitized 


by  Google 


A    KATIONAL   BANK:     4*3^ 

\vith  the  general  receipts  of  the  feveral  Coun- 
ties, when  they  were  annually  chofen  by  tht 
PeoJ)le :  which  method  is  therefore  the  more 
recommendable,  in  that  it  is  moft  agreeable 
to  the  antient  cuftom  and  conftifution  of 
our  Englifh  Governments  as  fuch  fecurity 
provided  in  the  Cities  and  incorporated 
Towns,  will  give  thefe  Banks  fo  great  a  cre- 
dit and  reputation,  that  no  room  for  any 
fcruple  or  fufpicion  Can  be  left  in  the  minds 
of  the  People. 

Vn.  LASTLY,  that  for  the  greater  fecu^ 
rity  of  all  perfons,  depoiiting  their  mony  ia 
thefe  Banks,  the  management  thereof  be  un-» 
dcr  the  ftrifteft  Difcipline,  corroborated  by 
Parliament  with  futable  penal  Laws,  rendring 
all  cotrapt  and  fraudulent  praftices  equally 
punifhable  with  crimes  of  the  highcft  nature, 
as  in  cafes  of  Treafon  and  Felony  without 
Clergy. 

AFTEB.  what  has  been  Co  minutely  te^ 
latcd  in  the  management  of  the  Bank  ofAm^ 
fierdam  (whofe  model  is  copy'd  by  all  the  in* 
fcrior  Banks,  tho  to  their  misfortune  not  by 
the  Cantores)  there  is  no  need  of  particulari- 
sing the  manner  of  entring,  transferring, 
drawing  out,  remitting,  and  the  like  j  nor 
yet  of  fpccifying  the  refpeftive  fees,  mulds, 
or  other  emoluments  and  perquifitcs,  accru- 
Gg  2  ing 


Digitized 


by  Google 


^6$         tHE   SCHEME   OF 

ing  on  divcrfc  occafions  to  the  Bank :  fihcc 
all  fach  things  mutatis  mutandis^  and  regard 
had  to  the  different  circumftances  of  time  or 
cuftoms  of  countries,  will  be  eafily  coUcded, 
adjufted,  and  fettled,  by  thofe  who  are  capa- 
ble to  form  and  go  on  with  this  Undertaking ; 
which,  next  to  God's  providence,  is  the  high- 
eft  bleffing  that  can  ever  happen  to  any  tra- 
ding or  opulent  nation. 


SECT!  ON     VL 

IN  this  whole  affair  as  there  is  nothing 
hard  of  conception,  fo  every  thing  is  eafy 
in  practice  5  and  nothing  wanting,  but  incli- 
nation and  authority  to  effeft  it.  Cuflom, 
backed  by  other  prejudices,  will  at  firft  oppofe 
fuch  an  Inftitution,  no  lefs  than  the  intercft 
that  is  fure  to  be  made  againft  it,  by  fiich  as 
have  only  views  of  their  own  5  tho,  by  the 
way,  avaJftly  greater  number  of  pcrfons  will 
be  employed  by  this  Bank,  than  poUibly  can 
be  by  any  Joint-flock  or  mercantile  Bank  ia 
the  world.  Nor  ought  it  to  be  forgot,  that 
neverthclefs  many  offices  are  thereby  fav'd  to 
the  Crown,  and  much  vexation  to  the  Peo- 
ple :  not  to  fpeak  diftindly  of  a  thoufand  ad- 
vantages to  the  King  and  People,  which  eve- 
ry man  of  penetration  will  readily  difcovcr 

before- 


Digitized 


by  Google 


A  NATIONAL  BANK,      4<Sp 

beforehand^  and  which  daily  occurrences  will 
fuggeft  to  ^^the  dulleft. 

IT  is  not  the  leaft  of  thefe  advantages, 
that  the  publick  Taxes,  and  other  Duties  ga- 
thered in  the  feveral  Counties,  njay  by  the 
Colledors  be  paid  into  thefe  Banks,  whence 
they  will  be  eafily  removed  into  the  Exchcr 
quer :  for  which  reafon  the  Banks  arc  very 
proper  to  be  appointed  his  Majefty's  General 
Receivers  in  evjery  County  j  which  will  prove 
exceeding  beneficial,  in  preventUigLoffes  both 
to  the  Sovereign  and  the  Subjed. 

THE  Nobility  alfo  and  the  Gentry,  lodg- 
ing their  Cafh  and  Rents  in  thefe  places, 
may  receive  the  fame  in  any  part  of  his  Ma- 
jefty's  dominions,  allowing  the  ufual  premiuni 
for  the  Exchange  :  and  indeed  under  this  fet- 
tlement  thofe  Rents  will  naturally  fall  into 
the  Banks,  and  muft  in  the  whole  amount 
to  many  thoufands  of  pounds  for  their  fup- 
port* 

THIS  is  plain,  that  thefe  Remittances  will 
be  made  without  any  hazard,  becaufe  no  Bills 
of  Exchange  are  by  the  Rules  of  the  Bank  to 
be  granted  in  any  place,  unlefs  the  Mony  be 
firfl:  paid  in :  fo  that  this  may  be  done  to 
fflreat  profit,  without  the  ufe  of  any  man's 
^a^i,  ^hereby,  the  Capital  Stock  may  l?e  aj- 
Gg  3  way^ 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


^6         THE   SCHEME  OF 

ways  kept  whole  and  entire  5  and,   were  It 
ten  millions,  ready  to  anfwer  on  demand. 

IT  will  beobjeded,  that  part  of  the  Stock 
will  fomctimcsbe  ncccffarily  drawn  out  5  and 
I  anfwer  this  objedion  by  granting  it,  but 
with  a  due  explication  ;  for  tho,  by  the  mu- 
tual returns  of  Mony,  fome  part  of  the  Stock 
may  be  drawn  out  of  one  place  i  yet  the 
fame  being  made  good  in  another,  is  within^ 
call  and  in  the  nation  ftill,  as  much  as  Caft 
remov'd  out  of  one  room  into  another,  is  in 
the  fame  houfe« 

WHEREFORE  this  Bank  can  have  no 
occafton  to  borrow,  nor  muft  it  lend  upon 
any  pretence  whatfoever.  Nevcrthele^,  the 
Crown  may  be  fupply'd  at  any  time,  on  bor- 
rowing Claufes  and  fettled  Funds,  by  the 
Proprietors  writing  off  in  the  refpedive  Banks 
in  each  County  fdue  notice  being  previouily 
given  in  the  dazette)  upon  fuch  incourage- 
ment  as  the  Parliament  (hall  allow  :  and 
which  will  a?  eafily  be  anfwer'd,  when  the 
faid  Taxes  are  gathered  and  brought  in  5  and 
all  this  without  any  tranfgKflion  or  impeach- 
jnent,  cither  of  the  nianagement  or  the  mh 
nagprs, 

THIS  provifion   alone  odght  to  rccom^ 
m^nd  the  prefcnt  Und^taking,  preferably  to 

aU 


/ 


Digitized 


by  Google 


A    NATIONAL  BANK.     471 

all  others,  both  to  the  King  and  to  the  Pco- 
pie :  for  as  the  King  is  fure  to  get  as  much 
many  as  the  Parliament  allows,  without  thofc 
delays  and  deficiencies  which  too  often  hap- 
pen 5  fo  the  People  will  be  able  more  equal- 
ly to  improve  their  money  on  fuch  publick 
fecurities  5  whereas  this  opportunity  is  now 
confin'd  almoft  to  the  Citizens  of  London 
and  Parliament-men,  and  even  among  them 
commonly  to  fuch  only,  as  will  buy  or  earn 
favor. 

IT  were  needlefs  to  talk  of  the  Remit- 
tances of  Cloathicrs,  Grafiers,  or  any  other 
kind  of  dealers  :  fincc  he,  who  is  not  able 
to  make  fuch  conclufions  to  himfelf  5  does 
but  lofe  his  labor,  in  reading  any  part  of  this 
Scheme  at  all. 


SECTION     VIL 


TH  U  S,  in  as  few  words  and  propofi* 
tions  as  could  well  be  ufcd,  is  the 
frame  and  pradice  of  a  truly  National 
Bank  made  fo  plain  and  intelligible:  that 
whatever  elfe,  not  cxprefs'd,  fliall  be  deem'd 
ufeful  or  neieffaryi  may  with  fmall  ap* 
plication,  by  pcrfons  vers'd  in  affairs  of 
Gg  4  this 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


472        THB    SCHEME    OU 

this  nature,    \?c  fully  4educ'4  ajid  properly 

apply'd. 

AND  whereas  it  may  be  objcded,  that  the 
Bank  of  England  is  not  only  eftablifli'd  by 
Aft  of  Parliament,  btit  likewife  by  the  fame 
Law  to  have  no  rival,  (the  Parliament  having 
dcclar'd  their  refolution  to  cftablifh  i;o  other 
Bank,  or  Undertaking  in  the  nature  of  a  Bank, 
during  the  continuance  of  it)  I  anfwer  fitft, 
that  this  regards  England  only,  and  but  for 
a  limited  time :    fccondly,  that  our  intended 
Bank  may  be  fet  up,  when,  by  the  expiration 
of  the  fet  time,  the  imperfeftion  or  mifina- 
hagement  of  the  Bank  of  England  fhall  mak? 
people  long  for  a  better :  and  I  anfwer  third- 
ly, that,  if  people  were  wife^  they  need  not 
ftay  half  fo  long. 

THE  reafon  is  obvious :  for  the  propos'd 
National  Bank  is  of  a  quite  different  nature 
from  the  Bank  of  Er^land,  as  well  in  the 
end  as  the  means  5  and  therefore  will  not  in- 
terfere or  rival  it,  either  in  point  of  Power 
or  Profit.  Now  thefe  being  the  two  cffcntials 
intended  by  the  Claufe  of  enafting  no  othcc 
Bank,  and  the  effentials  not  being  hurt  by 
the  propos'd  Undertaking  j  it  is  humbly  con- 
ceiv'd  to  be  moft  evident,  that  the  Parlia- 
ment may  juftly  eftablifh  fuch  a  National 
B^nk :  for  the  intention  of  the  Law,  and  of 

thofe 


Digitized 


by  Google 


A    NATIONAL    BANK.    473 

thofe  in  whofe  favor  it  was  made,  being  fa- 
tisfy'd  jj  the  letter  of  it  neither  can  nor  ought 
to  hinder  the  Legiflative  Power,  from  incou- 
raging  by  their  fandion  fuch  an  Eftablifhment 
as  the  prefent,  fhould  it  be  found  to  be  for 
the  common  good  of  the  realm. 

T  O  make  good  my  affertion,  that  the  end 
is  no  more  the  fame,  than  the  means,  in  the 
Bank  of  England  and  this  Undertaking,  it 
muft  be  obferv'd  :   that  one  grand  difference 
between  the  ipto^osdi  National  Bank  and  the 
Bank  of  Englandy   is  (as  was  laid  down  at 
the  beginning)  that  the  Bank  of  England  has 
both  the  cuftody  and  the  difpofal  of  other  men's 
Caflij  whereas  the  ipto^os'd  National  Bank  is 
to  have  only  the  cuftody,   but  not  the  dif- 
pofal,  which  will  make  the  Proprietors  al- 
ways fafe  "and  eafy.    Another  no  lefs  eflential 
difference  is,  that  the  National  Bank  is  nei- 
ther to  borrow  nor  to  lend  any  money,  but 
is  to  fubfift  only  by  the  advantages  refulting 
from  returns,  transfers,  and  tfie  like  :  for  thefe 
will  be  Sufficient  to  fupport  its  honour  and 
fafety,  without  ingaging  in  any  fecrct  indireft 
negotiations  or  myfterious  Politicks  i   which, 
however  tempting  they  may  be,   are  always 
dangerous,  and  may  at  laft  prove  fatal  (as  it 
has  frequently  happened  in  other  refpefts)  both 
to  the  Bank  of  England  itfelf,   and  to  all 
conccrn'd  with  it.     Wherefore  if  the  Law 

pro- 


'Digitized 


by  Google 


:^74  THE    SCHEME,  &c: 

provides,  that  neither  of  the  Banks  (hall  break 
in  upon  the  other  in  thefe  elTentialss  then 
their  feveral  Powers  and  Profits  can  never  in- 
terfere, which  is  a  full  anfwer  to  the  whole 
force  of  the  Objeftion. 


The  End  of  the  Firft  Vbtume. 


ized  by  Google 


.#   * 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


>  «^ 


..  / 


Digitized  by  VjOOQiC 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


>